International Journal of Intercultural Relations最新文献

According to Gordijn (2002), prejudice does not only escalate because of how the ingroup feels towards the outgroup but also because of the perception the ingroup has about how the outgroup feels towards the ingroup, that is meta-prejudice. In a sample of 604 participants, this study explores the extent to which meta-prejudice predicts perceived threat and prejudice towards immigrants in Finland. In line with previous studies, results showed that meta-prejudice significantly predicted the perception of immigrants as a threat and feelings of prejudice towards immigrants. In addition, perceived threat significantly mediated the relationship between meta-prejudice and prejudice towards immigrants. Implications and recommendations for future research are discussed as well.

The re-analysis of Nguyen and Benet-Martínez’s (2013) meta-analytic data and a new meta-analysis of longitudinal studies by Bierwiaczonek and Kunst (2021) showed that the relationship between acculturation and adaptation is weak and that the effect size for unbiased results for integration may not differ from zero. These findings pose a major challenge to acculturation theory and research where the premises that acculturation is reliably related to adaptation and that integration is the most adaptive strategy are widely accepted. In this paper I consider how we as acculturation scholars could respond to this challenge. First, I summarize the results of Bierwiaczonek and Kunst’s (2021) meta-analytic studies and the response by Grigoryev et al. (2023), noting that the findings reported in both papers are characterized by small effect sizes and large amounts of heterogeneity. I then consider what single studies can tell us about acculturation and adaptation, highlighting the influence of methodological and contextual factors on this relationship. Finally, I synthesize research on cultural identity configurations, bicultural identity integration and cultural identity styles to show how each program of research on cultural identity integration leads to different, but more nuanced, conclusions about the relationship between acculturation and adaptation. To advance acculturation theory and research I argue that we should reframe our questions from “to what extent are acculturation and integration related to adaptation?” to “how and when are acculturation and integration related to adaptation?” I also advocate putting more emphasis on acculturation processes and contexts in future research.

This study aimed to classify the bicultural identity profiles of biethnic adolescents in Korea (N = 1298) using latent profile analysis and three indicators—Korean identity, bicultural acceptance, and acculturative stress. Their associations with dropout risk were examined thereafter. Four bicultural identity types emerged: alienated, struggling, adaptable, and embracing. The results revealed that the struggling type with low Korean identity, low bicultural acceptance, and high acculturative stress had the highest dropout risk. However, the embracing type with the highest levels of both Korean identity and bicultural acceptance and the lowest level of acculturative stress had the lowest dropout risk. The findings highlight the importance of developing a balanced bicultural identity.

Traditionally, research in communication and culture (e.g., “cross-cultural communication,” “intercultural communication,” “international communication”) has examined the notions of individualism (IND) and collectivism (COL) extensively. However, the results of these studies are sometimes inconsistent, as documented in previous meta-analyses. This study posits that the theory-data inconsistency can be attributed to accelerated globalization, particularly, improved economic and political situations within traditionally under-developed or developing Asian nations. To examine this prediction, 99 IND-COL studies published between 1988 and 2023 were compiled that compared the U.S. to Asian countries (N = 87,735, k_IND = 131, k_COL = 156), and augmented with national-level socio-political indices (i.e., percent of urban population, gross domestic product, democracy) as predictors of the IND-COL effects. Partially consistent with this study’s prediction, Asian nations with improved socio-political conditions manifested a decline in collectivism. However, these improvements with time did not predict an increase in individualism. The results are discussed in relation to the theoretical definitions of IND and COL, and the limitations of the traditional approach to understanding cross-cultural differences.

Supporting students' flexible use of multiple languages (translanguaging) in English medium instruction (EMI) classrooms might affect students' learning motivation, content and language learning, intercultural competence and intercultural citizenship. Such effect of translanguaging remains underexamined due to a predominance of qualitative inquiries in prior studies. In mainland China, 705 university students with EMI learning experiences completed our surveys. Structural equation modelling showed that among these students, those who received teacher translanguaging instruction have better attitudes toward translanguaging (total effect [TE] =.284), greater motivation (TE =.352), and greater engagement (TE =.352). Students with greater motivation reported learning more content (TE =.339). Students with greater engagement reported learning more English (TE =.805) and more content (TE =.470). All of these are linked to greater intercultural competence (flexibility/openness, personal autonomy, and intercultural communication awareness), which in turn is linked to greater intercultural citizenship (respectively, TEs =.327;.313;.297). These findings show multiple paths from teacher translanguaging instruction to intercultural citizenship, raising the possibility of various supports for translanguaging via different paths at multiple levels. The study provides empirical support for teachers and curriculum developers to create EMI learning environments with flexible language ideologies.

This study investigates the employment transition among Vietnamese skilled migrants in Australia and examines the cultural factors that influence this transition. Employing a qualitative approach, we conducted fifty semi-structured interviews with Vietnamese skilled migrants who migrated to Australia within the last five years and twelve interviews with Australian recruiters to gain further insights into the barriers skilled migrants face. The findings highlighted the cultural challenges encountered by Vietnamese skilled migrants as they moved from Vietnam to Australia, two countries of great cultural distance. Without cultural adaptation support, most skilled migrants had to experience career setbacks before recognising and devising strategies to overcome these hurdles. This study emphasises the need for specialised human resource management (HRM) interventions and strategies that account for the cultural dimensions influencing employment outcomes for this international mobile workforce. Additionally, it calls for future research to expand beyond the examination of skilled migrants’ human and social capital and incorporate various contextual factors in investigating the employment journey of skilled migrants.

In the quest to identify factors that contribute to health disparities in Latina women, acculturation has been examined as a correlate of breast cancer screening. Results have been equivocal, showing no relation, a positive, or a negative relation. In this article, we examined reports of this association over a span of 44 years (1980–2023) to identify reasons for inconsistent results across studies, deriving implications and recommendations for theory building and research. A comprehensive PRISMA review yielded 44 empirical articles with a total sample of over 32,130 Latina women. Through a rigorous process, we uncovered how acculturation has been conceptualized and measured, as well as the nature of the association between acculturation and breast cancer screening across studies. In the 43 studies for which information was available, acculturation was measured 35 different ways. Only seven articles included a definition of acculturation and a conceptualization linking the construct to screening. Findings were mixed; the highest proportion of studies showed no link across constructs. Inconsistent results may be due to (a) a lack of clear definitions or conceptualizations, (b) the use of proxies and unilinear measures, (c) the use of modified and unvalidated measures, and (d) large sample variation across age, ancestry, and geographic location. Given inconsistent findings, no definitive conclusions can be made regarding the association between acculturation and screening behaviors. Results suggest that in future studies, acculturation should be measured as a latent construct with a greater focus on structural factors that may contribute to low screening rates

The literature has examined individual predictors of attitudes toward immigrants, controlled by supra-individual variables, especially in European and North American countries. Nevertheless, this analysis has not been made using South-south migration communities. Thus, this study analyzed the individual predictors of the attitudes toward immigrants from Perú and Venezuela in a Chilean sample, controlling supra-individual variables. We used available data (N total = 956, composed of 599 and 357 for Peruvians and Venezuelans, respectively), considering seven predictors and three types of intergroup attitudes. The main results indicated that contact quality, similarity and social dominance orientation were related to almost all types of attitudes (symbolic threat, realistic threat and liking) toward both immigrant populations, except that similarity and dominance orientation were not associated with realistic threats and liking toward Venezuelans, respectively. The rest of the predictors, contact quantity, generalized trust, political orientation, and right-wing authoritarianism explained three or fewer types of attitudes toward both immigrant communities. We speculated about the reasons why contact quality, similarity and social dominance orientation were associated with more types of attitudes than the rest of the predictors, and the present model’s robustness.

The present study examined if and how contact meta-perceptions might affect the impact of imagined contact on a wide range of intergroup outcomes. 260 Italian university students were randomly allocated to imagine an encounter with a Chinese immigrant (experimental group) or an ingroup member (control group). We then examined if believing that the encounter had been sought only by themselves or by both themselves and the outgroup member (i.e., contact meta-perceptions) could affect the effectiveness of the imagination task, considering also the role of previous direct contact. A significant condition x contact meta-perceptions interaction effect emerged on many intergroup outcomes (i.e., emotions, empathy, trust, outgroup norms, stereotypes, and self-disclosure). Imagined contact was more effective when participants perceived that both themselves and the outgroup member desired contact, with previous direct contact having limited influence. These findings highlight the importance of mutual desire for contact in improving intergroup relations.