Journal of Economic Psychology最新文献

英文中文

Evaluation mode affects choice of healthy and unhealthy Food: The role of taste and healthiness attribute evaluability 评价模式影响健康与不健康食品的选择：口味和健康属性可评价性的作用

IF 2.5 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2025.102832

Sadaf Mokarram-Dorri , Siegfried Dewitte

Understanding the determinants of healthy and unhealthy food choices is paramount to improving public health. This paper zooms in on the role of evaluation mode (i.e., separate versus joint evaluation) in consumers’ food choices. A series of four studies in the paper and four studies in the online appendix (N = 2024) investigate the effect of evaluation mode on the choice share of healthy and unhealthy foods. In line with earlier work in various domains, the results demonstrate that joint evaluation of healthy and unhealthy food options improves consumers’ decision-making by decreasing (increasing) the choice share of unhealthy (healthy) food, compared to the separate evaluation mode. We show that this relies on the simple fact that the healthiness attribute is difficult to judge in isolation, certainly in comparison with the taste attribute. Indeed, when healthiness becomes easier to evaluate, unhealthy choices become more frequent in the joint evaluation mode as well. The studies are set up to allow us to distinguish the evaluability account from the justification and the goal-highlighting accounts. The theoretical contributions, the methodological implications for the self-control literature, and the managerial implications are discussed.

了解健康和不健康食物选择的决定因素对改善公众健康至关重要。本文聚焦于评价模式（即单独评价与联合评价）在消费者食品选择中的作用。本文中的四项系列研究和在线附录中的四项研究（N = 2024）考察了评价模式对健康和不健康食品选择份额的影响。与各个领域的早期工作一致，结果表明，与单独评估模式相比，健康和不健康食品选择的联合评估通过减少（增加）不健康（健康）食品的选择份额来改善消费者的决策。我们表明，这依赖于一个简单的事实，即健康属性很难单独判断，当然与味道属性相比。事实上，当健康变得更容易评估时，不健康的选择在联合评估模式中也变得更加频繁。这些研究的建立是为了让我们区分可评估性账户与正当性账户和目标突出账户。本文讨论了自我控制文献的理论贡献、方法论意义和管理意义。

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引用次数: 0

IF 2.5 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-07-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2025.102829

Praveen Kujal

引用次数: 0

Heuristic centred-belief players 启发式中心信念玩家

IF 2.5 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2025.102806

Irenaeus Wolff

Strategic behaviour often diverges from Nash-equilibrium, in particular in inexperienced play. Studying a class of games in which participants choose their payment and receive it as long as their opponent chooses a different amount, I show that none of the popular models of behavioural game theory predicts the predominant aggregate choice pattern consistently. And yet, noisy introspection (Goeree and Holt, 2004) readily accounts for about half of the individual observations. The reason for the apparent paradox and the mis-match of the aggregate data and the models is a disregarded behavioural type that makes up about 25% of the population. These 25% display a specific form of central-tendency bias, holding beliefs that peak in the centre of the option set and that are roughly symmetric. In addition, the players show a more heuristic process translating their belief into actions, as their choices cannot be explained readily by quantal responding. The behavioural pattern of a ‘centred belief’ in connection with boundedly-rational decision-making is present also in another prominent game from the literature on behavioural game theory, the 11–20 game. Finally, I show that classifying players as ‘heuristic centred-belief types’ by one game’s beliefs has predictive power for behaviour in the other game.

战略行为往往偏离纳什均衡，尤其是在缺乏经验的游戏中。我研究了一类游戏，在这些游戏中，参与者选择自己的支付，只要对手选择不同的金额，他们就会得到支付。我发现，没有一种流行的行为博弈论模型能够始终如一地预测主导的总选择模式。然而，嘈杂的内省（Goeree And Holt, 2004）很容易占到个人观察的一半左右。总体数据和模型之间明显的矛盾和不匹配的原因是一种被忽视的行为类型，这种行为类型约占人口的25%。这25%的人表现出一种特定形式的集中倾向偏差，他们持有的信念在选项集的中心达到顶峰，并且大致对称。此外，玩家表现出更多的启发式过程，将他们的信念转化为行动，因为他们的选择无法通过量子反应轻易解释。与有限理性决策相关的“中心信念”的行为模式也出现在行为博弈论文献中的另一个著名博弈中，即11-20博弈。最后，我指出，根据一款游戏的信念将玩家划分为“启发式中心信念类型”，对另一款游戏的行为具有预测能力。

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引用次数: 0

No evidence of first-mover advantage in a large sample of penalty shootouts 在大量的点球大战样本中，没有证据表明先发优势存在

IF 2.5 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2025.102816

David Pipke

Conflicting evidence exists regarding a first-mover advantage in soccer shootouts, where increased pressure on second-moving teams may lead to choking. While some studies support this claim, others refute it, with the lack of consensus likely due to limited sample sizes. An analysis of around 7,000 soccer penalty shootouts and 74,000 kicks finds no evidence of a first- or second-mover advantage in winning probability. Equivalence testing further rejects any deviation greater than 1.8 percentage points from a 50% win probability for first-kicking teams. A parallel analysis of ice hockey shootouts finds no significant advantage or disadvantage for either the first- or second-moving team.

关于足球枪战中的先发优势，存在着相互矛盾的证据，在这种情况下，对后发球队的压力增加可能会导致窒息。虽然一些研究支持这一说法，但也有一些研究反驳了这一说法，由于样本量有限，可能缺乏共识。一项对约7000场足球点球大战和74000次射门的分析发现，没有证据表明在获胜概率上存在先发优势或后发优势。等效性测试进一步排除了首踢球队50%胜率的任何大于1.8个百分点的偏差。一项对冰球枪战的平行分析发现，对第一支或第二支球队都没有明显的优势或劣势。

引用次数: 0

Card or dice? An improved experimental approach to measure dishonesty 牌还是骰子？一种改进的测量不诚实的实验方法

IF 2.5 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2025.102802

Daniel Hermann , Selina Bruns , Oliver Mußhoff

We introduce a modified die-roll experiment carried out in Germany and Cambodia to measure precise dishonesty rates, while the individual lie is not observable to the experimenter. Participants draw an envelope from a box containing many envelopes. Each envelope contains a card depicting a die number, which participants view in private and then deposit into a different box filled with many envelopes. The payoff of participants depends on the reported number, thereby creating an incentive to dishonestly report numbers with higher payoffs. Although the individual lie remains hidden from the experimenter, the drawn distribution of cards by a group of participants is known. Results of the modified experiment are compared to the classical die-roll task, in which individual dishonesty is private information and the outcome distribution is assumed, based on a probability function. The comparison reveals that the modified card method shows comparable levels of lying to the classical die-roll task among students, but not among smallholders in rural Cambodia. Considering the farmers, the number of liars is lower in the card task compared to the die-roll task. Although the individual lie is not observable, we find partially different dishonesty proportions between numbers comparing the two tasks. This suggests that the observability of the drawn distribution affects the costs of lying.

我们介绍了在德国和柬埔寨进行的一项改进的模滚实验，以测量精确的不诚实率，而实验者无法观察到个人的谎言。参与者从装有许多信封的盒子中抽出一个信封。每个信封里都有一张卡片，上面写着一个骰子号码，参与者私下查看，然后把卡片存入一个装满许多信封的盒子里。参与者的回报取决于报告的数字，从而产生了不诚实地报告更高回报的数字的动机。虽然个人的谎言对实验者来说是隐藏的，但是一组参与者抽到的卡片的分布是已知的。将改进后的实验结果与经典的掷骰子任务进行了比较，经典掷骰子任务中，个体不诚实是私有信息，并且假设结果分布基于概率函数。比较表明，改进的卡片方法在学生中显示出与传统的掷骰子任务相当的谎言水平，但在柬埔寨农村的小农中却没有。考虑到农民，与掷骰子任务相比，卡片任务中的说谎者数量更少。虽然个人的谎言是不可观察到的，但我们发现比较两个任务的数字之间的不诚实比例部分不同。这表明，绘制的分布的可观察性会影响说谎的代价。

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引用次数: 0

ChatGPT and the labor market: Unraveling the effect of AI discussions on students’ earning expectations 聊天技术和劳动力市场：揭示人工智能讨论对学生收入预期的影响

IF 2.5 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2025.102803

Samir Huseynov

This paper investigates the causal impact of optimistic and pessimistic ChatGPT Artificial Intelligence (AI) discussions on US students’ anticipated labor market outcomes. Our findings reveal students reduce their confidence regarding their future earning prospects after exposure to AI debates, and this effect is more pronounced after reading discussion excerpts with a pessimistic tone. Unlike STEM majors, students in Non-STEM fields show asymmetric and pessimistic belief changes, suggesting that they might feel more vulnerable to emerging AI technologies. Pessimistic belief updates regarding future earnings are also prevalent among non-male students, indicating widespread AI concerns among vulnerable student subgroups. Educators, administrators, and policymakers may regularly engage with students to address their concerns and enhance educational curricula to better prepare them for a future that AI will inevitably shape.

本文研究了乐观和悲观的ChatGPT人工智能（AI）讨论对美国学生预期劳动力市场结果的因果影响。我们的研究结果显示，学生在接触人工智能辩论后，对未来收入前景的信心会降低，而在阅读悲观基调的讨论节选后，这种影响更为明显。与STEM专业不同，非STEM专业的学生表现出不对称和悲观的信念变化，这表明他们可能更容易受到新兴人工智能技术的影响。对未来收入的悲观看法在非男生中也很普遍，这表明弱势学生群体普遍担心人工智能。教育工作者、管理人员和政策制定者可能会定期与学生接触，解决他们的担忧，并加强教育课程，以更好地为人工智能不可避免地塑造的未来做好准备。

引用次数: 0

Do managers accept artificial intelligence? Insights into the role of business area and AI functionality 管理者接受人工智能吗？洞察业务领域和人工智能功能的作用

IF 2.5 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2025.102804

Miriam Gieselmann , Daniel Erdsiek , Vincent Rost , Kai Sassenberg

More and more companies use artificial intelligence (AI). Research aimed to understand acceptance from the perspective of AI users or people affected by AI decisions. However, the perspective of decision-makers in companies (i.e., managers) has not been considered. To address this gap, we investigate managers’ acceptance of AI usage in companies, focusing on two potential determinants. Across four experimental studies (N_total = 2025), we tested whether the business area (i.e., human resources vs. finances/ marketing) and AI functionality affect managers’ acceptance of AI (i.e., perceived risk of negative consequences, willingness to invest). Findings indicate that managers (a) perceive more risk of and (b) are less willing to invest in AI usage in human resources than in finances and marketing. Besides, the results suggest that acceptance declines if functionality crosses a critical boundary and AI autonomously implements decisions without prior human control. Accordingly, the current research sheds light on the AI acceptance of managers and gives insights into the role of the business area and AI functionality.

越来越多的公司使用人工智能（AI）。研究旨在从人工智能用户或受人工智能决策影响的人的角度来理解接受程度。然而，公司决策者（即管理人员）的观点并没有被考虑。为了解决这一差距，我们调查了管理者对公司使用人工智能的接受程度，重点关注了两个潜在的决定因素。在四项实验研究中（Ntotal = 2025），我们测试了业务领域（即人力资源与财务/营销）和人工智能功能是否会影响管理者对人工智能的接受程度（即感知到的负面后果风险、投资意愿）。研究结果表明，管理者(a)认为人工智能在人力资源方面的风险更大，(b)在财务和营销方面投资人工智能的意愿更低。此外，研究结果表明，如果功能跨越一个关键边界，人工智能在没有事先人为控制的情况下自主执行决策，接受度就会下降。因此，目前的研究揭示了管理者对人工智能的接受程度，并深入了解了业务领域和人工智能功能的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Performance under pressure and its impact on compensation: Evidence from professional basketball 压力下的表现及其对薪酬的影响：来自职业篮球的证据

IF 2.5 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2025.102807

Helmut M. Dietl , Steffen Q. Mueller , Marco Henriques Pereira , Markus Lang

This paper investigates how performance in high- vs. low-pressure situations affects employee compensation. Leveraging sports as a natural laboratory, we analyze National Basketball Association (NBA) play-by-play data from 2004 to 2017 in combination with seasonal player salaries, using “clutch time”—the closing minutes during a game when the outcome is at stake and performance pressure is at its peak—as an objective criterion of performance pressure. Our regression analysis provides evidence of a salary premium for players who can excel under pressure. Whereas lower-paid players’ performance does not differ much by pressure level, higher-paid players show exceptionally strong performance during critical phases of a game. We demonstrate that the ability to excel under pressure is greatly valued in professional basketball, raising the question of whether this ability is compensated not only in other sports but also in other sectors of the labor market.

本文研究了高压与低压环境下的绩效对员工薪酬的影响。利用体育作为天然实验室，我们结合赛季球员工资分析了2004年至2017年的NBA比赛数据，并使用“关键时刻”（比赛结果岌岌可危，表现压力达到顶峰的最后几分钟）作为表现压力的客观标准。我们的回归分析提供了能够在压力下表现出色的球员的工资溢价的证据。尽管低薪玩家的表现不会因压力水平而有太大差异，但高薪玩家在游戏的关键阶段却会表现出异常强劲的表现。我们证明，在压力下表现出色的能力在职业篮球中非常受重视，这就提出了一个问题，即这种能力是否不仅在其他运动中得到了补偿，而且在劳动力市场的其他领域也得到了补偿。

引用次数: 0

Shaping societal norms: Experimental evidence on the normative impact of free speech law 塑造社会规范：关于言论自由法规范影响的实验证据

IF 2.5 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2025.102799

Daniel L. Chen , Susan Yeh

Do laws shape values? We explore this question by testing a model of law and norms within a legal realm − U.S. obscenity laws − where economic incentives are not the primary drivers of social change. Our randomized experiment had data entry workers transcribe news reports of either progressive or conservative legal decisions. This design allowed us to observe the impact of these laws on attitudes and norms. We found that exposure to progressive legal decisions resulted in the liberalization of sexual attitudes and a shift in norm perceptions, though not in self-reported behavior. These findings underscore the expressive power of law, with significant implications for decision-making in social and political settings, as well as for the empirical predictions of theoretical models within these domains.

法律塑造价值观吗？我们通过测试法律领域内的法律和规范模型来探讨这个问题-美国淫秽法-其中经济激励不是社会变革的主要驱动力。我们的随机实验让数据录入人员抄写有关进步或保守法律决定的新闻报道。这个设计使我们能够观察到这些法律对态度和规范的影响。我们发现，接触进步的法律判决导致了性态度的自由化和规范观念的转变，尽管在自我报告的行为中没有。这些发现强调了法律的表现力，对社会和政治环境中的决策以及这些领域内理论模型的经验预测具有重要意义。

引用次数: 0

Does future time reference framing increase temporal discounting? Evidence from English monolinguals 未来的时间参考框架会增加时间折扣吗？来自英语单语者的证据

IF 2.5 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2025.102796

Josie I. Chen , Yue Han , Tai-Sen He

Despite growing support for the linguistic-savings hypothesis (LSH), direct causal evidence remains limited. Recent research has investigated whether future time reference framing affects intertemporal decision-making, particularly in languages with weak future-time-reference (w-FTR) distinctions, though these studies have largely yielded null results. One critique of these null results is that speakers of w-FTR languages may be insensitive to the subtle language framing intended to prime distinctions between present and future, unlike speakers of strong future-time-reference (s-FTR) languages. To address this gap, the present study re-examines the framing effect within English, an s-FTR language, using a sample of nearly 600 monolingual participants. Consistent with previous findings, the results provide no evidence supporting the LSH in the context of future time reference framing.

尽管越来越多的人支持语言储蓄假说（LSH），但直接的因果证据仍然有限。最近的研究调查了未来时间参考框架是否会影响跨期决策，特别是在未来时间参考（w-FTR）差异较弱的语言中，尽管这些研究在很大程度上没有结果。对这些无效结果的一个批评是，w-FTR语言的使用者可能对旨在区分现在和未来的微妙语言框架不敏感，不像强未来时间参考（s-FTR）语言的使用者。为了解决这一差距，本研究使用近600名单语参与者的样本，重新检查了英语（一种s-FTR语言）中的框架效应。与先前的研究结果一致，结果没有提供证据支持LSH在未来时间参考框架的背景下。

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全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

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