Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences最新文献

Background

Despite sea lavender being a medicinal species, research on its seeds’ biological properties and chemical composition is unexplored. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of different extraction solvents on the biological activities and chemical profile of greenhouse-cultivated sea lavender seeds, aiming at their potential use as a dermo-cosmetic ingredient. Therefore, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, and water extracts were examined for their antioxidant activity, enzyme inhibition, photoprotection, and cytotoxicity, followed by phytochemical analysis through spectrophotometric methods, further detailed by Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Electrospray Ionization Mass/Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-Esi-MS/MS).

Results

The water extract demonstrated significant antioxidant activity, evidenced by low half maximal effective concentration (EC₅₀) values in scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals, reducing iron and chelating copper (296, 478, 230 and 678 µg/mL, respectively). The ethanol extract was more effective in inhibiting cosmetic-related enzymes, particularly elastase and hyaluronidase (2.18 and 3.21 µg/mL, respectively). The water and acetone extracts had the highest sun protection factors (23.2 and 18.9, respectively). All the extracts had nil to weak cytotoxicity (70–120% cell viability) towards mammalian cell lines. The water extract had the highest phenolics and condensed tannins (115 and 78.30 mg/g extract, respectively), while the ethanol contained the most flavonoids (62.73 mg/g extract). UHPLC-ESI–MS/MS analysis identified ethyl gallate, myricetin, rutin, and quercetin as major components of the ethanol extract, whereas myricetin-O-rutinoside isomers are predominant in the water extract.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the potential of greenhouse-cultivated sea lavender seeds as potential dermo-cosmetic ingredients, with ethanol and water extracts demonstrating superior biological activities and chemical profiles, significantly contributing to general skin health and protection.

Background

The importance of oral hygiene maintenance is of prime importance in dentulous and edentulous individuals. There are numerous types of bacteria which colonise in the oral cavity. Completely edentulous individuals have to follow proper hygiene procedures to keep their dentures germ free which can prevent numerous oral conditions. The main aim of this text was to briefly understand the interaction between microorganisms and denture, discuss the various methods of preventing plaque formation on dentures and highlight the natural antimicrobial agents in detail.

Main body

There are numerous factors which play a role in biofilm formation. Methods such as patient education, maintenance of denture hygiene and use of pharmacological methods have proven to effectively reduce or prevent the growth of microorganisms. Pharmacological agents can broadly be classified into natural and synthetic based on their source of origin. Based on their mechanism of action, they are classified as biocides, biocide releasing polymers and surface acting agents. The use of natural v/s synthetic products has always seen positives and negatives. Apart from the antimicrobial activity, the influence of these agents on the mechanical properties also remains an important aspect. This text highlights the various natural antimicrobial agents that can be incorporated in the dentures and the effect they have on the mechanical properties of the dentures.

Conclusion

The interaction between microorganisms and denture has been explored in detail. The various natural and synthetic antimicrobial agents have been enlisted following which the natural antimicrobials have been discussed in detail. The various natural products have shown marked antimicrobial nature however, their influence on the mechanical properties is lacking.

Background

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a popular abdominal surgery and the most common problem for patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the postoperative pain, and associated side effects due to opioids use for pain management and multimodal analgesia is suggested to reduce postoperative pain and need for postoperative opioids. This controlled clinical trial compares the effects of multimodal analgesia and pregabalin as unimodal analgesia on postoperative pain management, postoperative opioids consumption, and reduction of opioids accompanied adverse effects in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy where large multicenter studies evaluating specific analgesic combinations are lacking.

Method

This comparison randomized controlled trial between multimodal analgesia approach and pregabalin as unimodal analgesia included 95 laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients that were randomly allocated to three groups using a simple randomization method where multimodal and pregabalin groups included 30 patients in each and the drugs was administered orally one hour before the incision and control group included 35 patients that did not receive any preoperative analgesia. Multimodal analgesic therapy included acetaminophen 1 g, pregabalin 150 mg and celecoxib 400 mg while pregabalin group received pregabalin 150 mg only.

Results

Multimodal group showed a significantly lower need for total opioid analgesics mean ± SD (1.33 ± 1.918) as compared to the control group mean ± SD (3.31 ± 2.784) with p-value 0.014. Pregabalin and multimodal groups showed significantly lower postoperative visual analogue scale used for pain assessment mean ± SD (3.50 ± 2.543) and mean ± SD (3.70 ± 2.231), respectively, compared to the control group mean ± SD (5.89 ± 2.857) with p-value 0.001.

Conclusion

Multimodal analgesia reduced postoperative opioids consumption more than pregabalin alone when used preoperatively in laparoscopic cholecystectomy and consequently reduced opioids associated adverse effects, but they have the same efficacy in reducing postoperative pain, so pregabalin can be used alone preoperatively in patients with contraindications for using some analgesics included in multimodal analgesia protocol. The study was registered retrospectively in clinical trials; Trial registration ID: NCT05547659.

Background

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global epidemic disease affecting millions each year. Recent studies have suggested novel biomarkers that are linked to DM. This study aimed to measure the levels of fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) and adiponectin in the blood of patients with type 2 DM and to assess the variations in their levels in response to the type of treatments. The possible correlations with several biochemical parameters and the diagnostic potential of FGF-21 and adiponectin as biomarkers for DM were also investigated. Eighty subjects were classified into control, Type 2 DM patients who were treated with metformin, Type 2 DM patients who were treated with metformin + oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs), and Type 2 DM patients who were treated with insulin + metformin + OHAs.

Results

The metformin + OHAs group and the insulin + metformin + OHAs group had higher levels of FGF-21 when compared to the control group. The metformin + OHAs also had significantly higher adiponectin levels when compared to the control or metformin groups. The serum levels of FGF-21 in the diabetic subjects were negatively correlated with LDL, direct bilirubin, albumin, and insulin levels and positively correlated with the duration of DM. However, the serum levels of adiponectin in the diabetic subjects were negatively correlated with weight while positively correlated with potassium levels. Remarkably, FGF-21 and adiponectin were effective biomarkers for diagnosing DM with a specificity of 100% and 90% and sensitivity of 52.3% and 64.5%, respectively.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that FGF-21 and adiponectin play crucial roles in DM diagnosis and prognosis and that their levels change depending on the treatment type.

Background

While often unrecognized, brucellosis, a significant zoonotic disease, silently endangers the health of mothers and children worldwide. This scoping review sheds light on transmission pathways, maternal–fetal consequences, and treatment hurdles, specifically considering maternal and child health concerns.

Method

To comprehensively grasp brucellosis in mothers and children, we systematically scoured electronic databases (DOAJ, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Semantic Scholar) for studies published after 2005. Our search included experimental studies (both randomized controlled clinical trials and quasi-experimental), analytical observations, descriptive reports, qualitative papers, and existing systematic reviews. All retrieved data were then charted and processed following Arksey and O'Malley's established framework for scoping reviews.

Result

Twenty-five studies spanning varied regions and methodologies met inclusion criteria. Key findings demonstrate that zoonotic brucellosis acquisition from livestock exposures among vulnerable maternal groups accounts for up to 70% of cases. Vertical transmission from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding was reported in 15–20% of cases. Substantial risks of miscarriage (25%), preterm birth (20%), hepatosplenomegaly (10%), febrile illness (30%), and possible long-term complications were documented. Treatment success rates using combination antibiotic therapy were reported to be as high as 98%, though emerging antibiotic resistance patterns challenge effective treatment, with 25% of Brucella isolates resistant to rifampin and 51% resistant to both trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and streptomycin.

Conclusion

This review reveals the alarming yet hidden toll brucellosis takes on maternal–fetal pairs and breastfeeding. In regions battling this endemic disease, tailored education, upgraded diagnostic tools, prompt antibiotic therapy, responsible antimicrobial stewardship, and One Health collaborations offer crucial pathways to shield mothers and children from its harmful consequences. Continued research will pave the way for even better solutions to alleviate this complex zoonosis, particularly for vulnerable populations.

Background

The deformation of oral and maxillofacial region leads to not only the damage of morphology and function, but also a series of aesthetic and psychological problems, severely affecting the quality of life of patients. Oral tissue engineering refers to developing biomaterials for repair or regeneration, with the application of tissue engineering technologies. This has become an area of increasing prominence. Current biologically inert materials are insufficient to fulfill clinical requirements. Therefore, tissue-engineered biomaterials with bioactive, even bionic properties are desperately needed.

Main body

The complexity of the anatomy and the diversity of tissue types of oral and maxillofacial region pose great challenges to the regeneration, in the aspects of both biomaterials and manufacturing technologies. Biomaterials in clinical practice or research have evolved from natural materials to synthetic materials, from homogeneous materials to multiple composite materials. And now composite materials have increasingly demonstrated their advantages in terms of physicochemical and biological properties over conventional materials. In terms of manufacturing, traditional coating, sintering, and milling technologies can no longer satisfy the requirements for high-precision bionic structures of oral-tissue-engineering biomaterials. Scientists have turned to biofabrication technologies such as microfluidics and additive manufacturing.

Short conclusion

This review aims to summarize the noteworthy advancements made in biomaterials of oral tissue engineering. We outlined the current biomaterials and manufacturing technologies and focused on various applications of these materials that may be connected to clinical treatment and research. We also suggested the future direction of development for biomaterials in oral tissue engineering. In future, biomaterials characterized by precision, functionalization, and individualization will be manufactured through digital, microfluidic, and 3D printing technologies.

Graphical abstract