Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-08-08DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101944
Ilse Vranken, Chelly Maes, Orpha de Lenne, Laura Vandenbosch
With the body positivity movement being popularized through the internet (e.g., social media, websites) around 2010, the question remains whether fashion and beauty advertisements have embraced diverse body shapes and traits or continue to promote idealized appearances throughout 2010-2020. With this quantitative content analysis, we examine female models in popular Belgian high-end fashion magazines 'Elle' and 'Marie Claire'. Our study analyzed 1310 female models in 1111 fashion and beauty advertisements from Belgian magazines 'Elle' and 'Marie Claire' between 2010 and 2020. Results revealed that less than 0.5 % of models were plus-size, and only 8.08 % had an average body size. Average and plus-size models were not sexualized more than slim models, though this might be due to their low prevalence. While diverse appearance traits were present, they often followed societal 'micro-trends' focused on facial attractiveness (e.g., having big brows), neglecting broader diversity traits such as cellulite. These findings highlight the limited representation of diverse body sizes and appearance traits in luxury fashion magazines, urgently calling for greater inclusivity in the fashion industry.
{"title":"\"No one wants to see curvy women\". The absence of diverse models in magazine advertisements: A 10-year perspective.","authors":"Ilse Vranken, Chelly Maes, Orpha de Lenne, Laura Vandenbosch","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the body positivity movement being popularized through the internet (e.g., social media, websites) around 2010, the question remains whether fashion and beauty advertisements have embraced diverse body shapes and traits or continue to promote idealized appearances throughout 2010-2020. With this quantitative content analysis, we examine female models in popular Belgian high-end fashion magazines 'Elle' and 'Marie Claire'. Our study analyzed 1310 female models in 1111 fashion and beauty advertisements from Belgian magazines 'Elle' and 'Marie Claire' between 2010 and 2020. Results revealed that less than 0.5 % of models were plus-size, and only 8.08 % had an average body size. Average and plus-size models were not sexualized more than slim models, though this might be due to their low prevalence. While diverse appearance traits were present, they often followed societal 'micro-trends' focused on facial attractiveness (e.g., having big brows), neglecting broader diversity traits such as cellulite. These findings highlight the limited representation of diverse body sizes and appearance traits in luxury fashion magazines, urgently calling for greater inclusivity in the fashion industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"54 ","pages":"101944"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-08-07DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101951
Megan Buchkowski, Sarah Nutter, Jessica F Saunders
Eating disorders have high relapse and mortality rates, complex treatment needs, and disproportionately affect women. A common characteristic of women with eating disorders is a lack of embodiment and disconnection from the body. Increasing positive embodiment may be a means to help support recovery. This study qualitatively examined the impact of time spent in nature as a potential mechanism for increasing positive embodiment during eating recovery among six women in Canada and the USA using semi-structured interviews and reflexive thematic analysis. Participants shared that spending time in nature helped them appreciate and care for their bodies and slow their eating disorder voice, providing a foundation on which to build and maintain recovery from their eating disorder. Participants also described how being in nature helped them feel connected, leading to feeling a sense of belonging and a part of something bigger than themselves. The findings from this pilot study warrant further investigation, and may have implications for eating disorder treatment for women, as spending time in nature during eating disorder recovery may help counterbalance societal pressures on women and support recovery maintenance.
{"title":"\"It helps me to be more aware and connected to my body when I spent so many years trying to disconnect\": A qualitative pilot study on the impact of time spent in nature on eating disorder recovery.","authors":"Megan Buchkowski, Sarah Nutter, Jessica F Saunders","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eating disorders have high relapse and mortality rates, complex treatment needs, and disproportionately affect women. A common characteristic of women with eating disorders is a lack of embodiment and disconnection from the body. Increasing positive embodiment may be a means to help support recovery. This study qualitatively examined the impact of time spent in nature as a potential mechanism for increasing positive embodiment during eating recovery among six women in Canada and the USA using semi-structured interviews and reflexive thematic analysis. Participants shared that spending time in nature helped them appreciate and care for their bodies and slow their eating disorder voice, providing a foundation on which to build and maintain recovery from their eating disorder. Participants also described how being in nature helped them feel connected, leading to feeling a sense of belonging and a part of something bigger than themselves. The findings from this pilot study warrant further investigation, and may have implications for eating disorder treatment for women, as spending time in nature during eating disorder recovery may help counterbalance societal pressures on women and support recovery maintenance.</p>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"54 ","pages":"101951"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144805084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-31DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101955
Debora Blaso , Nicole Paraskeva , Paul White , Helena Lewis-Smith
Brazilian women experience a high level of appearance pressures, which are associated with risky health behaviours and adverse outcomes. Yet, the involvement with fashion clothing, a central aspect of appearance-related practices, has not undergone exploration among Brazilian women. This evokes concern, due to the popularity of image consulting interventions (providing advice on clothing, style, and colour coordination), which could be potentially harmful, given the current lack of understanding regarding the impact of fashion clothing involvement on body image and mental health. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore these associations, whereby 710 Brazilian women (M age = 34.20, SD= 8.70) completed measures of fashion clothing involvement, self-objectification, body shame, disordered eating attitudes, self-esteem and acceptance of cosmetic surgery. Bivariate correlations revealed associations between higher fashion clothing involvement and higher self-objectification, higher acceptance of cosmetic surgery and higher self-esteem. Partial correlations, controlling for self-objectification, revealed higher fashion clothing involvement to be associated with higher self-esteem, lower body shame and lower disordered eating attitudes. Confounding testing suggested that the fashion clothing involvement negative associations may be partially explained by self-objectification. Overall, findings suggest that fashion clothing involvement may be positively or negatively associated with Brazilian women’s mental health, highlighting the need for future research to further elucidate this complex relationship.
{"title":"The impact of fashion clothing involvement and self-objectification on women’s mental health: A cross-sectional study among Brazilian women","authors":"Debora Blaso , Nicole Paraskeva , Paul White , Helena Lewis-Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brazilian women experience a high level of appearance pressures, which are associated with risky health behaviours and adverse outcomes. Yet, the involvement with fashion clothing, a central aspect of appearance-related practices, has not undergone exploration among Brazilian women. This evokes concern, due to the popularity of image consulting interventions (providing advice on clothing, style, and colour coordination), which could be potentially harmful, given the current lack of understanding regarding the impact of fashion clothing involvement on body image and mental health. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore these associations, whereby 710 Brazilian women (M age = 34.20, SD= 8.70) completed measures of fashion clothing involvement, self-objectification, body shame, disordered eating attitudes, self-esteem and acceptance of cosmetic surgery. Bivariate correlations revealed associations between higher fashion clothing involvement and higher self-objectification, higher acceptance of cosmetic surgery and higher self-esteem. Partial correlations, controlling for self-objectification, revealed higher fashion clothing involvement to be associated with higher self-esteem, lower body shame and lower disordered eating attitudes. Confounding testing suggested that the fashion clothing involvement negative associations may be partially explained by self-objectification. Overall, findings suggest that fashion clothing involvement may be positively or negatively associated with Brazilian women’s mental health, highlighting the need for future research to further elucidate this complex relationship.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101955"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-27DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101953
Kyle T. Ganson , Rachel F. Rodgers , Alexander Testa , Stuart B. Murray , Jason M. Nagata
The muscular body ideal and muscularity concerns and behaviors have been posited to be major drivers of eating disorder psychopathology among boys and men. However, there is limited evidence of this, particularly among large, international samples. This study aimed to compare muscularity concerns and behaviors across probable eating disorder diagnoses among a non-clinical sample of boys and men from Canada and the United States. Data from the Study of Boys and Men (N = 937) were analyzed. One-way ANOVAs and post-hoc Tukey’s honestly significant difference tests were used to determine differences in mean scores on two commonly used measures of muscularity concerns and behaviors. Participants with probable anorexia nervosa/atypical anorexia nervosa and probable bulimia nervosa had significantly greater muscularity concerns and behaviors compared to those with neither condition. However, muscularity concerns and behaviors were similar across these two disorders. Participants with probable binge-eating disorder had significantly lower muscularity concerns and behaviors compared to those with probable anorexia nervosa/atypical anorexia nervosa and probable bulimia nervosa. Findings underscore the relevance of muscularity concerns and behaviors among boys and men with eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa/atypical anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Future iterations of the diagnostic criterion for these disorders should consider adding a focus on muscularity concerns and behaviors to account for the experiences of boys and men.
{"title":"Exploring muscularity concerns and behaviours among boys and men with probable eating disorders","authors":"Kyle T. Ganson , Rachel F. Rodgers , Alexander Testa , Stuart B. Murray , Jason M. Nagata","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The muscular body ideal and muscularity concerns and behaviors have been posited to be major drivers of eating disorder psychopathology among boys and men. However, there is limited evidence of this, particularly among large, international samples. This study aimed to compare muscularity concerns and behaviors across probable eating disorder diagnoses among a non-clinical sample of boys and men from Canada and the United States. Data from the Study of Boys and Men (<em>N</em> = 937) were analyzed. One-way ANOVAs and post-hoc Tukey’s honestly significant difference tests were used to determine differences in mean scores on two commonly used measures of muscularity concerns and behaviors. Participants with probable anorexia nervosa/atypical anorexia nervosa and probable bulimia nervosa had significantly greater muscularity concerns and behaviors compared to those with neither condition. However, muscularity concerns and behaviors were similar across these two disorders. Participants with probable binge-eating disorder had significantly lower muscularity concerns and behaviors compared to those with probable anorexia nervosa/atypical anorexia nervosa and probable bulimia nervosa. Findings underscore the relevance of muscularity concerns and behaviors among boys and men with eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa/atypical anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Future iterations of the diagnostic criterion for these disorders should consider adding a focus on muscularity concerns and behaviors to account for the experiences of boys and men.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101953"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-12DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101952
Jinbo He , Ziyue Wang , Xi Chen , Wesley R. Barnhart , Zhaoyi Pan , Shuqi Cui , See Heng Yim , Jihong Zhang , Gui Chen , Feng Ji
The present study used longitudinal network analysis to investigate the applicability of the tripartite influence model (TIM) and social comparison theories in explaining eating disorder (ED) psychopathology among Chinese adolescents. A total of 1428 Chinese adolescents (607 boys, 821 girls) participated in a four-wave longitudinal study over 18 months. Separate within-person contemporaneous and temporal networks were estimated for boys and girls, both demonstrating adequate network stability. In both boys’ and girls’ contemporaneous networks, peer pressures was the most influential node, while thin-ideal internalization and downward physical appearance comparison exhibited the highest bridge expected influence. In boys’ temporal network, TIM factors predicted most ED symptoms over time, whereas appearance comparisons had limited directional associations with ED symptoms. Also, in the boys’ temporal network, contingency of self-worth on shape/weight showed the highest in-expected influence, and peer pressures had the highest out-expected influence and the highest bridge centrality. In contrast, girls’ temporal network revealed bidirectional associations among TIM and social comparison factors, both of which had directional links with ED symptoms. Furthermore, in girls’ temporal network, peer pressures exhibited the highest in-expected influence, upward physical appearance comparison exhibited the highest out-expected influence, and both thin-ideal internalization and upward physical appearance comparison had the highest bridge centrality. These findings suggest sex-specific patterns linking sociocultural influences to ED psychopathology, highlighting the potential importance of targeting key sex-specific sociocultural factors when designing interventions.
{"title":"Tripartite influence and social comparison theories for explaining eating disorder psychopathology in Chinese boys and girls: A longitudinal network perspective","authors":"Jinbo He , Ziyue Wang , Xi Chen , Wesley R. Barnhart , Zhaoyi Pan , Shuqi Cui , See Heng Yim , Jihong Zhang , Gui Chen , Feng Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study used longitudinal network analysis to investigate the applicability of the tripartite influence model (TIM) and social comparison theories in explaining eating disorder (ED) psychopathology among Chinese adolescents. A total of 1428 Chinese adolescents (607 boys, 821 girls) participated in a four-wave longitudinal study over 18 months. Separate within-person contemporaneous and temporal networks were estimated for boys and girls, both demonstrating adequate network stability. In both boys’ and girls’ contemporaneous networks, <em>peer pressures</em> was the most influential node, while <em>thin-ideal internalization</em> and <em>downward physical appearance comparison</em> exhibited the highest <em>bridge expected influence</em>. In boys’ temporal network, TIM factors predicted most ED symptoms over time, whereas appearance comparisons had limited directional associations with ED symptoms. Also, in the boys’ temporal network, <em>contingency of self-worth on shape/weight</em> showed the highest <em>in-expected influence</em>, and <em>peer pressures</em> had the highest <em>out-expected influence</em> and the highest bridge centrality. In contrast, girls’ temporal network revealed bidirectional associations among TIM and social comparison factors, both of which had directional links with ED symptoms. Furthermore, in girls’ temporal network, <em>peer pressures</em> exhibited the highest <em>in-expected influence</em>, <em>upward physical appearance comparison</em> exhibited the highest <em>out-expected influence</em>, and both <em>thin-ideal internalization</em> and <em>upward physical appearance comparison</em> had the highest bridge centrality. These findings suggest sex-specific patterns linking sociocultural influences to ED psychopathology, highlighting the potential importance of targeting key sex-specific sociocultural factors when designing interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101952"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144826573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101948
Kristen Murray , Alex McGregor , Ruozhou Jin , Fiona Xu , Liana Leach
Psychosocial conditions at work play a key role in physical and mental health. Despite evidence of a relationship with these conditions and their outcomes, body image has been largely absent from workplace well-being research. The current study drew from the Job Demands-Resources Model to address this gap by conceptualising body appreciation, a component of positive body image, as a personal resource connecting focal job demands and job resources with workplace well-being. A total of N = 402 working adults aged 20–65 years (49 % Women) from the United Kingdom were recruited via Prolific to complete an online cross-sectional survey. Greater emotional demands and lower manager support were associated with lower body appreciation which, in turn, was associated with greater burnout, and poorer work engagement and job satisfaction. No gender differences were observed in these relationships, nor associations between quantitative or cognitive demands, or colleague support, and body appreciation. The study underlines the need for a greater focus on body image in employee well-being. Future research would benefit from prospective designs accounting for the complex interrelationships between a range of body image indicators, body-related demands and resources, and influences at the team and organisational-level.
{"title":"Body appreciation at work: Examining indirect effects in the relationship between job demands, job resources, and workplace well-being","authors":"Kristen Murray , Alex McGregor , Ruozhou Jin , Fiona Xu , Liana Leach","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psychosocial conditions at work play a key role in physical and mental health. Despite evidence of a relationship with these conditions and their outcomes, body image has been largely absent from workplace well-being research. The current study drew from the Job Demands-Resources Model to address this gap by conceptualising body appreciation, a component of positive body image, as a personal resource connecting focal job demands and job resources with workplace well-being. A total of <em>N</em> = 402 working adults aged 20–65 years (49 % Women) from the United Kingdom were recruited via Prolific to complete an online cross-sectional survey. Greater emotional demands and lower manager support were associated with lower body appreciation which, in turn, was associated with greater burnout, and poorer work engagement and job satisfaction. No gender differences were observed in these relationships, nor associations between quantitative or cognitive demands, or colleague support, and body appreciation. The study underlines the need for a greater focus on body image in employee well-being. Future research would benefit from prospective designs accounting for the complex interrelationships between a range of body image indicators, body-related demands and resources, and influences at the team and organisational-level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101948"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101949
Sara Ribeiro de Faria , Sandra Torres
Positive body image is conceptualized as a multidimensional construct. The Positive Body Image among Adolescents Scale (PBIAS; Maes et al., 2021) is the first instrument to assess different dimensions of positive body image in a single measure. To extend its use internationally, we examined the factor structure and psychometric properties of a Portuguese translation of the PBIAS. Participants (N = 664) were adolescents aged from 13 to 18 years. Confirmatory factor analyses validated the four-factor structure of the scale. Multi-group confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the scale was invariant across gender. Internal consistency reliability was supported. Further analyses identified positive associations with self-esteem, quality of life and functionality appreciation, and negative associations with the internalization of thin ideals and media pressure, thus supporting convergent validity. Additionally, incremental validity was demonstrated. Results provide good evidence that the PBIAS is suitable for comprehensive assessment of positive body image in Portuguese adolescents.
积极的身体形象被概念化为一个多维结构。青少年积极身体形象量表（PBIAS）Maes et al., 2021)是第一个在单一测量中评估积极身体形象的不同维度的工具。为了扩大其在国际上的应用，我们研究了PBIAS的葡萄牙语翻译的因素结构和心理测量特性。参与者（N = 664）为13至18岁的青少年。验证性因子分析验证了量表的四因子结构。多组验证性因子分析表明，量表在不同性别之间是不变的。支持内部一致性可靠性。进一步分析发现，与自尊、生活质量和功能欣赏呈正相关，与瘦理想内化和媒体压力负相关，从而支持趋同效度。此外，还证明了增量效度。结果表明PBIAS适用于葡萄牙青少年积极身体形象的综合评价。
{"title":"Psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Positive Body Image among Adolescents Scale","authors":"Sara Ribeiro de Faria , Sandra Torres","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Positive body image is conceptualized as a multidimensional construct. The Positive Body Image among Adolescents Scale (PBIAS; Maes et al., 2021) is the first instrument to assess different dimensions of positive body image in a single measure. To extend its use internationally, we examined the factor structure and psychometric properties of a Portuguese translation of the PBIAS. Participants (<em>N</em> = 664) were adolescents aged from 13 to 18 years. Confirmatory factor analyses validated the four-factor structure of the scale. Multi-group confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the scale was invariant across gender. Internal consistency reliability was supported. Further analyses identified positive associations with self-esteem, quality of life and functionality appreciation, and negative associations with the internalization of thin ideals and media pressure, thus supporting convergent validity. Additionally, incremental validity was demonstrated. Results provide good evidence that the PBIAS is suitable for comprehensive assessment of positive body image in Portuguese adolescents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101949"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144771088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101950
David Veale , Charles Beeson , Mariella Hutton , Andriani Papageorgiou , Lara-Christine Jegelka , Emma Baldock
A theoretical model for understanding body dysmorphic disorder is the processing of the self as an aesthetic object (SAO), which includes the experience of a negative imagery in relation to how one looks and the experience of shame. Our aim was to psychometrically evaluate a new questionnaire, the SAO, to explore this concept. In Study 1, 80 participants with BDD and 102 with body dissatisfaction completed the SAO, the Appearance Anxiety Inventory (AAI), and the Cosmetic Procedures Screening (COPS) questionnaires. Exploratory factor analyses (EFA) were conducted, and convergent validity was assessed through correlation with the AAI and COPS. In Study 2, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the SAO was conducted on another clinical sample (N = 77) of participants with BDD who completed questionnaires prior to attending assessment and treatment at a specialist outpatient clinic. Convergent validity and internal consistency were re-assessed. EFA in the BDD group in Study 1 suggested a single factor structure on the basis of 11 of the original 12 items. CFA of a one-factor structure of the 11-item SAO found a reasonable fit, with some unacceptable fit indices. Convergent validity was demonstrated through moderate and significant correlation of the SAO with the AAI and the COPS. Internal consistency of the SAO was good (Cronbach’s alpha range: .89–.94). In conclusion, we explored the processing of the self as an aesthetic object through a new questionnaire, and findings support its reliability and validity with a single factor. Several treatment implications are discussed.
{"title":"The processing of the self as an aesthetic object: Development of a new measure for understanding body dysmorphic disorder","authors":"David Veale , Charles Beeson , Mariella Hutton , Andriani Papageorgiou , Lara-Christine Jegelka , Emma Baldock","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A theoretical model for understanding body dysmorphic disorder is the processing of the self as an aesthetic object (SAO), which includes the experience of a negative imagery in relation to how one looks and the experience of shame. Our aim was to psychometrically evaluate a new questionnaire, the SAO, to explore this concept. In Study 1, 80 participants with BDD and 102 with body dissatisfaction completed the SAO, the Appearance Anxiety Inventory (AAI), and the Cosmetic Procedures Screening (COPS) questionnaires. Exploratory factor analyses (EFA) were conducted, and convergent validity was assessed through correlation with the AAI and COPS. In Study 2, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the SAO was conducted on another clinical sample (N = 77) of participants with BDD who completed questionnaires prior to attending assessment and treatment at a specialist outpatient clinic. Convergent validity and internal consistency were re-assessed. EFA in the BDD group in Study 1 suggested a single factor structure on the basis of 11 of the original 12 items. CFA of a one-factor structure of the 11-item SAO found a reasonable fit, with some unacceptable fit indices. Convergent validity was demonstrated through moderate and significant correlation of the SAO with the AAI and the COPS. Internal consistency of the SAO was good (Cronbach’s alpha range: .89–.94). In conclusion, we explored the processing of the self as an aesthetic object through a new questionnaire, and findings support its reliability and validity with a single factor. Several treatment implications are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101950"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144771089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Tripartite Influence Model provides a robust framework for understanding how sociocultural pressures, mediated by psychological processes, contribute to body dissatisfaction. The present study aimed to test this model among pregnant women, in which media, peers, family and significant others pressures were associated with body dissatisfaction via physical appearance comparison and thin-ideal internalization. We predicted that all sociocultural sources of influence would be associated with body dissatisfaction both directly and indirectly. Participants (309 pregnant women, mean-age: 32.9 years) completed a questionnaire containing the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4R, the Physical-Appearance Comparison Scale, and the Body-Shape Questionnaire-14. A path analysis was performed in which media, peers, family and significant others pressures were posited as predictors of the physical appearance comparison, thin-ideal internalization and body dissatisfaction, respectively. We found that only media and family pressures were directly related to body dissatisfaction. Moreover, the indirect effect of both media and significant others pressures on body dissatisfaction through physical appearance comparison and thin-ideal internalization was significant. Peer pressures (i.e., perceived expectations and evaluative comments) were not associated with body dissatisfaction either directly or indirectly. Overall, these findings provide information about the role that sociocultural pressures, particularly those from media, family and significant others, play in shaping body dissatisfaction among pregnant women. The study highlighted the importance for healthcare professionals to address the impact of societal beauty ideals on pregnant women’s mental health and body image. Healthcare providers might consider incorporating psychological assessments into prenatal care to identify women at risk of heightened body dissatisfaction.
{"title":"Testing the tripartite influence model on body image among pregnant women","authors":"Cristian Di Gesto , Catherine Preston , Amanda Nerini , Camilla Matera , Caterina Grano","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Tripartite Influence Model provides a robust framework for understanding how sociocultural pressures, mediated by psychological processes, contribute to body dissatisfaction. The present study aimed to test this model among pregnant women, in which media, peers, family and significant others pressures were associated with body dissatisfaction via physical appearance comparison and thin-ideal internalization. We predicted that all sociocultural sources of influence would be associated with body dissatisfaction both directly and indirectly. Participants (309 pregnant women, mean-age: 32.9 years) completed a questionnaire containing the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4R, the Physical-Appearance Comparison Scale, and the Body-Shape Questionnaire-14. A path analysis was performed in which media, peers, family and significant others pressures were posited as predictors of the physical appearance comparison, thin-ideal internalization and body dissatisfaction, respectively. We found that only media and family pressures were directly related to body dissatisfaction. Moreover, the indirect effect of both media and significant others pressures on body dissatisfaction through physical appearance comparison and thin-ideal internalization was significant. Peer pressures (i.e., perceived expectations and evaluative comments) were not associated with body dissatisfaction either directly or indirectly. Overall, these findings provide information about the role that sociocultural pressures, particularly those from media, family and significant others, play in shaping body dissatisfaction among pregnant women. The study highlighted the importance for healthcare professionals to address the impact of societal beauty ideals on pregnant women’s mental health and body image. Healthcare providers might consider incorporating psychological assessments into prenatal care to identify women at risk of heightened body dissatisfaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101947"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is an urgent need to decentre white-centric epistemologies and methodologies in body image research. However, systemic change will be difficult to achieve without understanding body image researchers’ perceptions of the scale of the problem and the barriers they face in disrupting white supremacy. The present study aims to: i) explore researchers’ perceived impact of white supremacy in the field, and ii) identify barriers in adopting anti-racist research practices. Forty-seven body image and appearance researchers (aged 24–57 years; M = 33.96, SD = 7.31) across career stages participated in an online survey examining their understanding of white supremacy’s influence on the field, barriers in adopting anti-racist research practices on multiple levels, and their perceived responsibility and impact. Descriptive data indicated some perceived influence of white supremacy on body image research currently (M = 2.87; SD = 2.11; range = 1–7). Participants attributed greater responsibility for addressing white supremacy to researchers who were more advanced in their career, with late-stage researchers most frequently ranked most responsible (n = 21). Participants rated their own responsibility as moderately low (M = 2.02; SD = 0.93) but their own actions as slightly impactful (M = 4.65; SD = 2.08; all ranges 1–7). Reflexive content analysis highlighted the importance in contextualising researchers’ situatedness within white-centric power structures (Category 1), characterised by homogenous white spaces and groups (Category 2), which contributed to multiple barriers within the research process (Category 3). Based on these findings, we made recommendations for targeted and practical solutions to move the field forward.
{"title":"“Trapped in an echo chamber of whiteness”: Exploring real-world barriers in understanding and challenging white supremacy in body image research in the global north","authors":"Jamie Chan , Josh Francis , Phoebe Gray , Megan Hurst","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is an urgent need to decentre white-centric epistemologies and methodologies in body image research. However, systemic change will be difficult to achieve without understanding body image researchers’ perceptions of the scale of the problem and the barriers they face in disrupting white supremacy. The present study aims to: i) explore researchers’ perceived impact of white supremacy in the field, and ii) identify barriers in adopting anti-racist research practices. Forty-seven body image and appearance researchers (aged 24–57 years; <em>M</em> = 33.96, <em>SD</em> = 7.31) across career stages participated in an online survey examining their understanding of white supremacy’s influence on the field, barriers in adopting anti-racist research practices on multiple levels, and their perceived responsibility and impact. Descriptive data indicated some perceived influence of white supremacy on body image research currently <em>(M</em> = 2.87; <em>SD</em> = 2.11; range = 1–7<em>).</em> Participants attributed greater responsibility for addressing white supremacy to researchers who were more advanced in their career, with late-stage researchers most frequently ranked most responsible (<em>n</em> = 21). Participants rated their own responsibility as moderately low <em>(M</em> = 2.02; <em>SD</em> = 0.93<em>)</em> but their own actions as slightly impactful (<em>M</em> = 4.65; <em>SD</em> = 2.08; all ranges 1–7). Reflexive content analysis highlighted the importance in contextualising researchers’ situatedness within white-centric power structures (Category 1), characterised by homogenous white spaces and groups (Category 2), which contributed to multiple barriers within the research process (Category 3). Based on these findings, we made recommendations for targeted and practical solutions to move the field forward.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101946"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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