This longitudinal study examined latent profiles of parent–child interaction and their associations with triadic family interaction.
A child's development is significantly influenced by early family relationships. Family systems theory emphasizes the interrelations between family subsystems, such as parent–child and parent–parent relationships, as well as the family as a whole. However, few studies have examined the relationship between each parent–child dyad and triadic family interaction.
Fathers and mothers were separately videotaped interacting with their child (n = 120) at 4 and 18 months and assessed using the Parent–Child Early Relational Assessment. Triadic family interaction was evaluated at 18 months using the Family Alliance Assessment Scale within a Lausanne Trilogue Play setting.
Four latent profiles of parent–child interaction were identified. Dyadic interaction that was characterized by reciprocity, positive affect, and low negativity was associated with higher family coordination. However, interaction characterized by a lack of reciprocity, negativity, and dyadic tension was related to less coordinated triadic family interaction.
Well-functioning parent–child interaction contributes to higher-quality triadic family interaction. In contrast, challenges in early father–child interaction, including emotional distance, a lack of positive paternal involvement, and limited mutual engagement, are linked to lower-quality triadic family interaction.
This study highlights the importance of supporting early parent–child relationships to promote well-functioning and coordinated triadic family interaction, and the inclusion of fathers in interventions aiming to improve family dynamics.
This study qualitatively examined family-building desires of diverse adopted adolescents.
Research on parenting aspirations has rarely included youth with LGBTQ+ parents and/or from adoptive families. Understanding diverse adopted adolescents' feelings about parenthood may yield insights regarding identity and ideas about family.
We conducted a thematic analysis of interview data from 48 adopted adolescents (27 were LGBTQ+) in the United States, aged 13 to 18, from lesbian, gay, and heterosexual two-parent families.
Most adolescents desired future parenthood, after achieving other normative milestones, and they typically did not feel familial or societal pressure to become parents. LGBTQ+ participants showed a preference for adoption while transracially adopted adolescents preferred biological parenthood.
Guided by developmental approaches about identity and adoption, as well as queer family theory, we found that teenagers adopted by lesbian, gay, and heterosexual couples generally envisioned parenthood for themselves. Plans to do so varied by minoritized gender, sexual, and racial/ethnic identities. Thus, an intersectional perspective is imperative to understand youths' thoughts about family building.
Our findings reveal insights into adopted adolescents' constructed future identities. Practitioners' understanding of adopted adolescents' development and future planning may be enhanced when adolescents' perspectives are considered.
This study examined family dynamics that are common in families experiencing elder family financial exploitation (EFFE) using an innovative analytical protocol, qualitative genogram analysis.
EFFE is a form of elder abuse that affects many older adults and their families. Individual factors associated with EFFE have been examined, but what is missing is a greater focus on the complex family dynamics that contribute to this violation of older family members.
Using qualitative genogram analysis (QGA), a three-step analytical protocol using family systems theory as a foundation, this study identified key relationship patterns commonly found in families where exploitation had occurred. Family genograms generated from 20 interviewees representing 20 families that reportedly experienced EFFE were used to identify common family dynamic themes.
Using QGA, we identified four relational dynamic themes across families: distance and closeness, triangulation, power and dominance, and partner influence.
These themes illustrate that families experiencing EFFE have several similar relational dynamics, which may have contributed to creating contexts that made older family members more vulnerable to financial exploitation.
The findings of this study provide important indicators for practitioners (e.g., family therapists, family life educators, family attorneys) and policymakers in supporting older family members in making better financial decisions later in life.
This study sought to illuminate the barriers service providers experience in delivering healing services to enhance father and child well-being.
Manifestations of structural barriers, such as racism, mother-centric practices, and disproportionate incarceration among Black and Brown fathers prevail. Little is known, however, about how providers describe barriers they encounter toward engaging fathers in services to equip them with the capacity to coparent effectively.
A convenience sample of providers (n = 24) representing a diverse array of child and family service systems responded to questions from a semistructured interview guide. Thematic analyses were conducted to describe how providers engage with fathers and their perceptions of barriers related to their ability to engage them in services.
Findings revealed three types of barriers, each representing a separate theme: micro (biases, colorblindness), societal (devaluation of fathers' role), and systemic (racism, mother-centrism). Strategies to address barriers included implementing strengths-based practices, creating spaces to engage in reflexivity, and investing in father-centric programming. Most strategies involved modifying the micro context, conveying that future efforts should focus on developing procedures and policies that will enhance micro practices.
This study captured the experiences of change agents and healers working with fathers and families. Their experiences illuminate obstacles they must contend with at the micro, societal, and systemic levels of practice.
Providers indicated that fathers will not benefit from services unless organizations embrace father-centric, strength-based healing practices and allocate space to engage in reflexivity about biases and the impact of systemic racism.
This qualitative study examined the experiences of young adults raised by single mothers by choice and the way the circumstances of their upbringing have modeled their personal identity and mother–child relationships.
Being conceived through anonymous sperm donation may create uncertainty among children and young adults. However, there is little research on the implications of this situation from the perspective of young adults.
In-depth narrative interviews were conducted with 21 young Israeli adults born to single mothers by choice as a result of anonymous sperm donation.
The findings revealed several themes regarding the relationship with the mother, including her image as influential, exclusive, and deeply invested in the relationship. The interviews highlighted anxiety of abandonment and dependency on the mother, who was presented as both powerful and vulnerable or dependent on her child. Participants expressed mix of appreciation and anger toward their mothers' decision. They often conveyed that their mothers had openly and transparently discussed the circumstances surrounding their birth.
The experience of children of single mothers by choice conceived by sperm donation is complex, including mixed feelings regarding their relationship with their mother and the effects of the father's absence on their life and identity.
The findings underscore the importance of considering anonymity in sperm donation within policy and bioethical research. Additionally, they carry implications for interventions aimed at supporting single-mother-by-choice families.
The goal of this research was to map and identify service and social policy needs, gaps, barriers, and enablers for Western Australian custodial grandparent carers.
Grandparents are increasingly providing custodial kinship care for their grandchildren, yet there is substantial inconsistency in policy frameworks, systems, and services that offer support to grandfamilies across Australia.
This mixed-methods research project synthesized micro- to macro-level data, including grandparent carer respondents to an online survey, qualitative interviews with stakeholder organization representatives, focus groups with key agency frontline staff, and service, social policy, and legislative mapping.
Current focused and generic services do not meet the complex needs of many grandparent carers and their families, particularly informal grandparent carers and those with diverse, intersectional needs.
Grandparent carers are an often hidden and marginalized population, with many struggling within a complex policy and service delivery framework that may encompass multiple sectors. There are service, policy, and legislative gaps, particularly for informal grandparent carers and those who may already be experiencing intersectional disadvantage.
Holistic, culturally competent, individualized, and flexible service and social policy responses need to be developed to support grandfamilies, as well as further funding, support and legislative recognition for informal grandparent carers.
The purpose of this study is to describe how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the lives of families with preschool-age children, both broadly and with respect to familial roles, relationships, and routines.
The COVID-19 pandemic placed a significant caregiving burden on families with young children, but the voices and experiences of these families have not been well documented in the scientific literature. Preschool-age children undergo rapid brain development during the early childhood period, and thus these children may be especially vulnerable to the effects of pandemic-related stress.
We conducted a qualitative descriptive study with caregivers of preschool-age children. A semi-structured interview was used to elicit information about the COVID-19 pandemic's influence on family functioning, routines, and relationships. We used inductive thematic analysis to code the data and identify themes and subthemes.
Thirty-five women participated in the study. Women described both positive and negative influences of the pandemic on family life. Themes included: 1) disrupted routines and the parent juggling act, 2) rattled relationships and close connections, 3) the pile-up of pandemic related stressors, and 4) coping strategies and “coming out on the other side.”
A deeper understanding of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on family life provides critical insight necessary to inform targeted intervention efforts and improve long-term outcomes for families with young children.
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