Pub Date : 2023-12-03DOI: 10.1177/00027642231216848
Elizabeth Aranda
This article introduces the first volume of a two-part series on im/migrant well-being. Stemming from the conference, Im/migrant Well-Being: A Nexus for Research & Policy, the author discusses the importance of studying im/migrant well-being, and why focusing on immigration policies and enforcement measures is of critical importance if scholars are interested in understanding the social factors that shape well-being among im/migrant populations. A brief review of the articles in this special issue is provided as the author argues for the importance of publicly engaged research that can provide policy-oriented solutions to the public and change-makers.
{"title":"Im/migrant Well-Being Part I: The Impact of Immigration Laws and Enforcement Measures","authors":"Elizabeth Aranda","doi":"10.1177/00027642231216848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642231216848","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces the first volume of a two-part series on im/migrant well-being. Stemming from the conference, Im/migrant Well-Being: A Nexus for Research & Policy, the author discusses the importance of studying im/migrant well-being, and why focusing on immigration policies and enforcement measures is of critical importance if scholars are interested in understanding the social factors that shape well-being among im/migrant populations. A brief review of the articles in this special issue is provided as the author argues for the importance of publicly engaged research that can provide policy-oriented solutions to the public and change-makers.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"36 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138605528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-03DOI: 10.1177/00027642231214083
V. Lunov, Oleg Maltsev, Mykhailo Matiash, V. Mosiichuk, B. Tkach
This article delves into the intricate dynamics of terrorist threat perceptions, particularly within the context of the Russian–Ukrainian war. By weaving together narrative understanding, cognitive and metacognitive styles, the challenges of information warfare, neuropsychological reactions, and resilience mechanisms, the research casts light on the complex interplay of psychological factors that shape Ukrainians’ perception of terrorist threats. Drawing from a diverse participant pool, the study identifies four major factors: “Comprehensive Threat Response and Socio-Psychological Terror Impact,” “Eco-Social Strain Perception and Cultural Identity and Societal Concerns,” “Physical and Societal Vulnerability and Intrinsic Fears and Moral Evolution,” and “Interpersonal Strains and Behavioral Indicators.” These elements offer an intricate understanding of how terrorist threats are perceived at both individual and societal levels. The findings underscore the importance of interdisciplinary and holistic approaches in comprehending and navigating the nuances of perceived threats amidst geopolitical unrest.
{"title":"Psychological Underpinnings of Terror Awareness: A Comprehensive Dive into Ukrainians’ Perception of Terrorist Threats Amidst War Tensions","authors":"V. Lunov, Oleg Maltsev, Mykhailo Matiash, V. Mosiichuk, B. Tkach","doi":"10.1177/00027642231214083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642231214083","url":null,"abstract":"This article delves into the intricate dynamics of terrorist threat perceptions, particularly within the context of the Russian–Ukrainian war. By weaving together narrative understanding, cognitive and metacognitive styles, the challenges of information warfare, neuropsychological reactions, and resilience mechanisms, the research casts light on the complex interplay of psychological factors that shape Ukrainians’ perception of terrorist threats. Drawing from a diverse participant pool, the study identifies four major factors: “Comprehensive Threat Response and Socio-Psychological Terror Impact,” “Eco-Social Strain Perception and Cultural Identity and Societal Concerns,” “Physical and Societal Vulnerability and Intrinsic Fears and Moral Evolution,” and “Interpersonal Strains and Behavioral Indicators.” These elements offer an intricate understanding of how terrorist threats are perceived at both individual and societal levels. The findings underscore the importance of interdisciplinary and holistic approaches in comprehending and navigating the nuances of perceived threats amidst geopolitical unrest.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"29 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138605354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1177/00027642231214080
Maxim Lepskiy, Natalia Lepska
The full-scale incursion by Russia into Ukraine in February 2022 starkly revealed the aggressive, manipulative, and deceitful nature of the Russian autocracy. This action effectively employed state terrorism and led to Russia being labeled as a terrorist state. This article undertakes a thorough examination of the emerging geopolitical concept known as the “terrorist state” within the broader context of the evolution and hybridization of terrorism. The authors employ a conceptual analysis of the “terrorist state” as a manifestation of destructive aggression, utilizing the instrumental axes methodology. They delve into the distinctive characteristics of state-sponsored terrorism and explore the static structural and dynamic processes leading an autocracy toward the designation of a terrorist state. In this discourse, the authors highlight the pressing necessity to broaden the research perspectives within the realms of terrorism theory and praxeology by introducing the novel concept of a “terrorist state” into the normative framework of international law and counter-terrorism strategies. This research holds significant practical relevance amid contemporary geopolitical tensions, providing a scholarly basis for proactive policies aimed at addressing autocratic dictatorships that challenge the global security apparatus. Additionally, it underscores the importance of strategic isolation measures directed at terrorist states.
{"title":"The Phenomenon of the Terrorist State in Contemporary Geopolitics: Attributive, Static, and Dynamic Characteristics","authors":"Maxim Lepskiy, Natalia Lepska","doi":"10.1177/00027642231214080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642231214080","url":null,"abstract":"The full-scale incursion by Russia into Ukraine in February 2022 starkly revealed the aggressive, manipulative, and deceitful nature of the Russian autocracy. This action effectively employed state terrorism and led to Russia being labeled as a terrorist state. This article undertakes a thorough examination of the emerging geopolitical concept known as the “terrorist state” within the broader context of the evolution and hybridization of terrorism. The authors employ a conceptual analysis of the “terrorist state” as a manifestation of destructive aggression, utilizing the instrumental axes methodology. They delve into the distinctive characteristics of state-sponsored terrorism and explore the static structural and dynamic processes leading an autocracy toward the designation of a terrorist state. In this discourse, the authors highlight the pressing necessity to broaden the research perspectives within the realms of terrorism theory and praxeology by introducing the novel concept of a “terrorist state” into the normative framework of international law and counter-terrorism strategies. This research holds significant practical relevance amid contemporary geopolitical tensions, providing a scholarly basis for proactive policies aimed at addressing autocratic dictatorships that challenge the global security apparatus. Additionally, it underscores the importance of strategic isolation measures directed at terrorist states.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138624032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1177/00027642231215990
Lorena Avila, David Ibañez
Thousands of immigrants are in civil detention awaiting case adjudication in the United States. Unguaranteed legal representation and stringent access to bond hearings restrict the chances of release. Though the institutional purpose of civil detention and bonds in Immigration Court is to secure safety and the public good, we find contradictions in such purpose: increasingly high bonds are mandated regardless of individual circumstances, in a context of legal violence, or the loss and uncertainty experienced by a subclass of individuals scrutinized by the law, characterized by heightened criminalization, scarce legal protections, and broad judicial discretion. We use bond case administrative data from the Executive Office of Immigration Review between 1991 and 2020 in a multivariate analysis that centers on the influence of criminal records and legal representation to get lower bond amounts granted. We find that criminal records predict risk before 2001, but after, individuals with no records are also mandated to pay higher amounts to Immigration Courts. After 2001, legal representation’s influence on reducing bond amounts is subtle but relevant. We analyze these findings in light of policy changes and provide evidence on how increasingly high bonds fracture social and economic determinants of immigrants’ well-being by altering their economic stability while they and their communities also suffer the psychological and physical tolls of detention.
{"title":"An Expensive Pass to Freedom: Bond Amounts Trajectories in Immigration Court","authors":"Lorena Avila, David Ibañez","doi":"10.1177/00027642231215990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642231215990","url":null,"abstract":"Thousands of immigrants are in civil detention awaiting case adjudication in the United States. Unguaranteed legal representation and stringent access to bond hearings restrict the chances of release. Though the institutional purpose of civil detention and bonds in Immigration Court is to secure safety and the public good, we find contradictions in such purpose: increasingly high bonds are mandated regardless of individual circumstances, in a context of legal violence, or the loss and uncertainty experienced by a subclass of individuals scrutinized by the law, characterized by heightened criminalization, scarce legal protections, and broad judicial discretion. We use bond case administrative data from the Executive Office of Immigration Review between 1991 and 2020 in a multivariate analysis that centers on the influence of criminal records and legal representation to get lower bond amounts granted. We find that criminal records predict risk before 2001, but after, individuals with no records are also mandated to pay higher amounts to Immigration Courts. After 2001, legal representation’s influence on reducing bond amounts is subtle but relevant. We analyze these findings in light of policy changes and provide evidence on how increasingly high bonds fracture social and economic determinants of immigrants’ well-being by altering their economic stability while they and their communities also suffer the psychological and physical tolls of detention.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":" 538","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138610873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-28DOI: 10.1177/00027642231215992
J. Kirksey, Carolyn Sattin-Bajaj
The scale and violence of workplace raids distinguish them from other interior enforcement actions, and they warrant careful scrutiny given their power to produce serious immediate and long-term consequences for entire communities with a single act. In this paper, we examine the short- and longer-run impacts of exposure to one large-scale workplace raid that occurred in Sumner, Texas, in August of 2018 on students’ academic and behavioral outcomes. We analyze student absenteeism, academic performance, and school mobility from the 2011–2012 to the 2021–2022 school year, which includes the period prior to and after the Load Trail raid. Our results indicate that there were large and direct consequences associated with the raid for Latinx and English learner students attending schools in four affected counties. In particular, student absenteeism increased markedly following the raid, reading and math test scores declined, and there were sharp increases in the number of students leaving their school districts. This study contributes to the growing body of evidence documenting how acts of community violence such as large-scale workplace raids can corrode institutional trust and severely impact the well-being of immigrants’, their children, and their communities.
{"title":"Immigration and Customs Enforcement Raids the Pillar of a Community: Student Achievement, Absenteeism, and Mobility Following a Large Worksite Enforcement Operation in North Texas","authors":"J. Kirksey, Carolyn Sattin-Bajaj","doi":"10.1177/00027642231215992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642231215992","url":null,"abstract":"The scale and violence of workplace raids distinguish them from other interior enforcement actions, and they warrant careful scrutiny given their power to produce serious immediate and long-term consequences for entire communities with a single act. In this paper, we examine the short- and longer-run impacts of exposure to one large-scale workplace raid that occurred in Sumner, Texas, in August of 2018 on students’ academic and behavioral outcomes. We analyze student absenteeism, academic performance, and school mobility from the 2011–2012 to the 2021–2022 school year, which includes the period prior to and after the Load Trail raid. Our results indicate that there were large and direct consequences associated with the raid for Latinx and English learner students attending schools in four affected counties. In particular, student absenteeism increased markedly following the raid, reading and math test scores declined, and there were sharp increases in the number of students leaving their school districts. This study contributes to the growing body of evidence documenting how acts of community violence such as large-scale workplace raids can corrode institutional trust and severely impact the well-being of immigrants’, their children, and their communities.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"239 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139226413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-28DOI: 10.1177/00027642231214089
Oleg Maltsev
This article provides a comprehensive exploration of counterterrorism, focusing on its intricate sociopsychological and geopolitical dimensions. It draws its foundations from a scientific expedition to Egypt conducted in 2021, which forms the basis for understanding the interplay between civilized and uncivilized societies within the realm of political marketing. By analyzing historical precedents and contemporary cases, it elucidates how terrorism has seamlessly integrated into the fabric of global geopolitics, with private entities now adopting tactics previously exclusive to military and intelligence agencies. The central thesis posits that, despite public condemnation of terrorism, most nations are involved in various degrees of these clandestine activities. At the core of this discussion lies the concept of the “Third Force,” illustrating how territories have historically been manipulated into uncivilized territories to further geopolitical agendas. This concept challenges the conventional replication of counterterrorism strategies worldwide. By unveiling these intricate dynamics, this article not only challenges established norms but also offers a thought-provoking framework for comprehending the complexities of terrorism in the contemporary world.
{"title":"Countering Terrorism: Sociopsychological and Geopolitical Aspects","authors":"Oleg Maltsev","doi":"10.1177/00027642231214089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642231214089","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a comprehensive exploration of counterterrorism, focusing on its intricate sociopsychological and geopolitical dimensions. It draws its foundations from a scientific expedition to Egypt conducted in 2021, which forms the basis for understanding the interplay between civilized and uncivilized societies within the realm of political marketing. By analyzing historical precedents and contemporary cases, it elucidates how terrorism has seamlessly integrated into the fabric of global geopolitics, with private entities now adopting tactics previously exclusive to military and intelligence agencies. The central thesis posits that, despite public condemnation of terrorism, most nations are involved in various degrees of these clandestine activities. At the core of this discussion lies the concept of the “Third Force,” illustrating how territories have historically been manipulated into uncivilized territories to further geopolitical agendas. This concept challenges the conventional replication of counterterrorism strategies worldwide. By unveiling these intricate dynamics, this article not only challenges established norms but also offers a thought-provoking framework for comprehending the complexities of terrorism in the contemporary world.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139220047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-25DOI: 10.1177/00027642231214135
Jerome Krase
Most students of the subject of terrorism are greatly informed by the literature about the diverse causes and impacts of terrorism that is generally described as premeditated politically or ideologically motivated violent acts intended to instill fear in the civilian population to engender political or social change. These studies however, whether historical or theoretical, deal with terrorism at the societal level and provide limited insights into its harmful impacts on the lives of ordinary people at the ground level. In contrast, here the author offers an autoethnography and visual ethnography of his experience and interpretation of “9/11” to bring the experience of terror to a more local and personal level.
{"title":"Terrorism and an Autoethnography of 9/11","authors":"Jerome Krase","doi":"10.1177/00027642231214135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642231214135","url":null,"abstract":"Most students of the subject of terrorism are greatly informed by the literature about the diverse causes and impacts of terrorism that is generally described as premeditated politically or ideologically motivated violent acts intended to instill fear in the civilian population to engender political or social change. These studies however, whether historical or theoretical, deal with terrorism at the societal level and provide limited insights into its harmful impacts on the lives of ordinary people at the ground level. In contrast, here the author offers an autoethnography and visual ethnography of his experience and interpretation of “9/11” to bring the experience of terror to a more local and personal level.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"5 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139237540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-25DOI: 10.1177/00027642231214094
Idris Kadyrkulov
Central Asia is confronted with an escalating menace of international terrorism and religious extremism, with the Kyrgyz Republic emerging as a significant focal point in this context. This article offers a concise historical perspective on terrorist incidents in the region, delving into the underlying causes and motivations driving the proliferation of terrorist and religious extremist ideologies within Kyrgyzstan. The article also underscores the distinct role played by disputed territories among the countries in this region. Furthermore, it examines the legal dimensions of state-level efforts to combat terrorism and extremism, along with the initiatives undertaken by international organizations in addressing this global predicament.
{"title":"Terrorism Challenges and Its Distinct Manifestations in Kyrgyzstan","authors":"Idris Kadyrkulov","doi":"10.1177/00027642231214094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642231214094","url":null,"abstract":"Central Asia is confronted with an escalating menace of international terrorism and religious extremism, with the Kyrgyz Republic emerging as a significant focal point in this context. This article offers a concise historical perspective on terrorist incidents in the region, delving into the underlying causes and motivations driving the proliferation of terrorist and religious extremist ideologies within Kyrgyzstan. The article also underscores the distinct role played by disputed territories among the countries in this region. Furthermore, it examines the legal dimensions of state-level efforts to combat terrorism and extremism, along with the initiatives undertaken by international organizations in addressing this global predicament.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"294 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139236930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-25DOI: 10.1177/00027642231216538
Mirian G. Martinez-Aranda
While existing scholarship examines how Immigration and Customs Enforcement’s (ICE) electronic monitors (EMs) harm immigrants, less is known about the effects of these surveillance technologies on their children. Based on interviews and ethnographic observations with 39 Latin American immigrant parents monitored via EM between 2015 and 2018 in Los Angeles, California, this study asks: How do ICE’s EMs operate as surveillance tools that spill over to impact parent–child relationships and children’s well-being as their parent’s experience criminalization, punishment, and exclusion? The findings demonstrate that this supposedly “humane” alternative to detention and deportation is responsible for distinct childhood distress. Specifically, EMs impact children’s well-being in two ways: by producing fear that parents will be apprehended and deported and by functioning as visual stigmas that signal criminality and engender shame and anger. EMs also deteriorate the quality of children’s relationships in two ways: by inflicting stress and fear upon parents and by contracting children’s social networks because parents shackled to EMs often become a liability to co-ethnic community members.
{"title":"The Impact of Immigration and Customs Enforcement’s Surveillance Technology on the Well-being of the Children of Immigrants","authors":"Mirian G. Martinez-Aranda","doi":"10.1177/00027642231216538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642231216538","url":null,"abstract":"While existing scholarship examines how Immigration and Customs Enforcement’s (ICE) electronic monitors (EMs) harm immigrants, less is known about the effects of these surveillance technologies on their children. Based on interviews and ethnographic observations with 39 Latin American immigrant parents monitored via EM between 2015 and 2018 in Los Angeles, California, this study asks: How do ICE’s EMs operate as surveillance tools that spill over to impact parent–child relationships and children’s well-being as their parent’s experience criminalization, punishment, and exclusion? The findings demonstrate that this supposedly “humane” alternative to detention and deportation is responsible for distinct childhood distress. Specifically, EMs impact children’s well-being in two ways: by producing fear that parents will be apprehended and deported and by functioning as visual stigmas that signal criminality and engender shame and anger. EMs also deteriorate the quality of children’s relationships in two ways: by inflicting stress and fear upon parents and by contracting children’s social networks because parents shackled to EMs often become a liability to co-ethnic community members.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"292 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139237742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-25DOI: 10.1177/00027642231214093
Harvey W. Kushner
This article traces an academician’s transformation with respect to conceptualizing the concept of terrorism. The journey begins with a look back at the education necessary for entrance into the environment of academe. From inside its ivory tower walls, we see the ways that academia treats someone with real experiences gained from dealing directly with terrorism. The September 11, 2001 attacks unlike the 1979 Iranian Revolution bring new interest in the concept of terrorism. But within the academic community, old ways are hard to shake. This forces the academician to go outside the academy to make positions know. Armed with support from Polish and Ukrainian colleagues, the academician’s transformation in conceptualizing terrorism using abductive reasoning is finalized.
{"title":"If It Looks Like Terrorism, Feels Like Terrorism, Acts Like Terrorism, Then It Probably is Terrorism","authors":"Harvey W. Kushner","doi":"10.1177/00027642231214093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642231214093","url":null,"abstract":"This article traces an academician’s transformation with respect to conceptualizing the concept of terrorism. The journey begins with a look back at the education necessary for entrance into the environment of academe. From inside its ivory tower walls, we see the ways that academia treats someone with real experiences gained from dealing directly with terrorism. The September 11, 2001 attacks unlike the 1979 Iranian Revolution bring new interest in the concept of terrorism. But within the academic community, old ways are hard to shake. This forces the academician to go outside the academy to make positions know. Armed with support from Polish and Ukrainian colleagues, the academician’s transformation in conceptualizing terrorism using abductive reasoning is finalized.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"97 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139237205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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