Journal of Economic Psychology最新文献

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Investigating the empirical validity of salience theory: The role of display format effects 探究显著性理论的实证有效性：显示格式效应的作用

IF 2.3 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2025.102844

Christoph Ostermair

The salience theory of choice under risk predicts that the correlation between lotteries will affect subjects’ preferences. We conduct two online experiments to challenge this perception. In our first experiment, we show that recent prominent experimental findings in support of salience-predicted correlation effects were driven by changes in the display format rather than the salience of payoffs: (i) salience effects vanish when controlling for simultaneous changes in the display format when varying the correlation structure; (ii) choice patterns previously attributed to the salience mechanism can be induced by keeping the correlation structure constant and simply varying the display format. In our second experiment, we find that, in a contest between display format and salience effects, the former are quantitatively more important than the latter. In a setup allowing the investigation of correlation effects in the absence of confounding changes in the display format, we are unable to detect significant salience-predicted correlation effects.

风险下选择的显著性理论预测，彩票之间的相关性将影响受试者的偏好。我们进行了两个在线实验来挑战这种看法。在我们的第一个实验中，我们发现最近支持显著性预测相关效应的重要实验结果是由显示格式的变化而不是回报的显著性驱动的：(i)当改变相关结构时，控制显示格式的同时变化时，显著性效应消失；（ii）通过保持关联结构不变和简单改变显示格式，可以诱导先前归因于显著性机制的选择模式。在我们的第二个实验中，我们发现，在显示格式和显著性效果之间的竞争中，前者在数量上比后者更重要。在允许在没有显示格式混淆变化的情况下调查相关效应的设置中，我们无法检测到显著性预测的相关效应。

引用次数: 0

Multidimensional tax compliance attitude 多维税务合规态度

IF 2.3 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2025.102848

Christoffer Bruns , Martin Fochmann , Peter N.C. Mohr , Benno Torgler

This paper theorizes that individuals’ tax compliance attitudes are characterized not only by interpersonal heterogeneity but also by intrapersonal heterogeneity. Utilizing three online surveys, we develop a multidimensional taxpayer typology based on factor and cluster analysis. Our findings underscore that taxpayers can be classified into two categories: (a) moralists and (b) rationalists. Notably, rationalists consistently exhibit lower tax compliance levels than their moralist counterparts. We introduce a questionnaire labeled the Tax Compliance Attitude Inventory (TCAI) alongside a classification algorithm. These tools enable users to categorize individuals in any dataset, applying the TCAI, as moralists and rationalists. The heterogeneity in taxpayer attitudes can primarily be attributed to differences in four key factors: (i) morale, (ii) monetary benefit, (iii) deterrence, and (iv) authority. Lastly, to demonstrate the practical application of our findings, we present an online experiment that tests our results using incentivized and out-of-sample data. Overall, this work provides an instrument for assessing taxpayer attitudes, predicting individuals’ tax compliance intentions, and personalizing behavioral interventions.

本文认为，个体的纳税态度不仅具有人际异质性，而且具有内部异质性。利用三个在线调查，我们基于因子和聚类分析开发了一个多维纳税人类型。我们的研究结果强调，纳税人可以分为两类：(a)道德家和(b)理性主义者。值得注意的是，理性主义者始终比道德主义者表现出更低的纳税依从水平。我们介绍了一个调查问卷标记税务合规态度清单（TCAI）与分类算法。这些工具使用户能够将任何数据集中的个人分类，应用TCAI，作为道德家和理性主义者。纳税人态度的异质性主要可以归因于四个关键因素的差异：(i)士气，（ii）货币利益，（iii）威慑和（iv）权威。最后，为了证明我们的发现的实际应用，我们提出了一个在线实验，使用激励和样本外数据来测试我们的结果。总的来说，这项工作为评估纳税人的态度、预测个人的纳税合规意愿和个性化行为干预提供了一种工具。

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引用次数: 0

Overconfidence and preferences for gun use: Evidence from six countries in the Americas 过度自信和枪支使用偏好：来自美洲六个国家的证据

IF 2.3 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2025.102833

Fernando G. Cafferata , Patricio Dominguez , Carlos Scartascini

Overconfidence leads to risky behavior, including when people are around guns. Can overconfidence also be associated with attitudes about gun ownership and use? We evaluate this possibility by conducting nationally representative surveys in six countries in the Americas, including the United States. Results show that overconfident individuals are more willing to accept the use of guns and more likely to declare their willingness to use guns. These results indicate that overconfidence is a significant behavioral trait correlated with attitudes toward weapons handling, carrying, and use. Efforts to correct the biases of individuals confronted with making decisions about guns should be considered, especially in regulatory contexts.

过度自信会导致危险行为，包括当人们在枪支周围时。过度自信是否也与持有和使用枪支的态度有关？我们通过在包括美国在内的六个美洲国家进行具有全国代表性的调查来评估这种可能性。结果显示，过度自信的人更愿意接受使用枪支，也更有可能宣布他们愿意使用枪支。这些结果表明，过度自信是与武器操作、携带和使用态度相关的重要行为特征。应该考虑纠正个人在枪支问题上的偏见，尤其是在监管背景下。

引用次数: 0

The impact of language on decision-making: Auction winners are less cursed in a foreign language 语言对决策的影响：拍卖中标者较少受到外语的诅咒

IF 2.3 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2025.102845

Fang Fu , Leigh H. Grant , Ali Hortaçsu , Boaz Keysar , Jidong Yang , Karen J. Ye

As foreign language use becomes more commonplace in the globalized market, we ask whether using a foreign language systematically impacts financial decisions. We conducted a lab experiment in Beijing, China, with 357 native Mandarin Chinese speakers who know English as a foreign language. We ran a series of sealed-bid, common value auctions, where winning bidders often pay more than the object is worth and hence suffer from the “winner’s curse.” Here we show that using a foreign language reduces the winner’s curse, as winning bidders were less likely to overbid for the object. When using a native tongue, bidders adopted a naïve strategy, while with a foreign language they got closer to the Nash equilibrium bid. However, as bidders received feedback on others’ bidding behavior across consecutive auctions, bidding across the language treatments converged to the naïve bid. These results suggest that the language through which individuals make bidding decisions can have influential effects on financial decision making in market settings.

随着外语的使用在全球化市场中变得越来越普遍，我们想知道使用外语是否会系统性地影响财务决策。我们在中国北京进行了一项实验室实验，实验对象是357名母语为普通话、英语为外语的人。我们进行了一系列密封出价、共同价值拍卖，中标者支付的价格往往高于物品的价值，因此遭受“赢家的诅咒”。在这里，我们表明，使用外语可以减少赢家的诅咒，因为中标者不太可能对该物品出价过高。当使用母语时，竞标者采用naïve策略，而使用外语时，他们更接近纳什均衡出价。然而，由于竞标者在连续的拍卖中收到了对其他竞标者竞价行为的反馈，不同语言的竞标者的竞价最终趋向于naïve。这些结果表明，在市场环境下，个体进行投标决策时使用的语言对财务决策有影响。

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引用次数: 0

IF 2.3 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2025.102846

Marina Bianchi

引用次数: 0

Trust, risk, and institutions: experimental evidence from a community of firms in Kenya 信任、风险和制度：来自肯尼亚企业社区的实验证据

IF 2.3 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-08-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2025.102834

Maria Porter , Ahmed Salim Nuhu , Eduardo Nakasone , Mywish K. Maredia

We study whether personal relationships amongst firms can foster trust as a mechanism to overcome challenging business environments. In partnership with a community of small- and medium-scale enterprises in Kenya, we implemented trust games in a framed field experiment. Our main finding is that outside enforcement of exchanges most effectively increases amounts sent to recipients. A secondary finding is that active members of the business association may be more trusting of fellow members when identities are to be revealed compared to when decisions remain anonymous. Our findings suggest that while association-based networking can perhaps partially offset an adverse business environment, in trust-related decision-making, such informal mechanisms do not fully compensate for lack of outside enforcement that can result from weak institutions.

我们研究公司之间的人际关系是否可以促进信任作为一种克服具有挑战性的商业环境的机制。我们与肯尼亚的一个中小型企业社区合作，在一个有框架的实地实验中实施了信任游戏。我们的主要发现是，交易所的外部强制执行最有效地增加了寄给收款人的金额。第二个发现是，与匿名决策相比，当身份被披露时，商业协会的活跃成员可能更信任其他成员。我们的研究结果表明，虽然基于关联的网络可能会部分抵消不利的商业环境，但在与信任相关的决策中，这种非正式机制并不能完全补偿制度薄弱导致的外部强制措施的缺乏。

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Shaping societal norms: Experimental evidence on the normative impact of free speech law” [J. Econ. Psychol. 107 (2025) 102799] “塑造社会规范：言论自由法律规范影响的实验证据”[J]。经济学。精神科，107 (2025)102799]

IF 2.3 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2025.102827

Daniel L. Chen

引用次数: 0

Temperatures and trust: Survey evidence on the role of climate in shaping trust in people and institutions 温度与信任：关于气候在塑造对人和机构的信任中的作用的调查证据

IF 2.3 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2025.102831

Karin Hansson , Alexander Popov

Using survey data from 22,964 individuals across 298 regions in 27 countries in Europe and Central Asia, we show that within a country, individuals who experienced lower temperatures when growing up exhibit lower trust in people. Such individuals also have reduced level of trust for domestic political and non-political institutions like the president, parliament, national and local governments, political parties, courts, banks, and the church. Our evidence is less consistent with economic theories that suggest that harsh climatic conditions promote trust via the need to cooperate with strangers. Instead, it aligns more closely with neuroscientific and social psychology theories which posit that physical warmth promotes interpersonal trust and a sense of belonging.

通过对欧洲和中亚27个国家298个地区的22,964人的调查数据，我们发现，在一个国家内，成长过程中经历过较低温度的人对他人的信任度较低。这些人对总统、议会、国家和地方政府、政党、法院、银行和教会等国内政治和非政治机构的信任程度也有所降低。我们的证据与经济学理论不太一致，经济学理论认为，恶劣的气候条件通过与陌生人合作的需要来促进信任。相反，它更符合神经科学和社会心理学理论，这些理论认为身体的温暖促进了人际信任和归属感。

引用次数: 0

Evaluation mode affects choice of healthy and unhealthy Food: The role of taste and healthiness attribute evaluability 评价模式影响健康与不健康食品的选择：口味和健康属性可评价性的作用

IF 2.5 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2025.102832

Sadaf Mokarram-Dorri , Siegfried Dewitte

Understanding the determinants of healthy and unhealthy food choices is paramount to improving public health. This paper zooms in on the role of evaluation mode (i.e., separate versus joint evaluation) in consumers’ food choices. A series of four studies in the paper and four studies in the online appendix (N = 2024) investigate the effect of evaluation mode on the choice share of healthy and unhealthy foods. In line with earlier work in various domains, the results demonstrate that joint evaluation of healthy and unhealthy food options improves consumers’ decision-making by decreasing (increasing) the choice share of unhealthy (healthy) food, compared to the separate evaluation mode. We show that this relies on the simple fact that the healthiness attribute is difficult to judge in isolation, certainly in comparison with the taste attribute. Indeed, when healthiness becomes easier to evaluate, unhealthy choices become more frequent in the joint evaluation mode as well. The studies are set up to allow us to distinguish the evaluability account from the justification and the goal-highlighting accounts. The theoretical contributions, the methodological implications for the self-control literature, and the managerial implications are discussed.

了解健康和不健康食物选择的决定因素对改善公众健康至关重要。本文聚焦于评价模式（即单独评价与联合评价）在消费者食品选择中的作用。本文中的四项系列研究和在线附录中的四项研究（N = 2024）考察了评价模式对健康和不健康食品选择份额的影响。与各个领域的早期工作一致，结果表明，与单独评估模式相比，健康和不健康食品选择的联合评估通过减少（增加）不健康（健康）食品的选择份额来改善消费者的决策。我们表明，这依赖于一个简单的事实，即健康属性很难单独判断，当然与味道属性相比。事实上，当健康变得更容易评估时，不健康的选择在联合评估模式中也变得更加频繁。这些研究的建立是为了让我们区分可评估性账户与正当性账户和目标突出账户。本文讨论了自我控制文献的理论贡献、方法论意义和管理意义。

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引用次数: 0

IF 2.5 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-07-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2025.102829

Praveen Kujal

引用次数: 0

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