Journal of Psychology最新文献

This study investigated the relationships between familial factors in terms of parental autonomy support and parental support and Vocational Education and Training (VET) students' learning motivation, learning approaches, and cognitive flexibility. In this cross-sectional study, a convenient sample of 557 VET students (males = 56.7% and females = 43.35; mean age = 18.41 and SD = 0.85) from ten vocational schools in Bangkok areas, Thailand, responded to a questionnaire of adapted scales on familial factors (i.e., parental autonomy support and parental support), learning motivation (i.e., intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and utility value), learning approaches (i.e., deep learning approaches and surface learning approaches), and cognitive flexibility (i.e., alternatives). Structural equation analyses revealed that parental autonomy support had indirect relationship with alternatives via learning motivation and deep learning approaches, whereas parental support had both direct and indirect association with alternatives through learning motivation and deep learning approaches. Surface learning approaches were not found to significantly predict alternatives. These findings suggest that a familial context that stresses autonomy support and helpful support from parents can motivate VET students to learn and adopt deep approaches to learning, which in turn encourages the development of their cognitive flexibility.

Past research has shown that parental bonding contributes to the psychological well-being of emerging adults; however, the mechanisms of this effect are unclear. Therefore, this study examined the mediator roles of anger expression, anger control, and anxiety in the association between parental bonding (care and overprotection) and life satisfaction. 369 Italian young adults (n_female = 242, n_male = 127) completed self-report measures including the Parental Bonding Instrument, State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Satisfaction with Life Scale. The results revealed that anxiety was a mediator between parental overprotection and life satisfaction. Anger control mediated the relationship between parental care and life satisfaction. Negative expressions of anger mediated the relationship between maternal overprotection and life satisfaction. Also, negative expressions of anger mediated the link between paternal low care and life satisfaction. These findings demonstrated that maternal and paternal bonding might play a role in the life satisfaction of young adults through different underlying psycho-emotional mechanisms.

When it comes to the problem of whether empathy is essential in interpersonal interactions, the answer is undoubtedly affirmative. However, it is important to acknowledge that empathy doesn't always lead to favorable outcomes. When examining the exchange of emotional support between individuals within the framework of empathy, concerns arise regarding its effects on the recipient's psychological health when they perceive their partner's empathy as unjust or unequal. We focus on two key aspects in the family environment: the perceived differences in empathy between 'partner toward others' and 'partner toward me' (DIF1), and similarly, between 'me toward the partner' and 'partner toward me' (DIF2). This study aims to shed light on the relationship between the perceived differences in empathy and depression, and its underlying mechanisms from the perspective of empathy recipients. Drawing on survey data from 745 participants, we found that: DIF1, as well as DIF2, could positively predict depression. Personal relative deprivation mediates the relationship between perceived differences in cognitive empathy and individual depression, and high levels of zero-sum beliefs exacerbate the predictive role of relative deprivation on depression. However, no significant predictive role was found in the aspect of affective empathy.

The growing number of primary studies and reviews on loneliness, and the multidisciplinary efforts to comprehend this complex phenomenon from various perspectives, underscore the heightened recognition of its impact on individual and societal well-being and health. To comprehensively assess the size and scope of this research field, we conducted a scoping review of 35 English-language reviews of primary studies on loneliness, published between 2001 and 2023. Focusing specifically on psychological research, these reviews covered a total of N = 1,089 studies, which were conducted between 1986 and 2022. In addition to providing a broad overview of the structure of the field, the present scoping review aimed to explore the methodological landscape of loneliness research, including data collection, sample demographics, and measures, and to present key topics and evidence in the field. By deepening the understanding of loneliness and identifying data gaps and methodological challenges, our analyses provide critical insights for future research endeavors, thereby fostering advances in the field.

Prior work has documented that parental psychological and behavioral control have varying impacts on self-regulation skills and social-academic outcomes in early adolescence, with effects differing across cultures. The present study explores the role of psychological and behavioral control in predicting adjustment difficulties and academic self-confidence through self-regulatory skills among early adolescents in Turkiye using data from mothers and their children (N = 295, N_girls=145, M_age=12.14 years). The results yielded that parental behavioral control, but not psychological control, predicts self-regulation of adolescents, which, in turn, predicts adjustment and academic self-efficacy. Our results underscore the pivotal role of parental knowledge and monitoring, mainly through behavioral control strategies, in fostering psychological adjustment and academic self-efficacy in the Turkish cultural context. The discussion delves into the potential culture-specific effects of psychological control and the universal influence of behavioral control during early adolescence.

Loneliness is prevalent in emerging adults, and there is a great need to understand its antecedents to combat loneliness. This study aimed to examine whether romantic relationship satisfaction mediated the relationship between the suppression of positive and negative emotions and loneliness and whether gender moderated the relationship between the suppression of positive and negative emotions and romantic relationship satisfaction in Turkish emerging adults. The study sample consisted of 452 (248 females and 204 males) emerging adults involved in a romantic relationship and attending university, 18-25 years old. The participants completed the measures of the suppression sub-dimension of emotion regulation, romantic relationship satisfaction, and loneliness, as well as a demographic survey. Firstly, the findings demonstrated that romantic relationship satisfaction mediated the relationship between the suppression of both positive and negative emotions and loneliness, regardless of gender. Secondly, the findings reported that gender moderated the mediating role of romantic relationship satisfaction in the relationship between suppression of negative emotions and loneliness. More specifically, suppression of negative emotions significantly put female emerging adults at increased risk of poor romantic relationship satisfaction and, consequently, loneliness in comparison with males.

Public speaking can be a fear-inducing and anxiety-provoking experience for individuals, potentially resulting in poor performance and missed educational, social, and professional opportunities. In order to provide applied practitioners with effective methodologies for the reduction of public speaking anxiety (PSA), this paper aims to systematically review and meta-analyse theoretically driven interventions that successfully reduce PSA or maintain/increased public speaking performance. Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review and meta-analysis examined articles from 1 January 2000 to 1 June 2023. Of the 1293 articles identified, 26 studies with 2253 participants met the inclusion criteria. Research was of a moderate to high methodological standard, with interventions varying in type, duration, and focus (e.g., symptom vs. source). Intervention types included exposure, cognitive modification, combined, and other strategies. Although, the overall effect of psychological interventions for PSA across 42 interventions was g = 1.17 (95% CI = 0.88-1.45), with high heterogeneity, individual effect sizes varied greatly. While this review provides support for the efficacy of psychological interventions in reducing anxiety related to public speaking, rigorous research is warranted to examine long-term efficacy, real-world implications, self-efficacy development, and individual differences in treatment assignment. Finally, this review provides practitioners with a quick and easy guide to implementing successful interventions that reduce PSA or maintain/increase performance.

Research in the educational and organizational fields theoretically suggests that individuals' implicit beliefs are deeply connected with their performance. This study provides insight into the emotional mechanism that connects employees' mindsets regarding growth (growth vs. fixed mindset) and stress (stress-is-enhancing vs. stress-is-debilitating mindset) to job performance. We hypothesized that employees with a stress-as-enhancing and a growth-oriented mindset (T1) would experience more positive affect (T2), increasing their job performance (T3). We tested these hypotheses using three-wave survey data from a sample of employees in various occupations. Our results showed that employees with a growth mindset and those who viewed stress as an experience that enhances learning, vitality, and productivity experienced more positive emotions one month later. The data also showed that performance was significantly predicted by growth mindset both directly and indirectly, while stress mindset was linked only to positive affect.

Based on the hyperarousal theory and self-control theory, this study investigated the link between parental childhood maltreatment and children's sleep quality by examining the mediation effect of parental self-control and children's perceived parental support from an intergenerational transmission perspective. A total of 334 Chinese primary school students in grades 4-6 (50% girls, M_age = 10.49, SD = 0.97) reported on perceived parental support and sleep quality. In addition, childhood maltreatment and self-control were reported by their parents (M_{father's age}= 40.48, M_{mother's age} = 38.18). The results showed that the father's childhood maltreatment was directly associated with children's sleep quality, while the mother's childhood maltreatment was indirectly linked to children's sleep quality. Furthermore, children's perceived parental support acted as mediators in the effect of mother's childhood maltreatment on children's sleep quality, and mother's childhood maltreatment also affected children's perceived parental support via mother's self-control, thus affecting children's sleep quality indirectly. These results have important practical implications for family-based interventions in children's sleep quality.

Intolerance of uncertainty is an important trans-diagnostic determinant of mental disorders. It is related to psychotic symptoms and religiousness. Religiousness is related to schizotypal personality and wellbeing. Therefore, in a cross-sectional study, we studied the effects of intolerance of uncertainty and religiousness on schizotypal personality and the schizotypal personality-mediated effects of intolerance of uncertainty and religiousness on life satisfaction. On a sample of 734 college students (age, M = 20.3, SD = 3.48), intolerance of uncertainty, religiousness, life satisfaction, and schizotypal personality were measured through paper-pencil questionnaires. The results showed that intolerance of uncertainty had positive (direct) relationships with all schizotypal personality dimensions. However, intolerance of uncertainty had positive (mediated by ideas of reference and magical thinking) and negative (mediated by eccentric behavior) indirect effects on life satisfaction. Religiousness had direct as well as indirect (mediated by eccentric behavior) positive effects on life satisfaction. However, the behaving (mediated by ideas of reference) and belonging (mediated by magical thinking) sub-dimensions of religiousness had some indirect negative effects on life satisfaction. Thus, the present study shows that intolerance of uncertainty is an important contributor to psychotic proneness. Religiousness is largely health-enhancing. Moreover, there is a nuanced pattern of interactional relationship between intolerance of uncertainty, religiousness, schizotypal personality, and life satisfaction. We have discussed the theoretical and applied implications of the findings.