Journal of Comparative Economics最新文献

英文中文

The effects of rainfall shocks on divorce requests: Evidence from Colonial Senegal 降雨冲击对离婚请求的影响：来自塞内加尔殖民地的证据

IF 2.8 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Comparative Economics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.02.004

Karine Marazyan

This paper examines the impact of rainfall variations, as a proxy for agricultural income changes, on divorce requests in colonial Senegal, utilising judicial records from native courts during the period 1906–1922. A major finding is that negative precipitation shocks during the third quarter, which coincides with the growing season of the majority of crops cultivated in Senegal, result in an increase in the number of requests for divorce brought before courts in the following year. The impact appears to be concentrated in specific regions of Senegal and during a period when the agricultural income of farmers may be particularly susceptible to fluctuations in precipitation. The rise in marital dissolution can be attributed to an increase in intra-household conflicts over reduced resource allocation. In the context under consideration, the bride price frequently paid on the occasion of marriage may be viewed by husbands as a transferable asset which they may wish to recuperate by pressuring their wives into filing for divorce. This may serve to exacerbate the issue. This study contributes to the economic history literature by utilising unique colonial court records to document family dynamics in interaction with the economic environment.

本文利用1906-1922年期间当地法院的司法记录，研究了降雨变化对殖民地塞内加尔离婚请求的影响，作为农业收入变化的代理。一项主要发现是，第三季度的负面降水冲击导致次年向法院提出的离婚请求数量增加，而第三季度恰逢塞内加尔种植的大多数作物的生长季节。这种影响似乎集中在塞内加尔的特定地区，而且在农民的农业收入可能特别容易受到降水波动影响的时期。婚姻破裂的增加可归因于因资源分配减少而引起的家庭内部冲突的增加。在审议的情况下，经常在结婚时支付的彩礼可能被丈夫视为可转让的资产，他们可能希望通过迫使妻子提出离婚来收回这笔资产。这可能会使问题恶化。本研究通过利用独特的殖民地法庭记录来记录家庭动态与经济环境的相互作用，为经济史文献做出了贡献。

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引用次数: 0

National identity, public goods, and modern economic development 国家认同、公共产品与现代经济发展

IF 2.8 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Comparative Economics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.01.006

Stergios Skaperdas , Patrick A. Testa

Since the Industrial Revolution, large-scale economic development has coincided with the rise of the modern nation-state. We argue that this is not a coincidence. We show how the advent of national identity helped modern states overcome internal conflicts over the distribution of economic benefits to provide public goods and grow. Using a model with elites and commoners, characterized initially by distinct group identities (e.g., ethnicity, class), we show that elites have an incentive to induce commoners to identify with the nation. The more widespread is national identification, the less is conflict between elites and commoners, and the more revenues can be collected and public goods broadly provided. This effect is self-reinforcing: the greater is public goods provision, the greater is the economic status of the nation and thus the psychological return on national identification. Elites’ incentives to induce national identification, however, depend on the presence of political restraints on the elite. We reexamine the historical cases of England (1600–1920) and the United States (1865–present), identifying support for our framework therein.

自工业革命以来，大规模的经济发展与现代民族国家的兴起不约而同。我们认为这不是巧合。我们展示了民族认同的出现如何帮助现代国家克服经济利益分配的内部冲突，以提供公共产品并实现增长。利用精英和平民的模型，我们发现，精英有动机诱导平民认同国家。精英和平民最初以不同的群体身份（如种族、阶级）为特征。国家认同越广泛，精英和平民之间的冲突就越少，就能获得更多的收入，并广泛提供公共产品。这种效应是自我强化的：公共产品提供得越多，国家的经济地位就越高，从而国家认同的心理回报也就越高。然而，精英诱导国家认同的动机取决于对精英的政治约束的存在。我们重新审视了英国（1600-1920）和美国（1865年至今）的历史案例，以确定其中对我们的框架的支持。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of rainfall on productivity: Implications for Chinese manufacturing 降雨对生产率的影响：对中国制造业的启示

IF 2.8 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Comparative Economics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.03.005

Xiaodong Chen , Yatang Lin , Pengyu Zhu

Rainfall affects productivity in many ways. Compared to temperature anomalies, the impacts of precipitation anomalies have been understudied, with existing evidence at the macro level. By combining ground station-level climate data and micro-data from half a million manufacturing firms in China, we uncover that rainfall negatively impacts firms’ productivity, with the most significant negative impacts concentrated in extremely heavy rainfall anomalies. Labor-intensive, low-tech, or less productive firms and those located in rainy regions are vulnerable to rainfall extremes. Our estimates are large enough to explain previously observed output losses in cross-country panels. We uncover three primary channels through which manufacturing firms experience productivity loss: reduction in labor, agriculture intermediate inputs and transportation disruptions. We also identify several margins of adaptation. Utilizing the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways Scenarios (SSPs), we estimate the future impact of rainfall on productivity in a cost-benefit analysis. Our projections indicate a substantial output loss of 2.4–14.9 billion CNY by 2100, due to the increase in extreme rainfall events under each scenario with different implementation of environmental policies.

降雨在许多方面影响生产力。与温度异常相比，降水异常的影响研究还不够充分，在宏观层面上已有证据。通过结合地面站水平的气候数据和中国50万家制造业企业的微观数据，我们发现降雨对企业的生产力产生了负面影响，其中最显著的负面影响集中在极端强降雨异常中。劳动密集型、低技术含量或生产率较低的企业以及位于多雨地区的企业容易受到极端降雨的影响。我们的估计足够大，可以解释以前观察到的跨国面板的产量损失。我们发现制造业企业经历生产力损失的三个主要渠道：劳动力减少、农业中间投入和运输中断。我们还确定了几个适应范围。利用共享社会经济路径情景（ssp），我们在成本效益分析中估计了降雨对生产力的未来影响。我们的预测表明，到2100年，由于不同环境政策实施情景下极端降雨事件的增加，产量损失将达到24 - 149亿元人民币。

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引用次数: 0

Conflict and social capital: Evidence from the Russian War against Ukraine 冲突与社会资本：来自俄乌战争的证据

IF 2.8 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Comparative Economics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.02.002

Georg Hoch , Andreas Pondorfer , Viktoriia Shkola

This study investigates the relationship between the Russian invasion of Ukraine and social capital. Using survey data of the Ukrainian population, we apply two measures of conflict exposure: geocoded conflict data and self-reported war experience. We find that objective war events are associated with lower levels of prosocial behavior and institutional trust, while subjective war experiences show a positive correlation with prosociality and a negative correlation with institutional trust. These findings highlight the complex interplay between objective and subjective war measures and underscores the importance of considering both quantitative and qualitative aspects of war experiences in understanding their impact on human behavior.

本研究探讨俄罗斯入侵乌克兰与社会资本的关系。利用乌克兰人口的调查数据，我们采用了冲突暴露的两种测量方法：地理编码的冲突数据和自我报告的战争经历。研究发现，客观战争事件与较低水平的亲社会行为和制度信任相关，主观战争经历与亲社会行为呈正相关，与制度信任呈负相关。这些发现突出了客观和主观战争措施之间复杂的相互作用，并强调了在理解战争经验对人类行为的影响时同时考虑战争经验的数量和质量方面的重要性。

引用次数: 0

The growth consequences of socialism 社会主义发展的结果

IF 2.8 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Comparative Economics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.04.003

Andreas Bergh , Christian Bjørnskov , Luděk Kouba

The discussion of the growth consequences of socialism has fulminated for a century, sparked off by the Calculation Debate in the 1920s and 30s, and has concerned the performance of the Soviet Union in the 1950s and the mixed development in the 1990s after communism collapsed in Central and Eastern Europe. We aim to inform these debates by providing an empirical assessment of how socialist economies performed across the second half of the 20th century. Using both neighbour comparisons as well as more formal empirical analysis of developing countries that turned socialist after independence, we derive a set of estimates of the degree to which the introduction of a planned socialist economy affects long-run growth and development. Our results robustly point towards a decrease in annual growth rates of approximately two percentage points during the first decade after implementing socialism.

关于社会主义增长后果的讨论已经持续了一个世纪，由20世纪20年代和30年代的“计算之争”引发，并涉及到20世纪50年代苏联的表现，以及20世纪90年代共产主义在中欧和东欧垮台后的混合发展。我们的目标是通过对社会主义经济在20世纪下半叶的表现进行实证评估，为这些辩论提供信息。通过对邻国的比较以及对独立后转向社会主义的发展中国家的更正式的实证分析，我们得出了一组关于引入计划社会主义经济对长期增长和发展的影响程度的估计。我们的研究结果有力地表明，在实行社会主义后的第一个十年里，中国的年增长率将下降大约两个百分点。

引用次数: 0

Getting back a level playing field under state-guided market economy: Evidence from quake donations by non-state-controlled companies in China 在国家引导的市场经济下恢复公平竞争：来自中国非国有企业地震捐款的证据

IF 2.8 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Comparative Economics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.03.004

Julan Du , Yi Lu , Zhigang Tao , Yan Zhang

The rise of state-guided market economy is a striking development in the world economy, and China is one leading example. Under China's state-guided market economy, non-state-controlled corporations typically face discrimination in business operations, and have adopted the strategy of making donations to government-favored causes to capture the government, win governments’ trust and retrieve a level playing field. With an event study of corporate donations to Wenchuan earthquake relief campaign in 2008, we detect strong and positive market reactions to non-state-controlled donor firms, especially those ex-ante low-efficiency firms operating in regions with a high degree of government intervention, where the ownership-based discrimination is particularly severe and donations can be especially effective in redressing discriminatory treatments. Donor firms also display improvements in long-term performance indicators, which suggests an expansion of business opportunities. We also show that this strategy is fundamentally different from corruption (bribing bureaucrats), and also argue that it differs from corporate political or campaign contributions in mature democracies.

国家引导的市场经济的兴起是世界经济的一个显著发展，中国就是一个典型的例子。在中国国家主导的市场经济体制下，非国有控股企业通常在商业运作中面临歧视，它们采取了向政府支持的事业捐款的策略，以赢得政府的信任，重新获得公平竞争的环境。通过对2008年汶川地震企业捐赠的事件研究，我们发现市场对非国有企业捐赠的反应强烈而积极，特别是那些在政府干预程度高的地区运营的事前低效率企业，在这些地区，基于所有权的歧视特别严重，捐赠在纠正歧视待遇方面特别有效。捐助企业的长期业绩指标也有所改善，这表明商业机会扩大。我们还表明，这种策略从根本上不同于腐败（贿赂官僚），也认为它不同于成熟民主国家的企业政治或竞选捐款。

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引用次数: 0

Freedom from unit roots? The time series properties of democracy and economic freedom 摆脱单位根？民主和经济自由的时间序列特性

IF 2.8 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Comparative Economics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.02.003

Colin O'Reilly , Ryan H. Murphy

This paper revisits Sobel and Coyne (2011), which finds a cointegrating relationship between democracy and economic freedom. We extend their sample with data published since that time, make use of the second generation of panel unit root and panel cointegration tests, and apply the more comprehensive measure of democracy from Varieties of Democracy. With these methodological improvements in place, we do not find that either economic freedom or democracy has a unit root in the full set of countries studied, and they therefore cannot have a cointegrating relationship. We then apply the methodology developed by Chortareas and Kapetanios (2009) in order to isolate a subset of countries whose institutions may in fact have a cointegrating relationship.

本文回顾了Sobel和Coyne(2011)，他们发现民主与经济自由之间存在协整关系。我们使用自那时以来公布的数据扩展他们的样本，使用第二代面板单位根和面板协整检验，并采用《民主品种》中更全面的民主衡量标准。有了这些方法上的改进，我们没有发现经济自由或民主在所有研究的国家中都有一个单位根，因此它们不能有协整关系。然后，我们应用Chortareas和Kapetanios（2009）开发的方法，以隔离其制度实际上可能具有协整关系的国家子集。

引用次数: 0

The shadow of slavery on industrial innovation: Evidence from the US South 奴隶制对工业创新的影响：来自美国南方的证据

IF 2.8 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Comparative Economics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.03.003

Yeonha Jung , Chungeun Yoon

The abolition of American slavery was a profound shock to the southern economy, but little is known about its effect on industrial innovation. This study hypothesizes that historical slave concentration was followed by a slowdown in industrial innovation after the Civil War, due to technical change biased toward unskilled labor. Moreover, given the shifts in labor market conditions in the postbellum South, we propose that this relationship became evident after Reconstruction. County-level evidence supports this hypothesis; counties where slavery was more prevalent in 1860 experienced a relative decline in manufacturing patents in the post-Reconstruction period. The role of technical change as a mechanism is supported in two dimensions. First, the reduction in innovation was more pronounced in low-skill industries, which were better suited to unskill-biased technical change. Second, the return to literacy in the industrial sector decreased with the historical prevalence of slavery, a finding that suggests a decline in skill demand.

美国奴隶制的废除对南方经济造成了深刻的冲击，但它对工业创新的影响却鲜为人知。本研究假设，历史上奴隶集中之后，由于技术变革偏向于非熟练劳动力，内战后工业创新放缓。此外，考虑到南北战争后南方劳动力市场状况的变化，我们认为这种关系在重建后变得明显。县级证据支持这一假设；1860年奴隶制更为盛行的县在重建后的时期制造业专利数量相对下降。技术变革作为一种机制的作用在两个方面得到了支持。首先，创新的减少在低技能行业更为明显，这些行业更适合非技能偏向的技术变革。其次，随着历史上奴隶制的盛行，工业部门的识字率下降，这一发现表明技能需求下降。

引用次数: 0

Slavery and collectivism in the postbellum American South 战后美国南方的奴隶制和集体主义

IF 2.8 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Comparative Economics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.03.006

Yeonha Jung

The deep marks of American slavery extend to cultural traits. This study suggests that historical slave concentration was followed by more collectivist cultures, with this relationship becoming evident after Reconstruction. Our proposed mechanism rests on the interaction between slavery and subsequent institutional changes: historical prevalence of slavery led to a stronger implementation of post-Reconstruction policies aimed at restoring the racial hierarchy, contributing to the reinforcement of group identity and collectivism. County-level evidence supports this hypothesis. Using the share of uncommon names as a proxy for individualism-collectivism, we show that the relationship between slavery and collectivism emerged after Reconstruction. Beyond the temporal coincidence, we present a case study on anti-enticement laws to investigate the institutional mechanism of this cultural shift. The cultural legacy of slavery persists to this day, as evidenced by survey-based outcomes and measures of civic engagement.

美国奴隶制的深刻印记延伸到了文化特征上。这项研究表明，历史上的奴隶集中之后是更多的集体主义文化，这种关系在重建后变得明显。我们提出的机制基于奴隶制与随后的制度变迁之间的相互作用：奴隶制的历史盛行导致了旨在恢复种族等级制度的重建后政策的更有力实施，有助于加强群体认同和集体主义。县级证据支持这一假设。我们使用罕见名字的比例作为个人主义-集体主义的代表，表明奴隶制和集体主义之间的关系出现在重建之后。除了时间上的巧合，我们提出了一个关于反引诱法的案例研究，以探讨这种文化转变的制度机制。奴隶制的文化遗产一直延续到今天，基于调查的结果和公民参与的措施证明了这一点。

引用次数: 0

The impact of black economic empowerment on the performance of listed firms in South Africa 黑人经济赋权对南非上市公司绩效的影响

IF 2.8 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Comparative Economics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.04.004

Matthias Busse , Nina Kupzig , Tim Vogel

Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) is a policy that aims to empower previously disadvantaged individuals and decrease racial economic inequality in South Africa. As the program puts reformation pressure on firms, it might strongly influence firm performance. This article examines how BEE affects turnover, profits, and labour productivity of firms listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). We use an extensive dataset covering a major share of listed firms between 2004 and 2019. The analysis employs fixed-effects regressions and the system GMM approach to account for endogeneity. Subsample analyses are used to account for heterogeneity in BEE scores. Overall, we find that BEE tends to have a small positive impact on firms’ turnover, a positive but not robust impact on labour productivity, and no impact on profits. Larger JSE-listed firms drive the positive effect on turnover. We conclude that BEE had a slightly positive effect on large JSE firms in the best case but also did not harm JSE firms in the worst case. To increase the benefits of BEE, we propose that the policy should be further adapted to reduce the cost of compliance and focus on areas that enhance structural change in South African companies, like skills development.

黑人经济赋权（BEE）是一项旨在赋予南非以前处于不利地位的个人权力并减少种族经济不平等的政策。由于该计划给企业带来了改革压力，因此有可能对企业业绩产生很大影响。本文考察了BEE如何影响在约翰内斯堡证券交易所（JSE）上市的公司的营业额、利润和劳动生产率。我们使用了一个广泛的数据集，涵盖了2004年至2019年期间上市公司的主要份额。分析采用固定效应回归和系统GMM方法来解释内生性。子样本分析用于解释BEE分数的异质性。总体而言，我们发现BEE倾向于对企业营业额有小的正向影响，对劳动生产率有积极但不强烈的影响，对利润没有影响。较大的日本证券交易所上市公司对营业额产生积极影响。我们得出结论，在最好的情况下，BEE对大型JSE公司有轻微的积极影响，但在最坏的情况下，也没有伤害JSE公司。为了提高BEE的效益，我们建议进一步调整政策，以降低合规成本，并将重点放在促进南非公司结构变革的领域，如技能发展。

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