Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences最新文献

Background

Curcuma aromatica (C. aromatica), a traditional medicinal plant, holds promise for addressing oxidative stress and hyperpigmentation through its rich curcuminoid and polyphenol content. Building on our previous identification of five major diarylheptanoids in its extract, this study investigated the ability of C. aromatica to mitigate oxidative stress and modulate melanogenesis with insight into its bioactive compounds’ contributions.

Results

Spectrophotometric analysis of its ethyl acetate extract revealed significantly high phenolic content, with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays confirming strong antioxidative activity. Using B16 cells, the extract demonstrated non-toxic inhibition of melanin synthesis, reduced tyrosinase activity, and downregulated melanogenic proteins such as tyrosinase, related proteins, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis (GO-KEGG) along with molecular docking showed that five major diarylheptanoids strongly interacted with these proteins, modulating key pathways involved in pigmentation and beyond.

Conclusions

Together, these findings highlight C. aromatica’s dual action in combating oxidative stress and inhibiting melanogenesis, positioning it as a promising candidate for advancing medicinal chemistry approaches to hyperpigmentation and oxidative damage.

Background

Lernaea species, which are part of the genus Lernaea, are widespread parasites capable of infecting a wide range of freshwater fish. Their classification is exceedingly challenging and contentious due to a significant amount of intraspecific variability in morphology and substantial similarities between different species.

Aim of study

The aim of this study was to gather data and molecular diagnosis to the Lernaea species that infect Carasobarbus luteus in in the Shatt al-Hilla, Iraq.

Materials and methods

In this study conducted in Shatt- Hilla, Iraq between September 2023 and April 2024, 26 sample of Lernaea species were obtained from 150 fish sample exam belonging to Carasobarbus luteus. The larvae of Lernaea species were studied by molecular analysis done by primer design for 18S RNA and 28S RNA, PCR amplification, sequencing, and comparing gene loci of 18S RNA and 28S RNA of larvae isolated from Lernaea species.

Results

The sequencing of 18S RNA and 28S RNA revealed that all larval Lernaea from all infected fishes represented exactly one species of Lernaea cyprinacea parasite based upon comparing and identifying a percentage of the Gene Bank database. The genetic characteristics of L. cyprinacea in this study are available in the Gene Bank database, and they were deposited in the Gene Bank. Their accession numbers were demonstrated as LC830719, LC830720, LC830721, and LC830722.

Conclusion

This is the first molecular diagnostic research on L. cyprinacea parasite from Carasobarbus luteus in Iraq. It found all larval Lernaea were of one species. PCR assays and DNA analyses are important in the detection of parasites on fish.

Due to challenges such as poor aqueous solubility and compromised oral bioavailability, delivering Vemurafenib via a topical route using a scalable and biocompatible carrier-based hydrogel. This study aims to develop and characterize Vemurafenib-loaded transferosomes for the management of skin cancer. A Vemurafenib-loaded transferosomal gel was developed and thoroughly analyzed using various techniques, including transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, dermatokinetic parameters, entrapment efficiency, stability assessment, in vitro release study, vesicle elasticity examination, and antioxidant assays. The in vitro release of formulations was analyzed using four models: Korsmeyer, Higuchi, first-order, and zero-order models. The transferosomes exhibited a typical size of 105 nm, with a zeta size of 106.31 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.2417. Among the models investigated for in vitro release analysis, the Higuchi model was found to be the most suitable for the transferosome formulation. Compared to the standard formulation, the Vemurafenib-loaded transferosomal gel achieved a significantly higher concentration of 140.45 µg/ml on the skin epidermis within just 1.5 h. Additionally, in two hours, the Vemurafenib-loaded transferosomal gel resulted in a greater concentration of 118.52 µg/ml in the skin dermis, surpassing the usual formulation. Furthermore, the group receiving twice-daily administration of Vemurafenib-loaded transferosomal gel exhibited minimal hyperkeratosis compared to other treatment groups. The (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay showed a higher A-431 cell lines inhibition under vemurafenib Hydrogel formulation, i.e., 78.28%. This study offers compelling evidence for the effectiveness of the Vemurafenib transferosomal gel, demonstrating its enhanced skin absorption. The formulation shows considerable promise for further research and potential clinical application in skin cancer treatment.

Background

Huperzine A, a naturally derived compound, has garnered interest for its capacity to inhibit cholinesterase with multifaceted neuroprotective effects and is obtained from Huperzia serrata (Chinese club moss plant). This review highlights its pharmacological potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Huperzine A was used in various neurological conditions in traditional Chinese treatments.

Findings

Acetylcholinesterase is responsible for the breakdown of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter critical for cognitive functions such as memory, learning, and attention. Huperzine A exhibits neuroprotective effects by preserving acetylcholine levels, and also offers antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits. These pharmacological actions suggest a potential role in modifying disease progression in AD and vascular dementia (VD). Although preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated promising cognitive benefits, discrepancies in outcomes still exist. While considered safe at therapeutic dosages, excessive intake may lead to adverse effects, e.g., nausea, diarrhea, and muscle cramps.

Conclusion

Research on its effectiveness in various neurological conditions is ongoing, and its use should be approached with caution and professional guidance.

Background

Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive subtype of glioma. The alteration of non-coding RNA (lncRNA H19 and microRNA-152) in glioblastoma tissues promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while the exact relationship with glioblastoma is still uncertain with their genes (PTEN, KRAS, and NDRG1). This study aimed to identify new potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and novel therapeutic targets.

Methods

In a descriptive cross-sectional study, we employed quantitative real-time PCR for expression of lncRNA H19, miRNA-152, and their target genes in 84 glioblastoma specimens compared to 35 control samples (low-grade glioma, astrocytic astrocytoma, normal brain tissues). Additionally, for differential expression profile, predictive significance, and survival analysis, receiver operating characteristic analysis and Kaplan–Meier survival plot were used.

Results

The expression levels of lncRNA H19 and miR-152 were significantly altered in glioblastoma patients compared to those with low-grade glioma and normal brain tissues. Moreover, KRAS and NDRG1 showed significant upregulation in glioblastoma. It was demonstrated that lncRNA H19 has diagnostic values with AUC > 0.7 that differentiated glioblastoma from non-cancerous lesions and low-grade glioma. Nevertheless, KRAS and NDRG1 with AUC > 0.9 and > 0.8, respectively, distinguished between glioblastoma and all other comparative groups including non-cancerous lesions, low-grade glioma, and astrocytic astrocytoma. Furthermore, poor overall survival was observed with a median survival rate of 15 months.

Conclusions

The long non-coding RNA H19, along with KRAS and NDRG1, has shown promise as biomarkers for differentiating between glioblastoma, lower-grade glioma, and non-malignant lesions.

Key points

• The expression levels of the lncRNA H19 and miR-152 were significantly altered in Glioblastoma patients compared to those with Low Grade Glioma and normal brain tissues.

• The lncRNA H19, along with the genes KRAS and NDRG1, have shown promise as biomarkers for differentiating between Glioblastoma, Low Grade Glioma, and normal brain tissues.

Mastitis is a common and complex disease, mainly caused by aureus and non-aureus species, and Enterobacteriaceae. Recently, a new and serious group of Gram-positive bacteria, the sporulating bacilli, has emerged as a mastitis pathogen. The study aimed to identify and characterize novel Bacillus strains (HSM85, SLS01, and DA03) associated with bovine mastitis and to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of Ricinus communis (castor) leaf extract against these pathogens. In methodology, Bacillus strains were isolated from milk samples of mastitis-infected cows, and the antimicrobial activity of different solvent-based leaf extract fractions was assessed using MIC, MBC, killing and biofilm inhibition assays, and GC–MS analysis to identify bioactive compounds. In result we found, the chloroform (non-polar) fraction showed the highest antimicrobial activity, followed by the ethanol (polar) fraction. MIC and MBC values ranged from 25 to 200 and 25–400 µg/ml, respectively. Bacterial growth was significantly inhibited at ½ MIC, while control cells entered log phase within 4 h. Assays (MIC, MBC, MBC/MIC ≤ 4, killing, biofilm inhibition, and nucleic acid leakage) confirmed the bactericidal potential of Ricinus communis leaf extract against novel Bacillus strains. GC–MS analysis revealed 48–53 peaks across solvent extracts, identifying dominant compounds like phytol, phytyl palmitate, and tetracontane, with some solvent-specific presence. Ricinus communis leaf extract showed strong bactericidal activity against emerging Bacillus strains causing bovine mastitis, with the chloroform fraction showing the highest efficacy. Its bioactive compounds and multi-target properties suggest its potential as a natural alternative for managing mastitis in dairy cattle.

Background

The effectiveness of nanoparticles in enhancing male sexual performance is a topic of great attention these days. The research goal was to evaluate the potency of ginger oil (G-Oil) and ginger oil microemulsion (G-ME) on male rat fertility and reproductive performance. Thirty-five male albino rats were split up into five groups and delivered oral gavage three times a week for eight weeks: control (1 ml /kg bw distilled water), corn oil (1 ml /kg bw corn oil), ginger oil (75 mg/kg bw ginger oil in corn oil as a vehicle), ginger oil microemulsion at two doses (75 and 37.5 mg/kg bw, respectively). Assessments of sexual behavior, sperm quality, relative testes weight, serum sex hormones, testicular oxidant/antioxidant status, sperm capacitation markers, and histomorphology and immunohistochemical changes in both testicles and epididymis were utilized.

Results

The results revealed that G-ME administration, especially at a low dose (37.5 mg/kg bw), significantly (p < 0.05) improved sexual behavior, relative testes weight, serum testosterone, and activating antioxidant enzyme Superoxide dismutase (SOD) along with reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) content in testicular tissues, indicating its antioxidant activity. Moreover, G-ME had significantly (p < 0.001) higher expression of SPACA1 and CD59b genes, accompanied by improvements in sperm motility, count, and viability compared to the control group. Additionally, G-ME 37.5 mg/kg bw showed remarkable histological enhancements as spermatogenic cells and spermatozoa increased in seminiferous tubules and epididymis tubular lumen. Also, a stimulatory effect was detected on proliferating cells with increasing PCNA immunodepression in testicular and epididymal tissues.

Conclusions

Finally, the results obtained revealed the superiority of G-ME at a low dose of 37.5 mg/kg above the traditional G-Oil due to improvements in its physical properties, which resulted in increased ginger bioavailability and improved different rat fertility indices.

Introduction

An extensive array of medicinal plants has undergone investigation, underscoring the imperative for the continued screening of natural inhibitors with the potential to target cancer metabolism. The current research endeavor was directed toward evaluating the chemotherapeutic efficacy of peel extracts of Citrus maxima and its constituent flavonoid, Naringin (NA), in the context of breast cancer, specifically targeting the pyruvate kinase isozyme M2 (PKM2).

Materials and methods

Extracts from the peel of Citrus maxima were prepared and analyzed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) to detect the presence of the bioactive compound, NA. The potential anti-proliferative effects of these peel extracts of Citrus maxima and NA were examined against human breast cancer cell lines utilizing an MTT assay. To investigate the distribution of the cell cycle, cell cycle analysis was conducted. The induction of apoptosis was ascertained using Annexin V-FITC through flow cytometry. The protein expression of PKM2 was analyzed using Western blotting. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations analysis were employed.

Results

Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis confirmed the existence of NA within the extracts of Citrus maxima. Both the crude extracts and NA demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition of breast cancer cell proliferation. Our findings indicate that these crude extracts and NA instigate both early and late apoptosis, in addition to causing cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Immunoblotting studies further revealed that the expression of PKM2 protein was suppressed by both the crude extracts and NA. Computational analysis demonstrated stable binding affinity with Ser77, His78, and Lys207 of PKM2.

Conclusion

This investigation unveils the presence of NA within Citrus maxima extracts, exhibiting robust affinity for PKM2 via molecular docking and dynamics simulations. Extracts and NA dose-dependently inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation. Notably, PKM2 regulates cancer cell glycolysis, promising intricate therapeutic prospects for breast cancer.

Background

The rise in global temperatures and subsequent increase in extreme heatwaves is implicated to have a significant contribution to the growing incidence of various skin diseases, particularly melanoma skin cancer. The existing therapeutic approaches for skin cancer such as chemotherapy induce significant adverse effects. This highlights the need for further development of novel medicinal substances from natural sources which has less side effects implications. Macroalgae, often known as seaweeds, are recognized for their diverse array of bioactive compounds, which have numerous potential applications. The red coralline macroalgae or seaweed Mastophora rosea is abundant in the tropical Indo-Pacific region, including Indonesia. However, little is known regarding the phytochemical profile and potent bioactivity of this unique seaweed. The objective of this study is to assess the phytochemical profile, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of M. rosea in melanoma cell line.

Methodology

The dried macroalgae M. rosea sample was extracted using various solvents with differing polarities: ethanol, ethyl acetate (EA), and n-hexane. Subsequent biochemical evaluations included total phenolic content and antioxidant capability. Additionally, cytotoxic experiments were conducted using the mammalian melanoma cell line SK-MEL-2.

Results

The ANOVA results revealed that the EA solvent was the most efficient in producing extracts with high total phenolic content (368.81 ± 3.16 mg GAE/g). This high total phenolic content is accompanied by potent antioxidant capacity (IC₅₀ = 99.52 ± 19.58 µg/mL). In addition, M. rosea EA extract is attributed with the presence of various polyphenolic catechins, such as gallic acid, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin (EGC), catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechingallate (EGCG), and epicatechingallate (ECG). Furthermore, M. rosea EA shows strong cytotoxic activity against the melanoma cell line SK-MEL-2 (IC₅₀ = 37.10 ± 0.85 µg/mL). In addition to the melanoma cell line, the M. rosea EA extract shows similar cytotoxicity in epithelial HeLa cells (IC₅₀ = 34.32 ± 1.19 µg/mL) and low cytotoxicity in normal human dermal fibroblast cells (IC₅₀ > 200 µg/mL).

Conclusion

The current results show that M. rosea could induce apoptosis and also suppress metastasis activity in SK-MEL-2 cells. Further characterization and isolation of the possible bioactive compounds are necessary to better comprehend its mechanism of action against melanoma. Nevertheless, this study indicates that more study needed to be done on various macroalgae regarding their phenolic components that may be beneficial for the development of novel therapeutic agents for cancer treatment.

Graphical abstract

全球气温的上升和随之而来的极端热浪的增加被认为对各种皮肤疾病，特别是黑色素瘤皮肤癌的发病率不断上升有重要贡献。现有的治疗皮肤癌的方法，如化疗，会引起明显的不良反应。这突出表明需要进一步从天然来源开发副作用较小的新型药用物质。大型藻类，通常被称为海藻，因其多种生物活性化合物而被公认，具有许多潜在的应用前景。红珊瑚大藻或海草在热带印度洋-太平洋地区，包括印度尼西亚，是丰富的。然而，人们对这种独特海藻的植物化学特征和有效的生物活性知之甚少。本研究的目的是评估玫瑰红支原体在黑色素瘤细胞系中的植物化学特征、抗氧化和细胞毒活性。方法采用不同极性溶剂乙醇、乙酸乙酯和正己烷提取大藻样品。随后的生化评价包括总酚含量和抗氧化能力。此外，利用哺乳动物黑色素瘤细胞系SK-MEL-2进行了细胞毒性实验。结果方差分析结果表明，EA溶剂提取的总酚含量最高（368.81±3.16 mg GAE/g）；这种高总酚含量伴随着强大的抗氧化能力（IC50 = 99.52±19.58µg/mL）。此外，玫瑰玫瑰提取物还含有多种多酚儿茶素，如没食子酸、没食子儿茶素、没食子儿茶素（EGC）、儿茶素、表儿茶素、没食子儿茶素（EGCG）和表儿茶素（ECG）。此外，玫瑰草提取物对黑色素瘤细胞系SK-MEL-2具有较强的细胞毒活性（IC50 = 37.10±0.85µg/mL）。除黑色素瘤细胞系外，玫瑰荆芥提取物对上皮HeLa细胞具有相似的细胞毒性（IC50 = 34.32±1.19µg/mL），对正常人真皮成纤维细胞具有较低的细胞毒性（IC50 > 200µg/mL）。结论玫红色念珠菌对SK-MEL-2细胞具有诱导凋亡和抑制转移活性的作用。为了更好地了解其抗黑色素瘤的作用机制，有必要进一步表征和分离可能的生物活性化合物。然而，这项研究表明，需要对各种大型藻类的酚类成分进行更多的研究，这些研究可能有助于开发新的癌症治疗药物。图形抽象

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Bag Valve Mask with Ventilation Indicator (BVM-VI) prototype for ventilation rhythm in Basic Life Support 基本生命支持中通气节律的带通气指示器的袋式阀面罩（BVM-VI）原型

IF 2.6 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1186/s43088-025-00664-4

Pratama Yulianto, Endang Triyanto, Ridlwan Kamaluddin, Adhe Akbar Azanni

Background

Bag valve mask (BVM) are a practical choice for emergency medical personnel to treat out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, the use of currently available conventional BVM still often results in overventilation in cases of cardiac arrest or respiratory failure. Globally, 79% of hyperventilation events occur during Basic Life Support (BLS) with BVM. This study aims to produce a prototype BVM-VI.

Method

The prototyping method of Research and Development design was chosen as the primary method, followed by black box testing with clinical, practical, and academic experts, and ended with limited scale testing with 10 users.

Result

BVM-VI is the result of combining conventional BVM with a portable indicator light module to signal ventilation actions. Expert assessment using the black box test method with CVI analysis resulted in a content validity score of 100%. A limited study conducted by nursing students using a survey method showed reliability with an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.769.

Conclusion

BVM-VI became the initial prototype for developing a ventilation aid with breathing rhythm adjustment in BLS.

背景袋式瓣膜面罩（BVM）是急救医务人员治疗院外心脏骤停（OHCA）的实用选择。然而，在心脏骤停或呼吸衰竭的情况下，使用目前可用的传统BVM仍然经常导致过度通气。在全球范围内，79%的过度通气事件发生在BVM的基本生命支持（BLS）期间。本研究的目的是制造一个BVM-VI原型机。方法采用研发设计的原型法作为主要方法，然后进行临床、实践和学术专家的黑盒测试，最后进行10名用户的有限规模测试。结果tbvm - vi是将传统BVM与便携式指示灯模块相结合的结果，指示通风动作。专家评价采用黑盒检验法结合CVI分析，内容效度评分为100%。用调查法对护生进行的一项有限研究显示信度，班级内相关系数（ICC）为0.769。结论bvm - vi是开发具有呼吸节律调节功能的BLS通气辅助设备的雏形。

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