{"title":"Almost no one feels free to leave an interrogation room: Findings from a virtual reality study of custody perceptions in police interrogations.","authors":"Hayley M. D. Cleary, Lucy A. Guarnera","doi":"10.1037/lhb0000631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000631","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48230,"journal":{"name":"Law and Human Behavior","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145396863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supplemental Material for Do Gender Prototypes Influence Attorney Willingness to Represent Sexual Harassment Victims?","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/lhb0000624.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000624.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48230,"journal":{"name":"Law and Human Behavior","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145396548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supplemental Material for Almost No One Feels Free to Leave an Interrogation Room: Findings From a Virtual Reality Study of Custody Perceptions in Police Interrogations","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/lhb0000631.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000631.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48230,"journal":{"name":"Law and Human Behavior","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145396312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yongjie Sun,Angelo Zappalà,Eleonora Di Maso,Francesco Pompedda,Thomas J Nyman,Pekka Santtila
OBJECTIVEWe explored the potential of large language models (LLMs) in legal decision making by replicating Fraser et al. (2023) mock jury experiment using LLMs (GPT-4o, Claude 3.5 Sonnet, and GPT-o1) as decision makers. We investigated LLMs' reactions to factors that influenced human jurors, including defendant race, social status, number of allegations, and reporting delay in sexual assault cases.HYPOTHESESWe hypothesized that LLMs would show higher consistency than humans, with no explicit but potential implicit biases. We also examined potential mediating factors (race-crime congruence, credibility, black sheep effect) and moderating effects (beliefs about traumatic memory, ease of reporting) explaining LLM decision making.METHODUsing a 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 factorial design, we manipulated defendant race (Black/White), social status (low/high), number of allegations (one/five), and reporting delay (5/20/35 years), collecting 2,304 responses across conditions. LLMs were prompted to act as jurors, providing probability of guilt assessments (0-100), dichotomous verdicts, and responses to mediator and moderator variables.RESULTSLLMs showed higher average probability of guilt assessments compared with humans (63.56 vs. 58.82) but were more conservative in rendering guilty verdicts (21% vs. 49%). Similar to humans, LLMs demonstrated bias against White defendants and increased guilt attributions with multiple allegations. Unlike humans, who showed minimal effects of reporting delay, LLMs assigned higher guilt probabilities to cases with shorter reporting delays. Mediation analyses revealed that race-crime stereotype congruency and the black sheep effect partially mediated the racial bias effect, whereas perceived memory strength mediated the reporting delay effect.CONCLUSIONSAlthough LLMs may offer more consistent decision making, they are not immune to biases and may interpret certain case factors differently from human jurors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Large language models (LLMs) as jurors: Assessing the potential of LLMs in legal contexts.","authors":"Yongjie Sun,Angelo Zappalà,Eleonora Di Maso,Francesco Pompedda,Thomas J Nyman,Pekka Santtila","doi":"10.1037/lhb0000620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000620","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVEWe explored the potential of large language models (LLMs) in legal decision making by replicating Fraser et al. (2023) mock jury experiment using LLMs (GPT-4o, Claude 3.5 Sonnet, and GPT-o1) as decision makers. We investigated LLMs' reactions to factors that influenced human jurors, including defendant race, social status, number of allegations, and reporting delay in sexual assault cases.HYPOTHESESWe hypothesized that LLMs would show higher consistency than humans, with no explicit but potential implicit biases. We also examined potential mediating factors (race-crime congruence, credibility, black sheep effect) and moderating effects (beliefs about traumatic memory, ease of reporting) explaining LLM decision making.METHODUsing a 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 factorial design, we manipulated defendant race (Black/White), social status (low/high), number of allegations (one/five), and reporting delay (5/20/35 years), collecting 2,304 responses across conditions. LLMs were prompted to act as jurors, providing probability of guilt assessments (0-100), dichotomous verdicts, and responses to mediator and moderator variables.RESULTSLLMs showed higher average probability of guilt assessments compared with humans (63.56 vs. 58.82) but were more conservative in rendering guilty verdicts (21% vs. 49%). Similar to humans, LLMs demonstrated bias against White defendants and increased guilt attributions with multiple allegations. Unlike humans, who showed minimal effects of reporting delay, LLMs assigned higher guilt probabilities to cases with shorter reporting delays. Mediation analyses revealed that race-crime stereotype congruency and the black sheep effect partially mediated the racial bias effect, whereas perceived memory strength mediated the reporting delay effect.CONCLUSIONSAlthough LLMs may offer more consistent decision making, they are not immune to biases and may interpret certain case factors differently from human jurors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48230,"journal":{"name":"Law and Human Behavior","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of juvenile justice financial sanctions on youths’ recidivism.","authors":"Luyi Jian, Jennifer L. Skeem, Jaclyn E. Chambers","doi":"10.1037/lhb0000636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000636","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48230,"journal":{"name":"Law and Human Behavior","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taylor R. R. Cilke, Margot M. Williams, Nicole Tuomi Jones, Karie A. Gibson, Angel E. Gray
{"title":"Breaking the silence: Bystander reporting to law enforcement disrupts individuals moving toward targeted violence.","authors":"Taylor R. R. Cilke, Margot M. Williams, Nicole Tuomi Jones, Karie A. Gibson, Angel E. Gray","doi":"10.1037/lhb0000630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000630","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48230,"journal":{"name":"Law and Human Behavior","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of simplified Miranda warnings: An empirical examination of policy on youth comprehension and waiver decisions.","authors":"Sydney Baker, Emily Haney-Caron","doi":"10.1037/lhb0000627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000627","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48230,"journal":{"name":"Law and Human Behavior","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kristina Baker, Mia A. Thomaidou, Colleen M. Berryessa, Jason A. Cantone
{"title":"Autistic juvenile defendants: How defendant race and offense type affect juror decisions.","authors":"Kristina Baker, Mia A. Thomaidou, Colleen M. Berryessa, Jason A. Cantone","doi":"10.1037/lhb0000628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000628","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48230,"journal":{"name":"Law and Human Behavior","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supplemental Material for Autistic Juvenile Defendants: How Defendant Race and Offense Type Affect Juror Decisions","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/lhb0000628.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000628.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48230,"journal":{"name":"Law and Human Behavior","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145296315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supplemental Material for Large Language Models (LLMs) as Jurors: Assessing the Potential of LLMs in Legal Contexts","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/lhb0000620.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000620.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48230,"journal":{"name":"Law and Human Behavior","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145296319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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