Journal of Economic Psychology最新文献

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How do humans respond to large realized losses?

IF 2.5 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2025.102805

Redzo Mujcic , Nattavudh Powdthavee

In a controlled field setting, in which the majority of people in our sample lose more than £90,000, we examine how human beings respond to major financial losses. University ethics boards would not allow this kind of huge-loss phenomenon to be studied with normal social-science experiments. Yet the scientific and practical issues at stake are unusually important ones. In the analyzed gameshow setting, individuals are handed £100,000 in cash. They then have to make risky decisions. Facing a sequence of seven questions, individuals are required to distribute their cash endowment over a set of possible answers. Participants lose any cash placed on a wrong answer. In a sample of British participants, we find that people become increasingly more cautious as they lose more of their cash endowment. A realized prior loss of £75,000 or more increases the propensity to fully diversify by 50 percentage points compared to a prior loss of £25,000. We find a similar cautious response in a smaller sample of US participants when the stakes are raised to $1 million US dollars. Our study appears to be the first to be able to calculate systematically how human beings react to large and unrecoverable financial losses.

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引用次数: 0

Loss aversion is not robust: A re-meta-analysis

IF 2.5 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2025.102801

Eldad Yechiam, Dana Zeif

There is an ongoing debate in the literature about the existence and boundary conditions of loss aversion. In a recent paper Brown et al. (2024) meta-analyzed the literature on empirical estimates of loss aversion, spanning thirty years, and reported strong loss aversion across studies. Here, we re-meta-analyzed their dataset, dividing studies into those with asymmetric gains and losses (typically smaller losses than gains) versus symmetric gains and losses, and studies where the presentation of gains or losses was ordered by size compared to those with no ordering. This analysis was possible for 84 papers (163 estimates of loss aversion, n = 149,218). The results showed that while the findings of strong loss aversion are replicated when losses are smaller than gains and when gains and losses are presented in an ordered fashion, for studies with symmetric gains and losses and no ordering of items, the loss aversion parameter was approximately 1.07 and not significantly above 1.0, suggesting similar weighting of gains and losses. This casts considerable doubts on the robustness of loss aversion.

引用次数: 0

Identified disclosure to increase Consumers’ detection of native advertising

IF 2.5 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2025.102800

Dalia Shilian , Eyal Pe'er

Native advertising of online content, such as articles embedded within news websites, is a covert attempt by marketers to influence consumers’ attitudes and behavior. Despite attempts to regulate and mandate disclosure for native ads, studies repeatedly find that consumers continue to fail to detect native and disguised ads even when they include various disclosure labels. We argue that the failure of these disclosures stems from consumers becoming so habituated to these notices that they do not recognize or use them effectively. We propose and test a form of “smart disclosure” for native ads requiring explicit identification of the name of the company or marketing agent paying for the non-original content. In two online experiments, we show how identified disclosures significantly and consistently increase detection of native ads rates compared to no disclosures or generic disclosures. We discuss important implications arising from using smart disclosures for native ads in particular and consumer protection in general.

引用次数: 0

Shaping societal norms: Experimental evidence on the normative impact of free speech law

IF 2.5 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2025.102799

Daniel L. Chen , Susan Yeh

Do laws shape values? We explore this question by testing a model of law and norms within a legal realm − U.S. obscenity laws − where economic incentives are not the primary drivers of social change. Our randomized experiment had data entry workers transcribe news reports of either progressive or conservative legal decisions. This design allowed us to observe the impact of these laws on attitudes and norms. We found that exposure to progressive legal decisions resulted in the liberalization of sexual attitudes and a shift in norm perceptions, though not in self-reported behavior. These findings underscore the expressive power of law, with significant implications for decision-making in social and political settings, as well as for the empirical predictions of theoretical models within these domains.

引用次数: 0

Purely hedonic image concerns and audience size: Evidence from a charity dictator game

IF 2.5 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2025.102798

Sem Manna , Alessandro Stringhi

We study whether image preferences in isolation from strategic considerations, namely purely hedonic image concerns, can motivate prosocial behavior and whether this audience effect is mediated by the number of observers. Answers to related questions from the extant experimental literature are often mixed or influenced by multiple mechanisms evoked by the context at hand or design employed. We employ an experiment involving a dictator game with a charity receiver and a binary choice with unambiguous social valence. Choices are observed by an anonymous, passive, and external audience whose size varies across treatments. Our simple experimental design allows us to isolate purely hedonic image concerns about appearing altruistic from strategic considerations and other confounding features of alternative designs. We find that donations rise by 10.2 percentage points on average when audiences are present, with every observer increasing the probability of donating by an estimated 2.12 percentage points. We provide evidence that the size of the audience also matters.

引用次数: 0

Nudging: An experiment on transparency, accounting for reactance and response time

IF 2.5 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2025.102797

Tobias Schütze , Carsten Spitzer , Philipp C. Wichardt

Is being informed about a nudge detrimental to its effect? This paper reports results from an experimental online study testing the effects of transparency on the effectiveness of a default nudge while accounting for psychological reactance and response time. Overall and in line with earlier studies, we find no negative effect of transparency on average behaviour. Adding to the previous discussion, we find that effects of transparency differ depending on response time. In particular, decision makers with longer response time in fact react more positively (keeping the default) if nudging is made transparent. Moreover, the data show an interaction of reactance and response time in that more reactant subjects with longer response time leave the default more often. Thus, a positive effect of transparency as well as a negative impact of reactance can be established in the data if response time is accounted for.

引用次数: 0

Does future time reference framing increase temporal discounting? Evidence from English monolinguals

IF 2.5 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2025.102796

Josie I. Chen , Yue Han , Tai-Sen He

Despite growing support for the linguistic-savings hypothesis (LSH), direct causal evidence remains limited. Recent research has investigated whether future time reference framing affects intertemporal decision-making, particularly in languages with weak future-time-reference (w-FTR) distinctions, though these studies have largely yielded null results. One critique of these null results is that speakers of w-FTR languages may be insensitive to the subtle language framing intended to prime distinctions between present and future, unlike speakers of strong future-time-reference (s-FTR) languages. To address this gap, the present study re-examines the framing effect within English, an s-FTR language, using a sample of nearly 600 monolingual participants. Consistent with previous findings, the results provide no evidence supporting the LSH in the context of future time reference framing.

引用次数: 0

Visceral influences and gender difference in competitiveness

IF 2.5 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2024.102788

Jingcheng Fu , Songfa Zhong

Building upon the much-celebrated sex-specific hypothesis regarding visceral responses, we explore the potential impact of visceral responses on the well-replicated gender difference in competitiveness. In the first experiment, we document that exposure to the piece-rate and tournament tasks leads to an arousal of sex hormones among men, while women do not experience a similar response. This arousal is positively associated with competitiveness. In the second experiment, we observe that the gender gap in competitiveness is reduced by introducing a resting period. Our results contribute to the literature on gender differences in the willingness to compete and suggest that mitigating visceral influences is beneficial for promoting gender equality.

引用次数: 0

Stochastic choice and imperfect judgments of line lengths: What is hiding in the noise?

IF 2.5 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2024.102787

Sean Duffy , John Smith

Noise is a pervasive feature of economic choice. However, standard economics experiments are not well equipped to study the noise because experiments are constrained: preferences are often either unknown or only imperfectly measured by experimenters. As a result of these designs – where the optimal choice is not observable to the analyst – many important questions about the noise in apparently random choice cannot be addressed. There is a long tradition in psychology of studying settings where subjects make choices about objectively measurable, but imperfectly perceived objects. We simply supplement this design with material incentives in a way that resembles economic choice. In our design, subjects make incentivized binary choices between lines and are paid a function of the length of the selected line. We find a gradual (not sudden) relationship between the difference in the lengths of the lines and the optimal choice. Our analysis suggests that the errors are better described as having a Gumbel distribution rather than a normal distribution, and our simulated data increase our confidence in this inference. We find evidence that suboptimal choices are associated with longer response times than optimal choices.

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引用次数: 0

From strong exceptions to parameter spaces: A précis to the special issue on meta-analyses in economic psychology

IF 2.5 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2024.102784

Eldad Yechiam

Meta-analysis is a valuable tool for synthesizing empirical findings across studies, particularly in light of weak or contradicting findings. However, applying meta-analysis in economic psychology and behavioral economics presents unique challenges, partly due to the fact that these two disciplines have originated from studies demonstrating strong contradictions to rationality and rationality-based models. The counter-examples themselves are often reliable when using the original study parameters (e.g., same payoff structure as those of the original studies). However, in meta-analyses seeking to broaden the breadth across different parameters, the presence of a plethora of studies using the same or similar parameters, may lead to an implicit selection bias that is difficult to characterize and control for. This article discusses this challenge and potential solutions and presents the articles in the special issue on meta-analyses in economic psychology.

引用次数: 0

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