Journal of Personality Disorders最新文献

With the introduction of the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders in the DSM-5, the need for short measures of the level of personality functioning has emerged, both for screening purposes and for assessing change during treatment. The Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form 2.0 (LPFS-BF 2.0) was constructed for this and has received support for its two-factor structure and criterion validity. The authors aimed to provide additional construct validity evidence for the LPFS-BF 2.0 by examining its factor structure and measurement invariance across the Dutch, English, French, and Spanish versions and across gender, and its criterion validity. Results showed that the two-factor model had a good fit to the data in the four linguistic versions. Configural and metric invariance were supported across linguistic versions and gender, while scalar invariance was partially supported. Reporting a mental health disorder and having consulted with a mental health professional were associated with higher LPFS-BF 2.0 scores.

The current study aimed to identify borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptom disparities in sexually and/or gender diverse adults, determine if BPD symptoms vary across sexual orientation and gender identity, and identify factors related to BPD symptoms in this population. A sample of 218 sexually and gender diverse adults completed measures for BPD symptoms and trauma/stressors. Results suggest that sexually and/or gender diverse adults scored higher on six of the nine diagnostic criteria for BPD and were likely to have a probable BPD diagnosis, although these disparities were not observed across groups. Factors such as age, abuse and neglect and stigmatizing events were associated with more BPD symptoms, although the relationship between stigma and BPD symptoms did not remain when controlling for other factors. Results suggest that sexual orientation and gender identity are important factors when investigating BPD, and stigma may in part account for this disparity, although future research is needed.

Long-standing theory regarding personality pathology as well as the recently proposed DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) posit that self/identity problems are a hallmark feature cutting across forms of personality pathology. With emergence of the AMPD, researchers have started to focus empirical investigations on identity pathology as a transdiagnostic factor across personality pathology. The current study investigated identity pathology across indicators of personality pathology from both the current categorical perspective (DSM-5 PD) and the dimensional perspective in the AMPD. Identity diffusion and low self-concept clarity were correlated with all PD feature scales and all maladaptive personality dimension scales. Regression analyses revealed most indicators of personality pathology were significant correlates of identity diffusion and low self-concept clarity. Borderline and Avoidant PD feature scales and Negative Affectivity and Detachment maladaptive personality dimension scales emerged as the strongest correlates of identity pathology. The role that identity pathology plays in personality pathology is highlighted.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by dysregulated emotion, interpersonal relationships, and impulsivity, and is putatively linked to a known transdiagnostic risk factor, anxiety sensitivity (AS). AS is a dispositional fear of the physical, cognitive, and/or social consequences of arousal-related somatic sensations. Gratz et al. (2008) demonstrated significantly higher AS in outpatients with BPD and a predictive value of AS over and above emotion dysregulation and impulsivity. The present study sought to extend these findings with a larger sample of outpatients with BPD by investigating predictive value of AS dimensions; relations between AS and attachment style; and impact of BPD treatment on AS. Participants completed measures at three time points: pretreatment and 6 and 12 months posttreatment. AS social was the best predictor; attachment anxiety correlated positively with AS global and AS physical. AS levels significantly decreased from pretreatment to 6 months posttreatment. Clinical implications discussed include targeting AS in BPD treatment.

Although psychotherapy is the first-line treatment of borderline personality disorder (BPD), psychopharmacological agents have not been approved yet. Modulating brain functions with noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) interventions, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), may have a role in the treatment of BPD. In light of the limited knowledge available and the emerging interest in the possible role of NIBS as a therapeutic tool, the authors' main aim is to systematically review the literature on the effect of both rTMS and tDCS on BPD symptoms, specifically affective dysregulation, impulsive-behavioral dyscontrol, and cognitive-perceptual difficulties. The review process was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The research methods were registered on PROSPERO (id code CRD42020209491). Eleven studies were included in the review. Despite the limited number of studies retrieved, preliminary data showed an improvement in all domains. Further studies are needed to understand potential long-term advantages of NIBS.

The authors investigate whether and how borderline and pathological narcissistic traits differ in their associations with trait and state rejection sensitivity, and with affective reactions to experiences of social rejection occurring in daily life. Community adults (N = 189) completed baseline measures of rejection sensitivity, borderline personality, and pathological narcissism, and daily measures of perceived social rejection and affective states for 7 days. Vulnerable narcissism was the main driver of negative anticipated emotions for social rejection. Borderline personality made people prone to experiencing social rejection in daily life. Moreover, borderline personality traits predicted greater self-directed aggressive impulses when experiencing social rejection. Grandiose narcissism showed only a negative association with anticipatory anxiety for rejection. These findings highlight that sensitivity to social rejection is crucial in both borderline personality and pathological narcissism.

Despite growing evidence that psychopathy entails reduced emotional processing, the relationship between psychopathic traits and third-person pain perception is poorly understood. This study directly examined perception of others' pain in a sample of male and female students (N = 105) who completed the Self-Report Psychopathy scale (SRP-III) and the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ). Participants watched a video of 60 one-second clips of other people experiencing pain. Following each clip, participants rated the perceived level of pain intensity and pain unpleasantness. Psychopathic traits were unrelated to response bias, suggesting that individuals high in psychopathic traits were no more or less likely to impute pain to others. However, higher levels of psychopathic traits, particularly callous affect and antisocial behavior, were associated with a decreased ability to discriminate others' pain. Sensitivity and response bias were unrelated to TEQ scores. These findings provide novel insights into the influence of psychopathic traits on emotional processing.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and substance use disorders (SUDs) commonly co-occur across various settings. However, little research has examined how BPD features relate to specific types of SUDs. This study examined whether BPD features assessed shortly after incarceration were differentially related to symptoms of dependence on alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, and opioids experienced in the 12 months prior to incarceration among 510 people recently incarcerated in jail. Follow-up multigroup analyses evaluated whether gender or race moderated the relation of BPD features to the four SUDs. Using structural equational modeling, the relationships of BPD features were compared to each of the four preincarceration dependence symptoms. BPD features were significantly related to dependence on each of the four substances, but the link between BPD features and cocaine dependence was stronger than BPD's association with alcohol, cannabis, or opioid dependence. These findings generalized across men and women and across White and Black people.