Journal of Comparative Economics最新文献

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The impact of rainfall on productivity: Implications for Chinese manufacturing 降雨对生产率的影响：对中国制造业的启示

IF 2.8 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Comparative Economics

Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.03.005

Xiaodong Chen , Yatang Lin , Pengyu Zhu

Rainfall affects productivity in many ways. Compared to temperature anomalies, the impacts of precipitation anomalies have been understudied, with existing evidence at the macro level. By combining ground station-level climate data and micro-data from half a million manufacturing firms in China, we uncover that rainfall negatively impacts firms’ productivity, with the most significant negative impacts concentrated in extremely heavy rainfall anomalies. Labor-intensive, low-tech, or less productive firms and those located in rainy regions are vulnerable to rainfall extremes. Our estimates are large enough to explain previously observed output losses in cross-country panels. We uncover three primary channels through which manufacturing firms experience productivity loss: reduction in labor, agriculture intermediate inputs and transportation disruptions. We also identify several margins of adaptation. Utilizing the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways Scenarios (SSPs), we estimate the future impact of rainfall on productivity in a cost-benefit analysis. Our projections indicate a substantial output loss of 2.4–14.9 billion CNY by 2100, due to the increase in extreme rainfall events under each scenario with different implementation of environmental policies.

降雨在许多方面影响生产力。与温度异常相比，降水异常的影响研究还不够充分，在宏观层面上已有证据。通过结合地面站水平的气候数据和中国50万家制造业企业的微观数据，我们发现降雨对企业的生产力产生了负面影响，其中最显著的负面影响集中在极端强降雨异常中。劳动密集型、低技术含量或生产率较低的企业以及位于多雨地区的企业容易受到极端降雨的影响。我们的估计足够大，可以解释以前观察到的跨国面板的产量损失。我们发现制造业企业经历生产力损失的三个主要渠道：劳动力减少、农业中间投入和运输中断。我们还确定了几个适应范围。利用共享社会经济路径情景（ssp），我们在成本效益分析中估计了降雨对生产力的未来影响。我们的预测表明，到2100年，由于不同环境政策实施情景下极端降雨事件的增加，产量损失将达到24 - 149亿元人民币。

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引用次数: 0

Getting back a level playing field under state-guided market economy: Evidence from quake donations by non-state-controlled companies in China 在国家引导的市场经济下恢复公平竞争：来自中国非国有企业地震捐款的证据

IF 2.8 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Comparative Economics

Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.03.004

Julan Du , Yi Lu , Zhigang Tao , Yan Zhang

The rise of state-guided market economy is a striking development in the world economy, and China is one leading example. Under China's state-guided market economy, non-state-controlled corporations typically face discrimination in business operations, and have adopted the strategy of making donations to government-favored causes to capture the government, win governments’ trust and retrieve a level playing field. With an event study of corporate donations to Wenchuan earthquake relief campaign in 2008, we detect strong and positive market reactions to non-state-controlled donor firms, especially those ex-ante low-efficiency firms operating in regions with a high degree of government intervention, where the ownership-based discrimination is particularly severe and donations can be especially effective in redressing discriminatory treatments. Donor firms also display improvements in long-term performance indicators, which suggests an expansion of business opportunities. We also show that this strategy is fundamentally different from corruption (bribing bureaucrats), and also argue that it differs from corporate political or campaign contributions in mature democracies.

国家引导的市场经济的兴起是世界经济的一个显著发展，中国就是一个典型的例子。在中国国家主导的市场经济体制下，非国有控股企业通常在商业运作中面临歧视，它们采取了向政府支持的事业捐款的策略，以赢得政府的信任，重新获得公平竞争的环境。通过对2008年汶川地震企业捐赠的事件研究，我们发现市场对非国有企业捐赠的反应强烈而积极，特别是那些在政府干预程度高的地区运营的事前低效率企业，在这些地区，基于所有权的歧视特别严重，捐赠在纠正歧视待遇方面特别有效。捐助企业的长期业绩指标也有所改善，这表明商业机会扩大。我们还表明，这种策略从根本上不同于腐败（贿赂官僚），也认为它不同于成熟民主国家的企业政治或竞选捐款。

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引用次数: 0

Gender equality in Asia and Europe during the 20th century: The role of socialism 20世纪亚洲和欧洲的性别平等：社会主义的作用

IF 2.8 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Comparative Economics

Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.03.002

Sophia Jung, Jörg Baten

Whether socialism improved gender equality, or whether the double-burden effect of socialism lowered gender equality, is an unresolved debate. A novel indicator allows to address this question for 88 countries during the 1910s to 1980s period: the adjusted height gap between males and females. Both biological and economic determinants of height gaps need to be considered. The proposed measure is validated through comparisons with relative life expectancies and the Gender Development Index (GDI), demonstrating its utility for tracing gender equality trends. Regression analysis reveals a significant relationship between socialism and improved gender equality within Europe and Asia. The results are confirmed by comparing them to gender equality in education. Robustness checks using staggered Difference-in-Differences methods and instrumental variable estimation suggest a robust and consistently positive relationship between socialism and gender equality.

究竟是社会主义促进了性别平等，还是社会主义的双重负担效应降低了性别平等，这是一个悬而未决的争论。在20世纪10年代至80年代期间，有一个新的指标可以解决88个国家的这个问题：调整后的男女身高差距。需要考虑身高差距的生物和经济决定因素。通过与相对预期寿命和性别发展指数（GDI）的比较，验证了拟议措施的有效性，证明了其在追踪性别平等趋势方面的效用。回归分析显示，在欧洲和亚洲，社会主义与改善性别平等之间存在显著关系。通过与教育中的性别平等进行比较，这一结果得到了证实。稳健性检查使用交错差分法和工具变量估计表明社会主义和性别平等之间存在稳健和持续的积极关系。

引用次数: 0

The effects of rainfall shocks on divorce requests: Evidence from Colonial Senegal 降雨冲击对离婚请求的影响：来自塞内加尔殖民地的证据

IF 2.8 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Comparative Economics

Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.02.004

Karine Marazyan

This paper examines the impact of rainfall variations, as a proxy for agricultural income changes, on divorce requests in colonial Senegal, utilising judicial records from native courts during the period 1906–1922. A major finding is that negative precipitation shocks during the third quarter, which coincides with the growing season of the majority of crops cultivated in Senegal, result in an increase in the number of requests for divorce brought before courts in the following year. The impact appears to be concentrated in specific regions of Senegal and during a period when the agricultural income of farmers may be particularly susceptible to fluctuations in precipitation. The rise in marital dissolution can be attributed to an increase in intra-household conflicts over reduced resource allocation. In the context under consideration, the bride price frequently paid on the occasion of marriage may be viewed by husbands as a transferable asset which they may wish to recuperate by pressuring their wives into filing for divorce. This may serve to exacerbate the issue. This study contributes to the economic history literature by utilising unique colonial court records to document family dynamics in interaction with the economic environment.

本文利用1906-1922年期间当地法院的司法记录，研究了降雨变化对殖民地塞内加尔离婚请求的影响，作为农业收入变化的代理。一项主要发现是，第三季度的负面降水冲击导致次年向法院提出的离婚请求数量增加，而第三季度恰逢塞内加尔种植的大多数作物的生长季节。这种影响似乎集中在塞内加尔的特定地区，而且在农民的农业收入可能特别容易受到降水波动影响的时期。婚姻破裂的增加可归因于因资源分配减少而引起的家庭内部冲突的增加。在审议的情况下，经常在结婚时支付的彩礼可能被丈夫视为可转让的资产，他们可能希望通过迫使妻子提出离婚来收回这笔资产。这可能会使问题恶化。本研究通过利用独特的殖民地法庭记录来记录家庭动态与经济环境的相互作用，为经济史文献做出了贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Freedom from unit roots? The time series properties of democracy and economic freedom 摆脱单位根？民主和经济自由的时间序列特性

IF 2.8 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Comparative Economics

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.02.003

Colin O'Reilly , Ryan H. Murphy

This paper revisits Sobel and Coyne (2011), which finds a cointegrating relationship between democracy and economic freedom. We extend their sample with data published since that time, make use of the second generation of panel unit root and panel cointegration tests, and apply the more comprehensive measure of democracy from Varieties of Democracy. With these methodological improvements in place, we do not find that either economic freedom or democracy has a unit root in the full set of countries studied, and they therefore cannot have a cointegrating relationship. We then apply the methodology developed by Chortareas and Kapetanios (2009) in order to isolate a subset of countries whose institutions may in fact have a cointegrating relationship.

本文回顾了Sobel和Coyne(2011)，他们发现民主与经济自由之间存在协整关系。我们使用自那时以来公布的数据扩展他们的样本，使用第二代面板单位根和面板协整检验，并采用《民主品种》中更全面的民主衡量标准。有了这些方法上的改进，我们没有发现经济自由或民主在所有研究的国家中都有一个单位根，因此它们不能有协整关系。然后，我们应用Chortareas和Kapetanios（2009）开发的方法，以隔离其制度实际上可能具有协整关系的国家子集。

引用次数: 0

Diplomatic relations and agricultural trade 外交关系和农业贸易

IF 2.8 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Comparative Economics

Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.02.001

Zhongda Li , Lu Liu

Political conflicts often cause disruptions in agricultural trade, yet previous studies have not paid much attention to the food market. Focusing on China, this paper examines the impact of diplomatic relations on agricultural trade. We match a panel dataset on agricultural exports to China from 168 trading partners with our constructed ranking index of diplomatic relations. Using different strategies to address the endogeneity issue, our analysis finds robust evidence for a strong and positive effect of diplomatic affinity on bilateral agricultural export flows. Exploring the potential mechanisms, we uncover that the increased agricultural exports work primarily through enhancing bilateral communication. Based on a quantitative trade model with Stone-Geary preferences, we then quantify the welfare effects from changes in diplomatic relations. We show that an increase in the ranking of diplomatic relations with trading partners leads to welfare gains of 0.5-1.8% through agricultural trade.

政治冲突往往会导致农业贸易中断，但以往的研究并未对粮食市场给予太多关注。本文以中国为研究对象，考察外交关系对农业贸易的影响。我们将168个贸易伙伴对中国农产品出口的面板数据集与我们构建的外交关系排名指数相匹配。通过使用不同的策略来解决内生性问题，我们的分析发现了强有力的证据，表明外交亲和对双边农业出口流动具有强大而积极的影响。通过对潜在机制的探讨，我们发现农业出口的增加主要是通过加强双边沟通来实现的。基于Stone-Geary偏好的定量贸易模型，我们量化了外交关系变化带来的福利效应。我们表明，通过农业贸易，与贸易伙伴的外交关系排名的提高会带来0.5-1.8%的福利收益。

引用次数: 0

Conflict and social capital: Evidence from the Russian War against Ukraine 冲突与社会资本：来自俄乌战争的证据

IF 2.8 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Comparative Economics

Pub Date : 2025-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.02.002

Georg Hoch , Andreas Pondorfer , Viktoriia Shkola

This study investigates the relationship between the Russian invasion of Ukraine and social capital. Using survey data of the Ukrainian population, we apply two measures of conflict exposure: geocoded conflict data and self-reported war experience. We find that objective war events are associated with lower levels of prosocial behavior and institutional trust, while subjective war experiences show a positive correlation with prosociality and a negative correlation with institutional trust. These findings highlight the complex interplay between objective and subjective war measures and underscores the importance of considering both quantitative and qualitative aspects of war experiences in understanding their impact on human behavior.

本研究探讨俄罗斯入侵乌克兰与社会资本的关系。利用乌克兰人口的调查数据，我们采用了冲突暴露的两种测量方法：地理编码的冲突数据和自我报告的战争经历。研究发现，客观战争事件与较低水平的亲社会行为和制度信任相关，主观战争经历与亲社会行为呈正相关，与制度信任呈负相关。这些发现突出了客观和主观战争措施之间复杂的相互作用，并强调了在理解战争经验对人类行为的影响时同时考虑战争经验的数量和质量方面的重要性。

引用次数: 0

National identity, public goods, and modern economic development 国家认同、公共产品与现代经济发展

IF 2.8 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Comparative Economics

Pub Date : 2025-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.01.006

Stergios Skaperdas , Patrick A. Testa

Since the Industrial Revolution, large-scale economic development has coincided with the rise of the modern nation-state. We argue that this is not a coincidence. We show how the advent of national identity helped modern states overcome internal conflicts over the distribution of economic benefits to provide public goods and grow. Using a model with elites and commoners, characterized initially by distinct group identities (e.g., ethnicity, class), we show that elites have an incentive to induce commoners to identify with the nation. The more widespread is national identification, the less is conflict between elites and commoners, and the more revenues can be collected and public goods broadly provided. This effect is self-reinforcing: the greater is public goods provision, the greater is the economic status of the nation and thus the psychological return on national identification. Elites’ incentives to induce national identification, however, depend on the presence of political restraints on the elite. We reexamine the historical cases of England (1600–1920) and the United States (1865–present), identifying support for our framework therein.

自工业革命以来，大规模的经济发展与现代民族国家的兴起不约而同。我们认为这不是巧合。我们展示了民族认同的出现如何帮助现代国家克服经济利益分配的内部冲突，以提供公共产品并实现增长。利用精英和平民的模型，我们发现，精英有动机诱导平民认同国家。精英和平民最初以不同的群体身份（如种族、阶级）为特征。国家认同越广泛，精英和平民之间的冲突就越少，就能获得更多的收入，并广泛提供公共产品。这种效应是自我强化的：公共产品提供得越多，国家的经济地位就越高，从而国家认同的心理回报也就越高。然而，精英诱导国家认同的动机取决于对精英的政治约束的存在。我们重新审视了英国（1600-1920）和美国（1865年至今）的历史案例，以确定其中对我们的框架的支持。

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引用次数: 0

Land reform and illegal adoption of children 土地改革和非法收养儿童

IF 2.8 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Comparative Economics

Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.01.002

Yanjun Li , Yu Bai , Masaki Nakabayashi

The paper examines how China’s land reform between 1978 and 1984 altered economic incentives, leading to observable household responses, with involvement in illegal adoption as a key example. The reform transferred land rights from collectives to individual households, granting them control over land-based income and thereby increasing the demand for children as labor and heirs. Leveraging a unique dataset that tracks the inflow of trafficked children and the staggered rollout of the reform, we use triple differences and other identification strategies to demonstrate that land decollectivization significantly increased the illegal adoption of abandoned or abducted children in rural areas. This land usage rights shock was moderated by clan influence, which traditionally valued bloodlines, highlighting the importance of the interaction between culture and institutions.

本文考察了1978年至1984年间中国土地改革如何改变经济激励机制，导致可观察到的家庭反应，并以参与非法收养为一个关键例子。改革将土地所有权从集体转移到个人家庭，使他们能够控制以土地为基础的收入，从而增加了对儿童作为劳动力和继承人的需求。利用追踪被拐卖儿童流入的独特数据集和改革的交错推出，我们使用三重差异和其他识别策略来证明，土地非集体化显著增加了农村地区被遗弃或被拐卖儿童的非法收养。这种土地使用权冲击受到部族影响的缓和，部族传统上重视血统，突出了文化和制度之间相互作用的重要性。

引用次数: 0

The effects of fiscal rules on budget deficit: Does democracy matter? 财政规则对预算赤字的影响：民主重要吗？

IF 2.8 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Comparative Economics

Pub Date : 2025-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.01.005

Bernard Clery Nomo Beyala, Jean Pierre Fouda Owoundi

This paper aims to analyse the extent to which democracy shapes the relationship between fiscal rules and budget deficits. To attain this objective, we estimated different fiscal reaction functions for a sample of 97 countries over the period 1985–2021. Our results show that fiscal rules reduce primary budget deficits. Furthermore, the paper establishes that this effect diminishes with democracy as a marginal increase in fiscal rules strength reduces the primary budget only in weak democracies while in strong democracies they do not, indicating that fiscal rules and democracy are substitutes to attain fiscal discipline. Our results are robust to the exclusion of EU countries members, alternative methods dealing with endogeneity or time-invariant variables and the inclusion of other determinants of primary budget deficit as explanatory variables. This suggests that fiscal rules and democracy are substitutes. However, when dealing with the fiscal framework, we find that fiscal rules and democracy are substitutes only in new democracies and under high indebtedness.

本文旨在分析民主在多大程度上塑造了财政规则与预算赤字之间的关系。为了实现这一目标，我们对1985年至2021年期间97个国家的不同财政反应函数进行了估计。我们的研究结果表明，财政规则减少了初级预算赤字。此外，本文确立了这种效应随着民主而减弱，因为财政规则强度的边际增加只会在薄弱的民主国家减少基本预算，而在强大的民主国家则不会，这表明财政规则和民主是实现财政纪律的替代品。我们的结果在排除欧盟成员国、处理内生性或时不变变量的替代方法以及将初级预算赤字的其他决定因素作为解释变量的情况下是稳健的。这表明财政规则和民主是相互替代的。然而，在处理财政框架时，我们发现财政规则和民主只有在新的民主国家和高负债的情况下才是替代品。

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全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

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