International Journal of Intercultural Relations最新文献

Academic adaptation of international students in the chinese higher education environment: A case study with mixed methods 中国高等教育环境中留学生的学业适应性：混合方法案例研究

IF 2.4 2区社会学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

International Journal of Intercultural Relations

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2024.102082

Although the number of international students (ISs) studying in Chinese higher education institutions is growing, their academic adaptation experiences remain under-investigated. This study employed a case study with a convergent design to understand how ISs experienced academic adaptation. It was found that ISs’ academic adaptation is related to a series of individual (motivation, language proficiency, acculturation strategies) and sociocultural (support resources, intercultural training) factors as well as the interplay of the factors over time. At the group level, academic adaptation was positively associated with motivation, bilingual proficiency (Mandarin and English), the integration strategy, perceived support from Chinese teachers, and intercultural training, and negatively related to the marginalization strategy. Further qualitative findings through reflective journals explained how ISs’ motivational adjustments, their improvement in Mandarin and English proficiency, the adoption of integration in different situations, and the use of heterogeneous functions of intercultural training and support resources contributed to individual ISs’ academic journey in China. Informed by these empirical findings, this study offers implications for the support and training of ISs.

尽管在中国高等院校就读的留学生（ISs）人数不断增加，但对他们的学术适应经历的研究仍然不足。本研究采用聚合设计的案例研究来了解留学生如何体验学术适应。研究发现，ISs的学业适应与一系列个体因素（学习动机、语言能力、文化适应策略）和社会文化因素（支持资源、跨文化培训）以及这些因素随着时间的推移而产生的相互作用有关。在群体层面上，学业适应与学习动机、双语能力（普通话和英语）、融入策略、感知到的来自中国教师的支持以及跨文化培训呈正相关，而与边缘化策略呈负相关。通过反思日记得出的进一步定性研究结果解释了ISs的动机调整、普通话和英语水平的提高、在不同情况下采取的融合策略以及跨文化培训和支持资源的异质功能的使用如何促进了ISs个人在中国的学术之旅。根据这些实证研究结果，本研究为ISs的支持和培训提供了启示。

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引用次数: 0

Bright and dark sides: Does collective behavior past participation experience affect participation willingness? 光明与黑暗面：集体行为过去的参与经历会影响参与意愿吗？

IF 2.4 2区社会学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

International Journal of Intercultural Relations

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2024.102078

In the process of cultural adaptation from rural to urban areas, it is an essential issue to understand the collective behavior of migrant workers in cross-cultural conflicts. The lack of an effective response to collective behavior not only causes serious physical and psychological damage to migrant workers but also affects the city’s stability and society’s harmony. From the perspective of typology, this study divided collective behavior into two types: positive collective behavior and negative collective behavior. Based on the data of 1925 samples collected through questionnaires from Shenzhen, China, OLS regression and a generalized propensity score were used to investigate the influence of collective behavior participation experience on participation willingness, as well as the moderating and mediating mechanisms of social networks and perceived institutional support. Empirical results demonstrated that different types of participation experience had a positive predictive effect on participation willingness, and participation experience had a more substantial impact on participation willingness in the same direction. Concurrently, the study also found the moderating role of social networks and the mediating role of perceived institutional support between behavior and willingness. This theoretical-oriented empirical study found the mechanisms between collective behavior and willingness. Findings could help deepen the understanding of collective behavior, weaken the negative impact caused by group conflicts, and better maintain the physical and mental health of migrant workers.

在从农村到城市的文化适应过程中，如何理解跨文化冲突中农民工的集体行为是一个至关重要的问题。如果缺乏对集体行为的有效应对，不仅会给农民工造成严重的身心伤害，也会影响城市的稳定与社会的和谐。从类型学的角度，本研究将集体行为分为积极集体行为和消极集体行为两种类型。基于从中国深圳通过问卷调查收集到的 1925 个样本数据，采用 OLS 回归和广义倾向得分来研究集体行为参与经验对参与意愿的影响，以及社会网络和感知制度支持的调节和中介机制。实证结果表明，不同类型的参与经验对参与意愿有正向预测作用，而参与经验对参与意愿的影响在同一方向上更大。同时，研究还发现了社会网络的调节作用以及感知到的制度支持在行为和意愿之间的中介作用。这项以理论为导向的实证研究发现了集体行为与意愿之间的机制。研究结果有助于加深对集体行为的理解，削弱群体冲突带来的负面影响，更好地维护农民工的身心健康。

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引用次数: 0

Sense of belongingness, discrimination, and mental health: Associations and buffering effects of sense of belonging on mental health among Finnish native and immigrant-origin youth 归属感、歧视和心理健康：芬兰本土青年和移民青年的归属感对心理健康的影响和缓冲作用

IF 2.4 2区社会学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

International Journal of Intercultural Relations

Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2024.102081

A sense of belonging is crucial for mental health and well-being, but immigrants may find achieving a sense of belonging elusive. This study examined the relationship between sense of belonging and mental health among Finnish native, and first- and second-generation immigrant adolescents (N = 61 540) in Finland. Moreover, we estimated whether sense of belonging buffered the negative effect of experienced discrimination on mental health. Immigrants were split into two groups based on their countries of origin: Iraq, Iran, Somalia, and Afghanistan (MENAP, predominantly forced migration), and to immigrant adolescents from other countries (OCO, predominantly voluntary migration). Using structural equation modelling, we estimated the association of sense of belonging with symptoms of depression, generalized anxiety, and positive mental well-being. Finally, we conducted moderation analyses to estimate whether sense of belonging mitigated the negative effect of discrimination on mental health. Our findings revealed a strong negative link between sense of belonging and symptoms of depression, and anxiety, particularly among first-generation MENAP youth. The positive relation of sense of belonging with mental well-being was weaker among all groups, especially among first-generation. Importantly, sense of belonging buffered the negative effect of discrimination on mental health, mostly with similar estimates across groups. We discuss the possible reasons explaining the group differences and present possible actions needed for schools and mental health services in addressing the needs of immigrant youth.

归属感对心理健康和幸福感至关重要，但移民可能会发现归属感难以实现。本研究考察了芬兰本土青少年、第一代和第二代移民青少年（人数=61 540）的归属感与心理健康之间的关系。此外，我们还估计了归属感是否能缓冲经历歧视对心理健康的负面影响。移民根据其原籍国分为两组：伊拉克、伊朗、索马里和阿富汗（MENAP，主要是被迫移民），以及来自其他国家的移民青少年（OCO，主要是自愿移民）。通过结构方程模型，我们估算了归属感与抑郁症状、广泛焦虑和积极心理健康之间的关系。最后，我们进行了调节分析，以估计归属感是否减轻了歧视对心理健康的负面影响。我们的研究结果表明，归属感与抑郁症状和焦虑症状之间存在很强的负相关，尤其是在第一代中东和北非裔青少年中。在所有群体中，归属感与心理健康的正相关关系较弱，尤其是在第一代人中。重要的是，归属感缓冲了歧视对心理健康的负面影响，不同群体的估计值大多相似。我们讨论了造成群体差异的可能原因，并提出了学校和心理健康服务机构在满足移民青少年需求方面可能需要采取的行动。

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引用次数: 0

Sea turtles stranded ashore: Sociocultural dissonance and identity conflicts in migration intentions of Chinese international student returnees 搁浅在岸上的海龟中国留学生归国移民意向中的社会文化失调与身份冲突

IF 2.4 2区社会学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

International Journal of Intercultural Relations

Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2024.102079

In the post-COVID-19 era, Chinese international student returnees are facing greater identity conflicts during their reintegration. Understanding their sociocultural and ideological identity negotiation will better accommodate their needs and facilitate their integration into society. This study explored identity conflicts experienced by Chinese student returnees across ecological systems after reentry to China during COVID-19. A qualitative approach was used with 20 returnees. The key findings of this study reveal multi-layered conflicts stemming from the discordance between traditional Eastern values and newly acquired Western perspectives across meso-to-macro systems. In addition, important factors corresponding to returnees’ social capital were identified during the acculturation. Coping mechanisms and migration intentions were observed to vary distinctly among the identified identity clusters. Individuals with a "homestayer" identity, characterized by a deep commitment to integrating with the Chinese community and a higher level of perceived social capital in China, predominantly employed positive coping strategies, such as behavioral adaptation. This group exhibited a strong inclination to remain in China. Conversely, those with a "wayfarer" identity, who experienced deeper immersion in foreign cultures and displayed critical views towards Chinese society with a perceived low social capital in China, tended to adopt negative coping strategies like social withdrawal, correlating with a pronounced intention to migrate. Finally, "navigators", who skillfully balance their native Chinese and foreign cultural identities and effectively manage transnational engagements and diverse cultural norms through their perceived strong social capital in both societies, demonstrated a tendency towards hybrid coping strategies tailored to individual scenarios, reflecting a nuanced, case-by-case approach. This group exhibited a mixed migration intention, indicative of their flexible identity orientation. These findings suggest the need for multi-level support systems and policies that not only facilitate returnee identity continuity but also foster an inclusive and diverse societal framework to effectively retain this valuable population.

在后 "COVID-19 "时代，中国归国留学生在重新融入社会的过程中面临着更大的身份冲突。了解他们在社会文化和意识形态方面的身份协商，可以更好地满足他们的需求，促进他们融入社会。本研究探讨了在 COVID-19 期间，中国留学回国人员在重返中国后在不同生态系统中经历的身份冲突。本研究采用定性方法对 20 名海归进行了研究。本研究的主要发现揭示了多层次的冲突，这些冲突源于传统东方价值观与新获得的西方视角在中观到宏观系统之间的不协调。此外，在文化适应过程中，还发现了与海归社会资本相对应的重要因素。据观察，在已确定的身份群组中，应对机制和移民意向存在明显差异。具有 "归国者 "身份的人，其特点是对融入华人社区有很深的承诺，并认为自己在中国拥有较高水平的社会资本，他们主要采用积极的应对策略，如行为适应。这一群体表现出强烈的留在中国的倾向。与此相反，那些具有 "旅行者 "身份的人，在外国文化中经历了更深的熏陶，对中国社会持批判态度，认为自己在中国的社会资本较低，他们倾向于采取消极的应对策略，如社会退缩，这与明显的移民意向相关。最后是 "领航者"，他们巧妙地平衡了自己的中国本土文化身份和外国文化身份，并通过其在两个社会的强大社会资本有效地处理跨国交往和不同的文化规范，他们倾向于根据个人情况采取混合应对策略，反映了一种细致入微、因人而异的方法。这一群体表现出混合移民意向，表明了他们灵活的身份取向。这些研究结果表明，有必要制定多层次的支持系统和政策，不仅要促进回归者身份的连续性，还要促进包容和多样化的社会框架，以有效留住这一宝贵群体。

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引用次数: 0

50+ years of psychological acculturation research: Progress and challenges 50 多年的心理文化适应研究：进展与挑战

IF 2.4 2区社会学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

International Journal of Intercultural Relations

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2024.102076

Acculturation psychology, now over fifty years old, has evolved significantly since its inception in the mid-1960s. This paper seeks to shape the future of the field by addressing recent criticisms and controversies such as the association between integration and adaptation. The author reflects on acculturation psychology’s journey and highlights how global migration trends have accelerated the growth of acculturation as a critical area in psychology. Despite its popularity, the field has faced methodological challenges that necessitate a review of psychometric issues and foundational models. Given the profound impact of acculturation research on millions of lives, our findings must be clear and uncontested. The paper calls for re-evaluating the field's goals and objectives in light of the evolving ethnic compositions of societies. It advocates for leveraging methodological advancements and sophisticated statistical tools to ensure that acculturation research continues to contribute positively to humanity.

文化适应心理学自二十世纪六十年代中期创立以来，已经走过了五十多年的历程，取得了长足的发展。本文试图通过探讨最近的批评和争议（如融合与适应之间的关联）来塑造该领域的未来。作者回顾了文化适应心理学的发展历程，强调了全球移民趋势如何加速了文化适应作为心理学重要领域的发展。尽管这一领域很受欢迎，但它也面临着方法论方面的挑战，因此有必要对心理测量问题和基础模型进行回顾。鉴于文化适应研究对数百万人生活的深远影响，我们的研究结果必须清晰明确、无可争议。本文呼吁根据不断变化的社会种族构成，重新评估该领域的目标和目的。它主张利用方法上的进步和先进的统计工具，确保文化适应研究继续为人类做出积极贡献。

引用次数: 0

A multilevel review of the psychological and emotional challenges faced by skilled migrants: Extending the psychological toll model 对技术移民面临的心理和情感挑战进行多层次审查：扩展心理收费模式

IF 2.4 2区社会学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

International Journal of Intercultural Relations

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2024.102074

Despite decades-long research on global migration and mobility, our understanding of how migrants integrate into contemporary society is far from complete. This gap primarily results from knowledge fragmented across disciplines and the absence of a comprehensive perspective on skilled migrants’ organizational and life experiences in foreign countries. Particularly, insufficient attention has been paid to the various psychological and emotional challenges migrants face during cross-cultural interactions throughout their socioeconomic integration journeys. To address this gap, we conduct a systematic review of 153 empirical studies spanning multiple disciplines to explore the psychological challenges skilled migrants experience. Building upon Molinsky’s (2007) psychological toll model, we incorporate multilevel contextual factors, unveil a new categorization of emotions, and introduce individual-level outcomes that have been overlooked. Our new model also points to the critical moderating roles of stakeholders, who can either amplify or diminish the impacts of contextual factors on psychological and emotional states. Our findings have significant implications for future research at the intersection of migration and cross-cultural management and for scholars and practitioners interested in enhancing skilled migrants’ integration into both the workforce and society.

尽管对全球移民和流动性的研究已有数十年之久，但我们对移民如何融入当代社会的了解还远远不够。造成这一差距的主要原因是各学科的知识支离破碎，以及缺乏对技术移民在外国的组织和生活经历的全面透视。尤其是对移民在整个社会经济融合过程中跨文化互动所面临的各种心理和情感挑战关注不够。为了弥补这一不足，我们对跨越多个学科的 153 项实证研究进行了系统回顾，以探讨技术移民所经历的心理挑战。在莫林斯基（Molinsky，2007 年）的 "心理障碍模型 "基础上，我们纳入了多层次的背景因素，揭示了一种新的情绪分类方法，并引入了一直被忽视的个人层面的结果。我们的新模型还指出了利益相关者的关键调节作用，他们可以放大或缩小环境因素对心理和情绪状态的影响。我们的研究结果对未来有关移民和跨文化管理的交叉研究，以及对有志于促进技术移民融入劳动力和社会的学者和从业人员都具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating the effect of digital storytelling on multicultural competencies and social justice: A mixed method study in psychological counseling education 调查数字故事对多元文化能力和社会正义的影响：心理咨询教育中的混合方法研究

IF 2.4 2区社会学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

International Journal of Intercultural Relations

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2024.102065

This study examined the effect of an education process supported by digital storytelling (DST) regarding immigration on the multicultural competencies and social justice of psychological counselor candidates. The research was designed with mixed methods. Twenty-two junior students studying in the guidance and psychological counseling department of the Faculty of Education of a state university participated in the study. The study was conducted over nine weeks. In the quantitative phase of the research, a single group pretest posttest quasi-experimental design was used. To collect data for the qualitative phase, the researchers created an open-ended questionnaire to collect the opinions of psychological counselor candidates about the application process. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, one of the non-parametric tests, was used to analyze quantitative data in the study. As a result of the application process, there was a positive significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores of the students in the study group regarding their multicultural competence and their attitudes towards social justice. According to qualitative findings, four themes emerged regarding multicultural competencies: (a) Awareness, (b) Understanding different cultures, (c) Professional skills, (d) Concepts. The themes that emerged regarding social justice are as follows: (a) Sensitivity, (b) Advocacy for rights, (c) Social structure, (d) Fundamental rights. Considering these findings, educational process supported by migration-themed DST positively contributed to the multicultural competencies of psychological counselor candidates and their attitudes toward social justice.

本研究探讨了在数字故事（DST）的支持下，有关移民的教育过程对心理咨询师候选人的多元文化能力和社会公正的影响。研究采用了混合方法。22 名就读于某州立大学教育学院指导与心理咨询系的大三学生参与了研究。研究历时九周。在定量研究阶段，采用了单组前测后测准实验设计。为了收集定性阶段的数据，研究人员制作了一份开放式问卷，以收集心理咨询师候选人对申请过程的意见。研究采用了非参数检验之一的 Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test 来分析定量数据。结果显示，在申请过程中，研究组学生在多元文化能力和对社会公正的态度方面的前测和后测得分存在正向显著差异。定性研究结果显示，在多元文化能力方面出现了四个主题：(a) 意识，(b) 了解不同文化，(c) 专业技能，(d) 观念。在社会公正方面出现的主题如下(a) 敏感性，(b) 倡导权利，(c) 社会结构，(d) 基本权利。考虑到这些研究结果，以移民为主题的 DST 所支持的教育过程对心理咨询师候选人的多元文化能力及其对社会公正的态度起到了积极的促进作用。

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引用次数: 0

Beyond perceived risk: COVID-19 vaccination more strongly linked to individual risk perception in wheat areas than rice areas 超越感知风险：与水稻地区相比，小麦地区的 COVID-19 疫苗接种与个人风险意识的关系更为密切

IF 2.4 2区社会学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

International Journal of Intercultural Relations

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2024.102075

Vaccines save lives, but vaccine hesitancy remains a global health challenge. That makes it critical to explore the factors that influence whether people get vaccinated. Perceived risk is a pivotal factor in traditional theories of health behavior, such as the Risk Perception Attitude framework and the Health Belief Model. However, studies have found that these models are less predictive of COVID-19 vaccination in some cultures. Studies that test culture by comparing nations are useful, but nations have different healthcare systems and policies that are hard to equate and control for. We addressed this question by testing regional cultural differences in China. Drawing on the rice theory, we compared residents in China's historical rice-farming areas (which are more interdependent) with those in wheat-farming areas (which are more independent). Our survey data from 1872 participants in 29 provinces found that models of perceived risk explained COVID-19 vaccination mainly in historically wheat-farming areas. Conversely, in historically rice-farming areas, perceived risk did not explain vaccination behavior. These findings suggest that cultural factors that are rooted in historical farming practices influence vaccination behaviors. By comparing regions within the same country, we can rule out confounds of national policy and healthcare systems. These insights could help policymakers understand how to tailor vaccination campaigns to people from different cultures.

疫苗可以挽救生命，但疫苗接种犹豫不决仍然是全球健康面临的一项挑战。因此，探索影响人们是否接种疫苗的因素至关重要。在传统的健康行为理论（如风险认知态度框架和健康信念模型）中，风险认知是一个关键因素。然而，研究发现，在某些文化中，这些模型对 COVID-19 疫苗接种的预测性较低。通过比较国家来测试文化的研究是有用的，但各国有不同的医疗保健系统和政策，很难等同和控制。我们通过测试中国的地区文化差异来解决这个问题。根据水稻理论，我们比较了中国历史上水稻种植区（相互依赖程度较高）和小麦种植区（独立性较高）的居民。我们对 29 个省份 1872 名参与者的调查数据发现，在历史上种植小麦的地区，感知风险模型主要解释了 COVID-19 疫苗的接种情况。相反，在历史上种植水稻的地区，感知风险并不能解释疫苗接种行为。这些发现表明，植根于历史农耕习俗的文化因素会影响疫苗接种行为。通过比较同一国家的不同地区，我们可以排除国家政策和医疗保健系统的干扰。这些见解有助于政策制定者了解如何针对不同文化背景的人群开展疫苗接种活动。

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引用次数: 0

Casting a long shadow: Examining the relationships between vicarious and direct racism and generalized trust among Asian communities in New Zealand during COVID-19 投下长长的阴影：研究 COVID-19 期间新西兰亚裔社区中的替代和直接种族主义与普遍信任之间的关系

IF 2.4 2区社会学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

International Journal of Intercultural Relations

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2024.102072

Utilizing a social learning perspective, this study investigated the associations between vicarious and direct racism and generalized trust among Asian communities in New Zealand during COVID-19, highlighting the comparability of their effects. Data from a cross-sectional online survey conducted in 2021 (N = 1377), were utilized to estimate the prevalence of vicarious and direct racism experiences and the distribution of since-COVID generalized trust. Linear regression was used to assess the association between experiences of racism and shifts in generalized trust. Findings indicate that almost 40 % of participants experienced racism, with vicarious experiences of physical violence and unfair treatment being more prevalent, while direct experiences of microaggressions and verbal/written abuse were more common. Female, younger, Chinese, and South East Asian participants, those for whom English is a first language, and students reported disproportionate reductions in generalized trust. Negative associations were identified between vicarious and direct racism experiences and changes in generalized trust. Crucially, our analysis reveals that vicarious microaggression experiences have a greater negative association with generalized trust than direct experiences, challenging prevailing perceptions of their significance. Emphasizing a comprehensive approach to eliminating all forms of racism, the findings support the need for critical scrutiny of media reporting of racism and its influence on trust.

本研究利用社会学习的视角，调查了在 COVID-19 期间新西兰亚裔社区中的替代和直接种族主义与普遍信任之间的关联，强调了其影响的可比性。研究利用 2021 年进行的一项横断面在线调查（N = 1377）的数据，估算了代入式和直接式种族主义经历的普遍程度，以及自 COVID 以来普遍信任度的分布情况。线性回归用于评估种族主义经历与普遍信任度变化之间的关联。研究结果表明，近 40% 的参与者经历过种族主义，其中身体暴力和不公平待遇的替代经历更为普遍，而微词攻击和口头/书面辱骂的直接经历更为常见。女性、年轻人、中国人、东南亚人、以英语为母语的人和学生报告的普遍信任度降低的比例更高。我们发现，替代和直接的种族主义经历与普遍信任度的变化之间存在负相关。重要的是，我们的分析表明，与直接经历相比，替代性微侵害经历与普遍信任之间的负相关更大，这对普遍认为其重要性的看法提出了挑战。研究结果强调了消除一切形式种族主义的综合方法，并支持对媒体有关种族主义的报道及其对信任的影响进行严格审查的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Mixed feelings. Changing group-based emotions explain the decline in collective action for Ukrainian refugees 喜忧参半。基于群体的情感变化解释了乌克兰难民集体行动减少的原因

IF 2.4 2区社会学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

International Journal of Intercultural Relations

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2024.102057

This study (N = 477) aimed to investigate whether over-time changes in group-based emotions explain the gradual decline in third-group members’ collective action for a disadvantaged outgroup. We differentiated between three classes of group-based emotions: those related to the bystander ingroup (i.e., pride and guilt), those elicited by a disadvantaged outgroup (i.e., empathy and anxiety), and those related to an advantaged outgroup (i.e., anger and fear). The context for the study was provided by Poles’ (an unaffected third group) collective action for Ukrainian refugees (a disadvantaged outgroup) fleeing the Russian (an advantaged outgroup) invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Using data collected across four measurements conducted between March 2022 and February 2023, we found that the level of Poles’ willingness to engage for Ukrainian refugees and all group-based emotions except guilt decreased over time. Notably, the decline in collective action was explained by the decreases in outgroup-directed empathy and ingroup pride but not by changes in the remaining group-based emotions. These results suggest that third-group members’ engagement for a disadvantaged outgroup may simultaneously depend on outgroup- and ingroup-focused motivations.

本研究（N = 477）旨在探讨群体性情绪随着时间推移的变化是否可以解释第三群体成员为弱势外群体采取的集体行动逐渐减少的原因。我们区分了三类基于群体的情绪：与旁观者内群体相关的情绪（即自豪感和内疚感）、由弱势外群体引发的情绪（即同情和焦虑）以及与优势外群体相关的情绪（即愤怒和恐惧）。这项研究的背景是波兰人（未受影响的第三群体）在 2022 年 2 月为逃离俄罗斯（优势外群体）入侵乌克兰的乌克兰难民（弱势外群体）采取的集体行动。利用 2022 年 3 月至 2023 年 2 月期间进行的四次测量所收集的数据，我们发现波兰人对乌克兰难民的参与意愿水平以及除内疚感之外的所有基于群体的情绪都随着时间的推移而下降。值得注意的是，集体行动的下降是由外群体导向的移情和内群体自豪感的下降造成的，而不是由其余基于群体的情绪的变化造成的。这些结果表明，第三群体成员对弱势外群体的参与可能同时取决于外群体动机和内群体动机。

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引用次数: 0