Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences最新文献

Background

The Zaremaoghaddam model studies internal waves, fluid dynamics, and nonlinear wave equations. In shallow water, internal solitons, or stratified fluids, the procedure may involve modifying or applying nonlinear wave models like Korteweg–de Vries equation, Boussinesq, or Gear–Grimshaw. The Gear–Grimshaw system simulates internal waves in a two-layer stratified fluid, such as an ocean with two density layers, using interconnected nonlinear evolution equations. The Korteweg–de Vries equation is extended to include wave mode interactions.

Results

The paper recovers solitary waves and shock waves for double-layered fluid flow that is modeled whose basic platform is the Korteweg–de Vries equation. This retrieval is made possible with the usage of the generalized exponential differential rational function approach. Two models for the double-layered flow are taken into consideration, namely the Zaremaoghaddam model and the Gear–Grimshaw model. The parameter restrictions for the existence of such solutions are also enumerated.

Conclusions

This paper has many implications and opens up many future opportunities. Since double-layered fluid flow never addresses rogue wave features, the paper’s results would be the foundation for studying them. Additionally, viscosity can be considered in the two models in this paper. A practical perspective would result since viscosity is inevitable in any fluid or airflow. Additionally, these models are new. Thus, such models must be investigated by identifying conservation laws and studying soliton perturbation theory.

Background

Plant-based compounds have gained significant attention as therapeutic agents for managing infections and facilitating tissue repair. RHRet is a plant-derived product composed of bioactive compounds from the extract of different plant species, like Phyllanthus emblica, Curcuma longa, Terminalia chebula, Swertia chirayita, Azadirachta indica, Pterocarpus santalinus, Adhatoda vasica, and Terminalia bellirica. These medicinal plants are known for their potent antibacterial and immune-modulatory properties. In this study, we evaluated the molecular interactions between major bioactive compounds present in RHRet and bacterial proteins, followed by evaluation of the antibacterial properties of RHRet, its impact on biofilm formation, and oxidative stress responses.

Methods

Molecular docking was studied to evaluate the interactions of different bioactive compounds potentially present in RHRet with PerR, SodA, and KatG proteins. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using disc diffusion, growth curve analysis, minimum inhibitory concentration analysis, and biofilm formation. Hyaluronidase inhibitory effect was also evaluated to study the potential of RHRet in restricting bacterial growth. The oxidative stress response was analyzed through lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, and measurement of total thiol content.

Results

Docking analysis revealed strong binding interactions between compounds potentially present in RHRet and PerR, SodA, and KatG proteins. RHRet inhibits Staphylococcus aureus growth, biofilm formation, and hyaluronidase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, RHRet increases lipid peroxidation levels, thiol content, and reducing superoxide dismutase activity. However, no significant changes have been found in catalase activity.

Conclusion

RHRet inhibits Staphylococcus aureus growth and biofilm formation and inhibits hyaluronidase activity while modulating oxidative stress and interacting with bacterial proteins. Although RHRet showed promising antibacterial potential, further in vivo studies are necessary to thoroughly evaluate its efficacy and safety profile.

Graphical abstract

Background

The persistent resurgence of influenza and influenza-like illness despite concerted vaccination interventions is a global health burden, thus necessitating accurate tools for early intervention and preparedness. This scoping review aims to map the currently available literature on artificial intelligence (AI)-based forecasting models for seasonal influenza and to identify trends in those published models, approaches, and research gaps.

Methods

A detailed search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore to find relevant studies published between 2014 and 2025. The AI techniques (such as machine learning and deep learning) applied in predicting seasonal influenza activity are considered eligible studies. Model types, data inputs, performance metrics, and validation approaches were summarized on data that were extracted and charted.

Results

Nine studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. Owing to their effectiveness in solving temporal sequence models, many deep learning models have been applied, including the long short-term memory (LSTM) model and the CNN LSTM hybrid model. The data sources are epidemiological records, meteorological variables and social media signals. Most of the models achieved excellent predictive accuracy, but shortcomings in model interpretability, external validation or consistency across performance reporting became issues.

Conclusions

Although AI-based models show promising capabilities for predicting influenza, there are still issues related to standardization and deployment in the real world. Future work should focus on real-time data integration, external validation and interpretable transferable models appropriate for a wide variety of health settings.

Graphical Abstract

This graphical abstract encapsulates AI-based forecasting models for seasonal influenza, depicted as a navigational chart through the research terrain. A central magnifying glass over a globe anchors the global health challenge, guiding the viewer through a flowchart-like journey. A funnel filters literature from PubMed, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore (2014–2025), yielding 9 pivotal studies. Layered icons delineate machine learning and deep learning models, with LSTM and CNN-LSTM hybrids highlighted. Interconnected circles symbolize diverse data inputs—epidemiological, meteorological, and social media—converging into a data integration hub. The bar chart connotes high predictive accuracy, tempered by a warning sign flagging interpretability, validation, and reporting challenges. A roadmap at the journey’s end points to future horizons: real-time data integration, external validation, and interpretable models, charting the course for advancing global influenza preparedness.

Background

Parasitic gastrointestinal infections caused by strongyle nematodes in grazing small ruminants endure as main cause of reduced animal productivity, health and welfare, compromising farm economy. For several decades, synthetic anthelmintics have been the cornerstone to control such parasites and limit their consequences but increasing issues regarding parasite resistances and concerns of chemical residues in the food chain, led to the exploration of novel approaches within the concept of integrated management solutions. Among them, bioactive plants and their associated secondary metabolites, have been increasingly explored. Recently, promising in vitro results were obtained with acetone aqueous extracts of polyphenol-rich salt-tolerant plants, namely Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl, 1809 and Limoniastrum monopetalum (L.) Boiss., 1848. The current study aims to obtain the first proof of concept of these two plant extracts’ in vivo anthelmintic value, relying on prior in vitro data.

Methods

To assess the effects of drenching the plant extracts in Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis mixed infections, twenty lambs were divided into three experimental groups: a control group (C), a C. mariscus treated group (CM) and a L. monopetalum treated group (LM). Lambs were infected (DPI 0), drenched with extracts (DPI 30) and the experiment ended on DPI 48. Blood and fecal samples were collected regularly to assess parasitological and pathophysiological measurements.

Results

Overall, results do not indicate significant in vivo parasitological effects for the two plant extracts, in the studied conditions. However, significant differences in PCV values were observed between the treated and control groups, hypothesizing potential effects on the overall animal health status, to be explored in future work.

Conclusions

This work outcomes are discussed based on the available in vivo anthelmintic works using plant extracts, and methodological challenges are appraised.

This review critically examines state-of-the-art numerical methodologies for the simulation of wind turbines, offering a rigorous exploration of their theoretical foundations, practical implementations, and comparative performance. It begins by establishing a contextual framework through the classification of wind turbines, with particular focus on vertical axis configurations and emerging hybrid designs. The core of the study delves into advanced computational techniques encompassing computational fluid dynamics (CFD), finite element analysis (FEA), and fully coupled CFD-FEA frameworks used to resolve aerodynamic, structural, and fluid–structure interaction phenomena with high fidelity. The paper systematically analyzes turbulence modeling strategies, from industry-standard Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) models to high-resolution large eddy simulation (LES) and hybrid detached eddy simulation (DES) approaches, evaluating their capabilities in capturing unsteady flow structures, vortex dynamics, and wake interactions. Additionally, reduced-order models such as the actuator line method (ALM) and actuator disk method (ADM) are assessed for their scalability in large wind farm simulations. Detailed discussions cover geometry generation, mesh refinement techniques, solver configuration, and post-processing analytics, offering best practices for ensuring numerical stability, accuracy, and validation. Through a comparative synthesis of these methods, the paper provides deep insights into their trade-offs in terms of computational cost, physical realism, and practical applicability, ultimately guiding the selection and optimization of simulation strategies for advanced wind energy system design and performance evaluation.

Background

The bitter crab disease was recorded for the first time in the blue swimming crab Portunus segnis inhabiting the Suez Canal. This study aimed to assess the presence of the parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium sp. in P. segnis in the Suez Canal lakes and investigate the infection levels in the crab’s tissues. We collected monthly samples from Timsah and the Bitter Lakes between October 2020 and September 2021. Crabs’ carapace width and weight were measured, and hemolymph smears were prepared for examination. Samples from the hepatopancreas, gills, heart, and muscles were taken for histopathological studies.

Results

In both lakes, crabs were found infected with the parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium sp. More than a quarter of the population in both areas had pathogens in their bodies (≥ 26%). Infection prevalence varied insignificantly with the body weight in the two lakes. The investigated internal organs were found to be invaded by the pathogen that caused significant damage to their tissues. The hemolymph lacked the capacity to clot in such a way that the heart’s spongy texture was apparently lost, and the muscles had disrupted connective tissue and edematous fibers. There was also a widening of the distance among the hepatopancreatic tubules as well as a distention of gill filaments.

Conclusion

This work highlights that over 25% of the P. segnis population in the Suez Canal is infected with Hematodinium sp.. In this respect, the study recommended the immediate and continuous monitoring of the P. segnis in the Suez Canal lakes in order to prevent future disease outbreaks.

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is closely associated with rhabdomyolysis (RM), characterized by tubular damage and cell death through altered pyroptotic signaling pathways. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of Wheatgrass (WG) as a potential protective agent in ameliorating nephrotoxicity caused by glycerol-induced oxidative stress (OS) in rats, emphasizing the involvement of nuclear factor kappa p65 (NF-kB p65)/kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1)/neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) signaling pathway.

Methods

RM induction was achieved via a single intramuscular administration of 50% v/v glycerol dissolved in 0.9% saline solution (10 ml/kg), following a 6-h period of water deprivation. WG was administered daily at 75 mg/kg for 7 days prior to glycerol administration in the WG-pretreated groups. Renal function, OS, inflammatory, and tubular injury markers were assessed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted to evaluate renal structural changes and NF-kB p65 expression.

Results

The glycerol-injected group exhibited significant increases in renal injury markers (blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, creatine kinase) and elevations in NGAL, KIM-1, malondialdehyde, interleukin-6, and interleukin-18 levels, alongside decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase) (p < 0.001). Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis indicated a heightened expression level of NF-kB p65, correlating with the observed histopathological alterations, which confirmed renal tubular degeneration, inflammation, and vascular alterations. However, WG pretreatment markedly reduced the concentrations of biomarkers associated with oxidative and renal damage, alongside evident decrease in the levels of inflammatory markers. Additionally, a significant restoration in immunohistochemical and histopathological changes was noted.

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate that WG holds notable protection against glycerol-induced acute kidney injury by mitigating OS and inflammation, particularly through NF-kBp65/KIM-1/NGAL pathway modulation. The observed biochemical and histological improvements highlight WG’s potential as a natural therapeutic candidate for AKI, warranting further clinical exploration.

Background

The Amaranthaceae family, belonging to the order Caryophyllales, represents one of the most morphologically and ecologically diversified plant families. It comprises approximately 175 genera and over 2000 species. Members of this family exhibit a broad range of adaptations and hold significant economic, ecological, and medicinal importance. Several wild species within this family have been traditionally employed in ethnomedicine across diverse cultures for the treatment of various ailments.

Aim

This review aims to comprehensively summarize the botanical characteristics, ethnobotanical relevance, phytochemical constituents, and pharmacological activities of eight medicinally important wild herbs from the Amaranthaceae family. The selected species include Amaranthus viridis, Chenopodium album, Achyranthes aspera, Alternanthera sessilis, Digera muricata, Celosia argentea, Gomphrena celosioides, and Cyathula prostrata. The review further elucidates their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic properties along with their proposed mechanisms of action, thereby validating traditional claims with scientific evidence.

Methods

A systematic literature review was conducted using reputable scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Information was gathered from peer-reviewed articles, ethnobotanical surveys, pharmacological reports, and toxicological studies. Each plant was evaluated based on its traditional uses, major bioactive compounds, in vitro and in vivo pharmacological assessments, and safety profile.

Conclusion

The compiled data underscore the immense therapeutic potential of wild herbs within the Amaranthaceae family. These plants are rich sources of diverse phytochemicals, including flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds, which are primarily responsible for their observed bioactivities. The documented antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic effects support their ethnopharmacological usage and warrant further exploration. The findings of this review advocate for intensified pharmacological and molecular research on these underutilized species to facilitate the development of novel natural therapeutic agents. Promoting scientific validation and sustainable utilization of these plants could significantly contribute to drug discovery and the development of plant-based pharmaceuticals.

Graphical abstract

This review comprehensively summarizes botanical description, ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of some wild plants of the Amaranthaceae family.

In this manuscript, we intend to investigate the existence of solutions for a generalized Erdély-Kober integral equations based on Petryshyan theorem associated with measure of noncompactness in Banach space. Under less stringent conditions, an existence solution is established for a general category of fractional integral equations. It is natural, relevant examples will be useful enough to confirm our achievements which are presented.