Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences最新文献

Background

Despite rising public awareness and improvements in diagnostic and treatment methods, there are adverse effects brought on by drug resistance, an increase in overall treatment costs, and unanticipated side effects from pharmaceuticals.

Main body

Therefore, efforts for development strategy that is more efficient, more affordable, and more secure are underway. Such a strategy involves employing naturally occurring phytochemicals to delay the beginning, prevent it from happening, or treat it, and it sparks an increase in interest in studies looking for an effective agent in herbs and other plant materials used in traditional medicines. Urolithins are polyphenol chemicals generated by the gut microbiota studied for potential health benefits and have a high bioavailability. After being ingested, urolithins can move throughout the body and mediate in different locations. Urolithins are studied for over 40 years, but their mechanistic role has been explored recently in understanding their potential health benefits.

Short conclusion

This review gives an overview of the current Urolithin A research on human health. The findings highlight the importance of exploring the potential of urolithins as a natural compound for therapeutic applications. Elucidating the mechanisms behind the disease process and pinpointing candidate molecules and pathways to target preventive and therapeutic intervention are the need of the hour.

Background

Numerical methods are used to solve differential equations, but few are effective for nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) of order higher than one. This paper proposes a new method for such ODEs, based on Taylor series expansion. The new method is a second-order method for second-order ODEs, and it is equivalent to the central difference method, a well-known method for solving differential equations. The new method is also simple to implement for higher-order differential equations. The proposed technique was applied to solve the Van der Pol and Van der Pol–Duffing equations. It is stable over a wide range of nonlinearity and produces accurate and reliable results. For the self-excitation Van der Pol equation, the proposed technique was applied with different values of nonlinear damping.

Results

The results were compared with those obtained using the ODE15s solver in MATLAB. The two sets of results showed excellent agreement. For the forced Van der Pol–Duffing equation, the proposed technique was applied with different values of exciting force amplitude and frequency. It was found that for certain conditions, the solution obtained using the proposed technique differed from that obtained using ODE15s.

Conclusions

The solution obtained using the proposed technique showed good agreement with the solutions obtained using ODE45 and Runge–Kutta fourth order. The results show that the proposed approach is very simple to apply and produces acceptable error. It is a powerful and versatile tool for solving of high-order nonlinear differential equations accurately.

Background

The nomenclature surrounding the 'flexor digiti minimi brevis' muscle prompts deliberation concerning its accuracy and potential variations. Addressing this uncertainty entails expunging the term 'brevis' from nomenclature references to the muscle, opting instead for the term 'flexor digiti minimi.' This nomenclatural adjustment currently being advocated raises inquiries about the necessity for descriptors denoting the muscle's specific placement along the upper or lower extremities. This study was conducted with a dual objective: to illuminate this topic and consolidate existing research on this issue.

Main body of the abstract

Research encompassing the terms 'flexor digiti minimi' OR 'flexor digiti minimi brevis' was screened within this field. The inclusion criteria involved original articles, case reports, case series, relevant books, and book chapters. Excluded from this review were articles mentioning 'flexor digiti minimi' and 'digiti minimi' that were unrelated to the subject, as well as poster presentations, proceedings, conference materials, abstracts, and atlases.

Short conclusion

In summary, changing the name of the muscle enhances anatomical understanding, promotes clarity and precision in communication, facilitates research efforts, and helps prevent confusion in medical education and clinical practice. These benefits highlight the importance of revising nomenclature to reflect anatomical accuracy and improve healthcare outcomes. It also promotes consistency in studies and allows for more meaningful comparisons across studies, ultimately advancing our understanding of anatomical variations and their clinical significance. Furthermore, it allows for more effective teaching and learning experiences, enabling medical practitioners to make accurate diagnoses, develop effective treatment strategies.

Background

The electronic transitions between two fine levels depend on the transition probability. The transition probability depends on spectral line strength and oscillator strength. The oscillator strength depends on the number of oscillators and their energies. In this research, we will find the oscillator strengths of hyperfine multiplets of the Tantalum atom. The oscillator strength of hyperfine multiplet investigation aims to enhance our understanding of Tantalum's spectral characteristics. This work provides valuable information in the spectroscopy of material, atomic/molecular, and astrophysics.

Result

Fourier transform spectra from ultraviolet to far infrared regions have been obtained from TUGRAZ. Fourier transform spectra give the most reliable position of the wavelength of hyperfine multiplets. The Fourier transform spectra of Tantalum contain thousands of Tantalum I and II spectral lines. Each spectral line can be characterized by its upper and lower levels and corresponding angular momenta and hyperfine constants. These properties of the spectral lines were collected from the literature. Hyperfine multiplets for each fine structure were calculated, and they revealed their spectroscopic behavior with high precision.

Conclusion

In this study, Tantalum's hyperfine multiplet oscillator strength was calculated using advanced computational techniques to address its atomic structure. The fine structure “gf” values were obtained from literature, and intensities of the multiplets were determined. They combined with the gf values to calculate the oscillator strengths of the hyperfine multiplets.

Background

Barely Hordeum vulgare L. is considered one of the most important cereal crops with economic and industrial importance in the world, but its productivity is affected by climate change and abiotic stresses. One of the most recent and important microbiological promising aspects is the use of associated microorganisms, especially the endophytic bacteria producers for non-ribosomal peptides which play an important role in promoting plant growth, productivity, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. This work aims to identify vertically transferred or inherited endophytic bacterial communities in barely seeds, detect the presence of non-ribosomal peptides from these isolated endophytic strains and study their effect on protein patterns as a response to salinity stress.

Results

From two different tolerant (Giza 126) and sensitive (Giza 123) barely seeds cultivars, six different endophytic bacterial strains were isolated and identified using 16S rRNA. Bacterial strains belonged to Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Staphylococcus and Acinetobacter genera. Three of them have been isolated from both sensitive and tolerant barely cultivar (Uncultured Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter and Priestia endophytica or Bacillus endophyticus), while the other three endophytes have been isolated uniquely from the tolerant barely cultivar (Paenibacillus glucanolyticus, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus sp.). Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases genes NRPs of two lipopeptide families; surfactins and kurstakins have been detected using both bioinformatic analysis and degenerate primers. On the other hand, fragments similar to NRPs genes might be considered new NRPS molecules in Paenibacillus glucanolyticus, Acinetobacter and Priestia endophytica which have been detected using degenerate primers and required whole genome sequencing. The effect of soaking barely seeds exposed to 2.5% NaCl using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis revealed the presence of 24 bands, 10 of them were monomorphic with 41.5%, and 14 were polymorphic with 58.5% polymorphism.

Conclusion

The overnight soaking and co-cultivation of isolated endophytic strains with barely seeds before planting proved their capability in conferring salt stress tolerance to barely seedlings which appeared in protein patterns. We could consider these barely seeds endophytic among the PGPR strains promising to improve plant growth during abiotic stresses.

Background

The rapid expansion of modern smart applications, demanding faster data transfer and extensive bandwidth, has prompted the development of new-generation networks like 5G and 6G. These networks encompass additional frequency bands such as sub-6 GHz, millimeter waves, and terahertz bands to meet the growing bandwidth requirements. However, despite the substantial bandwidth available in these bands, several challenges must be addressed to overcome unfavorable propagation characteristics. Moreover, numerous applications necessitate wireless devices with antennas that exhibit high flexibility and exceptional radiation responses, particularly when subjected to bending effects. This requirement highlights the importance of polymers-based antennas that can adapt to changing conditions while maintaining optimal performance. The present comprehensive study delves into the performance evaluation of rectangular and circular microstrip antennas utilizing PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) polymer substrate with varying thicknesses.

Results

Notably, CNTs (Carbon Nanotubes) are employed as an alternative to traditional copper for the conductive part and ground plane. Both PMMA-based antennas, integrated with CNTs, exhibit a compact footprint of 27.8 × 47.8 × 1.5 mm³ for the circular antenna and 22.8 × 39.5 × 1.5 mm³ for the rectangular antenna. Impressively, the realized gain of both antennas surpasses 5 dBi, demonstrating robust performance in both flat and bending scenarios across different substrate thicknesses.

Conclusions

The rectangular antenna achieves a bandwidth of approximately 200 MHz, while the circular microstrip antenna showcase annotable bandwidth of 500 MHz. These exceptional outcomes position the two microstrip antennas as highly suitable for a diverse range of emerging applications within the sub-6 GHz band (the frequency range below 6 GHz in the radio spectrum). Thus, the combination of PMMA substrate, CNTs and the compact form factor of the antennas presents a compelling solution for meeting the demands of modern applications requiring efficient wireless communication with enhanced performance and bandwidth.

Background

Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer, relative survival rates have not changed significantly. Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) Lam. is one such plant with its anticancer properties being proved in its leaves, stem, flowers but no studies are yet reported proving the anticancer property of its seed oil on oral cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effect of M. oleifera seed oil against two Oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines CAL27 and SCC15 using MTT assay.

Results

2D GC-TOF Mass spectrometry revealed a total of 199 compounds, among which the majority were alkanes (68.2016%) and fatty acid esters (11.1399%). The MTT assay report showed good dose-dependent activity. A significant reduction in cell viability within 24 h with IC50 value of 17.78 µg/mL and 24.28 µg/mL for all treatment groups was observed for both the cell lines CAL27 and SCC15.

Conclusion

MTT assay showed a significant decrease in cell viability with an increase in the oil dose, thereby revealing the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative activity of M. oleifera seed oil on oral cancer cell lines namely CAL27and SCC15. The results of this study indicate that M. oleifera seed oil can be used as a potent anti-cancer agent in the treatment of Oral cancer.

Graphical abstract

Background and Objective

Genetic and epigenetic changes characterize the multi-step process of breast carcinogenesis. It is believed that abnormal microRNA (miRNA) expression has a role in the onset and progression of breast cancer. This study aimed to examine the link between miRNA-127 and miRNA-138 and metastasis, tumor invasion, and apoptosis in Egyptian women with breast cancer, as well as their correlation with its molecular types.

Methodology

A total of 150 participants were included in this study, including 75 women with breast cancer and 75 supposedly healthy women who were age and gender-matched. Every patient underwent a thorough physical examination, a general clinical examination, a mammogram, and lab tests, such as the determination of the levels of miRNA-127 and miRNA-138 expression by real-time PCR and the measurement of blood carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carcinoma antigen 15–3 (CA15-3) and CA15-3 and CEA levels.

Results

There was a significant low expression of miRNA-127 in favor of high TNM stage (Classification of Malignant Tumors), left-sided tumor, metastasis, high-grade disease, increased axillary nodal involvement, absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors, and low antigen Kiel 67 (Ki67) expression. Also, a significant expression of miRNA 127 in triple-negative breast cancer was found, followed by human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) overexpression, then luminal B, and the highest expression was with the Luminal A molecular subtype. A significant negative correlation existed between miRNA 127 and miRNA 138 with CEA and CA15.3 levels.

Conclusion

The miRNA-127 and miRNA-138 suppression may promote metastasis. Consequently, the restoration of miRNA-127 and miRNA-138 in breast cancer may have therapeutic potential; so, the miRNA-127 and miRNA-138 may play a role in breast cancer development.

Background

Rapid-hardening concrete (RHC) is a specialized type of concrete that gains strength at an accelerated rate, allowing for faster construction and reduced project timelines. The use of RHC in structural applications, such as in beams subjected to flexural loads, has gained significant attention due to its potential for improving construction efficiency. This study focuses on the flexural performance of RHC beams with tension lap splice, which is considered a common method for joining reinforcement bars in concrete structures.

Results

Several parameters were taken into consideration, such as concrete type, concrete cover, and reinforcement bar diameter. The loading test was performed on sixteen beams to show results of load capacities, moment–displacement response, energy absorption, and ductility. As a result, the flexural performance of RHC beams is compared to that of NC beams.

Conclusions

Results indicate that RHC beams require 30 Φ splice length after 3 days of casting, while NC beams require 40 Φ splice length after 28 days. The RHC beam had higher load capacities, ductility, resilience, and toughness than NC beams, by 73%, 41%, 82%, and 88%, respectively. The bar diameter and concrete cover had a significant effect on increasing loads and resilience, while toughness decreased.