Cognitive Therapy and Research最新文献

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A Schema Conceptualisation of Psychosocial Functioning Among Transitioned Military Personnel 转业军人社会心理功能的模式概念化

IF 2.8 3区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Cognitive Therapy and Research

Pub Date : 2023-12-24 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-023-10455-9

Megan A. Fry, Mark J. Boschen, Shirley A. Morrissey, Ozgur Yalcin, Nicola W. Burton

Background

The military to civilian transition process is often associated with a negative impact on psychosocial functioning. Contemporary approaches to understand this are moving away from focussing on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), to examine the military cultural and environmental impacts of service. Schema theory can provide a useful conceptual framework for understanding these issues. The aim of this study was to explore Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) across three samples: transitioned military personnel, veterans and first responders with PTSD, and general adults.

Method

This cross-sectional research used a transitioned military sample recruited specifically for this study (N = 94) and two comparison samples of veterans and first responders diagnosed with PTSD (N = 218), and general adults (N = 264) from previous research. Participants completed a Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ). Independent t-tests were conducted to compare the three samples.

Results

Transitioned military personnel were significantly higher than the general adults on the EMS of Vulnerability to Harm, Entitlement, Emotional Inhibition, Punitiveness and Unrelenting Standards and lower on the schema of Enmeshment. Transitioned military personnel were significantly lower than the PTSD sample on 11 out of the 18 EMS.

Conclusions

The cluster of EMS evident in the transitioned military sample were conceptualised as ‘The Military Mode’. This conceptual framework can be used to understand the psycho-social issues experienced by transitioned military personnel and to inform interventions to promote successful transition.

背景从军人到平民的转变过程通常会对社会心理功能产生负面影响。当代理解这一问题的方法正在从关注创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）转向研究服役对军事文化和环境的影响。模式理论可以为理解这些问题提供一个有用的概念框架。本研究旨在探讨三个样本中的早期适应不良模式（EMS）：转业军人、患有创伤后应激障碍的退伍军人和急救人员以及普通成年人。方法本横断面研究使用了一个专门为本研究招募的转业军人样本（94 人），以及两个对比样本：被诊断患有创伤后应激障碍的退伍军人和急救人员（218 人）和之前研究中的普通成年人（264 人）。参与者填写了一份 Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ)。结果转业军人在易受伤害、权利、情感抑制、惩罚性和无情标准的 EMS 上明显高于普通成年人，而在 "依恋 "模式上则低于普通成年人。在 18 项 EMS 中，转业军人在 11 项上明显低于创伤后应激障碍样本。这一概念框架可用于了解转业军人所经历的社会心理问题，并为促进成功转业的干预措施提供依据。

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引用次数: 0

Ruminative Variability Predicts Increases in Depression and Social Anxiety 反刍变异性可预测抑郁和社交焦虑的增加

IF 2.8 3区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Cognitive Therapy and Research

Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-023-10451-z

Christian A. L. Bean, Jeffrey A. Ciesla

Background

Rumination is a well-established contributor to the severity of depression and anxiety. It is unknown, however, whether individual differences in the temporal dynamics of rumination over time predict longitudinal increases in depression or anxiety.

Methods

The current study examined whether the dynamic indices of ruminative inertia and variability assessed over 14 days via ecological momentary assessment predicted change in symptoms of depression, general anxiety, and social anxiety at a 90-day follow-up (n = 115).

Results

Controlling for ruminative variability, baseline levels of the dependent variable, sex, and mean levels of momentary rumination, ruminative inertia did not predict change in symptoms of depression, general anxiety, or social anxiety at the 90-day follow-up. In contrast, greater ruminative variability predicted increases in symptoms of both depression and social anxiety but not general anxiety at follow-up. Individuals endorsing higher baseline levels of depressive symptoms demonstrated greater amounts of inertia and variability in their momentary rumination. Greater ruminative variability but not inertia was also associated with higher baseline levels of general anxiety and social anxiety.

Conclusions

These results suggest that ruminative variability may be a risk factor for increases in symptoms of depression and social anxiety over time and a potentially useful target for clinical intervention.

背景反刍是导致抑郁和焦虑严重程度的一个公认因素。方法本研究通过生态学瞬时评估，考察了 14 天内反刍惯性和变异性的动态指数是否能预测 90 天随访时抑郁症状、一般焦虑和社交焦虑的变化（n = 115）。结果在对反刍变异性、因变量基线水平、性别和瞬间反刍平均水平进行控制后，反刍惰性并不能预测抑郁、一般焦虑或社交焦虑症状在90天随访中的变化。与此相反，反刍变异性越大，就越能预测抑郁和社交焦虑症状的增加，但不能预测随访时一般焦虑症状的增加。抑郁症状基线水平较高的人在其瞬间反刍中表现出更大的惰性和变异性。结论：这些结果表明，反刍变异性可能是抑郁症状和社交焦虑症状随时间推移而增加的一个风险因素，也可能是临床干预的一个有用目标。

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引用次数: 0

A Multi-Method Analysis of the Role of Social Safety Behavior in Loneliness 社会安全行为在孤独感中的作用的多方法分析

IF 2.8 3区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Cognitive Therapy and Research

Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-023-10449-7

Tapan A. Patel, Lauren A. Stentz, Jesse R. Cougle

Background

Recent research has found a strong link between loneliness and social anxiety above and beyond other psychological constructs. Given these strong relationships, the present study sought to determine if mechanisms that maintain social anxiety may also play a role in loneliness. Specifically, the present study used two samples to explore the role of social safety behavior (SBs; behaviors intended to avoid, prevent, or manage threat) in loneliness.

Methods

In Study 1, we explored this relationship in an unselected sample (N = 98). In Study 2, participants (N = 132) with elevated social anxiety were randomized to a two-week SB fading manipulation or a no-instruction control.

Results

SBs were positively associated with loneliness, independent of co-occurring social anxiety. Further, changes in SBs were associated with changes in loneliness one-month later, and social anxiety was no longer significantly associated with loneliness once SBs were entered in these models. SB fading led to significantly lower loneliness at post-manipulation, relative to the control condition, though this effect was only found in individuals high in baseline loneliness. Additionally, a moderated mediation model found that for individuals high in pre-manipulation loneliness, change in loneliness was accounted for by change in negative interpretation bias, a key mechanism in both loneliness and social anxiety.

Conclusions

Taken together, these findings indicate that targeting SB may be a viable method of addressing loneliness, though further research is needed.

最近的研究发现，孤独和社交焦虑之间的紧密联系超越了其他心理结构。鉴于这些紧密的关系，本研究试图确定维持社交焦虑的机制是否也可能在孤独中发挥作用。具体而言，本研究采用两个样本来探讨社会安全行为(SBs;(在孤独中为避免、防止或管理威胁而采取的行为)。方法在研究1中，我们在一个未选择的样本(N = 98)中探讨了这种关系。在研究2中，社交焦虑升高的参与者(N = 132)被随机分配到为期两周的SB消退操作组或无指导对照组。结果ssbs与孤独感呈正相关，与共发社交焦虑无关。此外，一个月后，SBs的变化与孤独感的变化相关，一旦将SBs纳入这些模型，社交焦虑就不再与孤独感显著相关。相对于控制组，脑皮层衰退导致操作后孤独感显著降低，尽管这种影响仅在基线孤独感高的个体中发现。此外，一个有调节的中介模型发现，对于高操纵前孤独感的个体，孤独感的变化是由负性解释偏见的变化所解释的，负性解释偏见是孤独和社交焦虑的关键机制。综上所述，这些发现表明针对SB可能是一种解决孤独感的可行方法，尽管还需要进一步的研究。

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引用次数: 0

A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study Exploring the Additive Clinical Effect of Cognitive Bias Modification-Memory in Depressed Inpatients 一项探讨抑郁症住院患者认知偏差修正记忆的附加临床效应的随机对照先导研究

IF 2.8 3区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Cognitive Therapy and Research

Pub Date : 2023-11-22 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-023-10452-y

Janna N. Vrijsen, Hanah Windbergs, Eni S. Becker, Norbert Scherbaum, Bernhard W. Müller, Indira Tendolkar

Background

Depression often leads to clinical admission. Stimulating positive memory bias through repeated retrieval can counteract a ruminative depressotypic processing style. Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM)-Memory is a psychological intervention, which was evaluated as possible adjunct treatment for depressed inpatients.

Methods

A randomized controlled pilot study with a one-week follow-up was implemented to compare the effect of a four-session positive CBM-Memory intervention to a neutral CBM-Memory version. Training-congruent retrieval (as manipulation check), and transfer to rumination (as mechanistic target) and depressive symptoms (self-rated and clinician-rated; indication of clinical relevance) were assessed.

Results

In the intention-to-treat sample (N = 81, M_age=35.6/SD = 11.9, 60% female), condition-congruent memory retrieval of previously presented target words was found after the training and at follow-up (large effect-sizes). Positive CBM-Memory intervention resulted in sustained recall bias and largest rumination reduction with a small-medium effect size. Additionally, the conditions did not differ significantly on the reduction in depressive symptoms.

Conclusions

Positive CBM-Memory intervention yielded positive recall bias, which was still present one week later. Additionally, the positive condition did yield more decrease in trait (but not state) rumination, providing some support for rumination as mechanistic target of positive CBM-Memory. However, there was no evidence for transfer of the training effect to depressive symptoms, indicating no superiority on clinical recovery of the positive over the neutral condition. Future research should examine a higher dosage, integration of CBM in the treatment provision, and its long-term effects in a well-powered trial.

背景:抑郁症经常导致临床入院。通过重复检索刺激积极记忆偏差可以抵消反刍抑郁型加工方式。认知偏差修正记忆是一种心理干预，可作为抑郁症住院患者的辅助治疗方法。方法采用一项随机对照先导研究，为期一周的随访，比较四期阳性cbm -记忆干预与中性cbm -记忆干预的效果。训练一致性检索(作为操作检查)、反刍转移(作为机械性目标)和抑郁症状(自评和临床评定);临床相关指征)进行评估。结果意向处理样本(N = 81, Mage=35.6/SD = 11.9，女性占60%)在训练结束后和随访时均能获得目标词语的条件一致记忆(效应量较大)。积极的cbm -记忆干预导致持续回忆偏差和最大的反刍减少，具有中小型效应量。此外，两种情况在减轻抑郁症状方面没有显著差异。结论正向cbm -记忆干预产生正向回忆偏倚，且在一周后仍存在。此外，积极条件确实导致特质反刍(而不是状态反刍)的减少，这为反刍作为积极cbm -记忆的机制目标提供了一定的支持。然而，没有证据表明训练效应会转移到抑郁症状上，这表明在临床恢复上，阳性条件并不比中性条件有优势。未来的研究应该检查更高的剂量，在治疗提供中整合CBM，以及在一个强有力的试验中其长期效果。

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引用次数: 0

Self-Report Measures of Sensory Phenomena in Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors: A Comparison to Healthy Controls 身体聚焦重复行为中感觉现象的自我报告测量:与健康对照的比较

3区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Cognitive Therapy and Research

Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-023-10448-8

Sydney Biscarri Clark, Suzanne Mouton-Odum, Christopher A. Flessner, Emily J. Ricketts, Tara S. Peris, Darin D. Dougherty, Douglas W. Woods, Dan J. Stein, Christine Lochner, Jon E. Grant, Nancy J. Keuthen, John Piacentini

引用次数: 0

Tolerance of Uncontrollability Questionnaire: Turkish Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation in Clinical and Non-Clinical Samples 不可控性的容忍度问卷:土耳其人在临床和非临床样本中的适应和心理测量评估

3区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Cognitive Therapy and Research

Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-023-10450-0

Şengül Tosun Altınöz, Uğur Doğan, Ali Ercan Altınöz, Halil Üzmez

引用次数: 0

Emphasizing Controllability over Biological Processes Underlying Depression: Effects on the Perceived Credibility of Psychotherapy 强调抑郁症背后生物过程的可控性:对心理治疗感知可信度的影响

3区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Cognitive Therapy and Research

Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-023-10444-y

Annalise M. Perricone, Woo-kyoung Ahn

引用次数: 0

Believing in Change Matters! The Role of Emotion Malleability Beliefs in Emotion Regulation and Paranoid Ideation 相信改变很重要!情绪可塑性信念在情绪调节和偏执观念中的作用

3区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Cognitive Therapy and Research

Pub Date : 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-023-10443-z

Katrin Bahlinger, Annika Clamor, Tania M. Lincoln

Abstract Purpose Beliefs that emotions can be changed (i.e., malleability beliefs) are relevant to emotion regulation. Emotion regulation plays a crucial role in severe mental health symptoms, such as paranoid delusions, but it remains unknown to which extent malleability beliefs contribute to a dysfunctional pattern of emotion regulation in individuals experiencing paranoid ideation. Therefore, we investigated whether malleability beliefs are associated with paranoid ideation and whether emotion regulation accounts for this association. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional assessment in a sample of individuals with psychotic disorders ( n = 50) and a community sample ( n = 218) and collected self-report data on malleability beliefs, the use of emotion regulation strategies (reappraisal, acceptance, rumination, expressive suppression, experience suppression), and paranoid ideation. Results Multivariate regressions showed that greater beliefs that emotions are malleable predicted more reappraisal and acceptance in both samples and less rumination in the community sample. Malleability beliefs did not predict the strategies of suppressing an emotion or its expression. In the community sample, but not in the clinical sample, greater beliefs that emotions are malleable were associated with less frequent paranoid ideation and emotion regulation accounted for significant variance in the relationship. Conclusions The findings indicate that malleability beliefs do not contribute to paranoid delusions in individuals with psychotic disorders. However, in individuals with subclinical paranoid ideation, a failure to perceive emotions as malleable could hinder adaptive attempts to regulate emotions leading to increased negative affect and thereby pave the way for paranoid ideation. Malleability beliefs may thus represent a promising target for prevention.

情绪可改变信念(即可塑性信念)与情绪调节有关。情绪调节在严重的心理健康症状(如偏执妄想)中起着至关重要的作用，但在经历偏执妄想的个体中，可塑性信念在多大程度上导致了情绪调节的功能失调模式尚不清楚。因此，我们调查了可塑性信念是否与偏执观念有关，以及情绪调节是否解释了这种联系。方法对精神障碍患者(50例)和社区样本(218例)进行横断面评估，收集自我报告的可塑性信念、情绪调节策略(重新评价、接受、反刍、表达抑制、经验抑制)和偏执观念的使用数据。结果多变量回归表明，相信情绪具有可塑性的人在两类样本中都有更多的重新评价和接受，而在社区样本中则有更少的反思。可塑性信念并不能预测抑制情绪或表达情绪的策略。在社区样本中，而不是在临床样本中，更大的信念是情绪是可可塑性的，与更少的偏执观念和情绪调节有关，这在关系中占了显著的差异。结论研究结果表明，可塑性信念与精神病患者的偏执妄想无关。然而，在患有亚临床偏执妄想的个体中，未能将情绪视为可塑造的可能会阻碍调节情绪的适应性尝试，从而导致负面影响的增加，从而为偏执妄想铺平道路。因此，可塑性信念可能是预防的一个有希望的目标。

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引用次数: 0

Efficacy of a Virtual Reality Intervention for Reducing Anxiety, Depression, and Increasing Disease Coping in Patients with Breast Cancer Before Their First Chemotherapy Dose 虚拟现实干预在乳腺癌患者首次化疗前减少焦虑、抑郁和增加疾病应对的疗效

3区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Cognitive Therapy and Research

Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-023-10440-2

Ariadna Torres García, César Morcillo Serra, Marta Argilés Huguet, Laura González Gardó, Albert Abad Esteve, Josep Antoni Ramos Quiroga

引用次数: 0

Body, Breath, and Mind: Feasibility of an Internet Intervention for Depressive Symptoms Combining Qi Gong and Behavioral Activation 身、气、心:气功与行为激活相结合的网络干预抑郁症状的可行性

3区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Cognitive Therapy and Research

Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-023-10441-1

Johannes Michalak, Tobias Puntke, Leonie Trimpop, Annette Bohn, Estelle Schell, Hannah Reichert, Kerstin Senker, Thomas Heidenreich

Abstract Background Research has consistently shown that the motor system and emotional processes are interrelated in non-clinical as well as in clinical populations. Therefore, the body might be a promising target for the treatment of depression. Based on these notions, we developed Body, Breath and Mind (BBM) a minimally monitored online intervention combining body orientated Qi Gong practice with elements of behavioral activation (BA). This study aims to assess the feasibility of BBM. Methods One hundred and ten adults showing at least moderate levels of depression were recruited and a single group pre-/post-test design was used. BBM consists of eight modules including Qi Gong as well as BA homework practice. Instructions for Qi Gong practice were given via video. Feasibility outcome measures included treatment adherence, preliminary effectiveness, satisfaction and practice time. Primary outcome measure was the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) assessing depressive symptoms. Results We found significant reduction of depressive symptoms with a large effect size ( d AV = – 1.82) and participants were satisfied with Qi Gong and BA elements as well as with the entire program. Thirty-four participants (31%) completed all eight modules. Conclusions The findings suggest that it would be feasible to proceed to a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the potential of BBM, a program combining body-oriented and BA elements.

研究一致表明，无论是在临床人群还是在非临床人群中，运动系统和情绪过程都是相互关联的。因此，身体可能是治疗抑郁症的一个有希望的目标。基于这些概念，我们开发了身体、呼吸和心灵(BBM)，这是一种最低限度监控的在线干预，结合了以身体为导向的气功练习和行为激活(BA)元素。本研究旨在评估BBM的可行性。方法采用单组前/后测试设计，招募110名中度以上抑郁的成年人。BBM由气功、BA作业实践等八个模块组成。气功练习的指导是通过视频给出的。可行性观察指标包括治疗依从性、初步疗效、满意度和练习时间。主要结果测量是患者健康问卷-9 (PHQ-9)评估抑郁症状。结果我们发现抑郁症状明显减轻，且效应量大(d AV = - 1.82)，参与者对气功和BA元素以及整个方案感到满意。34名参与者(31%)完成了所有8个模块。结论本研究结果表明，开展一项随机对照试验来评估BBM的潜力是可行的，BBM是一项结合身体导向和BA元素的计划。

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