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Drivers of Data Quality in Advertising Research: Differences across MTurk and Professional Panel Samples 广告研究中数据质量的驱动因素:MTurk和专业面板样本的差异
IF 5.7 2区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-08-03 DOI: 10.1080/00913367.2022.2079026
Christopher Berry, J. Kees, Scot Burton
Abstract Crowdsourcing has emerged as a preferred data collection methodology for advertising and social science researchers because these samples avoid the higher costs associated with professional panel data. Yet, there are ongoing concerns about data quality for online sources. This research examines differences in data quality for an advertising experiment across five popular online data sources, including professional panels and crowdsourced platforms. Effects of underlying mechanisms impacting data quality, including response satisficing, multitasking, and effort, are examined. As proposed, a serial mediation model shows that data source is, directly and indirectly, related to these antecedents of data quality. Satisficing is positively related to multitasking and negatively related to effort, and both mediators (in parallel) extend to data quality, indicating that the indirect effects on data quality through these mediating variables are significant. In general, a vetted MTurk sample (i.e., CloudResearch Approved) produces higher quality data than the other four sources. Regardless of the data source, researchers should utilize safeguards to ensure data quality. Safeguards and other strategies to obtain high-quality data from online samples are offered.
众包已经成为广告和社会科学研究人员首选的数据收集方法,因为这些样本避免了与专业面板数据相关的较高成本。然而,人们对在线资源的数据质量一直存在担忧。本研究考察了五种流行的在线数据源(包括专业面板和众包平台)在广告实验中数据质量的差异。研究了影响数据质量的潜在机制的影响,包括响应满意度、多任务处理和工作。正如所提出的,一个串行中介模型表明数据源直接或间接地与这些数据质量的先决条件相关。满意度与多任务处理呈正相关,与努力负相关,这两个中介(并行)延伸到数据质量,表明通过这些中介变量对数据质量的间接影响是显著的。一般来说,经过审查的MTurk样本(即CloudResearch批准的)比其他四个来源产生更高质量的数据。无论数据来源如何,研究人员都应该利用保障措施来确保数据质量。提供了从在线样本中获取高质量数据的保障措施和其他策略。
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引用次数: 13
Making Ads Stick: Role of Metaphors in Improving Advertising Memory 使广告牢固:隐喻在提高广告记忆中的作用
IF 5.7 2区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/00913367.2022.2089302
Elizabeth Beard, Nicole M Henninger, V. Venkatraman
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引用次数: 5
Transformative Advertising Research: Reimagining the Future of Advertising 变革性广告研究:重塑广告的未来
IF 5.7 2区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-07-28 DOI: 10.1080/00913367.2022.2098545
L. Gurrieri, Linda Tuncay Zayer, Catherine A. Coleman
Abstract The 50th anniversary of the Journal of Advertising launch is an opportune moment to dialogue among the past, present, and future and offer a fruitful vision for the possibilities of advertising. In this paper, we advance a new subfield that we call transformative advertising research (TAR). TAR examines problems and opportunities across the advertising system with the goal of transforming it toward better outcomes, namely cultivating individual, institutional, and societal well-being. We present a conceptual framework on TAR, informed by institutional theory, that highlights the transformational insights revealed in the intersections and interactions between institutional actors at the micro level, advertising institutions at the meso level, and sociocultural forces at the macro level and the resulting well-being outcomes. To illustrate our framework, we focus on a long-standing topical issue within advertising—gender inequality—that holds significant implications for well-being. In conceptualizing advertising as an institution, (1) we propose a new subfield of advertising we name TAR and (2) we present a framework that reveals the system complexities within the advertising ecosystem and allows for a clear vision of potential transformative outcomes, which (3) can guide and inspire scholars and practitioners with directions to engage in social change.
摘要《广告杂志》创刊50周年是一个对话过去、现在和未来的好时机,为广告的可能性提供了富有成果的愿景。在本文中,我们提出了一个新的子领域,我们称之为变革性广告研究(TAR)。TAR研究了整个广告系统的问题和机会,目的是将其转变为更好的结果,即培养个人、机构和社会福祉。我们提出了一个基于制度理论的TAR概念框架,强调了微观层面的制度参与者、中观层面的广告机构和宏观层面的社会文化力量之间的交叉和互动以及由此产生的幸福结果所揭示的变革见解。为了说明我们的框架,我们关注广告中一个长期存在的话题——性别不平等——这对幸福感有着重大影响。在将广告概念化为一种制度的过程中,(1)我们提出了一个新的广告子领域,我们将其命名为TAR,(2)我们提出一个框架,揭示了广告生态系统中的系统复杂性,并允许对潜在的变革结果有一个清晰的愿景,(3)这可以指导和激励学者和从业者制定参与社会变革的方向。
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引用次数: 7
Reflections on Professionalism and Human Touch—A Tribute 关于专业性与人性化的思考——致敬
IF 5.7 2区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-07-15 DOI: 10.1080/00913367.2022.2087976
Shelly Rodgers
As we move through this 50th anniversary year of the Journal of Advertising (JA), I would like to recognize and pay tribute to the former editors of JA. When an editor’s term is complete, it may mark the conclusion of an individual’s service, but it is not the end of that editor’s presence in the journal. Indeed, each editor has brought novelty, creativity, and advancement, resulting in a constant effort to raise the journal’s profile. These contributions can be seen in the pages of JA and through a virtually untapped resource: their editorials. This editorial was written based on the available editorials of former JA editors; my own reflection on JA as its current editor in chief will wait until a later issue. My aim is not to provide the reader with numbers, bullet points, or chronologies. Instead, this editorial aims to show how the alliance of professionalism and the human touch of the editors in governing JA has continually shaped the journal through the years, gradually creating its distinctiveness within the broader discipline.
值此《广告杂志》创刊50周年之际,我谨向《广告杂志杂志》的前编辑们表示敬意。当一位编辑的任期结束时,它可能标志着个人服务的结束,但这并不是该编辑在期刊上存在的结束。事实上,每一位编辑都带来了新鲜感、创造力和进步,从而不断努力提高杂志的知名度。这些贡献可以在JA的页面上看到,也可以通过一个几乎未开发的资源看到:他们的社论。这篇社论是根据前JA编辑的现有社论撰写的;我对《JA》现任主编的看法将等到下一期。我的目的不是为读者提供数字、要点或年表。相反,这篇社论旨在展示编辑们在管理JA中的专业精神和人性化联盟是如何多年来不断塑造该杂志的,并在更广泛的学科中逐渐创造其独特性。
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引用次数: 0
What’s in a “Happy” Meal? The Effects of Smiley Faces in Restaurant Logos on Price and Healthfulness Perceptions “快乐”餐里有什么?餐厅标志中笑脸对价格和健康感知的影响
IF 5.7 2区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-07-14 DOI: 10.1080/00913367.2022.2090465
Annika Abell, Leah Smith, Dipayan Biswas
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引用次数: 2
Mobile Technology and Advertising: Moving the Research Agenda Forward 移动技术与广告:推进研究议程
IF 5.7 2区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-07-14 DOI: 10.1080/00913367.2022.2089407
S. F. Bernritter, Shintaro Okazaki, Douglas C. West
Mobile technology offers advertisers not only an evergrowing global audience of “always-on” multifunctional smartphone capability but also instantaneous access to their contextual information. Location-based, environmental, and behavioral data are increasingly being used to apply novel targeting and creative strategies for the development of new forecasting models. The available evidence suggests there is widespread dissemination and broad acceptance of mobile technology in the marketplace, as well as very promising opportunities for advertisers to engage with their customers in novel ways. In 2021, over 6 billion people worldwide had smartphone subscriptions (Statista 2022b). Not surprisingly, almost 60% of web traffic is accounted for by mobile devices (StatCounter 2022). Accordingly, the evidence suggests that advertisers spend about two-thirds of their digital advertising budget on mobile advertising (eMarketer 2019). Nevertheless, such proliferation in mobile technology has not received significant attention from the advertising research community in comparison to the attention it’s received from marketing scholars. For example, during the past two decades, the Journal of Advertising has published only a few articles that investigated the topic (e.g., Baek and Yoo 2018; Okazaki, Li, and Hirose 2009; Peters, Amato, and Hollenbeck 2007). Moreover, a recent meta-analysis of mobile advertising research includes only three articles published by major advertising journals between 2012 and 2021 (Maseeh et al. 2021). In our view, such a lack of scholarly attention in our community can be attributed to at least two main reasons. First, a shift in mobile advertising research methods from more conventional survey or experimental approaches to a big-data and field experimental approach may have played a role. Over the past decade, mobile (advertising) scholars have increasingly focused on large-scale field data as the backbone for their research. Yet collecting these types of data comes with its own challenges because it usually requires collaboration with industry partners. Field data are also susceptible to increasing consumer privacy protection legislation. Hence, the threshold to obtain high-quality data for mobile advertising research is high. Indeed, according to a methods survey among major advertising journals, only a little over 6% of publications between 2011 and 2015 used market data, such as sales or media ratings (Chang 2017). To sum up: The unique features of mobile technology (e.g., portability, granular location targeting, dynamic environmental factors) are hard to capture with survey or experimental methods, as are commonly used by advertising scholars. Second, while it is widely understood that exposure to mobile advertising and the creation of user-generated content work differently than in nonmobile online media (e.g., Grewal and Stephen 2019; Melumad, Inman, and Pham 2019), our theoretical understanding of mobile advertising remains
移动技术不仅为广告商提供了不断增长的全球受众“常开”多功能智能手机功能,还为他们提供了即时访问上下文信息的机会。基于位置的环境和行为数据越来越多地被用于应用新的目标定位和创造性策略来开发新的预测模型。现有证据表明,移动技术在市场上得到了广泛传播和广泛接受,广告商也有很好的机会以新颖的方式与客户互动。2021年,全球有超过60亿人订阅了智能手机(Statista 2022b)。毫不奇怪,几乎60%的网络流量来自移动设备(StatCounter 2022)。因此,有证据表明,广告商将其数字广告预算的约三分之二用于移动广告(eMarketer 2019)。然而,与营销学者的关注相比,移动技术的这种扩散并没有得到广告研究界的显著关注。例如,在过去的二十年里,《广告杂志》只发表了几篇调查该主题的文章(例如,Baek和Yoo 2018;冈崎、李和广濑2009;Peters、Amato和Hollenbeck 2007)。此外,最近对移动广告研究的荟萃分析仅包括2012年至2021年间主要广告期刊发表的三篇文章(Maseeh等人,2021)。在我们看来,我们社区缺乏学术关注至少可以归因于两个主要原因。首先,移动广告研究方法从更传统的调查或实验方法转向大数据和现场实验方法可能起到了一定作用。在过去的十年里,移动(广告)学者越来越关注大规模的现场数据,将其作为研究的支柱。然而,收集这些类型的数据也有其自身的挑战,因为它通常需要与行业合作伙伴合作。现场数据也容易受到消费者隐私保护立法增加的影响。因此,获得高质量数据用于移动广告研究的门槛很高。事实上,根据对主要广告期刊的方法调查,2011年至2015年间,只有略高于6%的出版物使用了市场数据,如销售额或媒体评级(Chang 2017)。综上所述:移动技术的独特特征(如便携性、细粒度定位、动态环境因素)很难用广告学者常用的调查或实验方法来捕捉。其次,尽管人们普遍认为,接触移动广告和创建用户生成的内容与非移动在线媒体的工作方式不同(例如,Grewal和Stephen 2019;Melumad、Inman和Pham 2019),但我们对移动广告的理论理解仍然不成熟。大多数研究都是基于现有在线广告研究的理论,而没有充分考虑移动广告领域的复杂性。行业评论员也反映了这一点,他们表示,位置数据等新的上下文见解是营销中最容易被误解的领域之一(2018年广告周),广告商仍在努力有效地利用这些见解(2019年福布斯)。本期《广告杂志》特刊《移动技术与广告》旨在通过围绕这一令人兴奋的研究领域展开对话,解决与移动广告研究在广告杂志中代表性不足有关的一些问题。在这样做的过程中,本特别部分旨在通过对这些新的问题采取更广泛、更新颖的方法来扩展我们目前对该主题的了解
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引用次数: 3
Differential Effects of Device Modalities and Exposure to Online Reviews on Online Purchasing: A Field Study 设备方式和在线评论对在线购买的差异影响:一项实地研究
IF 5.7 2区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-07-14 DOI: 10.1080/00913367.2022.2090466
Larry Olanrewaju Orimoloye, A. Scheinbaum, Monika Kukar‐Kinney, Tiejun Ma, M. Sung, Johnnie E. V. Johnson
Abstract We model the effect of online information search across mobile (smartphone and tablet) and nonmobile (personal computer [PC], both desktop and laptop) platforms on frequency of purchasing per online shopping session. Using clickstream data from a multinational retailer, we find that device modality drives purchase frequency, likely due to the differential ease of use of PCs, tablets, and smartphones. In particular, frequency of completed orders is highest when information search and purchase completion are highly convenient, such as when shopping via tablet. We also determine that information search in the form of reading online product reviews has no effect on mobile platforms, while it does on other platforms. These findings contribute to information search theory, suggesting that information search increases purchase likelihood when it is goal directed, extensive, and easy to conduct. Thus, the broad role of digital advertising should be to make the information search process easier and more convenient for consumers to stimulate purchases. These findings help digital advertisers understand information search patterns across device modalities. Implications for digital advertisers on electronic commerce (e-commerce) platforms are offered.
摘要我们模拟了移动(智能手机和平板电脑)和非移动(台式机和笔记本电脑)平台上的在线信息搜索对每次在线购物频率的影响。使用来自一家跨国零售商的点击流数据,我们发现设备模式驱动了购买频率,这可能是由于PC、平板电脑和智能手机的易用性不同。特别是,当信息搜索和购买完成非常方便时,例如通过平板电脑购物时,完成订单的频率最高。我们还确定,以阅读在线产品评论的形式进行的信息搜索在移动平台上没有影响,而在其他平台上有影响。这些发现有助于信息搜索理论,表明当信息搜索是目标导向的、广泛的且易于进行时,它会增加购买的可能性。因此,数字广告的广泛作用应该是使信息搜索过程更容易、更方便消费者刺激购买。这些发现有助于数字广告商了解跨设备模式的信息搜索模式。提供了对电子商务平台上的数字广告商的启示。
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引用次数: 2
Consumer Response toward Sexual Advertisements in the Context of Access-Based Consumption 无障碍消费背景下消费者对性广告的反应
IF 5.7 2区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-06-14 DOI: 10.1080/00913367.2022.2078449
Yongheng Liang, Xiaoyue Wu, Yi Su, Liyin Jin
Abstract This research explores consumers’ responses to sexual appeals in advertisements in the context of access-based consumption. The results indicate that male consumers’ responses toward sexual appeals are more negative when the advertised products are access based (versus ownership based). For female consumers, sexual appeals lead to equally negative responses in the two consumption modes (Study 1). Male consumers react more negatively to sexual appeals (versus nonsexual appeals) when the advertised product is access based because of a heightened desire for possessiveness, which conflicts with the nonpossessive nature of access-based consumption (Study 2). Notably, the negative effect induced by sexual appeals in access-based consumption mode is supported regardless of whether the degree of match between advertised product and sexual appeals is high or low (Study 3). Moreover, sexually conservative consumers respond to sexual appeals more negatively when the advertised products are access based (versus ownership based) (Study 4). These findings have important implications for advertising activities in the context of access-based consumption and the sharing economy.
摘要本研究探讨了在基于获取的消费背景下,消费者对广告中性诉求的反应。研究结果表明,当广告产品是基于获取(而不是基于所有权)时,男性消费者对性吸引力的反应更为负面。对于女性消费者来说,在两种消费模式中,性诉求会导致同样的负面反应(研究1)。当广告产品是基于获取的时,男性消费者对性诉求的反应更为负面(而非性诉求),因为占有欲增强,这与基于获取的消费的非获取性相冲突(研究2)。值得注意的是,无论广告产品和性吸引力之间的匹配程度是高还是低,在基于获取的消费模式中,性吸引力引发的负面影响都得到了支持(研究3)。此外,当广告产品以获取为基础(而不是以所有权为基础)时,性保守的消费者对性诉求的反应更为负面(研究4)。这些发现对基于获取的消费和共享经济背景下的广告活动具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Changes in Definitions and Operationalizations in Advertising Research—Justified or Not? 广告研究中定义和操作的变化——是否合理?
IF 5.7 2区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.1080/00913367.2022.2077268
L. Bergkvist, M. Eisend
Abstract Many advertising constructs vary considerably in how they are defined and operationalized—variations which result from changes in definitions and operationalizations over time and between studies. These changes undermine the comparability of empirical insights, challenge the integration of insights into an existing body of knowledge, and thereby impede knowledge development in advertising research. This negative effect is why it is crucial to know whether and when changes are needed and justified. In this article, we address definition and operationalization change from a theoretical perspective, identify factors driving changes in definitions and operationalizations, and outline when changes are justified. We then offer recommendations for how to avoid unjustified changes.
摘要许多广告结构在定义和操作方式上存在很大差异,这些差异是由于定义和操作随时间和研究之间的变化而产生的。这些变化破坏了经验见解的可比性,挑战了见解与现有知识体系的整合,从而阻碍了广告研究中的知识发展。这种负面影响就是为什么知道是否以及何时需要和证明变革是合理的至关重要。在这篇文章中,我们从理论角度讨论了定义和操作的变化,确定了驱动定义和操作变化的因素,并概述了何时可以证明这些变化是合理的。然后,我们就如何避免不合理的改变提出建议。
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引用次数: 5
A Picture’s Worth a Thousand Words: Using Depicted Movement in Picture-Based Ads to Increase Narrative Transportation 一张图片胜过千言万语:在基于图片的广告中使用描绘运动来增加叙事运输
IF 5.7 2区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.1080/00913367.2022.2077267
Jamie L. Grigsby, Robert D. Jewell, C. Zamudio
Abstract Storytelling is a common tactic used by marketers to connect with consumers and persuade through narrative transportation. While researchers have explored how narrative transportation can be generated through many different mediums, little research has investigated how narrative transportation can be achieved through a single image, such as those used for print ads and billboards. This research examines how single-image, picture-based ads with high levels of depicted movement can prompt consumers to empathize with characters in the ad, activate their imagination, and experience narrative transportation leading to more positive attitudes toward that ad. In addition, when ads incorporate a design tactic that requires inductive inference, such as showing products as humanized, narrative transportation can be generated even in the absence of depicted movement. This research adds to the narrative transportation literature by providing depicted movement and humanization as specific tactics advertisers can use in a single image to persuade through narrative transportation.
讲故事是营销人员通过叙事运输与消费者建立联系并说服消费者的常用策略。虽然研究人员已经探索了如何通过许多不同的媒介产生叙事传递,但很少有研究调查如何通过单个图像(如用于印刷广告和广告牌的图像)实现叙事传递。本研究考察了单图像、基于图片的高水平运动描述广告如何促使消费者与广告中的角色产生共鸣,激活他们的想象力,并体验叙事运输,从而对广告产生更积极的态度。此外,当广告采用一种需要归纳推理的设计策略时,例如将产品展示为人性化,即使没有描述运动,也可以产生叙事运输。本研究通过提供描绘运动和人性化作为广告商可以在单个图像中使用的特定策略来通过叙事运输来说服,从而增加了叙事运输文献。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Advertising
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