International Journal of Drug Policy最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and engagement with healthcare services for hepatitis B infection among people in prison in Australia: the AusHep study","authors":"Chloe Montague,&nbsp;Rugiatu Bah,&nbsp;Yumi Sheehan,&nbsp;Xiaoying Li,&nbsp;Gregory J Dore,&nbsp;Jason Grebely,&nbsp;Andrew R Lloyd,&nbsp;Behzad Hajarizadeh,&nbsp;AusHep study group","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>People in prison are at increased risk of bloodborne virus (BBV) infections, including hepatitis B virus (HBV). This study evaluated HBV prevalence, and history of testing, treatment and vaccination among people in Australian prisons.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>The AusHep study was a bio-behavioral survey (2022–23) among randomly selected individuals from 23 representative Australian prisons. Participants were tested for BBVs, including HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). Demographics, risk behaviors, and previous HBV testing, treatment and vaccination data were collected through interview-based surveys.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 1599 participants were enrolled (89 % male; median age 35 years, 49 % First Nations people). National HBsAg prevalence (weighted estimate) was 0.52 % (95 %CI: 0.25–1.10), overall, including 1.03 % (95 %CI: 0.51–2.08) among First Nations people, 2.26 % (95 %CI: 0.44–10.75) among non-First Nations people born in moderate/high prevalence countries, and 0.02 % (95 %CI: 0.00–10.75) among non-First Nations people born in low prevalence countries (including Australia). The odds of HBV infection (i.e., HBsAg-positive) was greater among First Nations people [adjusted OR (aOR): 4.68, 95 %CI: 1.35–16.24], and lower among people with a history of injecting drug use (aOR: 0.15, 95 %CI: 0.04–0.54). Among all participants, 48.5 % (95 %CI: 45.3-51.7) reported a history of HBV testing (42.0 % in prison), with testing most likely among people with a history of injecting drugs (aOR: 3.82, 95 %CI: 2.80–5.23). Among 15 HBsAg-positive participants, four reported receiving HBV treatment. Among 1584 HBsAg-negative participants, 41.9 % (95 %CI: 38.8–45.1) reported receiving HBV vaccination (24.2 % received ≥3 doses, 28.9 % received their latest dose in prison).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>HBsAg prevalence was low overall, but disproportionately higher among First Nations people and people born overseas. Lower likelihood of HBV in people injecting drugs might be explained by higher chance of spontaneous clearance in adulthood or high-coverage HBV vaccination programs for children and adolescents, and subsequent immunity in many people by the time they start injecting drugs. Prison-based HBV testing uptake and vaccination coverage were sub-optimal. Targeted, jurisdiction- and population-specific strategies are needed to improve prison-based HBV care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 105035"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145402542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining a threshold for higher potency cannabis products in legal markets","authors":"Tom P. Freeman,&nbsp;Rachel Lees Thorne,&nbsp;Elle Wadsworth","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 105038"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145402539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives on prescribed safer supply programs among people who inject drugs in Baltimore, Maryland: A mixed methods study among individuals highly affected by drug toxicity","authors":"Danielle German ,&nbsp;Adrian Guta ,&nbsp;Meredith Denney ,&nbsp;Julie Evans ,&nbsp;Mollie McMahon ,&nbsp;Kim Ashburn ,&nbsp;Kelci Reiss ,&nbsp;Zachary Kosinski ,&nbsp;Becky Genberg","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To explore interest in, perspectives on, and implementation considerations for prescribed safer supply programs among people who inject drugs in the U.S.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Rapid mixed methods assessment May – June 2024 in Baltimore, Maryland, using respondent driven and criterion sampling among people reporting past year drug injection. Interviewer-administered surveys (<em>n</em> = 300) and explanatory embedded in-depth interviews (<em>n</em> = 26). Analysis of prescribed safer supply interest and implementation considerations included descriptive quantitative analysis, thematic qualitative analysis, and mixed methods joint display.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Using estimated population-level data, 87% (95% C.I. 77.0 - 95.9) were interested in participating in prescribed safer supply if available and legal. Interest was highest among older and unhoused participants and strongly associated with specific implementation preferences. Qualitative data revealed three explanations: Safety from overdose and other hazards of unpredictable street drugs; Reduced drug market crime and violence; and Life stability due to managed use and regular services.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and policy implications</h3><div>This study suggests strong acceptability of prescribed safer supply to address the U.S. opioid crisis, including overdose, violence, and associated healthcare costs. We recommend further U.S. research and pilot projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 105031"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145394189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aging and street capital: Older men’s status and strategies in street culture","authors":"Olivia Liahaugen Flensburg,&nbsp;Torkel Richert,&nbsp;Åsa Alftberg","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The growing population of older adults with long-term drug use has been largely overlooked in research. While most research on street culture have focused on younger men, the experiences of aging within these environments have received limited attention. This study seeks to address that gap.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted 20 semi-structured interviews with men aged 55 or older with current and long-term drug use, in Malmö, Sweden. The data were analyzed using a thematic approach.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our analysis identified three overarching themes that illustrate the men’s status and strategies within street culture: (1) Mastering the game – Age as street capital: The men often viewed older age as an asset, associating it with accumulated knowledge and respect within street culture. (2) Staying in the game – Adapting to aging: Some men described adapting their methods of obtaining money and drugs in response to age-related changes. (3) Leaving the game – Withdrawal and marginalization: Others distanced themselves from people and activities within street culture.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings show how aging reshapes older men’s status, relationships, and survival strategies within street culture, revealing both resilience and vulnerability. Aging, in this context, is understood as a social process, emphasizing its significance within street culture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 105036"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145365173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of increased criminal penalties for fentanyl possession on initiation and retention on medications for opioid use disorder in Colorado","authors":"Xiaoyu Guan ,&nbsp;Cole Jurecka ,&nbsp;Pranav Padmanabhan ,&nbsp;Kristina Yamkovoy ,&nbsp;Paul J. Christine ,&nbsp;Ingrid A. Binswanger ,&nbsp;Jason M. Glanz ,&nbsp;Danielle M. Kline ,&nbsp;Joshua A. Barocas","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To assess the impact of HB 22-1326, a state law increasing criminal penalties for fentanyl possession, on buprenorphine and methadone initiation and retention.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Interrupted time series without control</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>The state of Colorado</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>We analyzed Colorado buprenorphine and methadone dispensing data for individuals aged 18–64 years from January 2018 to December 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Intervention</h3><div>Colorado House Bill 1326 (HB-1326), which increased criminal penalties for fentanyl possession in July 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Measurements</h3><div>Monthly initiation and 180-day retention rates for buprenorphine and methadone pre- and post-HB 22-1326.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>For buprenorphine initiation rates, there were no statistically significant post-implementation level or slope changes, relative to an increasing pre-implementation trend. Methadone initiation rates showed similarly no statistically significant post-implementation changes, following an increasing pre-implementation trend. For buprenorphine retention rates, there were no statistically significant post-implementation level or slope changes, relative to a flat pre-implementation trend. For methadone retention rates, the post-implementation trend showed a statistically significant slope decrease (5.3% per month; 95% CI = -7.2%, -3.4%), relative to a decreasing pre-implementation trend. However, this finding was not robust in the sensitivity analysis that applied alternative assumptions for missing discharge dates.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Increased criminal penalties for fentanyl possession may not yield meaningful changes in MOUD initiation or retention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 105037"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145340936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining social identity transition from a relational perspective: a qualitative study across treatment and non-treatment pathways","authors":"Florian De Meyer ,&nbsp;Clara De Ruysscher ,&nbsp;Emily Alden Hennessy ,&nbsp;Sara Rowaert ,&nbsp;Griet Roets ,&nbsp;Samuel F. Acuff ,&nbsp;Wouter Vanderplasschen","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Relational rather than individualistic understandings of recovery in the context of alcohol and other drug (AOD) problems have gained recognition. Social identity models, such as the Social Identity Model of Recovery (SIMOR) highlight recovery as a process of social identity transformation. However, these developments are primarily grounded in treatment and peer support settings, potentially underemphasizing the complex dynamics of social identity processes across alternative recovery pathways. Informed by critical drug studies and a relational recovery perspective, the current study contributes to a more nuanced and contextually sensitive understanding of social identity processes across diverse recovery pathways.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study consists of a secondary thematic analysis of two independently collected datasets comprising in-depth interviews of participants in addiction recovery with (<em>n</em> = 15) and without (<em>n</em> = 15) addiction treatment histories. SIMOR was used as a sensitizing concept for the analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Three themes emerged from the analysis: (1) <em>Substance use and narrowing networks</em>: participants often experienced reduced social ties while experiencing AOD problems, though not universally or completely; (2) <em>Transformations in social networks during recovery</em>: recovery coincided with shifts in social networks, including redefined relationships with people who use drugs (PWUD) and the development of multiple identities; and (3) <em>Accessibility of social identities</em>: highlighting the role of stigma, difference, and structural factors in shaping connection and belonging.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings support a relational and pluralistic approach to recovery and social identity. This approach challenges normative assumptions and acknowledges diversity and social complexity in recovery trajectories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 105034"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145349416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Registration and multiple outcome testing in the healing communities study","authors":"Dennis M. Gorman ,&nbsp;Ben G. Fitzpatrick","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The HEALing Communities Study (HCS) is a randomized control trial that began with one prespecified, registered opioid overdose outcome. Just before the study began, three additional overdose outcomes were described in a public protocol. After the study had commenced data collection, two documents were published that described more than 20 additional sub-measures. Following the reporting of a null result for the registered primary outcome, investigators from the HCS team delved into these documents and published papers reporting isolated statistically significant results. Statistical tests of these 20-plus outcomes should be considered a family of tests pertaining to the effects of the HCS intervention on drug overdose events and deaths and the family-wise error rate corrected when presenting <em>P</em>-values. Like most trials published in academic journals, the HCS researchers have not corrected for multiplicity in their data analyses of these outcomes and the conclusions drawn about the effectiveness of the intervention are likely based on results that are subject to Type I error. The best point in the academic production process at which to correct these problems is journal peer review. Journal editors could limit the type of causal inferences investigators can draw from exploratory analyses in the discussion section of a paper, require them to conduct corrections for multiplicity and/or clearly distinguish any uncorrected <em>P</em>-values from corrected ones, and only permit reporting of effect estimates and confidence intervals for secondary outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 105028"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using discarded packs collection to estimate illicit trade in Colombia","authors":"Norman Maldonado ,&nbsp;Blanca Llorente ,&nbsp;Juan Camilo Herrera ,&nbsp;Paul Rodríguez-Lesmes ,&nbsp;Victoria Soto ,&nbsp;Laura Romero ,&nbsp;Ignacio Finot ,&nbsp;Guillermo Paraje","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The last time tobacco taxes increased in Colombia was in 2017. After this increase, the tax burden on the most-sold brand has decreased. In the meantime, Colombia has undergone significant changes in its political context.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study employed a litter-pack methodology in Colombia to estimate the prevalence of illicit cigarette trade in five cities (Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, Cartagena, and Cúcuta), which represent 37 % of the total urban population and 56.1 % of the urban smoking population in the country. A weighted probabilistic sampling approach with two stages was utilised. Smoking rates for each city in census areas were estimated using data from the 2019 National Substance Use Survey and the 2018 Census, applying logistic regression. Census areas were grouped by the density of people who smoke tobacco, and random starting points were selected. Structured analyses identified key attributes of cigarette packs for both legal and illicit products, including brand, health warnings, and origin.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Illicit trade accounted for 16.9 % of total cigarette consumption across the five cities. Levels varied significantly, ranging from 6.6 % in Bogotá to 73.7 % in Cúcuta (on the border with Venezuela). Over half of the illicit cigarette packs lacked country-of-origin information, with leading brands, like Rumba or Carnival, often displaying inconsistent or missing country details.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Contrary to industry claims, the variations in illicit trade penetration across cities suggest that common factors, such as taxes, cannot fully account for the growth of illicit trade. Other variables, such as security and political issues, may decisively affect such a penetration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 105032"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing violation of local cannabis delivery bans prior to enactment of California’s Senate Bill 1186","authors":"David S. Timberlake ,&nbsp;Julian Aviles ,&nbsp;Bethany J. Simard ,&nbsp;Alisa A. Padon ,&nbsp;Aurash J. Soroosh ,&nbsp;Lynn D. Silver","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>One of the few studies on cannabis home deliveries reported that 97 % of census block groups in California were reached by a cannabis delivery business. This suggests but does not prove that many cannabis deliverers are violating local delivery bans throughout the state. This study estimated the extent of such violations to assess the need for enforcing local bans on non-medical cannabis delivery and the relevance of expanding home deliveries of medical cannabis to any part of California (i.e. Senate Bill (SB) 1186).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Adults who used cannabis in the past month were selected from the 2021 and 2022 California Health Interview Surveys (<em>n</em> = 6841). Delivery policies affecting study participants were determined by linking residential coordinates and corresponding jurisdictions to the California Cannabis Local Laws database. Associations between delivery policy and use of a delivery service were tested in logit models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The two principal findings were the high percentage of deliveries to banned jurisdictions (37.6 %) and the null association between a delivery ban and use of a delivery service (aOR=1.01(0.75,1.35)). Although exclusive medical users had significantly greater odds of home delivery than non-medical cannabis users (aOR=1.93(1.28, 2.91); <em>p</em> &lt; .01), the association was not moderated by delivery policy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Violation of local cannabis delivery bans was common practice in California in 2021 and 2022. While subsequent enactment of Senate Bill 1186 reduced local delivery restrictions on medical cannabis, delivery bans on non-medical cannabis remain common. Thus, jurisdictions that ban the activity should consider greater enforcement of delivery laws.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 105019"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growing pains: A study of administrative burden and regulatory compliance in German Cannabis Cultivation Associations under the Cannabis Act","authors":"Magnus Lyngdorf Utzon,&nbsp;Sinikka Lehmann Kvamme,&nbsp;Birgitte Thylstrup","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Germany’s Cannabis Act (the Act) introduced Cannabis Cultivation Associations (CCAs), a subtype of Cannabis Social Clubs (CSCs) that collectively cultivates cannabis for registered members. Prior research highlights CSCs harm–reduction potential and challenges faced under formal regulation, like in Uruguay. The Act aims to promote harm reduction and youth protection, and to reduce the illicit market.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This study investigates the challenges faced by CCAs in the early phase of the Act’s implementation. Drawing on Administrative Burden and Regulatory Compliance Theory, it examines how burdens and compliance issues shape the establishment and operation of CCAs, and in turn affect the realisation of the law’s stated policy goals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were collected through a primarily qualitative mixed–methods approach, combining survey responses from 32 CCAs with seven semi–structured interviews with CCA representatives. Survey data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and interview data were coded and analysed thematically.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study identifies eight challenges in establishing and operating a CCA: (1) the need for a ‘passionate entrepreneur’, (2) funding and financial risk, (3) finding suitable facilities, (4) obtaining a cultivation license, (5) unclear legal terminology, (6) the 200–metre rule, (7) ban on on–site consumption, and (8) stigma.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings suggest that these challenges create substantial barriers to establishing and operating a CCA, thereby limiting the CCA potential for harm reduction, youth protection, and black–market displacement. Policy adjustments and clearer administrative support structures are needed to prevent exclusion, broaden participation, and support implementation of the Act’s objectives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 105027"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145287252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}