Journal of Comparative Economics最新文献

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The aggregate and distributional effects of immigration restrictions: The 1920s Quota Acts and the Great Black Migration 移民限制的总量和分配效应：20世纪20年代的配额法案和大黑人移民

IF 2.8 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Comparative Economics

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.12.004

Bin Xie

Using county-level data and linked individual samples, this study explores the labor market impact of the immigration shock triggered by the US immigration quota system and its causal effect on the Great Black Migration. County-level analysis indicates that immigration restrictions did not affect average manufacturing wages and lowered the average occupational standings of US-born whites and immigrants. Analysis of linked individual samples reveals substantial internal migration and distributional effect caused by the immigration shock: migrants moving to counties more impacted by the shock experienced greater economic gains, while non-movers suffered greater losses. Notably, the negative immigration shock led to a marked increase in the migration of Black southerners to northern counties. Black migrants moving to more affected areas achieved higher occupational standings, increased literacy rates, and greater employment in urban manufacturing jobs.

本研究利用县级数据和关联的个体样本，探讨了美国移民配额制度引发的移民冲击对劳动力市场的影响及其对黑人大迁徙的因果效应。县级分析表明，移民限制并未影响制造业的平均工资，并降低了美国出生的白人和移民的平均职业排名。对相关个体样本的分析显示，移民冲击造成了实质性的内部迁移和分配效应：向受冲击影响更大的县迁移的移民获得了更大的经济收益，而非迁入县的移民遭受了更大的损失。值得注意的是，负面的移民冲击导致南方黑人移民到北方县的人数显著增加。迁移到受影响更严重地区的黑人移民获得了更高的职业地位，提高了识字率，并在城市制造业中获得了更多的就业机会。

引用次数: 0

Land reform and illegal adoption of children 土地改革和非法收养儿童

IF 2.8 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Comparative Economics

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.01.002

Yanjun Li , Yu Bai , Masaki Nakabayashi

The paper examines how China’s land reform between 1978 and 1984 altered economic incentives, leading to observable household responses, with involvement in illegal adoption as a key example. The reform transferred land rights from collectives to individual households, granting them control over land-based income and thereby increasing the demand for children as labor and heirs. Leveraging a unique dataset that tracks the inflow of trafficked children and the staggered rollout of the reform, we use triple differences and other identification strategies to demonstrate that land decollectivization significantly increased the illegal adoption of abandoned or abducted children in rural areas. This land usage rights shock was moderated by clan influence, which traditionally valued bloodlines, highlighting the importance of the interaction between culture and institutions.

本文考察了1978年至1984年间中国土地改革如何改变经济激励机制，导致可观察到的家庭反应，并以参与非法收养为一个关键例子。改革将土地所有权从集体转移到个人家庭，使他们能够控制以土地为基础的收入，从而增加了对儿童作为劳动力和继承人的需求。利用追踪被拐卖儿童流入的独特数据集和改革的交错推出，我们使用三重差异和其他识别策略来证明，土地非集体化显著增加了农村地区被遗弃或被拐卖儿童的非法收养。这种土地使用权冲击受到部族影响的缓和，部族传统上重视血统，突出了文化和制度之间相互作用的重要性。

引用次数: 0

Economic effects of (non-)compliance with constitutions （不）遵守宪法的经济影响

IF 2.8 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Comparative Economics

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.12.006

Anna Lewczuk, Katarzyna Metelska-Szaniawska

Constitutional non-compliance, understood as non-congruence between provisions written in countries’ constitutions and the behavior of their governments, has recently become the focus of economic analysis. While other studies concentrate on the reasons behind this phenomenon, we are interested in its economic effects. We argue that non-compliance with constitutions is associated with lower GDP per capita and test our hypothesis empirically for more than 150 countries in the period 1960–2019 using the new Comparative Constitutional Compliance Database and a dynamic panel strategy. Our study confirms adverse economic effects of constitutional violations and this, in particular, in the area of property rights protection and the rule of law. In addition, we indicate groups of countries, where (non-)compliance with constitutions is of particular relevance, as well as identify the mechanisms behind these effects. Our findings contribute to several strands of literature at the nexus of constitutional political economy and development economics.

宪法不遵守，被理解为国家宪法规定与政府行为之间的不一致，最近成为经济分析的焦点。当其他研究集中在这一现象背后的原因时，我们感兴趣的是它的经济影响。我们认为不遵守宪法与较低的人均GDP有关，并使用新的比较宪法遵守数据库和动态面板策略对1960-2019年150多个国家的假设进行了实证检验。我们的研究证实了违反宪法的不利经济影响，特别是在财产权保护和法治方面。此外，我们指出了（不）遵守宪法特别相关的国家集团，并确定了这些影响背后的机制。我们的发现有助于在宪法政治经济学和发展经济学的关系的几个方面的文献。

引用次数: 0

Land reform and health endowments at birth 土地改革和出生时的健康禀赋

IF 2.8 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Comparative Economics

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.11.001

Yawen Ding , Xiaobing Wang , Huayu Xu

This study examines the impact of China's Household Responsibility System (HRS) reform—a significant land reform that boosted labor productivity in rural areas—on birth outcomes. Leveraging the staggered rollout of the reform across counties and data from the earliest available fertility surveys in China, we provide evidence that prenatal exposure to the reform leads to an average increase in birth weight of about 55 grams. Further analyses suggest that this improvement is most likely driven by better nutrition during gestation, rather than improved access to prenatal health care or an increase in selective births. Moreover, this effect is more pronounced in areas where women have a comparative advantage in agricultural production, underscoring the critical role of women's economic standing in shaping child health outcomes.

本研究考察了中国家庭联产责任制（HRS）改革对出生结果的影响，这是一项重大的土地改革，提高了农村地区的劳动生产率。我们利用中国各县交错推行的计生改革和最早可获得的生育率调查数据，提供了证据表明，产前接触计生改革导致出生体重平均增加约55克。进一步的分析表明，这种改善很可能是由于妊娠期间营养的改善，而不是产前保健的改善或选择性分娩的增加。此外，这种影响在妇女在农业生产方面具有相对优势的地区更为明显，强调了妇女的经济地位在形成儿童健康结果方面的关键作用。

引用次数: 0

Globalization of capital flows and the (in)disciplining of nations 资本流动的全球化和国家的纪律

IF 2.8 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Comparative Economics

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.12.005

Arthur Blouin , Sayantan Ghosal , Sharun W. Mukand

We analyze whether the threat of capital flight “disciplines” governments and improves governance. Our findings show that the globalization of capital flows influences governance through two competing channels. When a government effectively manages domestic governance, it seeks to minimize exposure to sudden capital flight driven by external factors. In contrast, when a government fails to manage domestic governance, the threat of capital flight can impose discipline, improving governance and welfare by placing the country in a “golden straitjacket”—the disciplining effect. However, capital flight may also negatively affect governance quality. As a result, this paper proposes a novel and qualified role for modest capital controls. Finally, we present evidence consistent with the predictions of our theoretical framework.

我们分析了资本外逃的威胁是否“约束”了政府并改善了治理。我们的研究结果表明，资本流动的全球化通过两个相互竞争的渠道影响治理。当一个政府有效地管理国内治理时，它会寻求将受外部因素驱动的突然资本外逃的风险降到最低。相反，当一个政府未能管理好国内治理时，资本外逃的威胁可以强制实行纪律，通过将国家置于“黄金紧身衣”——纪律效应——来改善治理和福利。然而，资本外逃也可能对治理质量产生负面影响。因此，本文提出了适度资本管制的一个新的、合格的角色。最后，我们提出了与我们的理论框架预测一致的证据。

引用次数: 0

Economics of majoritarian identity politics 多数主义认同政治的经济学

IF 2.8 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Comparative Economics

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.01.004

Rohit Ticku , Raghul S. Venkatesh

Majoritarian identity politics has become salient in representative democracies. Why do parties engage in identity politics, and what are its consequences? We present a model of electoral competition in which parties capture voter groups based on their identity, and compete over an economic policy platform for the support of non-partisan voters. In addition, the party that caters to majoritarian interests makes a costly investment in polarizing identity. The investment provides subsequent payoffs to voters who have a preference for identity. When voter preferences over policy platforms are idiosyncratic in nature, greater investment in polarizing identity (i) increases both parties’ rents from office; and (ii) marginalizes minority voter interests. Further, the majoritarian party substitutes away from economic policy platforms. This enhances its overall payoffs in equilibrium and decreases that of the opposition party. We discuss the implications in the context of episodes of majoritarian identity politics in India, Turkey, Brazil, and the United States.

多数主义的身份政治在代议制民主中已经变得十分突出。政党为什么要参与身份政治，其后果是什么？我们提出了一个选举竞争模型，在这个模型中，政党根据他们的身份获得选民群体，并在一个经济政策平台上竞争，以获得无党派选民的支持。此外，迎合多数主义利益的政党在两极分化的身份上进行了昂贵的投资。这种投资为那些对身份有偏好的选民提供了后续回报。当选民对政策纲领的偏好在本质上是特殊的，对两极分化身份的更大投资(1)增加了两党从办公室的租金；(2)边缘化少数族裔选民的利益。此外，多数派政党在经济政策平台上进行了替代。这提高了它的总体均衡收益，减少了反对党的均衡收益。本文以印度、土耳其、巴西和美国的多数主义身份政治为背景，讨论其影响。

引用次数: 0

Gendered language and gendered violence 性别语言和性别暴力

IF 2.8 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Comparative Economics

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.08.008

Lewis Davis , Astghik Mavisakalyan , Clas Weber

This study establishes the influence of sex-based grammatical gender on gendered violence. We demonstrate a statistically significant relationship between speaking a gendered language and the incidence of intimate partner violence in a cross-section of countries. Motivated by this evidence, we conduct an individual-level analysis of the effect of speaking a gendered language on beliefs about the justifiability of intimate partner violence, controlling for a wide variety of individual level socioeconomic characteristics as well as country, religion, language family and ethnicity fixed effects. Speaking a gendered language is associated with the belief that intimate partner violence is justifiable. Our results are consistent with complementarity between the cultural and cognitive effects of language on the attitudes to intimate partner violence.

本研究确立了基于性别的语法性别对性别暴力的影响。我们在国家的横截面中证明了说性别语言与亲密伴侣暴力发生率之间的统计显著关系。在此证据的激励下，我们对使用性别语言对亲密伴侣暴力的正当性信念的影响进行了个人层面的分析，控制了各种个人层面的社会经济特征以及国家、宗教、语言家庭和种族的固定影响。说带有性别色彩的语言与认为亲密伴侣的暴力是正当的信念有关。我们的研究结果与语言对亲密伴侣暴力态度的文化和认知影响之间的互补性是一致的。

引用次数: 0

Measuring the attitude towards a European public budget: A cross-country experiment 衡量对欧洲公共预算的态度：一项跨国实验

IF 2.8 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Comparative Economics

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.08.003

Marco Catola , Pietro Guarnieri , Veronica Pizziol , Chiara Rapallini

We use a multilevel public goods game to investigate attitudes towards national public budgets and a European public budget in six Member States of the European Union: Italy, Germany, France, The Netherlands, Poland, and Portugal. We test to what extent propensities to contribute to public goods differ across countries. Using two efficiency treatments, we also test whether each country group adjusts its contribution when the relative efficiency of the public goods changes. We find no differences across countries in the propensity to contribute to either public budget. Moreover, all country groups level up their contribution to the European public good following an increase in its relative efficiency. We also devise a questionnaire to assess the impact of a sense of identity on contribution decisions and to control for the impact of COVID-19 and the current war in Ukraine on country and EU perceptions.

我们使用一个多层次的公共产品博弈来调查六个欧盟成员国（意大利、德国、法国、荷兰、波兰和葡萄牙）对国家公共预算和欧洲公共预算的态度。我们测试了各国对公共产品贡献的倾向在多大程度上存在差异。使用两种效率处理方法，我们还检验了当公共产品的相对效率发生变化时，每个国家集团是否会调整其贡献。我们发现，各国在向公共预算捐款的倾向上没有差异。此外，在欧洲公共利益的相对效率提高后，所有国家集团都提高了对欧洲公共利益的贡献。我们还设计了一份问卷，以评估认同感对捐款决策的影响，并控制COVID-19和当前乌克兰战争对国家和欧盟看法的影响。

引用次数: 0

The impact of anti-corruption on mental health: Evidence from China 反腐对心理健康的影响：来自中国的证据

IF 2.8 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Comparative Economics

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.07.003

Jiawei Fu , Congyi Zhou

Mental health directly influences individuals’ behaviors and decision-making processes, particularly for government officials grappling with mental health issues. This paper utilizes field data from China’s anti-corruption campaign to evaluate the campaign’s impact on mental health. Our findings indicate that depressive symptoms, as measured by CES-D8 scores, have risen significantly among government employees by 0.4 units per 100 increase in corruption investigation cases. This result suggests that the anti-corruption campaign within a year could potentially result in an average increase of 29% in depressive symptoms among government employees. Interestingly, no comparable effect was found among the general Chinese population. This discrepancy could be attributed to the transformative impact of the anti-corruption campaign on the internal governmental work environment, engendering stress among its employees.

心理健康直接影响到个人的行为和决策过程，尤其是对政府官员来说。本文利用中国反腐运动的实地数据来评估反腐运动对心理健康的影响。我们的研究结果表明，以CES-D8分数衡量的抑郁症状在政府雇员中显著上升，腐败调查案件每增加100个单位增加0.4个单位。这一结果表明，一年内的反腐运动可能会导致政府雇员抑郁症状平均增加29%。有趣的是，在普通中国人中没有发现类似的效果。这种差异可以归因于反腐败运动对政府内部工作环境的变革性影响，在其员工中产生压力。

引用次数: 0

Canal and trade: Transportation infrastructure and market integration in China, 1780–1911 运河与贸易：中国的运输基础设施与市场整合，1780-1911

IF 2.8 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Comparative Economics

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.08.006

Shuo Chen , Jianan Li , Qin Yao

This paper explores the role of transportation infrastructure in pre-modern economic development by investigating the historical canal's closure. We quantify the effects of closing China's Grand Canal in 1826 by disastrous flooding, the world's largest and oldest manmade waterway, on market integration. We use archived grain prices from 1780 to 1911 and find that the canal's closure led to a 30% decline in market integration; this impact lasted for more than 70 years. Our results are robust while addressing the alternative measures of market integration, potential spillovers from treated groups to control groups, influences of forced openness, and potential measurement errors and standard error adjustments. We find evidence consistent with increasing transportation costs and information friction as the main potential mechanisms. Our findings highlight the importance of transportation infrastructure in reducing arbitrage costs and provide new evidence which is important to explain the process of the Great Divergence between China and Europe.

本文通过考察历史上运河的关闭，探讨了交通基础设施在前现代经济发展中的作用。我们量化了1826年因灾难性洪水而关闭中国大运河（世界上最大、最古老的人造水道）对市场整合的影响。我们使用了1780年至1911年的存档谷物价格，发现运河的关闭导致市场一体化下降了30%；这种影响持续了70多年。我们的研究结果是稳健的，同时也解决了市场整合的替代措施，从实验组到对照组的潜在溢出效应，强制开放的影响，以及潜在的测量误差和标准误差调整。我们发现的证据表明，运输成本的增加和信息摩擦是主要的潜在机制。我们的研究结果强调了交通基础设施在降低套利成本方面的重要性，并为解释中欧大分化的过程提供了重要的新证据。

引用次数: 0

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