Computers Environment and Urban Systems最新文献

{"title":"Impacts of spatial resolution on agent-based transportation simulations with shared autonomous vehicles","authors":"Kentaro Mori ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Fakhrmoosavi ,&nbsp;Krishna Murthy Gurumurthy ,&nbsp;Pedro Camargo ,&nbsp;Kara M. Kockelman","doi":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2025.102371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2025.102371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agent-based transportation models have been used to simulate shared autonomous vehicle (SAV) fleet operations, enabling a growing understanding of SAVs' operations, impacts, and opportunities. This paper investigates the issue of spatial resolution, since most studies have been conducted on coarsened networks, with many missing links and with aggregated addresses for trip origins and destinations. This work presents simulation results for dynamic traffic assignment with SAV fleet operations in Austin, Texas, comparing outcomes across two networks and two sets of addresses for trip ends in the region's six counties. The comparison involves the Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization's (CAMPO's) planning network with addresses highly aggregated (census block centroids supplemented with business establishment information), versus OpenStreetMap's (OSM's) real network with actual addresses sourced from OpenAddresses. CAMPO's network contains 40.6 % of the OSM lane-miles, while the aggregated address points are highly concentrated in the urban core and represent 23 actual addresses on average. Agent-based simulation results using the POLARIS model suggest that omitting a large share of collector and residential links significantly affects network flows, increasing VMT and VHT along non-expressway arterials by 18.9 % and 10.4 %, respectively, for the case of Austin. By contrast, address aggregation (at least at the level implemented in this study) has little impact on traffic. SAVs benefit from increased network connectivity and alternative routes in the complete network to reduce passenger pickup distances and ridepooling detours, lowering VMT by 10 % per SAV—nearly five times the reduction seen in network-wide VMT—and empty VMT (%eVMT) by 2.5 to 3.5 percentage points.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48241,"journal":{"name":"Computers Environment and Urban Systems","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 102371"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145624519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generative AI for spatial regeneration planning: Integrating urban planning theories and ethics","authors":"Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Yanjie Fu ,&nbsp;Ward Lyles","doi":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2025.102380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2025.102380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is rapidly emerging as a promising tool for urban planning, particularly spatial regeneration planning (SRP) aimed at ongoing redevelopment in urban areas. Driven by increasing availability of urban spatial data and a strong interest in technological innovation, GenAI models can generate diverse, context-sensitive planning scenarios beyond the limits of conventional approaches. However, the application of GenAI to SRP also raises pressing concerns: Are planning problems appropriately defined and rigorously modeled? How closely do model design and data processing align with established planning theories and ethics? What strategies can mitigate the risk of perpetuating spatial disadvantages embedded in historical data? How do we meaningfully evaluate GenAI's real-world impact? And how can GenAI be governed to ensure equity, transparency, and meaningful collaboration among all planning stakeholders? This Review critically assesses the intersection of SRP theories and GenAI, identifying key vulnerabilities along the modeling process, from problem formulation and data selection to model training, evaluation, and governance. We propose key technical pathways for developing GenAI-based SRP that are grounded in planning theories and ethics, aiming to advance both the rigor and societal relevance of spatial planning research for sustainable, smart, and resilient cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48241,"journal":{"name":"Computers Environment and Urban Systems","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 102380"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145624521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging sidewalk robots for walkability-related analyses","authors":"Xing Tong ,&nbsp;Michele D. Simoni ,&nbsp;Kaj Munhoz Arfvidsson ,&nbsp;Jonas Mårtensson","doi":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2025.102381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2025.102381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Walkability is a key component of sustainable urban development. In walkability studies, collecting detailed pedestrian infrastructure data remains challenging due to the high costs and limited scalability of traditional methods. Sidewalk delivery robots, increasingly deployed in urban environments, offer a promising solution to these limitations. This paper explores how these robots can serve as mobile data collection platforms, capturing sidewalk-level features related to walkability in a scalable, automated, and real-time manner. A sensor-equipped robot was deployed on a sidewalk network at KTH in Stockholm, completing 101 trips covering 900 segment records. From the collected data, different typologies of features are derived, including robot trip characteristics (e.g., speed, duration), sidewalk conditions (e.g., width, surface unevenness), and sidewalk utilization (e.g., pedestrian density). Their walkability-related implications were investigated with a series of analyses. The results demonstrate that pedestrian movement patterns are strongly influenced by sidewalk characteristics, with higher density, reduced width, and surface irregularity associated with slower and more variable trajectories. Notably, robot speed closely mirrors pedestrian behavior, highlighting its potential as a proxy for assessing pedestrian dynamics. The proposed framework enables continuous monitoring of sidewalk conditions and pedestrian behavior, contributing to the development of more walkable, inclusive, and responsive urban environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48241,"journal":{"name":"Computers Environment and Urban Systems","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 102381"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145624520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting uneven impacts of rental housing financialisation and platformisation on neighbourhoods in China: A multi-source data mining approach","authors":"Zixin Luo ,&nbsp;Mengzhu Zhang ,&nbsp;Dongwei Liu ,&nbsp;Juan Li ,&nbsp;Anthony G.O. Yeh","doi":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2025.102369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2025.102369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid financialisation and platformisation of rental housing (FPR) have been examined as a major factor for neighbourhood changes worldwide after the 2010s. Studies have revealed the appreciation and disamenity effects with which the financialisation and platformisation reshape neighbourhoods, whereas the uneven impacts of the variegated FPR on neighbourhoods remain insufficiently understood. Therefore, this study fills this gap by the evidence from 6645 neighbourhoods in five Chinese cities to detect the uneven impacts of FPR on neighbourhoods and excavate those vulnerable communities. Leveraging geographically weighted regression, computer vision analysis on street view images and SOFM-based clustering analysis, this study reveals that (1) the appreciation effects widely spread across the cities, particularly in the new urban areas in Suzhou, the suburban areas in Shenzhen and the central city in Shanghai. Conversely, the disamenity effects are more severe in suburban areas in Shenzhen and Beijing than other cities due to the large number of urban villages and dilapidated buildings there; (2) type-C neighbourhoods featuring old low-rise buildings with local elderly populations is least affected by FPR (both appreciation and disamenity). By contrast, type-D neighbourhoods encompassing a large number of migrant workers in the suburbs are most susceptible to FPR. This study introduces the housing market segmentation theory to understand FPR'S effect on neighbourhood segregation and provides policy implications for niche and means to mitigate the negative externalities of FPR</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48241,"journal":{"name":"Computers Environment and Urban Systems","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 102369"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145528120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"City identity recognition: how representation bias influences model predictability and replicability?","authors":"Xiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Fan Yang ,&nbsp;Zongze He ,&nbsp;Weijia Li ,&nbsp;Min Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2025.102370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2025.102370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Street-view images (SVIs) and social media photos have been widely used with deep learning in urban perception (e.g., predicting socioeconomic variables, recognizing city identities, and geolocalization). However, different data sources and sampling schemes are arbitrarily used in existing studies, and the induced representation bias that can drastically alter model predictions has long been overlooked. To bridge this gap, we systematically evaluate how different biases influence model predictability and replicability using city identity recognition (CIR), a task to understand the unique characters of cities and to recognize their identities from photos. The task was implemented by firstly extracting features with a model pretrained on a general scene recognition task, and secondly training city classifiers with the extracted features. We answer the research question by carefully designed experiments, where factors like intrinsic similarity between cities, data sources, camera perspectives, and spatial sampling are examined. In general, we show that recognizing cities from photos was not equally replicable across the world: intra-country CIR was more challenging than inter-country CIR. Contrast to common wisdom, the claimed advantages of social media photos in indoor and social scenarios were not effective on CIR and were largely surpassed by SVIs. For SVIs, perspectives along streets surprisingly better capture the uniqueness of a city than looking at building facades; biased spatial sampling can even overturn model predictions (e.g., rankings of city uniqueness). Finally, we explore the data diversity by projecting the learned representations into a low-dimensional semantic space, and critically discuss our results and implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48241,"journal":{"name":"Computers Environment and Urban Systems","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102370"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring climate-induced migration impacts on urban growth","authors":"Thomas Estabrook ,&nbsp;Derek Van Berkel ,&nbsp;Jenna Jorns ,&nbsp;Maria Carmen Lemos","doi":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2025.102368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2025.102368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As climate change intensifies, cities may experience stressors like extreme heat and flooding, as well as possibly human in-migration from highly exposed regions facing more extreme climate stressors. This study explores the potential impacts of climate-induced migration on urban development in Grand Rapids, Michigan, and Colorado Springs, Colorado. Using the FUTURES land-change model, we project urban expansion from 2016 to 2045, comparing different policy and planning scenarios to the status quo. These scenarios include urban infill, avoidance of location-specific climate stressors (e.g., fire- and flood-prone areas), and climate migration projections. Our results reveal that while promoting infill development can reduce the loss of green spaces and agricultural land, it has diverging effects on exposure to these climate risks. In Grand Rapids, infill policies led to greater urban expansion in flood-prone areas, while in Colorado Springs, similar policies mitigated development in wildfire-prone zones. Scenarios of climate migration due to sea-level rise suggest minimal urban expansion from migration influxes, largely due to current policies favoring densification in these cities. Uncertainty surrounding climate migration suggests a need to improve population projections by incorporating a broader range of climate stressors (e.g., flooding, wildfires, drought) that are likely to drive resettlement across the United States. Our findings suggest that receiving cities require information on potential impacts to balance the opportunities of climate migration while mitigating related environmental vulnerabilities. Decision support tools like land-use models can be useful for preparing cities to address future demographic and environmental challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48241,"journal":{"name":"Computers Environment and Urban Systems","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102368"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145466734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VoxCity: A seamless framework for open geospatial data integration, grid-based semantic 3D city model generation, and urban environment simulation","authors":"Kunihiko Fujiwara ,&nbsp;Ryuta Tsurumi ,&nbsp;Tomoki Kiyono ,&nbsp;Zicheng Fan ,&nbsp;Xiucheng Liang ,&nbsp;Binyu Lei ,&nbsp;Winston Yap ,&nbsp;Koichi Ito ,&nbsp;Filip Biljecki","doi":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2025.102366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2025.102366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three-dimensional urban environment simulation is a powerful tool for informed urban planning. However, the intensive manual effort required to prepare input 3D city models has hindered its widespread adoption. To address this challenge, we present VoxCity, an open-source Python package that provides a one-stop solution for grid-based 3D city model generation and urban environment simulation for cities worldwide. VoxCity’s ‘generator’ subpackage automatically downloads building heights, tree canopy heights, land cover, and terrain elevation within a specified target area, and voxelizes buildings, trees, land cover, and terrain to generate an integrated voxel city model. The ‘simulator’ subpackage enables users to conduct environmental simulations, including solar radiation and view index analyses. Users can export the generated models using several file formats compatible with external software, such as ENVI-met (INX), Blender, and Rhino (OBJ). We generated 3D city models for eight global cities, and demonstrated the calculation of solar irradiance, sky view index, and green view index. We also showcased microclimate simulation and 3D rendering visualization through ENVI-met and Rhino, respectively, through the file export function. Additionally, we reviewed openly available geospatial data to create guidelines to help users choose appropriate data sources depending on their target areas and purposes. VoxCity can significantly reduce the effort and time required for 3D city model preparation and promote the utilization of urban environment simulations. This contributes to more informed urban and architectural design that considers environmental impacts, and in turn, fosters sustainable and livable cities. VoxCity is released openly at <span><span>https://github.com/kunifujiwara/VoxCity</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48241,"journal":{"name":"Computers Environment and Urban Systems","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102366"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145466752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding human safety perception with eye-tracking systems, street view images, and explainable AI","authors":"Yuhao Kang ,&nbsp;Junda Chen ,&nbsp;Liu Liu ,&nbsp;Kshitij Sharma ,&nbsp;Martina Mazzarello ,&nbsp;Simone Mora ,&nbsp;Fábio Duarte ,&nbsp;Carlo Ratti","doi":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2025.102356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2025.102356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The way residents perceive safety plays an important role in how they use public spaces, and it informs city planning and public policy. Recent studies have combined street view images and advanced computer vision techniques to measure human safety perceptions of urban environments. Despite their success, such studies have often overlooked the specific environmental visual factors that draw human attention and trigger people’s feelings of safety perceptions. In this study, we introduce a computational framework that enriches the existing body of literature on place perception by using eye-tracking systems with street view images and explainable AI approaches. Eye-tracking systems measure what users are looking at and how long they engage with specific environmental elements. This allows us to explore the nuance of which visual environmental factors influence human safety perceptions. We conducted our research and recruited volunteers in Helsingborg, Sweden. By examining participants’ focus on specific features using Mean Object Ratio in Highlighted Regions (MoRH) and Mean Object Hue (MoH), we identified key visual elements that attract human attention when perceiving safe environments. For instance, certain urban infrastructure (e.g., stairways and signboards) and public space (flags and chairs) features draw more human attention while the sky is less relevant in influencing safety perceptions. These insights offer a more human-centered understanding of which urban features influence human safety perceptions. Furthermore, we compared the real human attention from eye-tracking systems with attention maps obtained from eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) results. Several XAI models were tested, and we observed that XGradCAM and EigenCAM most closely align with human safety perceptual patterns. Our framework provides a valuable approach to enhance the interpretability and trustworthiness of XAI models by comparing them with empirically observed human behavior data. This study demonstrates the limitations of previous place perception studies that solely rely on street view images and computer vision techniques, which may not comprehensively capture the nuanced human experiences and behaviors at place. The inclusion of technologies such as eye-tracking not only deepens our comprehension of human subjective experiences, but also contributes to the development of safer environments and communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48241,"journal":{"name":"Computers Environment and Urban Systems","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102356"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145418726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive continuity-preserving simplification of street networks","authors":"Martin Fleischmann ,&nbsp;Anastassia Vybornova ,&nbsp;James D. Gaboardi ,&nbsp;Anna Brázdová ,&nbsp;Daniela Dančejová","doi":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2025.102354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2025.102354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Street network data is widely used to study human-based activities and urban structure. Often, these data are geared towards transportation applications, which require highly granular, directed graphs that capture the complex relationships of potential traffic patterns. While this level of network detail is critical for certain fine-grained mobility models, it represents a hindrance for studies concerned with the morphology of the street network. For the latter case, street network simplification — the process of converting a highly granular input network into its most simple morphological form — is a necessary, but highly tedious preprocessing step, especially when conducted manually. In this manuscript, we develop and present a novel adaptive algorithm for simplifying street networks that is both fully automated <em>and</em> able to mimic results obtained through a manual simplification routine. The algorithm — available in the <span>neatnet</span> Python package — outperforms current state-of-the-art procedures when comparing those methods to manually, human-simplified data, while preserving network continuity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48241,"journal":{"name":"Computers Environment and Urban Systems","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102354"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145418716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the inequality of the particulate matter exposure level of public bicycle scheme users using an agent-based model","authors":"Suyeon Hwang ,&nbsp;Heesoo Rhim ,&nbsp;Jeon-Young Kang ,&nbsp;Jinmu Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2025.102367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2025.102367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air pollution negatively affects human health and understanding its relationship with mobility is crucial for assessing these effects. Although previous studies have relied on individual GPS trajectories, employing data gathered at the individual level frequently results in ecological fallacies. This study constructed a spatially explicit agent-based model (ABM) to illustrate the uneven interactions between the mobility patterns of bicycle users and their exposure to particulate matter (PM). We found that bicycle users who visited specific rental stations were exposed to higher PM levels. We conducted scenario analyses that included the closure of rental stations with higher average PM exposure levels or the introduction of detour routes to evaluate the influence of rental station utilization on exposure levels. When rental stations were completely closed and users were directed to detour to nearby accessible stations for both departure and arrival, they were observed to explore new mobility behaviors. During this process, users increased their exposure levels by selecting routes characterized by high PM concentrations and longer travel times. Conversely, when implementing a temporary closure that restricted only departures, the measured exposure levels showed a significant reduction compared with both the baseline and complete closure scenarios. The scenario analyses verified that individuals' exposure to PM was significantly affected by mobility patterns. The spatially explicit ABM can aid in identifying inequality in individuals' PM exposure levels by considering their mobility and can provide insights for improving urban transportation system management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48241,"journal":{"name":"Computers Environment and Urban Systems","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102367"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145418717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}