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General and Stereotype-Based Microaggressions Experienced by Asians and Asian Americans in the Workplace: A Qualitative Study 亚裔和亚裔美国人在工作场所遭遇的一般微词和基于刻板印象的微词:定性研究
IF 3.2 2区 文学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/00027642241232760
Duoc V. Nguyen, Caryn J. Block, Jennifer Y. Kim, Hong Yu
The purpose of this study was to uncover the racial microaggressions that Asians and Asian Americans experience in the workplace. Qualitative interviews and focus groups were conducted with 19 Asian and Asian American men and women, representing a variety of Asian ethnicities, with work experience in various industries. Results revealed seven themes of workplace racial microaggressions: (a) Invalidation of Individual Differences, (b) Unrecognized Contributions and Undervalued Employee, (c) Being Singled Out, (d) Demeaning Cultural Values and Communication Styles, (e) Ascription of Subservience, (f) Ascription of Diligence, and (g) Ascription of Math Competency. These seven themes were classified into two broader categories. The first four themes were classified into general microaggressions, which embodied microaggressions experienced by Asians but could also be experienced by other people of color. The last three themes were classified into stereotype-based microaggressions, which embodied how Asians were treated differently through the lens of stereotypes that others held of Asians. Although, Ascription of Math Competency and Ascription of Diligence may be seen as positive, these microaggressions yielded more assigned math-related work rather than the employee’s preferences and longer working hours, respectively. The effect of these microaggressions rendered Asian employees as visible in terms of their race, whereas invisible in terms of their professional contributions. Implications of these findings for improving experiences of Asians in the workplace are discussed.
本研究的目的是揭示亚裔和亚裔美国人在工作场所所经历的种族微言攻击。研究人员对 19 名亚裔和美籍亚裔男女进行了定性访谈和焦点小组讨论,他们代表了不同的亚裔种族,拥有不同行业的工作经验。结果显示了工作场所种族微冒犯的七个主题:(a)个人差异无效;(b)贡献不被认可和员工价值被低估;(c)被孤立;(d)贬低文化价值观和沟通方式;(e)归因于顺从;(f)归因于勤奋;以及(g)归因于数学能力。这七个主题被分为两大类。前四个主题被归类为一般微侵害,它们体现了亚裔所经历的微侵害,但其他有色人种也可能经历。最后三个主题被归类为基于刻板印象的微侵害,体现了亚裔如何通过他人对亚裔的刻板印象而受到不同的对待。尽管 "数学能力 "和 "勤奋 "可能被视为积极因素,但这些微观诋毁分别导致了更多与数学相关的工作分配,而不是员工的喜好和更长的工作时间。这些微冒犯的影响使得亚裔员工在种族方面显而易见,而在专业贡献方面却不为人知。本文讨论了这些发现对改善亚裔在工作场所的体验所产生的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Critical Issues Facing Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in Organizations and Society 亚裔美国人和太平洋岛民在组织和社会中面临的关键问题
IF 3.2 2区 文学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.1177/00027642241231317
Eddy Ng, Winny Shen, Alexander Lewis, Robert Bonner
The discussion of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) in the context of the West is uniquely complex. AAPIs are often held up as “model minorities,” resulting in exclusion from many equity conversations. The lack of attention focusing on the experiences of AAPI communities in organizations and society suggests a need for us to remedy this. In this special issue, we curated a collection of eight papers that tackle a broad range of issues that advance conversations of AAPI communities and diasporas. We contend that it may be particularly beneficial to take a critical perspective (using Asian Critical Theory or AsianCrit) to bring to light and challenge systemic issues faced by AAPI communities in Western workplaces and societies. We also call for a post-model minority narrative, which has the potential to mitigate the adverse impacts that the notion of a model minority has on both intragroup and intergroup relations and well-being.
在西方,关于亚裔美国人和太平洋岛民(AAPIs)的讨论具有独特的复杂性。亚裔美国人和太平洋岛民经常被视为 "模范少数群体",导致他们被排除在许多平等对话之外。对亚裔美国人社区在组织和社会中的经历缺乏关注,这表明我们需要弥补这一不足。在本特刊中,我们收集了八篇论文,这些论文涉及广泛的问题,推动了有关亚太裔社区和侨民的对话。我们认为,从批判的角度(使用亚洲批判理论或 AsianCrit)来揭示和挑战亚太裔社区在西方工作场所和社会中所面临的系统性问题,可能会特别有益。我们还呼吁后模范少数群体叙事,它有可能减轻模范少数群体概念对群体内和群体间关系和福祉的不利影响。
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引用次数: 0
Im/migrant Well-Being Part II: Race, Ethnicity, and Legal Challenges to Incorporation and Well-Being 移民的福祉 第二部分:种族、民族和法律对融入社会和福祉的挑战
IF 3.2 2区 文学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1177/00027642241230920
Elizabeth Vaquera, Thomas J. Rachko
In this introduction to the second issue of a two-part series on Im/migrant Well-being, we discuss examples of how race, ethnicity, and a patchwork of current and proposed state and federal laws contribute to the exclusion of and discrimination of immigrants, hindering their incorporation and having harmful effects on their well-being. Articles discussed in this introduction zoom in into these issues by analyzing in detail how the well-being of immigrants in the United States is threatened by current U.S. immigration laws and policies: from the racial construction of the invasive “100-mile border enforcement zone” to the precarious legal statuses of unaccompanied migrant children, Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals recipients, and farmworkers. Together, these empirical studies produce robust evidence demonstrating how the racialization and liminal legality of im/migrant communities in the United States adversely affect their belonging, incorporation, and overall well-being. In line with the findings from these articles, and in the absence of federal action on immigration reform in the horizon, the opening commentary following this introduction highlights how immigrant communities and scholars have the power to perform critical acts of brokerage to prevent harm and promote collective well-being by sharing resources and produce collaborative research that contributes toward evidence-informed policymaking.
在本期导言中,我们将讨论种族、民族以及现行和拟议中的州和联邦法律如何助长对移民的排斥和歧视,阻碍他们融入社会,并对他们的福祉造成有害影响。本引言中讨论的文章通过详细分析美国现行移民法律和政策如何威胁美国移民的福祉,深入探讨了这些问题:从 "100 英里边境执法区 "的种族构建,到无人陪伴移民儿童、"童年抵达者暂缓遣返计划"(Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals)受益者和农场工人岌岌可危的法律地位。这些实证研究共同提供了有力的证据,证明了美国移民社区的种族化和边缘合法性如何对他们的归属感、融入和整体福祉产生不利影响。与这些文章的研究结果相一致,在联邦尚未对移民改革采取任何行动的情况下,本引言后的开篇评论强调了移民社区和学者如何通过资源共享和合作研究,为循证决策做出贡献,从而有能力采取关键的中介行动,以防止伤害和促进集体福祉。
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引用次数: 0
Work Role Commitment and Interference of Work with Family Among Asian and White Americans: A Self-Verification Perspective 美国亚裔和白人的工作角色承诺与工作对家庭的干扰:自我验证视角
IF 3.2 2区 文学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1177/00027642241231312
Yu-Shan Hsu, Mihaela Dimitrova, Margaret A. Shaffer, Gloria J. Miller
Based on a sample of 168 Asian Americans and 248 White Americans, we found that Asian Americans were more prone to experience interference of work with family life when they were highly committed to their work role compared to White Americans. This difference was more pronounced for Asian Americans with low self-esteem, whereas there were no differences between the ethnic groups for those with high self-esteem. In sum, we find that examining the level of commitment of Asian Americans to a work role is insufficient for understanding how their work interferes with family life. Our findings reflect that, for Asian Americans, their cultural values, traditions, and heritage also play a significant role, especially for those individuals with low self-esteem. The article also addresses practical implications and future directions for research.
根据对 168 名亚裔美国人和 248 名白人美国人的抽样调查,我们发现,与白人美国人相比,亚裔美国人在高度投入工作角色时,更容易受到工作与家庭生活的干扰。这种差异在自尊心较低的亚裔美国人身上表现得更为明显,而在自尊心较高的亚裔美国人身上则不存在种族差异。总之,我们发现,研究亚裔美国人对工作角色的投入程度不足以了解他们的工作是如何干扰家庭生活的。我们的研究结果反映出,对亚裔美国人来说,他们的文化价值观、传统和遗产也起着重要作用,尤其是对那些自尊心较低的人来说。文章还探讨了实际意义和未来研究方向。
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引用次数: 0
Mobilization and Arenas of Opposition in Indonesia’s New Order (1966–1998) 印度尼西亚新秩序中的反对派动员与舞台(1966-1998 年)
IF 3.2 2区 文学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.1177/00027642231195809
Mirjam Künkler
Theories of regime transition have highlighted the importance of moderate resistance movement leaders in negotiating the end of authoritarianism and multiparty democracies. Meanwhile, the specific context in which such moderate opposition leaders who believe in the virtues of peaceful conflict resolution emerge and gain sufficient influence to sideline more radical elements has received far less attention in the transitions to democracy literature. This article presents a classification of oppositional arenas during Indonesia’s New Order and analyzes the social sites from which moderate individuals emerge. It then traces their interactions with constituencies and the regime to specify the processes that put moderate Muslim leaders at center stage during the democratic transition. The article argues that integrating social movement analysis and regime-type approaches is necessary when examining dissent in authoritarian environments. While social movement analysis provides valuable tools for understanding the functioning of oppositional groups, it undertheorizes institutionally available space for opposition and dissent. Political opportunity structure theses typically only analyze ex-post whether such opportunities existed but are silent on which regime types tend to offer spaces for contention and when. Thus, the importance of regime-type analysis.
政权过渡理论强调了温和的抵抗运动领导人在谈判结束专制主义和多党民主制方面的重要性。与此同时,在向民主过渡的文献中,这些信奉和平解决冲突美德的温和反对派领导人是在怎样的具体环境中出现并获得足够的影响力,从而使更激进的分子靠边站的,却很少受到关注。本文对印尼新秩序时期的反对派舞台进行了分类,并分析了温和派人士产生的社会环境。然后,文章追溯了他们与选民和政权之间的互动,具体说明了在民主过渡时期将温和派穆斯林领袖推向中心舞台的过程。文章认为,在研究专制环境中的异议时,有必要将社会运动分析和政权类型方法结合起来。虽然社会运动分析为理解反对派团体的运作提供了有价值的工具,但它对反对派和异见者的制度空间理论化不足。政治机会结构论文通常只是事后分析这种机会是否存在,而对哪种类型的政权倾向于在何时提供争论空间却只字未提。因此,政权类型分析非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
Well-Being, Changes to Academic Behavior, and Resilience Among Families Experiencing Parental Immigration Imprisonment 经历父母移民入狱的家庭的福祉、学业行为变化和复原力
IF 3.2 2区 文学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.1177/00027642231215988
Caitlin Patler, Gabriela Gonzalez
While the deleterious impacts of parental incarceration are well documented, we know less about the experiences of children with parents imprisoned by immigration authorities. We draw from 62 multigenerational and multiperspective interviews conducted in California with school-age children experiencing parental immigration imprisonment (PII), and their nondetained caregivers. We find that children experiencing PII report feelings and behaviors suggestive of significant psychological distress, which leads to changes in engagement and behavior at school. While some children access academic support and counseling, often following advocacy from nondetained parents or interventions by teachers, others do not receive such support. Many children conceal their family’s situation and withdraw from school-based programs—alarmingly, the very same structures that could support them through PII. These behaviors are rooted in compounded vulnerability, that is, children’s overlapping experiences of parents’ imprisonment and precarious immigration status. Our study provides strong descriptive evidence of the extensive harms of PII for children. These results should prompt immediate action from policymakers who can legislate an end to incarceration in immigration legal proceedings. Our findings can also inform efforts by educators and schools to better support children experiencing PII.
虽然父母被监禁所造成的有害影响有据可查,但我们对父母被移民当局监禁的儿童的经历却知之甚少。我们在加利福尼亚州对父母被移民局监禁(PII)的学龄儿童及其未被监禁的照顾者进行了 62 次多代多视角访谈。我们发现,遭受父母移民监禁的儿童报告的感受和行为表明他们面临严重的心理压力,这导致他们在学校的参与度和行为发生变化。一些儿童通常会在非监护父母的倡导或教师的干预下获得学业支持和心理咨询,但另一些儿童却得不到此类支持。许多儿童隐瞒了自己的家庭情况,并从学校的项目中退出--令人震惊的是,这些项目恰恰是可以通过个人隐私保护为他们提供支持的机构。这些行为的根源在于复合脆弱性,即儿童因父母入狱和不稳定的移民身份而产生的重叠经历。我们的研究提供了有力的描述性证据,证明了私生子女身份对儿童造成的广泛伤害。这些结果应促使政策制定者立即采取行动,通过立法终止在移民法律程序中的监禁。我们的研究结果还可以为教育工作者和学校提供参考,以便更好地为遭受 PII 的儿童提供支持。
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引用次数: 0
Publicly Engaged Sociological Research for Immigrant Well-Being 公众参与的移民福祉社会学研究
IF 3.2 2区 文学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.1177/00027642231217626
Cecilia Menjívar
Drawing inspiration from the long tradition of U.S. sociology and from Latin American sociology, I describe a few examples of how I have endeavored to make my scholarship available to the public and to inform policy to enhance immigrant well-being. I frame this piece within discussions around public, policy, critical, and professional sociology to underscore that these strands of the discipline do not conflict but draw strength from one another. Identifying urgent issues that need our research attention is key to doing this work effectively to contribute to social change.
从美国社会学和拉丁美洲社会学的悠久传统中汲取灵感,我描述了几个例子,说明我如何努力使我的奖学金向公众开放,并为提高移民福利的政策提供信息。我将这篇文章置于围绕公共、政策、批判和专业社会学的讨论中,以强调这门学科的这些分支并不冲突,而是相互吸取力量。确定需要我们研究关注的紧急问题是有效开展这项工作以促进社会变革的关键。
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引用次数: 0
The Bureaucratic Waiting Tolls: Social Consequences of Uncertain and Prolonged Waiting in U.S. Lawful Permanent Residence Processing 官僚主义的等待收费:美国合法永久居留审批中不确定和长期等待的社会后果
IF 3.2 2区 文学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2023-12-03 DOI: 10.1177/00027642231216727
Michelle S. Dromgold-Sermen
This study expands existing sociological and immigration scholarship on waiting, governmentality, and U.S. immigration bureaucracies by introducing the concept of the bureaucratic waiting tolls. Research has identified costs of uncertainty and waiting within the enforcement, judicial, and legislative arms of federal immigration bureaucracies, particularly for vulnerable migrant groups. The consequences of prolonged waiting in U.S. federal immigration bureaucracies’ service branches are less well understood. I examine the consequences of waiting for an adjustment of legal status to lawful permanent residence (LPR) within the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) bureaucracy among temporary nonimmigrants in the United States on visas. While the outcome of waiting for an adjustment of status—receiving a green card—is typically framed as success, I question whether the process of waiting is also one that primes migrants for success. Drawing on qualitative textual analysis of posts on an online immigration forum between 2007 and 2021, I identify multifaceted tolls of waiting in the USCIS bureaucracy. Updates from USCIS toll unexpectedly and disrupt everyday lives, financial tolls and opportunity costs—particularly in employment—directly impact life trajectories, and waiting introduces every day and longer-term damage that marginalizes this immigrant group. Exacerbated by uncertain and prolonged bureaucratic waiting, these tolls are consequential for migrant well-being. I conclude with policy suggestions to reform existing immigration caps to reduce long wait times and thereby alleviate the consequences of waiting and strengthen integration pathways throughout and following the LPR process.
本研究通过引入官僚等待收费的概念,扩展了现有的社会学和移民学术对等待、治理和美国移民官僚机构的研究。研究已经确定了联邦移民官僚机构执法、司法和立法部门的不确定性和等待的成本,特别是对弱势移民群体而言。在美国联邦移民机构的服务部门长时间等待的后果还不太清楚。我研究了在美国公民及移民服务局(USCIS)官僚机构内等待合法身份调整为合法永久居留权(LPR)对持签证在美国的临时非移民的影响。虽然等待身份调整的结果——获得绿卡——通常被认为是成功的,但我怀疑等待的过程是否也是为移民成功做好准备的过程之一。通过对2007年至2021年在线移民论坛上帖子的定性文本分析,我确定了在美国移民局官僚机构中等待的多方面代价。美国移民局的最新消息出乎意料地破坏了日常生活,造成了经济损失和机会成本——尤其是在就业方面——直接影响了生活轨迹,等待带来了每天和长期的损害,使这一移民群体边缘化。由于不确定和漫长的官僚等待,这些费用对移民的福祉产生了重大影响。最后,我提出了改革现有移民上限的政策建议,以减少漫长的等待时间,从而减轻等待的后果,并在LPR过程中和之后加强融合途径。
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引用次数: 0
Im/migrant Well-Being Part I: The Impact of Immigration Laws and Enforcement Measures 移民的福祉 第一部分:移民法和执法措施的影响
IF 3.2 2区 文学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2023-12-03 DOI: 10.1177/00027642231216848
Elizabeth Aranda
This article introduces the first volume of a two-part series on im/migrant well-being. Stemming from the conference, Im/migrant Well-Being: A Nexus for Research & Policy, the author discusses the importance of studying im/migrant well-being, and why focusing on immigration policies and enforcement measures is of critical importance if scholars are interested in understanding the social factors that shape well-being among im/migrant populations. A brief review of the articles in this special issue is provided as the author argues for the importance of publicly engaged research that can provide policy-oriented solutions to the public and change-makers.
本文介绍了关于移民/移民福利的两部分系列的第一卷。在“移民/移民福利:研究与政策的纽带”会议上,作者讨论了研究移民/移民福利的重要性,以及如果学者对了解影响移民/移民人口福祉的社会因素感兴趣,为什么关注移民政策和执法措施至关重要。本文简要回顾了本期特刊中的文章,作者论述了公众参与研究的重要性,这些研究可以为公众和变革者提供政策导向的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Psychological Underpinnings of Terror Awareness: A Comprehensive Dive into Ukrainians’ Perception of Terrorist Threats Amidst War Tensions 恐怖主义意识的心理基础:全面探究乌克兰人对战争紧张局势下恐怖主义威胁的看法
IF 3.2 2区 文学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2023-12-03 DOI: 10.1177/00027642231214083
V. Lunov, Oleg Maltsev, Mykhailo Matiash, V. Mosiichuk, B. Tkach
This article delves into the intricate dynamics of terrorist threat perceptions, particularly within the context of the Russian–Ukrainian war. By weaving together narrative understanding, cognitive and metacognitive styles, the challenges of information warfare, neuropsychological reactions, and resilience mechanisms, the research casts light on the complex interplay of psychological factors that shape Ukrainians’ perception of terrorist threats. Drawing from a diverse participant pool, the study identifies four major factors: “Comprehensive Threat Response and Socio-Psychological Terror Impact,” “Eco-Social Strain Perception and Cultural Identity and Societal Concerns,” “Physical and Societal Vulnerability and Intrinsic Fears and Moral Evolution,” and “Interpersonal Strains and Behavioral Indicators.” These elements offer an intricate understanding of how terrorist threats are perceived at both individual and societal levels. The findings underscore the importance of interdisciplinary and holistic approaches in comprehending and navigating the nuances of perceived threats amidst geopolitical unrest.
本文深入研究了恐怖主义威胁感知的复杂动态,特别是在俄乌战争的背景下。通过将叙事理解、认知和元认知风格、信息战的挑战、神经心理反应和恢复机制编织在一起,该研究揭示了影响乌克兰人对恐怖主义威胁感知的心理因素之间复杂的相互作用。从不同的参与者中,研究确定了四个主要因素:“综合威胁反应和社会心理恐怖影响”,“生态社会压力感知和文化认同和社会关注”,“身体和社会脆弱性、内在恐惧和道德进化”,以及“人际压力和行为指标”。这些因素提供了一个复杂的理解恐怖主义威胁是如何在个人和社会层面上被感知的。研究结果强调了跨学科和整体方法在理解和驾驭地缘政治动荡中感知到的威胁的细微差别方面的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
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