Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences最新文献

Background

Hepatozoon canis is a protozoan parasite transmitted to dogs through ingesting the arthropod vector (hard ticks), which contains mature protozoal oocysts harboring infectious sporozoites.

Aims

This study aims to evaluate the blood parameters, biochemical assays and histopathological appraisal of infected police dogs with Hepatozoon canis, from kennels in the police academy of Egypt during 2020–2021.

Methods

Red blood cells count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, blood platelets and white blood cells count from collected blood samples were analyzed, and serum albumin, creatinine, urea, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were analyzed from serum samples. Polymerase chain reaction amplified the 18S ribosomal RNAgene of the Hepatozoon species for genetic analysis, and the deoxyribonucleic acid products were sequenced and added to GenBank.

Results

The present study resulted in 5% of the police dog population being infested with Rhipicephalus sanguineus. This study registered the sequences of the Hepatozoon canis 18S ribosomal RNAgene in Egypt for the first time in Genbank (MW362244.1–MW362245.1). The biochemical assay revealed that the parasite severely affected the protein, significantly increasing serum albumin in positive polymerase chain reaction testing dogs.

Conclusion

A thorough inspection discovered that 100 police dogs had clinical symptoms like fever, emaciation and anemia, while the other 200 were healthy and had no evident clinical indicators.

Background

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a respiratory ailment that causes the substitution of healthy lung tissue with scar tissue due to collagen deposition and fibroblast proliferation. The incidence of PF increased with the successive waves of Coronaviruses and other viruses affecting the lungs. Therefore, the priority is moving toward treatment with medicinal plants for their active constituents. Salvia officinalis L. herbal drug (sage, family; Lamiaceae) is characterized by its strong antioxidative activity. This study aims to declare the effect of using sage ethanol extract (SOEE) as a protective agent from PF through an in vivo study on mercuric chloride (HgCl₂)-induced lung fibrosis and in vitro evaluation of its anticancer, antiviral, and antioxidant activities concerning its phytoconstituents.

Results

Twelve compounds were isolated and identified as apigenin, luteolin, genkwanin, quercetin, hispidulin, luteolin-7-O-β- glucopyranoside, rutin, rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid chlorogenic acid, and ellagic acid. The results of antioxidants indicated that SOEE exhibited the greatest efficacy as an antioxidant agent in the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay with inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) 23.21 ± 1.17 µg/ mL followed by 1864.71 and 1793.80 µM Trolox equivalent/mg extract for ferric ion reducing antioxidant power and 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), respectively. SOEE showed notable cytotoxic activity against A549. Oral administration of SOEE at 69.4 and 173.5 mg/kg.bw afforded a noteworthy protective effect against HgCl₂-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Also, lung superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were increased by SOEE. That was in parallel with working to reduce the malondialdehyde (MDA), necrosis factor kappa (NF-κB), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels. The lung P53, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, AKT, and vanin-1 gene expression was upregulated in SOEE-treated rats compared to HgCl₂-treated rats.

Conclusion

SOEE reduces acute lung injury and can be used to inhibit the proliferation and migration of lung fibrotic cells. These activities may be related to its high antioxidant activity, which could result from the phenolic constituents. The authors recommended using sage in the treatment of lung diseases to protect from lung fibrosis. Additional animal and human experiments are needed for future research.

Graphical abstract

Background

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have long been known for their ability to regenerate tissue. Cigarette smoking is one environmental risk factor that may impair the performance of MSCs. Electronic cigarettes have recently become a popular and widely accepted alternative to tobacco cigarettes due to their safety. The present study aims to analyze how smoke extracts of cigarette tobacco and electronic cigarettes affect the capability of dental pulp stem cell (DPSCs) proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. In this study, DPSCs were isolated from healthy impacted third molars of non-smokers, and two smoke extracts were made from tobacco powder and electronic cigarettes. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated at two time intervals (14 and 21 days), and its effect on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of the DPSCs was assessed.

Results

The proliferation rate with the calculated IC50 of both smoke extracts was reduced compared to control cells. After 21 days of osteogenic induction, significantly fewer calcium deposits were visible among cells exposed to both smoke extracts. In addition, the expression of alkaline phosphatase and RANKL proteins was significantly reduced in differentiated DPSCs subjected to both smoke extracts.

Conclusions

DPSCs exposed to both smoke extracts showed decreased cell viability and osteogenic differentiation potentiality compared to control cells. Smoking in any form has a detrimental effect on the proliferation and regenerative capacity of MSCs.

Background

The mixed convection flow of viscous fluid due to an oscillating plate is inspected. The external heating effects and chemical reaction assessment are predicted. Moreover, the flow applications of the entropy generation phenomenon are claimed.

Results

The dimensionless system is expressed in partial differential forms, which are analytically treated with the Laplace scheme. The physical aspects of the flow model are graphically observed. The optimized phenomenon is focused on flow parameters. The results for the Bejan number are also presented. The dynamic of heat transfer and entropy generation phenomenon is observed with applications of Bejan number.

Conclusions

It is claimed that an enhancement of entropy generation phenomenon is noticed due to heat and mass Grashof coefficients. The Bejan number declined due to mass Grashof number. Furthermore, the velocity profile boosted due to Grashof constant.

Background

Thermophilic cellulases are essential for effectively degrading cellulose, which is a significant part of lignocellulosic waste. In this study, we focused on a cellulase gene (~ 1.2 kb) obtained from Geobacillus sp. TP-3, a thermo-alkalophilic bacterium isolated from the hot springs of Tapovan (Uttarakhand, India). Cellulase gene (~ 1.2 kb) was amplified via PCR, cloned into pET-28a (+) vector, transferred to Escherichia coli DH5α cells and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant cellulase (rCel_TP) was purified using Ni²⁺-NTA affinity chromatography.

Results

The purified rCel_TP enzyme exhibited optimal activity at 50 ºC and pH 8, displaying stability even after 3 h of incubation at 50 ºC. The molecular weight of the purified 6 × His-tagged rCel_TP was determined to be ~ 40.2 kDa. Under conditions of 50 ºC and pH 8, the kinetic parameters of the purified enzyme were determined, with K_m and V_max values of 116.78 mg/mL and 44.05 µmolmg⁻¹ min⁻¹, respectively. The activity of the rCel_TP cellulase was significantly improved by Hg²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Co²⁺. However, it was suppressed by dithiothreitol and β-mercaptoethanol. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and solvents also had a slight inhibitory effect.

Conclusion

These results suggest the potential applications of the recombinant cellulase in biomass conversion processes for the production of fuels and other industrial operations. The study contributes valuable insights into the properties and applicability of cellulases derived from extremophilic microorganisms.

Graphical abstract

Background

The life cycle and geographic range of mosquitoes are profoundly influenced by weather conditions. In Faiyum Governorate, Egypt, researchers looked at over 42 different mosquito breeding areas in the wild. Culex pipiens, Culex antennatus, Culex perexiguus, Culex theileri, Anopheles multicolor, Anopheles sergentii, Ochlerotatus caspius, Culiseta longiareolata, and Uranotaenia unguiculata, were all represented among the collected mosquito larvae. Using Maxent, we identified the most important bioclimatic factors affecting habitat appropriateness for each species. In order to determine the link between a species’ habitat appropriateness and bioclimatic factors, the computer builds response curves for each bioclimatic factor. All species risk maps, species richness maps, and individual species maps were generated with a Software that build interactive web maps (ArcGIS 10.3).

Results

Each mosquito species’ range was impacted by four bioclimatic factors. The most influential factors were those linked to temperature and precipitation. Culex antennatus, Culex perexiguus, Culex pipiens, and Ochlerotatus caspius responded best to temperature-related factors. Precipitation of wettest month (bio 13) was effective in four species (Anopheles multicolor, Culex antennatus, Culex perexiguus, and Culex pipiens).

Conclusion

Areas in the north and west of El-Fayoum district (Zawyat El-Karadsah, Beni-Saleh, and Monshat Abd-Allah), in Tamiya in Kafr Mahfouz, in the south of Abshway, especially in Tobhar, in the north of Atssa, in the south and center of Sinnuris have been identified as high-risk areas and more susceptible to mosquito-borne diseases.

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of nanoparticles (NPs) of a plant extract on implant osseointegration in vivo. NPs of the Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) extract were synthesized. Twenty Wistar rats were included in the study. The test group (n = 5) had NPs-incorporated, the control group (n = 5) had no incorporation of NPs, and the sham group (n = 5) did not have implants placed. The toxicity profile of NPs was carried out by biochemical analysis before and after the implant placement. The rate of integration was assessed using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), Digital X-ray, histology, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at intervals of 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Statistical significance between the groups was determined by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) (p < 0.05) and the differences were uncovered with post hoc Tukey’s test.

Results

Radiographs showed that the bone density around implants with NPs was considerably higher than those without NPs. The osteoid seam along the implant surface was found to be considerably higher in the test group. A noteworthy increase was observed in the bone formation around the implants in bone samples belonging to the test group. Comparing the values at different time intervals, the highest serum Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was noted in the test group after six weeks and the lowest serum Acid phosphatase (ACP) activity was documented in the test group after 6 weeks.

Conclusion

The test group samples exhibited an osseointegration rate of less than 2 weeks thus demonstrating CQ NPs to be a potent osteoinductive agent.

Graphical abstract

Background

Despite the fact that natives of Southeast Asia have been consuming Prismatomeris glabra for decades for a variety of health benefits, research on this species is not as extensive as that on other species due to its limited distribution. The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity and identify the bioactive compounds of P. glabra crude leaf extracts against the MCF-7 cell line.

Results

We first examined the potential cytotoxic activity of P. glabra using the MTT assay against the MCF-7 cell line to determine the IC₅₀ of the plant extracts at various concentrations at three time points (24 h, 48 h, and 72 h). Across all time points, the MTT assay revealed that the aqueous extract exhibited the lowest IC₅₀ values (p < 0.05) compared to the ethanol and methanol extracts. All plant extracts exerted the ability to induce cell death in the MCF-7 cell line at all time points, and the optimal time for P. glabra to manifest its antiproliferative activities and promote cell death was 48 h. LC–MS analysis was conducted to reveal the components in plant extracts. Forty compounds were discovered in P. glabra's extracts, with the majority being flavonoids and triterpenoids. Five similar compounds were present in all three extracts. Further research should be conducted on these compounds to unveil a compound that fulfils the criteria as a promising anticancer agent. This research is of the utmost importance, as it provides a fundamental framework for the identification of alternative therapies for breast cancer and contributes implicitly to the development of new drugs.

Conclusions

This study discovered that P. glabra crude leaf extracts have the potential to inhibit the MCF-7 cell line by inducing cell death.

Background

Despite rising public awareness and improvements in diagnostic and treatment methods, there are adverse effects brought on by drug resistance, an increase in overall treatment costs, and unanticipated side effects from pharmaceuticals.

Main body

Therefore, efforts for development strategy that is more efficient, more affordable, and more secure are underway. Such a strategy involves employing naturally occurring phytochemicals to delay the beginning, prevent it from happening, or treat it, and it sparks an increase in interest in studies looking for an effective agent in herbs and other plant materials used in traditional medicines. Urolithins are polyphenol chemicals generated by the gut microbiota studied for potential health benefits and have a high bioavailability. After being ingested, urolithins can move throughout the body and mediate in different locations. Urolithins are studied for over 40 years, but their mechanistic role has been explored recently in understanding their potential health benefits.

Short conclusion

This review gives an overview of the current Urolithin A research on human health. The findings highlight the importance of exploring the potential of urolithins as a natural compound for therapeutic applications. Elucidating the mechanisms behind the disease process and pinpointing candidate molecules and pathways to target preventive and therapeutic intervention are the need of the hour.