International Journal of Drug Policy最新文献_第9页

A response to Weatherburn et al. (2025) ‘Risky alcohol use and violence against women: cause or consequence?’ 对Weatherburn等人（2025年）的《危险饮酒和对妇女的暴力行为：原因还是后果？》”

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105077

Megan Cook, Amy Pennay, Sarah Callinan

引用次数: 0

Quantitative controls on the number and/or location of alcohol retail outlets: an overview of approaches in the USA and Canada 酒精零售网点数量和/或位置的定量控制：美国和加拿大方法概述。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105075

Robyn Burton , Pamela Trangenstein , Megan Cook , Niamh Fitzgerald , James Nicholls

Background

Regulatory approaches to alcohol availability vary widely, yet policies that control the number or location of alcohol retail outlets remain under-documented. This study aimed to identify and describe these approaches across jurisdictions in the USA and Canada.

Methods

A two-stage document analysis was conducted for all 50 states, 10 Canadian provinces, and three Canadian territories (jurisdictions). Relevant legislative documents were identified and reviewed, with data extracted on policies establishing quantitative thresholds on either total outlet numbers (including outright prohibition), outlets numbers per population, distances between alcohol retail outlets, or distances between alcohol retail outlets and sensitive locations such as schools. Data collection took place between March and May 2024.

Results

Among 63 jurisdictions, 56 (88.9 %) used at least one approach to limiting the number and/or location of alcohol retail outlets, with 39 (61.9 %) using two or more. The most common approach (63.5 % of jurisdictions) was limiting minimum distances between outlets and specific locations, such as schools or places-of-worship. Population-based limits on outlet density were used by 44.4 % of jurisdictions, but thresholds varied substantially, (e.g. from 1.36 to 200 outlets per 100,000 population for on-sales, and 5.00 to 200 per 100,000 population for off-sales). Nearly half of all jurisdictions (47.6 %) had at least one dry county or area, while a smaller proportion (17.5 %) set minimum distances between outlets to prevent clustering. Fixed caps on the absolute number of outlets, regardless of population size, were least common (12.7 %).

Conclusion

Quantitative controls on the number and/or location of alcohol retail outlets are widely used across the USA and Canada but vary significantly in structure and stringency. While some jurisdictions impose multiple controls, others apply none. Understanding these policy approaches provides insight into regulatory frameworks but does not indicate enforcement levels or public health impact. Further research could examine how these measures are implemented and whether different models influence alcohol availability.

背景：对酒精供应的监管方法差异很大，但控制酒精零售网点数量或地点的政策仍未得到充分记录。本研究旨在识别和描述美国和加拿大各司法管辖区的这些方法。方法：对所有50个州、加拿大10个省和加拿大3个地区（管辖区）进行了两阶段的文献分析。对相关立法文件进行了鉴定和审查，并提取了有关政策方面的数据，这些政策建立了定量阈值，包括销售点总数（包括完全禁止）、人均销售点数量、酒类零售网点之间的距离或酒类零售网点与学校等敏感地点之间的距离。数据收集于2024年3月至5月进行。结果：在63个司法管辖区中，56个（88.9%）使用了至少一种方法来限制酒类零售店的数量和/或位置，39个（61.9%）使用了两种或两种以上。最常见的做法（63.5%的司法管辖区）是限制销售点与特定地点（如学校或礼拜场所）之间的最小距离。44.4%的司法管辖区采用了基于人口的门店密度限制，但阈值差异很大（例如，每10万人口中有1.36至200家门店进行销售，每10万人口中有5.00至200家门店进行销售）。近一半的司法管辖区（47.6%）至少有一个干旱县或地区，而较小比例（17.5%）设置了网点之间的最小距离以防止聚集。无论人口规模大小，对门店绝对数量设定上限的做法最不常见（12.7%）。结论：酒精零售店数量和/或位置的定量控制在美国和加拿大广泛使用，但在结构和严格程度上差异很大。虽然一些司法管辖区实施多种控制措施，但其他司法管辖区则没有。了解这些政策方法有助于深入了解监管框架，但不能表明执法水平或公共卫生影响。进一步的研究可以检验这些措施是如何实施的，以及不同的模式是否会影响酒精的供应。

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引用次数: 0

Young adults’ sourcing and supply of opioids in a changing drug market 年轻人在不断变化的毒品市场中寻找和供应阿片类药物

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105072

Maj Nygaard-Christensen , Thomas Friis Søgaard , Esben Houborg , Birgitte Thylstrup

Background

In Denmark, rising concern over young people’s non-prescribed use of opioids such as tramadol and oxycodone has fueled media narratives invoking predatory suppliers and vulnerable youth, with a key emphasis on kiosks and social media as venues that make opioids immediately accessible to young people. To inform effective policy responses, more nuanced, empirically grounded understandings of youth opioid sourcing are needed.

Methods

The article draws on qualitative data from a Danish study on non-prescribed use of tramadol and oxycodone among treatment-enrolled young adults and stakeholders in prevention and treatment. We analyze interviews with 30 young adults (20 male, 10 female, aged 18–32, median age 24.2) enrolled in municipal opioid agonist treatment (OAT) across eight municipalities. Interviews explored pathways into use, treatment experiences, and sourcing practices. This analysis centers on data related to acquisition, with attention to the role of social networks in facilitating access to non-prescribed opioids.

Results

Participants were predominantly young adults with prior experience of illegal drug use, often involving early initiation and poly-drug experimentation. The majority were introduced to opioids by friends or acquaintances and continued sourcing opioids through social networks, in addition to kiosks, online platforms, and prescriptions. Several participants had also engaged in small-scale sales or smuggling, often through existing relationships or to support their own use. Fluid boundaries between use and supply were common.

Conclusion

The study shows that young adults access opioids from a variety of sources that often start with sourcing opioids through social networks, especially during the early stages of use. These insights call for nuanced prevention strategies that move beyond individual consumer models and address the complex social dynamics of non-prescribed opioid access and use.

在丹麦，人们对年轻人非处方使用曲马多和羟考酮等阿片类药物的担忧日益加剧，这引发了媒体对掠夺性供应商和弱势青年的报道，重点强调信息亭和社交媒体是年轻人立即获得阿片类药物的场所。为了为有效的政策反应提供信息，需要对青年阿片类药物来源进行更细致入微的、基于经验的理解。方法：本文借鉴了丹麦一项关于曲马多和羟考酮在接受治疗的年轻人和预防和治疗利益相关者中非处方使用的定性研究数据。我们分析了来自8个城市的30名年轻人（20名男性，10名女性，年龄18-32岁，中位年龄24.2岁）参加了阿片类药物激动剂治疗（OAT）。访谈探讨了使用途径、治疗经验和采购实践。该分析以获取相关数据为中心，关注社交网络在促进获取非处方阿片类药物方面的作用。结果参与者主要是有非法药物使用经验的年轻人，通常涉及早期开始和多种药物实验。大多数人是由朋友或熟人介绍给阿片类药物的，除了信息亭、在线平台和处方外，他们还继续通过社交网络采购阿片类药物。一些参与者还从事小规模的销售或走私，往往是通过现有的关系或为了支持自己的使用。使用和供应之间不固定的界限很常见。研究表明，年轻人获得阿片类药物的来源多种多样，通常是从社交网络开始的，尤其是在使用的早期阶段。这些见解要求采取细致入微的预防策略，超越个人消费者模式，解决非处方阿片类药物获取和使用的复杂社会动态。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring THC labelling preferences to communicate the strength of cannabis products: Insights from U.S. consumers 探索四氢大麻酚标签偏好以传达大麻产品的强度：来自美国消费者的见解。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105076

Danielle Dawson , Wayne Hall , Isabella Goodwin , Beatriz H. Carlini , Dan I. Lubman , David Hammond , Tom P Freeman , Valentina Lorenzetti

Background: As cannabis policies have become more liberalized internationally, cannabis products have become increasingly accessible, diversified and potent as indicated by the amount of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) they contain. The THC content of cannabis products is often inconsistently reported, limiting opportunities to inform consumers about health risks and safer consumption practices. We explored consumers’ preferences on the type of THC information (i.e., standard units, concentration, total content) that should be displayed on cannabis products in legal markets. Methods: A convenience sample of 575 adults from various U.S. states who reported cannabis use within the past 12 months was recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Respondents completed a survey assessing cannabis use and related attitudes, which included a subsection focused on potential metrics that could be used to report THC content. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted. Results: Majority of respondents considered it important for cannabis products to include information on Standard THC Units (e.g., 5 milligrams of THC), THC concentration (%), or the total content of THC on cannabis product labels. When comparing Standard THC Units, THC concentration or both options, Standard THC Units were the preferred metric, p<.001. Consumer preferences for these three metrics did not signficantly differ across U.S. state cannabis policy environments, sex, and frequency of cannabis use when compared using multinomial logistic regression. Conclusions: These exploratory findings preliminarily support the potential value of standardized THC dose labelling, particularly in the form of a standardized metric such as the Standard THC Unit, as a tool to better inform consumer decision-making and promote safer patterns of use. The findings require replication in more representative samples using additional THC metrics, including but not limited to, THC milligrams as a response option.

背景：随着大麻政策在国际上变得更加自由化，大麻产品变得越来越容易获得、多样化和有效，其所含的德尔塔-9-四氢大麻酚（THC）的含量表明了这一点。大麻产品中四氢大麻酚含量的报告往往不一致，限制了向消费者通报健康风险和更安全消费做法的机会。我们探讨了消费者对合法市场上大麻产品上应该显示的四氢大麻酚信息类型（即标准单位、浓度、总含量）的偏好。方法：通过亚马逊土耳其机器人招募了来自美国各州的575名报告在过去12个月内使用大麻的成年人作为方便样本。受访者完成了一项评估大麻使用情况和相关态度的调查，其中包括一项侧重于可用于报告四氢大麻酚含量的潜在指标的分节。进行描述性和推断性统计分析。结果：大多数答复者认为大麻产品必须在大麻产品标签上包括四氢大麻酚标准单位（例如，五毫克四氢大麻酚）、四氢大麻酚浓度（%）或四氢大麻酚总含量的信息。在比较标准四氢大麻酚单位、四氢大麻酚浓度或两者的选择时，标准四氢大麻酚单位是首选的度量单位。结论：这些探索性发现初步支持了标准化四氢大麻酚剂量标签的潜在价值，特别是以标准四氢大麻酚单位等标准化度量单位的形式，作为更好地告知消费者决策和促进更安全使用模式的工具。研究结果需要在更有代表性的样本中使用额外的四氢大麻酚指标进行复制，包括但不限于四氢大麻酚毫克作为响应选项。

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引用次数: 0

Fentanyl test strip use and homelessness among people who use drugs in Rhode Island 芬太尼试纸的使用和罗得岛州吸毒者的无家可归。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105081

Julia E. Noguchi , Yu Li , Carolyn J. Park , Jacqueline E. Goldman , Leah C. Shaw , Jane A. Buxton , Scott E. Hadland , Susan G. Sherman , Katie B. Biello , Brandon D.L. Marshall

Background

People experiencing homelessness have been disproportionately affected by the overdose crisis in the United States. We assessed whether an association exists between homelessness and fentanyl test strip (FTS) use to avoid drug overdose among people who use drugs in Rhode Island.

Methods

We recruited 505 participants aged 18–65 from September 2020 to February 2023 as part of the Rhode Island Prescription Illicit Drug Study (RAPIDS). Baseline data assessed correlates of past-month FTS use through bivariate and multivariable analyses. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) to estimate the longitudinal association between past-month homelessness and FTS use over 12 months.

Results

At baseline, 19.3 % of the sample reported having used FTS in the past month, which was more commonly reported by those who were experiencing homelessness (22.6 %) compared to those who were housed (14.4 %), p = 0.021. In bivariable GEE analysis, past month homelessness was not associated with past-month FTS use (OR=1.22, 95 %CI: 0.95-–1.56, p = 0.117). In multivariable GEE analysis, homelessness was not associated with FTS use, but regular use of crystal methamphetamine was (aOR = 2.13, 95 %CI: 1.42–3.19; p < 0.001). The odds of FTS use among persons recruited in 2023 increased by 165 % (aOR=2.65, 95 %CI: 1.22–5.76; p < 0.001) compared to those recruited in 2020.

Conclusions

We found that housing status was not independently and longitudinally associated with FTS use; however, people who used crystal methamphetamine were more than twice as likely to have used FTS in the past month. Future research exploring how differential housing situations may affect uptake of harm reduction services is needed to prevent fentanyl overdose.

背景：在美国，无家可归的人受到过量危机的影响不成比例。我们评估了无家可归与使用芬太尼试纸（FTS）以避免罗德岛吸毒者吸毒过量之间是否存在关联。方法：我们从2020年9月至2023年2月招募了505名年龄在18-65岁之间的参与者，作为罗德岛处方非法药物研究（RAPIDS）的一部分。基线数据通过双变量和多变量分析评估了过去一个月FTS使用的相关性。我们使用广义估计方程（GEE）来估计过去一个月的无家可归与12个月内FTS使用之间的纵向关联。结果：在基线时，19.3%的样本报告在过去一个月使用过FTS，与有住房的人（14.4%）相比，无家可归的人（22.6%）报告的频率更高，p = 0.021。在双变量GEE分析中，上个月的无家可归与上个月的FTS使用无关（OR=1.22, 95% CI: 0.95—1.56,p = 0.117）。在多变量GEE分析中，无家可归与FTS使用无关，但经常使用晶体甲基苯丙胺（aOR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.42-3.19; p < 0.001）。与2020年招募的人相比，2023年招募的人使用FTS的几率增加了165% （aOR=2.65, 95% CI: 1.22-5.76; p < 0.001）。结论：我们发现住房状况与FTS的使用没有独立的纵向关系；然而，在过去一个月里，使用冰毒的人使用FTS的可能性是使用冰毒的两倍多。未来的研究需要探索不同的住房情况如何影响减少危害服务的吸收，以防止芬太尼过量。

{"title":"Fentanyl test strip use and homelessness among people who use drugs in Rhode Island","authors":"Julia E. Noguchi , Yu Li , Carolyn J. Park , Jacqueline E. Goldman , Leah C. Shaw , Jane A. Buxton , Scott E. Hadland , Susan G. Sherman , Katie B. Biello , Brandon D.L. Marshall","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>People experiencing homelessness have been disproportionately affected by the overdose crisis in the United States. We assessed whether an association exists between homelessness and fentanyl test strip (FTS) use to avoid drug overdose among people who use drugs in Rhode Island.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We recruited 505 participants aged 18–65 from September 2020 to February 2023 as part of the Rhode Island Prescription Illicit Drug Study (RAPIDS). Baseline data assessed correlates of past-month FTS use through bivariate and multivariable analyses. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) to estimate the longitudinal association between past-month homelessness and FTS use over 12 months.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At baseline, 19.3 % of the sample reported having used FTS in the past month, which was more commonly reported by those who were experiencing homelessness (22.6 %) compared to those who were housed (14.4 %), <em>p</em> = 0.021. In bivariable GEE analysis, past month homelessness was not associated with past-month FTS use (OR=1.22, 95 %CI: 0.95-–1.56, <em>p</em> = 0.117). In multivariable GEE analysis, homelessness was not associated with FTS use, but regular use of crystal methamphetamine was (aOR = 2.13, 95 %CI: 1.42–3.19; <em>p</em> < 0.001). The odds of FTS use among persons recruited in 2023 increased by 165 % (aOR=2.65, 95 %CI: 1.22–5.76; <em>p</em> < 0.001) compared to those recruited in 2020.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We found that housing status was not independently and longitudinally associated with FTS use; however, people who used crystal methamphetamine were more than twice as likely to have used FTS in the past month. Future research exploring how differential housing situations may affect uptake of harm reduction services is needed to prevent fentanyl overdose.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 105081"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145745241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Second-wave mutual-help groups: Examining effectiveness for individuals with alcohol use disorders in the longitudinal, U.S. national PAL Study cohorts 第二波互助小组：在美国国家PAL纵向研究队列中检查酒精使用障碍个体的有效性。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104921

Sarah E. Zemore , Camillia K. Lui , Amy A. Mericle , Libo Li , Priscilla Martinez , Christine Timko

Background

Second-wave mutual-help groups (MHGs) for addiction (e.g., SMART Recovery) are prevalent and promising, but limited studies have examined their effectiveness. We examined 1) the comparative effectiveness of second-wave MHGs for supporting alcohol use disorder recovery and 2) correlates of MHG involvement.

Methods

Data were pooled from the Peer ALternatives for Addiction (PAL) Study 2015 and 2021 Cohorts (N = 1152), which recruited adults via collaboration with MHG directors and recovery-related organizations. Eligibility criteria included U.S. residence, lifetime alcohol use disorder, and past-30-day in-person/online attendance at Women for Sobriety, LifeRing, SMART, and/or a 12-step group. Surveys were administered at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months (response rates=81–88 %), and assessed MHG choice (defined using attendance), MHG involvement (5-item scale; e.g., regular/home group, volunteering/service) and alcohol outcomes (below).

Results

In lagged, multivariate generalized estimating equations, greater MHG involvement strongly predicted higher odds of alcohol abstinence (OR=2.62, p<.001), lower odds of alcohol problems (OR=0.39, p<.01), and fewer drinking days (IRR=0.12, p<.001) at follow-ups. MHG choice was unrelated to outcomes either alone or in interaction with MHG involvement, suggesting comparable effectiveness for all second-wave MHGs (vs. 12-step). Predictors of greater MHG involvement included older age, a total abstinence (vs. other) goal, and 2015 (vs. 2021) Cohort.

Conclusions

Findings suggest comparable effectiveness for the targeted second-wave alternatives (vs. 12-step) among community members attending MHGs, indicating that alcohol service providers, courts, and policymakers should consider referring to and supporting these alternatives. Still, variation in SMART’s program across time and geography suggests caution in interpreting the results for SMART.

背景：针对成瘾的第二波互助小组（MHGs）（例如SMART Recovery）很普遍，也很有前景，但对其有效性的研究有限。我们检验了1)第二波MHG在支持酒精使用障碍康复方面的相对有效性和2)MHG参与的相关关系。方法：数据汇集自2015年和2021年同伴替代成瘾研究（PAL）队列（N = 1152），该队列通过与MHG主管和康复相关组织合作招募成年人。入选标准包括居住在美国，终生酒精使用障碍，过去30天亲自或在线参加妇女戒酒、生活、SMART和/或12步小组。调查在基线、6个月和12个月进行（应答率=81- 88%），并评估MHG选择（使用出勤率定义）、MHG参与(5项量表；例如，常规/家庭小组，志愿服务/服务)和酒精结果（见下文）。结果：在滞后的多变量广义估计方程中，更大的MHG参与强烈预测了更高的戒酒几率（OR=2.62）。结论：研究结果表明，在参加MHG的社区成员中，有针对性的第二波替代方案（与12步替代方案相比）具有相当的有效性，这表明酒精服务提供者、法院和政策制定者应考虑参考和支持这些替代方案。尽管如此，SMART项目在时间和地域上的差异表明，在解释SMART的结果时要谨慎。

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引用次数: 0

Breaking barriers: evaluating access models for harm reduction vending machines 打破障碍：评估减少危害自动售货机的使用模式。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105079

Ashleigh Herrera , Bradley Conner , Presleigh Beshirs , Ricky Bluthenthal

The opioid epidemic continues to claim lives at alarming rates, disproportionately affecting marginalized communities, with structural barriers preventing equitable access to lifesaving interventions such as naloxone. Harm reduction vending machines (HRVMs) offer a promising solution to this issue, providing low-barrier access to naloxone and other harm reduction supplies. This study examines the impact of different HRVM access models on product utilization, specifically focusing on an outdoor HRVM, Project HOPE, located in Bakersfield, California. Initially, the machine required participant registration and imposed product limits; however, these restrictions were removed in August 2023 to improve access. An interrupted time series analysis of data from June to October 2023 reveal a significant increase in product utilization following the shift to unrestricted access, with increases in demand for naloxone kits, safer injection kits, wound care kits, and other basic needs supplies. The findings suggest that removing barriers to HRVM access, including registration requirements and product limits, can significantly improve the utilization of harm reduction supplies, potentially reducing opioid-related fatalities and promoting health equity. Further research is needed to evaluate the long-term impacts of unrestricted HRVM access models on overdose prevention and other health outcomes.

类阿片流行病继续以惊人的速度夺走生命，对边缘化社区造成不成比例的影响，结构性障碍阻碍公平获得纳洛酮等挽救生命的干预措施。减少伤害自动贩卖机（hrvm）为这一问题提供了一个有希望的解决方案，提供了获得纳洛酮和其他减少伤害用品的低障碍途径。本研究考察了不同HRVM访问模式对产品利用率的影响，特别关注位于加利福尼亚州贝克斯菲尔德的户外HRVM， Project HOPE。最初，该机器要求参与者注册并施加产品限制；然而，这些限制在2023年8月被取消，以改善访问。对2023年6月至10月数据的中断时间序列分析显示，在转向无限制获取后，产品利用率显著增加，对纳洛酮包、更安全的注射包、伤口护理包和其他基本需求用品的需求增加。研究结果表明，消除获得HRVM的障碍，包括注册要求和产品限制，可以显著改善减少危害用品的利用，可能减少阿片类药物相关死亡并促进卫生公平。需要进一步的研究来评估不受限制的HRVM获取模式对过量预防和其他健康结果的长期影响。

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive analysis of jurisdiction-specific laws related to scheduling or required prescription drug monitoring of gabapentin in the United States, 2016–2024 2016-2024年美国与加巴喷丁调度或所需处方药监测相关的司法管辖区特定法律的综合分析

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105064

Katherine Gora Combs , Rachel Vickers-Smith , Collin Stewart , Daniel Wacker , Juan M. Hincapie-Castillo

Gabapentin prescription use has increased across the United States since the late 2000s. Concerns of potential misuse and growing overdose involvement have led to the passage of jurisdiction-specific policies targeting gabapentin prescribing; however, the current legal landscape of these policies is not well documented or understood. We conducted a comprehensive, longitudinal analysis of policies related to scheduling or required prescription drug monitoring of gabapentin across 51 jurisdictions in the United States from January 2016 through December 2024. Across the study period, 25 jurisdictions (49 %) enacted policies related to gabapentin scheduling or required prescription reporting. Eight (16 %) jurisdictions classified gabapentin as a schedule V controlled substance and mandated reporting of gabapentin prescriptions in the jurisdiction’s prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) and 17 (33 %) jurisdictions required the reporting of gabapentin prescriptions to the jurisdiction’s PDMP but did not classify gabapentin as a schedule V controlled substance. Both scheduling and mandated reporting policies were largely concentrated between 2016 and 2019. Though policy changes were observed across the entirety of the continental United States, the majority of jurisdictions with policies were concentrated in the Appalachian and Eastern Midwest regions. Our results provide a strong basis for future research on the impact of gabapentin scheduling and prescription drug monitoring policies on prescribing, dispensing, health care utilization, and overdose involvement. Future discussions at the state and federal level can also be informed by this analysis of the current legal landscape of gabapentin prescribing policies in the United States.

自2000年代末以来，加巴喷丁在美国的处方使用量有所增加。对潜在滥用和日益增长的过量参与的担忧导致针对加巴喷丁处方的司法管辖区特定政策的通过；然而，目前这些政策的法律格局并没有很好地记录或理解。从2016年1月到2024年12月，我们对美国51个司法管辖区的加巴喷丁的调度或所需处方药监测相关政策进行了全面的纵向分析。在整个研究期间，25个司法管辖区（49%）制定了与加巴喷丁调度或要求处方报告相关的政策。8个（16%）司法管辖区将加巴喷丁列为附表V受控物质，并要求在司法管辖区的处方药监测计划（PDMP）中报告加巴喷丁处方，17个（33%）司法管辖区要求向司法管辖区的PDMP报告加巴喷丁处方，但没有将加巴喷丁列为附表V受控物质。日程安排和强制性报告政策都主要集中在2016年至2019年之间。虽然整个美国大陆都观察到政策变化，但大多数有政策的司法管辖区集中在阿巴拉契亚和中西部东部地区。我们的研究结果为进一步研究加巴喷丁调度和处方药监测政策对处方、配药、医疗保健利用和过量用药的影响提供了强有力的基础。对美国目前加巴喷丁处方政策的法律环境的分析也可以为未来在州和联邦一级的讨论提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Building standards of psychedelic care: Qualitative examination of expert perspectives on safety, inclusion, and accountability 迷幻药治疗标准的建立：安全性、包容性和问责制专家观点的定性检验。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104938

Christina Chwyl , Adrianne R. Wilson-Poe , Kim A. Hoffman , Alissa Bazinet , Kellie Pertl , Jason B. Luoma , Don des Jarlais , Sarann Bielavitz , P. Todd Korthuis

There remain significant gaps in knowledge about best practices for facilitated psychedelic care and psychedelic-assisted therapy. To inform the development of service models that support safe and beneficial experiences, this qualitative study explored expert perspectives on current and ideal standards of care, including key practices (e.g., screening, adapting care to diverse contexts) and regulatory and research challenges that influence service delivery. Online focus groups (n = 8) were conducted with a purposive U.S. sample of people with psychedelic content knowledge expertise, including providers (psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, addiction medicine experts, and licensed/unlicensed practitioners) and harm reduction specialists. Transcripts were analyzed through Thematic Analysis team-based coding using a combined inductive-deductive approach within a semantic framework. Participants (N = 38, mean age 47 (SD = 10) years, 53 % women, 84 % white) had an average of 10 years of psychedelic service experience (SD = 11) across diverse settings, including festivals/events, service centers, and clinical, research, ceremonial, community and ‘underground’ contexts. Five key themes emerged: (1) ‘Strengthening Safety through Credibility and Accountability’; (2) ‘Advancing Culturally Responsive and Inclusive Psychedelic Care’; (3) ‘Healing in Community: The Crucial Role of Ongoing Support and Integration’; (4) ‘Ensuring Safe Psychedelic Use: Preparation, Screening, Vulnerability, and Medication Management’; and (5) ‘Providing Informed Guidance and Navigating Legal and Informational Gray Areas.’ Overall, results underscore the need for stronger provider accountability structures, culturally inclusive practices, accessible and integrated community support, robust safety and screening protocols, and clearer guidelines to help providers navigate legal complexities, ensure safety, and optimize outcomes across diverse populations.

在促进致幻剂护理和致幻剂辅助治疗的最佳实践方面，仍存在显著的知识差距。为了为支持安全和有益体验的服务模式的发展提供信息，本定性研究探讨了专家对当前和理想护理标准的看法，包括关键实践（例如，筛查、使护理适应不同情况）以及影响服务提供的监管和研究挑战。在线焦点小组（n = 8）由具有致幻剂内容知识专业知识的美国人组成，包括提供者（精神科医生、临床心理学家、成瘾医学专家和有执照/无执照的从业者）和减少危害专家。通过基于主题分析团队的编码，在语义框架内使用组合的归纳-演绎方法分析转录本。参与者（N = 38，平均年龄47 （SD = 10）岁，53%的女性，84%的白人）平均有10年的迷幻药服务经历（SD = 11），包括节日/活动、服务中心、临床、研究、仪式、社区和“地下”环境。出现了五个关键主题：(1)“以诚信和问责加强安全”；(2)“促进文化响应和包容性迷幻药护理”；(3)“社区治疗：持续支持和融合的关键作用”；(4)确保安全使用致幻剂：制备、筛选、脆弱性和药物管理；和(5)“提供明智的指导，穿越法律和信息的灰色地带。”总体而言，结果强调需要建立更强大的提供者问责结构、文化包容性实践、可获得和综合的社区支持、健全的安全和筛查协议，以及更明确的指导方针，以帮助提供者应对法律复杂性、确保安全并优化不同人群的结果。

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引用次数: 0

Psychedelics in the age of reproducibility: Reflections on aura, set and setting and the medicalization of mystical-type experiences 再现时代的迷幻剂：对灵气、场景和背景的反思以及神秘类型体验的医学化

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105074

Guy Simon , Nir Tadmor MD , Demian Halperin

Psychedelics induce transformative experiences leading to lasting changes in attitudes and behaviour, with outcomes depending on both pharmacological factors and the context of the experience (‘set and setting’), marking a paradigm shift in mental health treatment. As psychedelics transition from traditional contexts to clinical settings, tension emerges between authenticity and standardization. This article uses Walter Benjamin’s concept of “aura” (The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction) to examine what may be lost or gained when psychedelic experiences are removed from original contexts and reproduced in institutional settings. We explore how set and setting contribute to authenticity, analyse medicalization’s implications, examine the roles of ritual and commodification, and propose ways to integrate traditional context with clinical approaches to preserve psychedelics’ transformative potential.

致幻剂诱发变革性体验，导致态度和行为的持久变化，其结果取决于药理学因素和体验的背景（“设定和环境”），标志着精神卫生治疗的范式转变。随着致幻剂从传统环境过渡到临床环境，真实性和标准化之间出现了紧张关系。本文使用Walter Benjamin的“光环”（机械复制时代的艺术作品）的概念来考察当迷幻体验从原始环境中移除并在制度环境中复制时可能失去或获得的东西。我们探讨了场景和环境如何对真实性做出贡献，分析了医学化的影响，研究了仪式和商品化的作用，并提出了将传统背景与临床方法相结合的方法，以保持迷幻药的变革潜力。

引用次数: 0