Journal of Safety Research最新文献_第7页

Assessing neighborhood sociodemographic disparities of child non-motorists involved in motor- vehicle crashes: A study of inequality 评估邻里社会人口差异的儿童非驾驶者参与机动车辆碰撞：不平等的研究

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.010

Huong D. Meeks , Hilary Hickingbotham , Lawrence J. Cook

Objectives: This retrospective observational study utilized sociodemographic and neighborhood characteristics of child non-motorists (CNMs) involved in motor-vehicle crashes (MVCs) in Utah (2019–2021), examined neighborhood sociodemographic disparities of the aforementioned CNMs, and explored the differences in CNM incidence between highly vulnerable neighborhoods and other areas. Methods: All children less than 18 years old involved in a pedestrian, cyclist, or nonmotorized scooter/skater versus motor-vehicle crash in Utah from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021 were included in the study population. Characteristics of CNMs and associated MVCs were reported overall and compared by occupant types. Neighborhood Area Deprivation Index (ADI), Child Opportunity Index (COI), and Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) percentile scores and quintiles were compared between CNMs, child vehicle occupants (CVOs), and all Utah children. Annual CNM incidence was compared between highly vulnerable census tracts and other areas. All group comparisons were conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis tests, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, and Chi-square tests, with p-values < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 1,055 MVCs involving 1,115 CNMs were included in the analysis. The majority of MVCs occurred in metropolitan areas, between September and May, on weekdays, and during typical work hours. Children were predominantly male and at least 10 years old. Neighborhoods of child pedestrians ranked higher across all three indices for sociodemographic disparities compared to neighborhoods of child cyclists (p = 0.002 for ADI; p < 0.001 for SVI/COI). A higher proportion of CNMs resided in the most deprived neighborhoods compared to CVOs and general children population. Higher CNM incidence was observed in tracts with greater vulnerability and lower opportunity levels. Conclusions: Significant differences in neighborhood sociodemographic disparities were observed across occupant types and between CNMs, CVOs, and all Utah children. This study underscores the need for multifaceted approaches to improve the safety of CNMs in Utah.

目的：本回顾性观察研究利用了犹他州（2019-2021年）涉及机动车碰撞（MVCs）的儿童非驾驶员（CNM）的社会人口统计学和社区特征，检查了上述CNM的社区社会人口统计学差异，并探讨了高度脆弱社区与其他地区CNM发病率的差异。方法：研究人群包括2019年1月1日至2021年12月31日在犹他州发生的行人、骑自行车者或非机动滑板车/滑冰者与机动车碰撞的所有18岁以下儿童。对CNMs和相关MVCs的特征进行了总体报道，并按居住者类型进行了比较。比较CNMs、儿童车辆乘员（CVOs）和犹他州所有儿童的邻里区域剥夺指数（ADI）、儿童机会指数（COI）和社会脆弱性指数（SVI）百分位数和五分位数。比较了高度脆弱的人口普查区和其他地区的年CNM发病率。所有组间比较均采用Kruskal-Wallis检验、Wilcoxon秩和检验和卡方检验，p值<； 0.05认为有统计学意义。结果：共纳入1055个mvc，涉及1115个CNMs。大多数自杀式袭击发生在大都市地区，发生在9月至5月之间的工作日和典型工作时间。儿童主要是10岁以上的男性。与骑自行车的儿童社区相比，儿童步行社区在所有三个社会人口差异指数中排名更高（ADI为p = 0.002； SVI/COI为p <； 0.001）。与社区儿童和一般儿童相比，居住在最贫困社区的cnm比例更高。在易损性和机会水平较低的地区，CNM发病率较高。结论：社区社会人口统计学差异在不同居住类型、cnm、CVOs和所有犹他州儿童之间存在显著差异。这项研究强调需要采取多方面的方法来提高犹他州cnm的安全性。

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引用次数: 0

A quantitative analysis framework for cognitive process of construction workers: Exploring impacts of safety leadership and safety culture 建筑工人认知过程的定量分析框架：探讨安全领导与安全文化的影响

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.09.014

Yiran Xu , Liying Wang , Dongping Fang

Introduction

Considerable research has shown that safety leadership (SL) and safety culture (SC) play an important role in improving unsafe behaviors, but the specific intervention effects of the two on cognitive process are not yet clear, which restricts the development of safety management research based on cognitive psychology.

Method

This study proposed a quantitative analysis framework for the cognitive process of construction workers by exploring the impacts of SL and SC on each cognitive link based on a case study in China. First, structural equation modeling was used to analyze the impact paths of SL and SC on four cognitive links. Second, a Bayesian network was formulated to predict the effects of intervention strategies from various dimensions of SL and SC on the cognitive links.

Results

The results indicate that SL and SC both positively impact on the four cognitive links. Notably, both of them demonstrate the most substantial effects on “selecting response” link. Furthermore, the combined interventions of SL and SC can reduce the cognitive failure more greatly than single-dimension ones. Among all intervention strategies, the combination of caring and respect and safety communication shows the best effect. This study contributes to the safety management research by connecting safety organizational factors with cognitive psychology and expanding the cognitive model framework.

Practical Applications

It also provides a quantitative analytical framework to analyze potential cognitive failures. It enables managers to explore underlying relationships of unsafe behaviors and identify cognitive intervention points for safety management.

大量研究表明，安全领导（SL）和安全文化（SC）在改善不安全行为方面发挥着重要作用，但两者对认知过程的具体干预作用尚不清楚，这制约了基于认知心理学的安全管理研究的发展。方法本研究以中国建筑工人为研究对象，通过对建筑工人认知过程中各认知环节的影响进行研究，提出了建筑工人认知过程的定量分析框架。首先，采用结构方程模型分析了语言学习和语言学习对四个认知环节的影响路径。其次，构建贝叶斯网络，从语言学习和语言学习的各个维度预测干预策略对认知环节的影响。结果结果表明，英语和SC对四个认知环节均有正向影响。值得注意的是，两者在“选择响应”环节上的影响最为显著。此外，与单一维度的干预相比，语言学习和语言学习的联合干预更能显著减少认知失败。在所有干预策略中，关怀与尊重相结合和安全沟通的干预效果最好。本研究将安全组织因素与认知心理学联系起来，拓展了认知模型框架，有助于安全管理研究。它还提供了一个定量分析框架来分析潜在的认知失败。它使管理者能够探索不安全行为的潜在关系，并确定安全管理的认知干预点。

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引用次数: 0

Risk awareness assessment of construction workers wearing AR head-mounted displays using EEG signals 建筑工人佩戴AR头戴式显示器使用脑电图信号的风险意识评估

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.011

Hanwen Ju , Tanyel Bulbul , Xiaoying Yang , Jeremy Withers

Introduction: Augmented reality (AR) head-mounted displays have gained attention in the construction industry for enhancing information visualization and operational efficiency. However, their impact on workers’ risk awareness remains underexplored. Method: This study proposes a novel EEG-based framework to evaluate the risk awareness of construction workers performing tasks in an AR-enhanced environment. Forty participants equipped with AR headsets and EEG devices completed a series of tasks—standing, walking, and measuring—on a simulated elevated steel frame. EEG signals were processed using wavelet transforms to extract real-time power in theta, alpha, beta, and gamma bands, from which engagement (ENI) and vigilance indices were derived. Results: The result shows that cognitive engagement increases while vigilance decreases during high workload tasks such as measuring, indicating reduced risk awareness. Statistical analyses confirm that task type significantly affects both ENI and vigilance, while repeated exposure improves overall vigilance but has limited effect on high-load tasks. Practical applications: These findings provide a neurocognitive perspective on how AR affects worker safety and highlight the importance of task-specific design and training in AR-integrated construction work.

简介：增强现实（AR）头戴式显示器因其增强信息可视化和操作效率而在建筑行业受到关注。然而，它们对工人风险意识的影响仍未得到充分探讨。方法：本研究提出了一个新的基于脑电图的框架来评估建筑工人在ar增强环境中执行任务的风险意识。40名参与者配备了增强现实耳机和脑电图设备，在模拟的高架钢架上完成了一系列任务——站立、行走和测量。利用小波变换对脑电信号进行处理，提取theta、alpha、beta和gamma波段的实时功率，并由此得出参与指数（ENI）和警觉性指数。结果：结果表明，在高工作量任务（如测量）中，认知投入增加，警惕性降低，表明风险意识降低。统计分析证实，任务类型对ENI和警惕性都有显著影响，而反复暴露可以提高整体警惕性，但对高负荷任务的影响有限。实际应用：这些发现提供了增强现实如何影响工人安全的神经认知视角，并强调了在增强现实集成建筑工作中特定任务设计和培训的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

State-level COVID-19 lockdown stringency associated with increases in motor-vehicle mortality rates 州一级的COVID-19封锁严格程度与机动车死亡率上升有关

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.006

William M. Rice , Asad Khan , Ruidi Xu , Jonathan Laredo , Sonal Swain , Gi Jung Shin , Scott F. Gallagher , Jennifer Freeman , Suresh Agarwal , Krista L. Haines

Background: Motor-vehicle collision fatalities increased dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, but significant variation existed between states. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between state-level COVID-19 public health policy stringency and changes in motor-vehicle fatality rates. Study Design: This ecological cross-sectional time-series study used public mortality data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s Fatality and Analysis Reporting System (NHTSA FARS). Our primary exposure was the stringency of COVID-19 lockdown policies, derived from the Oxford University COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) Stringency Index. The primary outcome was changes in motor-vehicle collision mortality rates, calculated as the rate ratio of 2020 and 2021 to 2018 and 2019. Associations between motor-vehicle collision fatality rate ratios and OxCGRT Stringency Index were assessed using univariate linear regression. Results: After linear regression, changes in intoxicated driver (β = 0.025, r = 0.33, p = 0.02) and unrestrained/not helmeted (β = 0.013, r = 0.30, p = 0.03) motor-vehicle mortality rates demonstrated a significant positive association with COVID-19 stringency for the age group of 21–34. The regression results showed that 11 out of the remaining 14 groups had a positive association between motor-vehicle mortality and stringency, but none reached statistical significance. Conclusion: This study shows limited evidence linking state-level COVID-19 policy stringency with motor-vehicle collision fatalities. Adults aged 21–34 exhibited increased intoxicated and unrestrained/not helmeted driving deaths during stricter lockdowns. However, other subgroups and behaviors did not reveal significant relationships. Practical applications: These findings highlight that while broad associations between lockdown policy stringency and MVC mortality were limited, specific subpopulations, particularly younger adults, may be more susceptible to behavioral changes during periods of heightened social restriction, warranting further investigation and targeted prevention strategies.

背景：2019冠状病毒病大流行期间，美国机动车碰撞死亡人数急剧增加，但各州之间存在显著差异。本研究的目的是检验州一级COVID-19公共卫生政策严格程度与机动车死亡率变化之间的关系。研究设计：这项生态横断面时间序列研究使用了来自美国国家公路交通安全管理局死亡和分析报告系统（NHTSA FARS）的公共死亡率数据。我们的主要风险敞口是COVID-19封锁政策的严格程度，该政策来自牛津大学COVID-19政府应对追踪器（OxCGRT）严格程度指数。主要结果是机动车碰撞死亡率的变化，以2020年和2021年与2018年和2019年的比率计算。使用单变量线性回归评估机动车碰撞死亡率与OxCGRT严格指数之间的关系。结果：经线性回归，21 ~ 34岁人群醉酒驾驶（β = 0.025, r = 0.33, p = 0.02）和未戴头盔/未戴头盔（β = 0.013, r = 0.30, p = 0.03）机动车死亡率变化与COVID-19严重程度呈正相关。回归结果显示，其余14组中有11组机动车死亡率与严格程度呈正相关，但均无统计学意义。结论：本研究显示，将州一级的COVID-19政策严格程度与机动车碰撞死亡人数联系起来的证据有限。在更严格的封锁期间，21-34岁的成年人醉酒和不受约束/不戴头盔的驾驶死亡人数增加。然而，其他子组和行为并没有显示出显著的关系。实际应用：这些发现强调，虽然封锁政策严格程度与MVC死亡率之间的广泛关联有限，但特定的亚人群，特别是年轻人，可能更容易在社会限制加剧期间受到行为改变的影响，这需要进一步调查和有针对性的预防策略。

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引用次数: 0

Child restraint misuse: Do parents properly install car seats? 儿童约束装置的滥用：父母是否正确安装了汽车座椅？

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.004

David C. Schwebel , Morag MacKay , T. Mark Beasley , Anna Johnston , Elizabeth Koldoff , Kristen Beckworth , Sanny Rivera , Janice Williams , Marie Crew

Background: Child restraints (car seats) reduce risk of pediatric injury in motor-vehicle crashes, but restraint misuse is widely documented, with estimates from the 2000s and 2010s suggesting 70–95 % of child restraints are installed or used incorrectly. This study had two primary objectives: (a) present recent data concerning child restraint misuse from a large, national sample in the United States; and (b) explore the types of misuse that are most common, including across different types of installations. Methods: As part of a larger study, 1,477 individuals who drove vehicles with installed child restraints participated at seven U.S. sites. Booster seats were excluded. Upon arrival for an initial research appointment, restraint installation was assessed by certified technicians using a standardized checklist that yielded an overall score of the percentage of correct components, as well as individual binary scores (correct vs. incorrect) for each checklist component and an overall binary score (100 % correct or not) for the entire installation. Results: Overall, 85.25 % (SD = 11.91) of restraint installation/use components were correct; that percentage was highest for rear-facing, LATCH or lower-anchor installations (89.07 %, SD = 8.57) and lowest for forward-facing seatbelt installations (M = 76.50 %, SD = 13.59). Just 11.9 % of all restraints were installed and used entirely correctly. Inspection of individual installation/use components indicated most items were correct 95–100 % of the time. However, some items had poorer scores, and a handful were correct less than half the time for some installation types. Discussion: Replicating findings from years past, few child restraints were installed and used completely correctly. However, a large portion of the installation/use components were correct, and thus children riding in the restraints were considerably safer than if unrestrained. Continued multifaceted efforts to reduce child restraint misuse are advised. These efforts should be shared by vehicle and restraint manufacturers, public health professionals, government and non-profit agencies, and parents themselves.

背景：儿童约束装置（汽车座椅）降低了机动车碰撞中儿童受伤的风险，但约束装置滥用的记录广泛存在，从2000年代到2010年代的估计表明，70 - 95%的儿童约束装置安装或使用不正确。这项研究有两个主要目标：(a)从美国的一个大型国家样本中提供有关儿童约束滥用的最新数据；(b)探索最常见的滥用类型，包括不同类型的安装。方法：作为一项更大的研究的一部分，1477名驾驶安装了儿童约束装置的人参加了美国七个地点的研究。增高座椅不包括在内。在到达初始研究预约后，由认证的技术人员使用标准化检查表对约束装置进行评估，该检查表产生正确组件百分比的总体得分，以及每个检查表组件的单个二进制分数（正确与不正确）和整个装置的总体二进制分数（100%正确或不正确）。结果：总体而言，85.25% （SD = 11.91）的约束装置/使用组件正确无误；该比例最高的是后面向、LATCH或下锚固装置（89.07%,SD = 8.57），最低的是前面向安全带（M = 76.50%, SD = 13.59）。只有11.9%的约束装置安装和使用完全正确。对单个安装/使用组件的检查表明，大多数项目在95 - 100%的时间内是正确的。然而，有些项目的得分较低，对于某些安装类型，少数几个项目的正确率不到一半。讨论：重复过去几年的发现，很少有儿童约束装置被完全正确地安装和使用。然而，大部分的安装/使用组件是正确的，因此，儿童骑在约束比没有约束安全得多。建议继续从多方面努力减少滥用儿童约束。这些努力应该由车辆和约束制造商、公共卫生专业人员、政府和非营利机构以及父母自己共同努力。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of voluntary driver's licence surrender on road crashes caused by older drivers 自愿交出驾驶执照对高龄司机造成的交通事故的影响

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.005

Dahee Hong , Sangjin Han

Introduction: As the older population grows, the number of road crashes caused by older drivers has consistently increased at an average of 3.7% per year over the past five years in South Korea. To address this issue, since 2019 the South Korean government has promoted a program of voluntary driver’s license surrender (particularly among older drivers) that provides transport cards worth 100,000 to 200,000 Korean currency for voluntarily surrendering licenses. Method: This study aims to analyze the effect of voluntary driver's license surrender on road crashes caused by older drivers using the Comparison Group method. The number of crashes, the number of fatal crashes, and the number of serious injury crashes are compared before and after introduction of voluntary surrender program. The effects are examined in detail in terms of the ages of older drivers, the surrender rates, and the types of local areas like urban or rural areas. Results: The results indicate that voluntary driver's license surrender significantly reduced the number of fatal and serious injury crashes among older drivers. In particular, it was found that age group 75 and older showed the highest reduction of crashes in all age groups and that the cities and counties with the higher rate of driver’s license surrender showed higher crash reductions. The reduction was also higher in rural areas compared to urban areas.

导语：随着老年人口的增长，在过去的五年里，韩国因老年司机导致的道路交通事故数量以平均每年3.7%的速度持续增长。为了解决这一问题，韩国政府从2019年开始推行了自愿交出驾照（特别是老年司机）计划，为自愿交出驾照的人提供价值10万至20万韩元的交通卡。方法：本研究采用比较组法，分析自愿交出驾驶证对老年驾驶员道路交通事故的影响。比较了自愿自首制度实施前后的车祸数量、致命车祸数量和重伤车祸数量。研究人员从老年司机的年龄、退让率以及城市或农村等地区的类型等方面详细考察了这些影响。结果：自愿交出驾照显著降低了老年司机的致命和严重伤害事故数量。特别是，在所有年龄组中，75岁及以上年龄组的车祸减少率最高，而且交出驾照率较高的城市和县的车祸减少率也较高。农村地区的降幅也高于城市地区。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the effectiveness of driver training interventions in improving safe engagement with vehicle automation systems 评估驾驶员培训干预措施在提高车辆自动化系统安全参与方面的有效性

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.003

Chengxin Zhang , Huizhong Guo , Zifei Wang , Fred Feng , Anuj Pradhan , Shan Bao

Objective: This study investigates how targeted training interventions can improve safe driver interaction with vehicle automation (VA) systems, focusing on Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and Lane Keeping Assist (LKA), both safety–critical advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). While VA features can enhance roadway safety, they do not function reliably under all conditions. Drivers’ limited awareness of system boundaries can cause overreliance or missed interventions, raising crash risk. Effective training reduces misuse and enhances road safety by promoting correct knowledge and application. Method: A review of multiple automakers’ owners’ manuals revealed inconsistencies in describing ACC and LKA functions. Three training formats were compared: (1) owners’ manual (OM), (2) knowledge-based (KB) with summarized operational guidelines and visual aids, and (3) skill-based hands-on practice in a driving simulator (SIM). Thirty-six participants with no prior VA experience were randomly assigned to one group. Safety-relevant outcomes − system comprehension (quiz scores) and real-world engagement (frequency and duration of activations) − were analyzed using mixed-effects and negative binomial models. Results: KB training produced the greatest improvements in comprehension of system limitations, as well as safer engagement patterns. Compared with OM participants, KB participants achieved significantly higher quiz scores and engaged LKA and ACC more often (1.4 and 1.45 times, respectively); they also demonstrated greater awareness of scenarios requiring manual control, indicating reduced risk of inappropriate reliance. Older drivers exhibited longer activations overall, highlighting age-related differences in reliance and potential safety implications. Conclusion: Short, targeted training can significantly improve safe and effective VA system use, particularly for senior drivers. These results highlight training as a proactive safety intervention to reduce human-automation mismatch and enhance system reliability in real-world driving. Practical Applications: The findings support standardized, accessible, age-tailored training to align driver behavior with VA safety standards, therefore preventing accidents and ensuring safer automation integration for all.

目的：本研究探讨了有针对性的培训干预如何提高驾驶员与车辆自动化（VA）系统的安全互动，重点是自适应巡航控制（ACC）和车道保持辅助（LKA），这两种安全关键的高级驾驶员辅助系统（ADAS）。虽然自动驾驶功能可以提高道路安全性，但它们并不是在所有条件下都能可靠地运行。驾驶员对系统边界的有限认识可能导致过度依赖或错过干预，从而增加碰撞风险。有效的培训通过推广正确的知识和应用，减少误用和提高道路安全。方法：对多家汽车制造商的车主手册进行审查，发现在描述ACC和LKA功能方面存在不一致。比较了三种培训形式：(1)车主手册（OM），(2)基于知识（KB）的总结操作指南和视觉辅助工具，以及(3)基于技能的驾驶模拟器（SIM）实践。36名之前没有退伍军人经历的参与者被随机分配到一组。使用混合效应和负二项模型分析了与安全相关的结果——系统理解（测验分数）和现实世界参与度（激活频率和持续时间）。结果：KB训练在理解系统限制以及更安全的参与模式方面产生了最大的改进。与OM参与者相比，KB参与者的测验得分显著高于OM参与者，并且参与LKA和ACC的次数分别为1.4次和1.45次；他们还表现出对需要手动控制的场景有更强的意识，这表明不适当依赖的风险降低了。总体而言，老年司机的激活时间更长，凸显了与年龄相关的依赖差异和潜在的安全隐患。结论：短期、有针对性的培训可以显著提高VA系统的安全有效使用，特别是对老年驾驶员。这些结果强调了培训作为一种主动的安全干预措施，可以减少人与自动化的不匹配，提高系统在现实驾驶中的可靠性。实际应用：研究结果支持标准化、可访问、适合年龄的培训，使驾驶员行为符合VA安全标准，从而防止事故发生，并确保所有人都能更安全地实现自动化集成。

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引用次数: 0

Ergonomic risk assessment methods for work-related musculoskeletal disorders among healthcare workers: A systematic review 卫生保健工作者中与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾病的人体工程学风险评估方法：系统综述

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.001

Grace Gao , Shamay S.M. Ng , Siu Shing Man , Billy C.L. So

Introduction: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are prevalent among healthcare professionals due to the physically demanding nature of their work environments. These disorders increase costs associated with workers’ compensation claims and healthcare services, reduce productivity, and negatively impact the quality of life for affected workers. Therefore, proper ergonomic risk assessment tools are vital for monitoring and preventing WMSDs among healthcare professionals. Method: This study provides a comprehensive overview of ergonomic risk assessment techniques used among healthcare workers. Following an extensive search, 31 studies published in English from 2014 to 2024 were identified. Results: With growing awareness of ergonomic risks in healthcare settings, research has explored various assessment methods to understand and mitigate these risks among healthcare workers across different disciplines. This finding highlights the significant role of self-reported and observation-based methods, despite potential subjective biases. Despite their challenges and underutilization, direct measurement methods have demonstrated substantial potential for enhancing ergonomic assessments when appropriately adapted to healthcare environments. Conclusions and practical applications: In future research, a longitudinal study design incorporating ergonomic risk assessment tools and hybrid methodologies integrating simulated settings with real-world observations should be employed to facilitate a comprehensive evaluation of ergonomic risks among healthcare professionals. This approach would contribute to the development of effective interventions aimed at mitigating WMSDs.

导读：工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾病（WMSDs）在医疗保健专业人员中很普遍，因为他们的工作环境对身体的要求很高。这些疾病增加了与工人索赔和医疗保健服务相关的成本，降低了生产率，并对受影响工人的生活质量产生了负面影响。因此，适当的人体工程学风险评估工具对于监测和预防医疗保健专业人员的WMSDs至关重要。方法：本研究提供了一个全面的概述人体工程学风险评估技术中使用的卫生保健工作者。经过广泛的搜索，确定了2014年至2024年用英语发表的31项研究。结果：随着人们对卫生保健环境中人体工程学风险的认识不断提高，研究人员探索了各种评估方法，以了解和减轻不同学科卫生保健工作者的这些风险。这一发现强调了自我报告和基于观察的方法的重要作用，尽管存在潜在的主观偏见。尽管存在挑战和未充分利用，但直接测量方法已显示出在适当适应医疗保健环境时加强人体工程学评估的巨大潜力。结论和实际应用：在未来的研究中，应该采用纵向研究设计，结合人体工程学风险评估工具和混合方法，将模拟环境与现实世界的观察相结合，以促进对医疗保健专业人员的人体工程学风险的综合评估。这种做法将有助于制定旨在减轻大规模杀伤性武器的有效干预措施。

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引用次数: 0

Disuse of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) 废弃先进驾驶辅助系统（ADAS）

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.09.004

Soyeon Kim , Oscar Oviedo-Trespalacios

Introduction: The advancement of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) aims to enhance driving safety, efficiency, and convenience. However, their potential remains underutilized as drivers frequently disengage or avoid using these systems. This study investigates the phenomenon of ADAS disuse, encompassing situational disengagement and systematic avoidance, through in-depth interviews with SAE Level 2 automated vehicle drivers. Method: Using thematic analysis, we identified nine key themes influencing disuse across three domains: Driving task (strategic, tactical, and operational level of driving tasks); Human (sense of control, knowledge, trust, and responsibility); and Environment (road users and road situation). Results: Drivers cited discomfort with system aggressiveness, lack of trust in detection capabilities, and incompatibility with their driving styles as critical factors. Environmental complexities, such as construction zones and pedestrian-heavy areas, further exacerbated disengagement. Additionally, legal and moral responsibility emerged as influences on drivers’ preferences for manual control. Conclusions: Our findings underscore the need for adaptive, user-centered designs prioritizing trust, transparency, and context-sensitive system behaviors. By addressing these barriers, ADAS can achieve safer and more consistent adoption, supporting broader goals of accident prevention and traffic efficiency. Practical Applications: This study provides insights for enhancing ADAS design and fostering driver confidence, paving the way for their effective integration into modern mobility solutions.

导读：先进驾驶辅助系统（ADAS）的发展旨在提高驾驶的安全性、效率和便利性。然而，由于驾驶员经常脱离或避免使用这些系统，它们的潜力仍未得到充分利用。本研究通过对SAE 2级自动驾驶汽车驾驶员的深度访谈，调查了ADAS的废弃现象，包括情景脱离和系统回避。方法：通过主题分析，我们确定了影响弃用的九个关键主题，涉及三个领域：驾驶任务（驾驶任务的战略、战术和操作层面）；人（控制感、知识感、信任感和责任感）；环境（道路使用者和道路情况）。结果：驾驶员将系统侵略性的不适、对检测能力的缺乏信任以及与驾驶风格的不兼容列为关键因素。环境的复杂性，如建筑区和行人密集的地区，进一步加剧了脱离接触。此外，法律和道德责任也会影响驾驶员对手动控制的偏好。结论：我们的研究结果强调了自适应的、以用户为中心的设计需要优先考虑信任、透明度和上下文敏感的系统行为。通过解决这些障碍，ADAS可以实现更安全、更一致的采用，从而支持更广泛的事故预防目标和交通效率。实际应用：本研究为改进ADAS设计和培养驾驶员信心提供了见解，为ADAS与现代移动解决方案的有效整合铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Do Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) improve or worsen road safety? Assessing crash impacts in San Francisco 交通网络公司（TNCs）是改善还是恶化了道路安全？评估旧金山的车祸影响

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.09.013

Vedant S. Goyal , Gregory D. Erhardt , Nikiforos Stamatiadis , Christopher R. Bollinger

Introduction: Over the last decade, Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) have emerged as a popular mobility option. Yet past research has not conclusively established the linkage between their service operations and road crash risk. Our analysis compares road crash outcomes in San Francisco between 2010, when TNCs were negligible, and 2016, when they comprised 15% of vehicle trips within San Francisco. Method: We estimated a fixed-effects Poisson regression model for four crash outcomes, controlling for the change in background traffic, speed, and time-invariant factors including roadway geometry. Results: Our results show that TNCs have three competing influences on crashes: (a) they increase total vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and thus crashes; (b) VMT on TNCs themselves is associated with fewer crashes, potentially due to a newer vehicle fleet or the selection of drivers; and (c) TNC pick-ups and drop-offs are associated with more crashes, potentially due to more conflicts at the curb. We apply these models to estimate the number of crashes expected from a counterfactual 2016 scenario without TNCs and compare that to the with-TNC scenario to isolate the total effect of TNCs. This model application reveals that TNCs are associated with a 4% decrease in total crashes. We also find that TNCs are associated with a slight reduction in fatal and injury crashes, crashes involving a bicyclist or pedestrian, and alcohol-involved crashes, but the results are not statistically significant for these crash types. Practical applications: By disaggregating TNC services into distinct operational components, our research provides valuable insights for urban transport planners and policymakers seeking to maximize the safety benefits of emerging transportation technology while mitigating their associated risks.

在过去的十年中，交通网络公司（TNCs）已经成为一种流行的出行选择。然而，过去的研究并没有最终确定它们的服务运营与道路碰撞风险之间的联系。我们的分析比较了2010年旧金山的道路交通事故结果，当时跨国公司几乎可以忽略不计，而2016年，跨国公司占旧金山车辆出行的15%。方法：我们估计了四种碰撞结果的固定效应泊松回归模型，控制了背景交通、速度和包括道路几何形状在内的时不变因素的变化。结果：我们的研究结果表明，跨国公司对撞车事故有三个相互竞争的影响：(a)它们增加了车辆行驶总里程（VMT），从而增加了撞车事故；(b)跨国公司的车辆行驶里程本身与较少的撞车事故有关，可能是由于车队较新或选择了司机；(c)跨国公司上下车与更多车祸有关，这可能是由于路边的冲突更多。我们应用这些模型来估计没有跨国公司的2016年反事实情景的预期撞车次数，并将其与有跨国公司的情景进行比较，以隔离跨国公司的总影响。该模型应用表明，跨国公司与总事故减少4%有关。我们还发现，跨国公司与致命和伤害事故、涉及骑自行车者或行人的事故以及涉及酒精的事故的轻微减少有关，但这些事故类型的结果在统计上并不显著。实际应用：通过将跨国公司服务分解为不同的运营组件，我们的研究为城市交通规划者和政策制定者提供了有价值的见解，以寻求最大限度地提高新兴交通技术的安全效益，同时降低相关风险。

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引用次数: 0