Journal of Psychology最新文献

Effective decision-making is crucial for both individuals and organizations. To improve individual's decision-making, traditional methods involve practicing and providing feedback. While these methods are effective, we propose evaluating others' decision-making as a more efficient training approach, and in this study, we explore its potential through two experiments. In Experiment 1,109 participants completed an initial task and then took part in training under two conditions: evaluating others' decision-making results as correct or incorrect, and practicing decision-making with feedback. After the training, all participants completed a final decision-making task. The results indicated that evaluating others' decision-making results significantly enhanced accuracy in the final task compared to practicing with feedback. In Experiment 2 with 110 participants, we replicated the findings using a different decision-making task. Our results suggest that evaluating others' decision-making results can improve the accuracy of subsequent decision-making.

The aim of the present study was to identify the relationships between traumatic, as well as benevolent childhood experiences and borderline personality symptoms in a non-clinical sample. We also explored the mediating role of dissociative experiences and the moderating role of parental invalidating environments between traumatic, respectively benevolent childhood experiences and borderline personality symptoms. A sample of 326 non-clinical Romanian adults were included in the present study (Mage = 25.58, SD = 6.63). The participants completed scales for measuring childhood experiences, dissociative experiences, invalidating childhood environments and borderline personality symptoms. The results showed that benevolent childhood experiences were associated with lower levels of borderline personality symptoms. Moreover, traumatic childhood experiences positively predicted dissociative symptoms which, further, positively predicted borderline personality symptoms. When analyzing the role of parental behavior, the results showed that only paternal invalidating behavior was positively related to borderline personality symptoms. Furthermore, maternal invalidating behavior moderated the relation between benevolent childhood experiences and borderline personality symptoms. Thus, our findings support the importance of positive childhood experiences in reducing borderline personality symptoms.

This study aimed to investigate the relationships between autonomous fitness behavior and social anxiety among college students, as well as the chain mediation roles of rumination and emotional-social isolation in this relationship. The study used the Autonomous Fitness Behavior Scale, Social Anxiety Scale, Rumination Scale, and Emotional-Social Isolation Scale to investigate 976 college students. Correlation analysis, regression analysis, and structural equation modeling were conducted. (1) Correlation Analysis: Autonomous fitness behavior was significantly positively correlated with rumination (r = .238, p < .01) and significantly negatively correlated with social anxiety (r = -0.224, p < .01) and emotional-social isolation (r = -0.191, p < .01). Significant positive correlations were also found among social anxiety, rumination, and emotional-social isolation. (2) Regression Analysis: Autonomous fitness behavior was negatively associated with social anxiety (β = -0.224, p < .01). (3) Structural Equation Modeling: Rumination and emotional-social isolation played partial mediating and chain mediating roles in the relationship between autonomous fitness behavior and social anxiety. Specific indirect effects included: (a) through rumination alone (effect = .011), (b) through emotional-social isolation alone (effect = -0.049), and (c) through a chain of rumination then emotional-social isolation (effect = .012). In conclusion, autonomous fitness behavior is directly associated with social anxiety. Furthermore, the relationships between autonomous fitness behavior and social anxiety are also explained by the separate and chained mediating effects of rumination and emotional-social isolation.

Existential nihilism posits that life is meaningless, without purpose, and any search for meaning in existence is similarly pointless. Despite recent concerns of increasing prevalence and negative impacts of nihilism on mental health, its relationship with wellbeing is largely unknown. To investigate the relationship between nihilistic beliefs and wellbeing, we surveyed members of a local university campus (N = 171) and online nihilism communities (N = 750). We also investigated social support and endogenous (self-created) meaning as moderating factors, hypothesizing that higher social support and endogenous meaning would mitigate existential nihilism's relationship with wellbeing. Existential nihilism was negatively related to wellbeing in both samples. However, while higher endogenous meaning was mitigated, high levels of social support instead increased the severity of this relationship. Our findings support concerns that existential nihilism negatively influences wellbeing, but suggests this relationship may differ on the basis of other factors, and not always in the ways expected.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between psychological flexibility and ontological well-being among adults. The participants consisted of 477 adults aged 18 to 65 years (M = 25.84, SD = 7.62), recruited through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a demographic information form, the Psychological Flexibility Scale, and the Ontological Well-Being Scale. Pearson correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and independent samples t-tests were conducted to analyze the data. The results indicated that psychological flexibility was positively associated with ontological well-being. Furthermore, male participants and those who were married or in a romantic relationship reported higher levels of psychological flexibility and ontological well-being. Additionally, even after controlling for age, gender, relationship status, and socioeconomic status, the sub-dimensions of psychological flexibility significantly predicted ontological well-being. The strongest predictors of ontological well-being were the defusion, acceptance, and present-moment-awareness sub-dimensions of psychological flexibility, respectively. In conclusion, interventions aimed at enhancing psychological flexibility may contribute significantly to improving ontological well-being among adults.

Understanding the intricate social and psychological processes influencing mental health is key to crafting effective treatments. Intimate romantic relationships play an important role in individual well-being. The aftermath of relationship dissolution can have devastating emotional effects, particularly in cases of deception or betrayal, such as infidelity. The current study aimed to explore women's actual and anticipated responses to infidelity in their romantic relationships. Specifically, this study focused on the roles of personality, self-esteem, adult attachment, and commitment in forgiveness and relationship continuation. Four hundred heterosexual women (M = 22.27 years old, SD = 6.30) responded to study measures. About 49% of the sample reported real experiences of partner cheating, and 43% of those women chose to stay post-infidelity. The research findings suggest that previous experiences with infidelity and personality, specifically extraversion, may be predictive of women's anticipated reactions to a partner's affair (p = .002). Attachment style and self-esteem may also weakly relate to forgiveness and relationship stability for imagined instances of infidelity. For actual reactions to infidelity, results related to intrapersonal variables and past cheating experiences were inconclusive (p = .894). In this sample, women were more inclined to forgive emotional infidelity than sexual infidelity. Due to the small effects observed, the results of this study should be interpreted with caution. Future research into the underlying intrapersonal factors influencing responses to infidelity is warranted. Insights gained from this study could contribute to developing effective treatment interventions for individuals and couples navigating the complexities of relational dishonesty.

Social support plays an important role in helping female college students in particular to achieve and feel well in the face of changing social circumstances. The present study aims to delve into the specific mechanisms through which social support contributes to enhancing life satisfaction among female college students. Therefore, a serial mediation model was tested to examine the relationship between social support, grit, basic psychological needs satisfaction, and life satisfaction among female college students. 588 female college students residing in China, with an average age of 19 years (SD = 1.29), participated in this study. The instruments used included the Social Support Scale, the Grit Scale, the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale, and the Life Satisfaction Scale. Correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM) were employed to examine the relationships among the variables. The study findings reveal a positive association between higher levels of social support and increased grit, as well as satisfaction of basic psychological needs among female college students. The structural equation modeling confirms the validity of the serial mediation model. This model suggests that social support is a significant predictor of holistic well-being, with its influence on life satisfaction being partially mediated by grit and basic psychological needs satisfaction. The findings underscore the importance of social support as a potential pathway to enhancing life satisfaction through the cultivation of grit and the satisfaction of psychological needs.

Social-emotional skills serve to fortify contemporary students, boosting their capacity to navigate stress and enhance their ability to form and maintain positive social bonds. This study ascertained the influence of parental warmth on the social-emotional competencies of college students, examining potential mediating mechanisms through their social and psychological well-being. Utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM) with data collected from 362 participants, findings demonstrated that both maternal and paternal warmth positively affected students' psychological well-being. Notably, it was observed that paternal warmth played a significant role in predicting students' social well-being, while maternal warmth did not exhibit the same level of significance. Additionally, it was found that both maternal and paternal warmth exerted positive influence on students' social-emotional skills by way of fostering their psychological and social well-being. These results underscored the nuanced roles of parental warmth in shaping the emotional and social development of emerging adults, highlighting the interconnectedness of psychological and social factors in parental impact research.

This study examines a serial mediation framework to gain a deeper understanding of how social media use affects mental health. Many young people experience a sense of emotional overload from constant connectivity (i.e., digital stress), which may be one of the earliest signs of psychological strain, and the impact on self-concept clarity may further compound these effects. Thus, we examined how digital stress and self-concept clarity may serially mediate the relation between social media use and depressive symptoms. The study sample consisted of 995 Romanian participants aged 17 to 79 (M = 25.05, SD = 9.52; 63.22% female). Results suggested a positive association between digital stress and social media use and a negative association between self-concept clarity, digital stress, and depressive symptoms. Results also indicated a significant link between prolonged social media usage and digital stress, as well as a correlation between elevated digital stress levels and low self-concept clarity scores, which in turn, seemed to contribute to the development of depressive symptoms. However, the relation between digital stress and self-concept clarity did not fully account for the positive correlation between social media usage time and depressive symptoms. Thus, the mediation effect was incomplete, as the direct relationship between social media use and depressive symptoms persisted, remaining positive and statistically significant. We discuss these findings in terms of their practical implications for mitigating the effects of social media use on individuals' mental health, with a focus on the relationship between digital stress and self-concept clarity.

The current study investigated the effects of emotional empathy and self-assertiveness on interpersonal success through the mediating role of managing interpersonal conflicts using structural equation modeling (SEM). The sample of this study was 294 young adults in Yasuj City, Iran, who were selected using the purposive sampling method in a cross-sectional study. The Emotional Empathy Scale (EES), the Assertion Inventory (AI), the Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory-Form A (ROC-II), and the Basic Adlerian Scales for Interpersonal Success-Adult Form (BASIS-A) were utilized for data collection. The results indicated that emotional empathy, self-assertiveness, and conflict management significantly correlate with interpersonal success. Emotional empathy and self-assertiveness show a significantly indirect correlation with interpersonal success, which is mediated by managing interpersonal conflicts. Also, emotional empathy, self-assertiveness, and management of interpersonal conflicts collectively accounted for 74.9% of the variance in interpersonal success within this sample. The findings demonstrated a well-structured SEM that depicts the effects of emotional empathy and self-assertiveness on interpersonal success, mediated by managing interpersonal conflicts. These findings have implications for psychological interventions targeting interpersonal issues in adults.