Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.1177/00027642231207078
Hossein Kermani
This study makes a dual contribution to the current literature. First, it examines how Iranian Twitter users framed the COVID-19 crisis in collaborative practice, networked framing. Second, it explores the potential for topic modeling in automated frame identification. The study analyzes a dataset of 4,165,177 tweets collected from Iranian Twittersphere between January 21, 2020 and April 29, 2020. The results indicate that Iranians predominantly framed the pandemic through a political lens and utilized anti-regime networked frames to contest the political system in general and during the pandemic. Furthermore, the study finds that while Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) can accurately identify the most significant networked frames, it may overlook less prominent frames. The research also suggests that LDA performs better with larger datasets and lexical semantics. Lastly, the implications and limitations of the investigation are discussed.
{"title":"Framing the Pandemic on Persian Twitter: Gauging Networked Frames by Topic Modeling","authors":"Hossein Kermani","doi":"10.1177/00027642231207078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642231207078","url":null,"abstract":"This study makes a dual contribution to the current literature. First, it examines how Iranian Twitter users framed the COVID-19 crisis in collaborative practice, networked framing. Second, it explores the potential for topic modeling in automated frame identification. The study analyzes a dataset of 4,165,177 tweets collected from Iranian Twittersphere between January 21, 2020 and April 29, 2020. The results indicate that Iranians predominantly framed the pandemic through a political lens and utilized anti-regime networked frames to contest the political system in general and during the pandemic. Furthermore, the study finds that while Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) can accurately identify the most significant networked frames, it may overlook less prominent frames. The research also suggests that LDA performs better with larger datasets and lexical semantics. Lastly, the implications and limitations of the investigation are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":" 20","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135863702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.1177/00027642231205771
Tim Schatto-Eckrodt, Lena Clever, Lena Frischlich
Planning and designing a study that links content analysis and panel data is a complex endeavor and managing a collaborative research project across multiple organizations involves many hurdles and challenges. Both, the complexity of a linkage design and the challenging nature of a collaborative research project are enhanced by the COVID-19 pandemic, demanding creative solutions for many issues and a lot of planning by the researchers involved. Especially the challenges involved in gathering, storing, analyzing, and accessing data are amplified by the lack of face-to-face contact and standardized technical infrastructure for digital collaborative research projects. This article aims at giving an overview of the technical infrastructure involved in the content analysis part of a large-scale linkage study, providing researchers with a blueprint of the many moving parts involved in the study’s implementation. This overview will be discussed with a reflective eye toward the challenges encountered and solutions found in the process, the added layer of complexity of a global pandemic, and potential learnings for future projects like this.
{"title":"Challenges in Remote Study Design: An Infrastructure Review of a Linkage Study","authors":"Tim Schatto-Eckrodt, Lena Clever, Lena Frischlich","doi":"10.1177/00027642231205771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642231205771","url":null,"abstract":"Planning and designing a study that links content analysis and panel data is a complex endeavor and managing a collaborative research project across multiple organizations involves many hurdles and challenges. Both, the complexity of a linkage design and the challenging nature of a collaborative research project are enhanced by the COVID-19 pandemic, demanding creative solutions for many issues and a lot of planning by the researchers involved. Especially the challenges involved in gathering, storing, analyzing, and accessing data are amplified by the lack of face-to-face contact and standardized technical infrastructure for digital collaborative research projects. This article aims at giving an overview of the technical infrastructure involved in the content analysis part of a large-scale linkage study, providing researchers with a blueprint of the many moving parts involved in the study’s implementation. This overview will be discussed with a reflective eye toward the challenges encountered and solutions found in the process, the added layer of complexity of a global pandemic, and potential learnings for future projects like this.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"220 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136069462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.1177/00027642231205761
Alice Binder, Jörg Matthes, Emese Domahidi, Marko Bachl
During the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers have faced a lot of challenges related to their daily work. This article introduces a special issue of the American Behavioral Scientist, which particularly focuses on methodological challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a brief review of the literature as well as the studies in this issue, we argue that the pandemic has sparked significant methodological innovations with respect to design, data collection, study documentation, and scholarly collaboration. We distinguish two types of innovations, both conceptualized as the outcome of an unprecedented external shock. First, “methodological compromises” that enabled data collection during the pandemic, but are inferior to established approaches. These methodological compromises, therefore, may be abandoned in post-pandemic times. Second, there are also “methodological game changers” that are superior to classic approaches and thus may prevail in the long run. Regardless of the type, we call scholars in the social and behavioral sciences to systematically test, compare, and evaluate the methodological innovations brought to us as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"Moving from Offline to Online: How COVID-19 Affected Research in the Social and Behavioral Sciences","authors":"Alice Binder, Jörg Matthes, Emese Domahidi, Marko Bachl","doi":"10.1177/00027642231205761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642231205761","url":null,"abstract":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers have faced a lot of challenges related to their daily work. This article introduces a special issue of the American Behavioral Scientist, which particularly focuses on methodological challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a brief review of the literature as well as the studies in this issue, we argue that the pandemic has sparked significant methodological innovations with respect to design, data collection, study documentation, and scholarly collaboration. We distinguish two types of innovations, both conceptualized as the outcome of an unprecedented external shock. First, “methodological compromises” that enabled data collection during the pandemic, but are inferior to established approaches. These methodological compromises, therefore, may be abandoned in post-pandemic times. Second, there are also “methodological game changers” that are superior to classic approaches and thus may prevail in the long run. Regardless of the type, we call scholars in the social and behavioral sciences to systematically test, compare, and evaluate the methodological innovations brought to us as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135618869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-14DOI: 10.1177/00027642231205768
Ursula Kristin Schmid, Anna Sophie Kümpel, Diana Rieger
For researchers interested in studying users’ perceptions and immediate reactions to digital media content—even from a distance—this article introduces the remote self-confrontation interview method. This adapted version of the self-confrontation interview method uses videoconferencing software and combines four interrelated steps: First, participants are observed scrolling through/using a stimulus, which allows the assessment of attention, emotional reactions, and the intensity of participants’ engagement. Second, self-confrontation interviews are conducted, discussing and re-evaluating participants’ observed behavior. Third, further research aims are addressed in semi-structured interviews, and fourth, in problem-focused tasks. Weighting up advantages and challenges for participants and researchers, we discuss the method as an effective and broadly applicable approach to examine digital media users’ perceptions and evaluations.
{"title":"The Remote Self-Confrontation Interview Method: Gaining Insights into Users’ Perceptions of Digital Media Content from a Distance","authors":"Ursula Kristin Schmid, Anna Sophie Kümpel, Diana Rieger","doi":"10.1177/00027642231205768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642231205768","url":null,"abstract":"For researchers interested in studying users’ perceptions and immediate reactions to digital media content—even from a distance—this article introduces the remote self-confrontation interview method. This adapted version of the self-confrontation interview method uses videoconferencing software and combines four interrelated steps: First, participants are observed scrolling through/using a stimulus, which allows the assessment of attention, emotional reactions, and the intensity of participants’ engagement. Second, self-confrontation interviews are conducted, discussing and re-evaluating participants’ observed behavior. Third, further research aims are addressed in semi-structured interviews, and fourth, in problem-focused tasks. Weighting up advantages and challenges for participants and researchers, we discuss the method as an effective and broadly applicable approach to examine digital media users’ perceptions and evaluations.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135804340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.1177/00027642231205765
David R. Ewoldsen
Communication scholars demonstrated a remarkable level of methodological creativity to overcome the restrictions on conducting research necessitated by the pandemic. This methodological creativity allowed us to provide answers to many critical questions that arouse during the pandemic. Now the risk is that scholars will diminish data gathered during the pandemic as tainted by pandemic-related confounds. Certainly, the pandemic offered many threats to the internal validity of research, but this should be embraced as an opportunity to learn from these unique confounds to increase the specificity of our theories.
{"title":"Lessons Learned and Simple Hopes: Implications of the Pandemic for Communication Scholarship","authors":"David R. Ewoldsen","doi":"10.1177/00027642231205765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642231205765","url":null,"abstract":"Communication scholars demonstrated a remarkable level of methodological creativity to overcome the restrictions on conducting research necessitated by the pandemic. This methodological creativity allowed us to provide answers to many critical questions that arouse during the pandemic. Now the risk is that scholars will diminish data gathered during the pandemic as tainted by pandemic-related confounds. Certainly, the pandemic offered many threats to the internal validity of research, but this should be embraced as an opportunity to learn from these unique confounds to increase the specificity of our theories.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136358228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.1177/00027642231206326
Paula Stehr, Doreen Reifegerste, Constanze Rossmann, Ann-Kathrin Lindemann, Annett Schulze
To explore the information behavior in the context of child injury prevention, we conducted online focus groups with parents, professional caregivers, and intermediaries as part of a larger project. In this paper, we discuss our qualitative interview design: audiovisual, synchronous online focus groups. To do so, we analyze a crucial methodological issue of focus group interviews: the flow of communication. In our study, three main topics emerged that influenced the flow of communication in online focus groups: (a) communication mode(s), (b) (co-)moderation, and (c) distractions and interjections of other people. We conclude that depending on the research topic and target group, audio-only communication may be advantageous compared to audiovisual communication because lay people may disclose more on sensitive topics. Moreover, the considerate composition of the focus group is essential for participants’ interaction, so that all participants feel they have an important part to contribute to the discussion. Skilled co-moderation is crucial to successfully integrating all participants and evolving communication threads, and dealing with disruptions.
{"title":"Challenges and Opportunities to the Flow of Communication: Online Focus Groups with Parents of Young Children, Professional Caregivers, and Intermediaries","authors":"Paula Stehr, Doreen Reifegerste, Constanze Rossmann, Ann-Kathrin Lindemann, Annett Schulze","doi":"10.1177/00027642231206326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642231206326","url":null,"abstract":"To explore the information behavior in the context of child injury prevention, we conducted online focus groups with parents, professional caregivers, and intermediaries as part of a larger project. In this paper, we discuss our qualitative interview design: audiovisual, synchronous online focus groups. To do so, we analyze a crucial methodological issue of focus group interviews: the flow of communication. In our study, three main topics emerged that influenced the flow of communication in online focus groups: (a) communication mode(s), (b) (co-)moderation, and (c) distractions and interjections of other people. We conclude that depending on the research topic and target group, audio-only communication may be advantageous compared to audiovisual communication because lay people may disclose more on sensitive topics. Moreover, the considerate composition of the focus group is essential for participants’ interaction, so that all participants feel they have an important part to contribute to the discussion. Skilled co-moderation is crucial to successfully integrating all participants and evolving communication threads, and dealing with disruptions.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136255098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.1177/00027642231191747
Laura Barberena
This article argues for academic researchers to adopt new methodologies when studying the U.S. Hispanic population’s political participation and civic engagement. For decades scholars have used sound but limiting approaches to study this diverse and ever-growing population segment. As the number of Hispanics participating in U.S. electoral politics increases, so does the need to better understand their attitudes and behaviors. Hispanics now make up a significant portion of the population in battleground states with key Electoral College votes—most notably in states outside of the Southwest. Over the years, robust quantitative studies have provided great insight into the Hispanic electorate; qualitative studies have aided in this pursuit, though they are more limited in scope and number. The growth of technology has brought forth new forms of interpersonal communication and news consumption among citizens, U.S. Latinos included. Recent changes call for us to reexamine our current research methodologies and consider adopting a mixed methods approach.
{"title":"Studying U.S. Hispanics: Challenges and Opportunities","authors":"Laura Barberena","doi":"10.1177/00027642231191747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642231191747","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues for academic researchers to adopt new methodologies when studying the U.S. Hispanic population’s political participation and civic engagement. For decades scholars have used sound but limiting approaches to study this diverse and ever-growing population segment. As the number of Hispanics participating in U.S. electoral politics increases, so does the need to better understand their attitudes and behaviors. Hispanics now make up a significant portion of the population in battleground states with key Electoral College votes—most notably in states outside of the Southwest. Over the years, robust quantitative studies have provided great insight into the Hispanic electorate; qualitative studies have aided in this pursuit, though they are more limited in scope and number. The growth of technology has brought forth new forms of interpersonal communication and news consumption among citizens, U.S. Latinos included. Recent changes call for us to reexamine our current research methodologies and consider adopting a mixed methods approach.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"332 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135718601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-16DOI: 10.1177/00027642231191749
Luciana Carla Manfredi, Juan Tomas Sayago-Gomez, Pablo Cabanelas
Legitimacy is a must for organizational success. Hence, those organizations able to gain legitimacy can increase effectiveness during periods of crisis or threats. Based on organizational perception management, which focuses its attention on those actions that aim to influence audiences’ perceptions of an organization. This paper presents multiple experiments to understand how different strategies executing verbal accounts can influence people’s perceptions of legitimacy. Results demonstrate that a threatening event will negatively affect legitimacy perception, whatever the response of the organization is. However, verbal accounts are also an important organizational perception management tactic to impact the perceptions of legitimacy during these threatening situations, as a defensive response will have a worse behavior on perceived legitimacy than the accommodative one. Furthermore, the type of event will also have a direct influence on certain dimensions of legitimacy, opening a wide range of actions to be taken depending on the characteristics of the event.
{"title":"Does a Negative Event Impact Legitimacy?","authors":"Luciana Carla Manfredi, Juan Tomas Sayago-Gomez, Pablo Cabanelas","doi":"10.1177/00027642231191749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642231191749","url":null,"abstract":"Legitimacy is a must for organizational success. Hence, those organizations able to gain legitimacy can increase effectiveness during periods of crisis or threats. Based on organizational perception management, which focuses its attention on those actions that aim to influence audiences’ perceptions of an organization. This paper presents multiple experiments to understand how different strategies executing verbal accounts can influence people’s perceptions of legitimacy. Results demonstrate that a threatening event will negatively affect legitimacy perception, whatever the response of the organization is. However, verbal accounts are also an important organizational perception management tactic to impact the perceptions of legitimacy during these threatening situations, as a defensive response will have a worse behavior on perceived legitimacy than the accommodative one. Furthermore, the type of event will also have a direct influence on certain dimensions of legitimacy, opening a wide range of actions to be taken depending on the characteristics of the event.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135307955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1177/00027642231194196
Yvette To
This article examines the roles of commercial agents in driving the wave of emigration from Hong Kong since 2019. Human outflows from Hong Kong in recent years have been supported by a booming migration industry involving property agents, education consultants, financial planners, and tax advisors—the “PEFTs”—whose activities and effects on migration processes have been underappreciated in public discourses. Drawing on interviews with PEFTs in Hong Kong, potential migrants and migrants who have moved to the United Kingdom, as well as field research on activities of the PEFTs, this article argues that the PEFTs, through the products, services, and advice they provide, have created new interest, discussions, and even anticipation and excitement about emigration in Hong Kong. This research has three main findings: first, the PEFTs assume the roles of promotors, facilitators, and problem solvers in migratory processes; second, the ways in which the PEFTs operate cannot be studied in isolation as they are linked to existing structural characteristics of the polity in which they operate; third, the PEFTs have helped create and sustain a migration environment in Hong Kong in which political forces account for only one of the many drivers of emigration.
{"title":"Making Migration Work: The Roles of Commercial Actors in Hong Kong’s Outmigration","authors":"Yvette To","doi":"10.1177/00027642231194196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642231194196","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the roles of commercial agents in driving the wave of emigration from Hong Kong since 2019. Human outflows from Hong Kong in recent years have been supported by a booming migration industry involving property agents, education consultants, financial planners, and tax advisors—the “PEFTs”—whose activities and effects on migration processes have been underappreciated in public discourses. Drawing on interviews with PEFTs in Hong Kong, potential migrants and migrants who have moved to the United Kingdom, as well as field research on activities of the PEFTs, this article argues that the PEFTs, through the products, services, and advice they provide, have created new interest, discussions, and even anticipation and excitement about emigration in Hong Kong. This research has three main findings: first, the PEFTs assume the roles of promotors, facilitators, and problem solvers in migratory processes; second, the ways in which the PEFTs operate cannot be studied in isolation as they are linked to existing structural characteristics of the polity in which they operate; third, the PEFTs have helped create and sustain a migration environment in Hong Kong in which political forces account for only one of the many drivers of emigration.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135878728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.1177/00027642231195807
Alireza Raisi
The article examines the determinants of the government’s approval in responding to the COVID-19 outbreak in the MENA region. A preliminary examination of public opinion polls demonstrates that trust in the government is the major determinant of satisfaction with the government’s handling of the crisis. In addition, the government approval improved over time in some countries challenging the rallying around the flag explanation. The impact of economic insecurity is mixed and inconsistent across the countries of the MENA region. In countries with an economic crisis such as Lebanon, economic hardship resulting from the pandemic affected the government approval of the crisis. Yet, in other countries, economic insecurity does not impact the government’s approval of the crisis. The findings of the article have important implications for understanding what constitutes effective leadership in addressing the pandemic at the state and regional levels and how external shocks influence state–society relations in authoritarian regimes.
{"title":"Sources of Government Approval During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the MENA: Economic Security or Trust?","authors":"Alireza Raisi","doi":"10.1177/00027642231195807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642231195807","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the determinants of the government’s approval in responding to the COVID-19 outbreak in the MENA region. A preliminary examination of public opinion polls demonstrates that trust in the government is the major determinant of satisfaction with the government’s handling of the crisis. In addition, the government approval improved over time in some countries challenging the rallying around the flag explanation. The impact of economic insecurity is mixed and inconsistent across the countries of the MENA region. In countries with an economic crisis such as Lebanon, economic hardship resulting from the pandemic affected the government approval of the crisis. Yet, in other countries, economic insecurity does not impact the government’s approval of the crisis. The findings of the article have important implications for understanding what constitutes effective leadership in addressing the pandemic at the state and regional levels and how external shocks influence state–society relations in authoritarian regimes.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43485784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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