Applied Geography最新文献_第9页

Impact of urban environmental matrices on bird diversity: Mediating effects and ecological thresholds

IF 4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103476

Haoran Yu , Hanwen Xiao , Xinchen Gu

The loss of urban biodiversity presents challenges to the management of urban ecological resilience and landscape planning. Existing research has sought to uncover the impacts of interactions between biotic and abiotic factors on urban biodiversity, yet there is still a lack of sufficient depth in insights to support decision-makers in prioritizing limited resources for key areas. In this study, we utilized models such as structural equation modeling, hierarchical partitioning, and boosted regression trees to comprehensively analyze the key factors, mediating effects, and thresholds of the urban environmental matrix on bird diversity in the Shanghai area. The results identified the primary environmental matrices influencing bird diversity and their thresholds, such as vegetation cover (>0.6) and vegetation height (>10m) which promote bird diversity, whereas taller buildings (>60m) and higher building density (>0.3) are harmful. Human activities and levels of urbanization generally have a negative impact, affecting biodiversity indirectly through mediating effects such as increased habitat fragmentation and reduced habitat quality. The study emphasizes the nonlinear impacts of the built environment on bird biodiversity through mediating effects, providing new insights for urban planners to enhance biodiversity and effectively improve ecological urban resilience.

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引用次数: 0

Understanding multi-scale educational and hukou segregation in urban China: A multilevel modeling approach

IF 4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103482

Yanji Zhang , Qiong He , Jiejing Wang

The degree and causes of socio-spatial segregation at different geographic scales remain largely unexplored in Chinese cities. This study uses multilevel modeling and national micro-individual census data to analyze educational and hukou segregation at the district, subdistrict, and neighborhood scales across 333 Chinese cities. We find that educational segregation is generally more pronounced than hukou segregation, and both are more severe at smaller geographic scales. Cities in eastern China and those with higher political status are the most segregated. Our results also support both spatial assimilation and global city theories. Socioeconomic inequality, cultural differences, and global connectedness are all positively associated with segregation levels, with these associations being strongest at the neighborhood scale, where intergroup exclusion is greater. In terms of the impact of the welfare regime, government divestment of public services and housing commodification exacerbate segregation. The provision of public housing helps mitigate micro-scale educational segregation. However, it exacerbates segregation between locals and migrants who do not qualify for housing subsidies. The emergence of polycentricity exacerbates micro-scale educational segregation. Some socioeconomic factors also contribute to segregation levels. In sum, the degree and determinants of socio-spatial segregation, and the policies needed to address them, vary across geographic scales.

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引用次数: 0

Where drinks and danger meet: Analyzing the spatial link between Bars and crime in Detroit

IF 4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103480

Ziheng Huang , Yanqing Xu , Yuchen Li , Shanhe Jiang , Ruidun Chen

Alcohol consumption has long been linked to various crimes, including homicide, assault, sex-related offenses, family violence, and chronic aggressiveness in adults. While the association between alcohol use and violent crime is well-documented, few studies have examined the spatial co-occurrence of bar locations - a primary venue for alcohol sales - and crime incidents across precise geographical locations and over time. This study employs the global colocation quotient (GCLQ) and the local colocation quotient (LCLQ) to analyze the spatial correlation between five types of liquor establishments (bar, lounge, live house, nightclub, and pub) and seven types of crimes (aggravated assault, burglary, larceny-theft, murder, motor vehicle theft, rape, and robbery) in Detroit, Michigan from 2017 to 2022. Findings demonstrate stable spatial relationships between bars and crimes across different years, with downtown bars showing a lower crime association, bars in clusters showing diverse patterns, and isolated bars in higher risk. The analysis reveals discrepancies in risk among different types. The safety index of the neighborhood surrounding bars is assessed through colocation analysis, demonstrating a correlation with bar-related security. Based on these insights, the study recommends heightened supervision for bars in high-risk areas and developing tailored prevention measures.

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引用次数: 0

Measuring the impact of the urban microclimate on housing price using the spatial hedonic pricing method: The case study of Mueller, Austin, TX

IF 4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103483

Se Woong Kim , Robert D. Brown

Cities are becoming hotter as global climate change and urban heat islands intensify. However, heat is not uniformly distributed in a city as some areas have a much hotter thermal environment than others. To investigate whether house prices are affected by variation in the outdoor thermal environment, this study used statistical models to identify the importance of the microclimate around a house compared to other well-known structural, locational, and environmental characteristics. The effect of the outdoor environment on the thermal comfort of residents was modeled using the validated COMFA energy budget model. Micro-meteorological data that were directly measured in the study area were analyzed using the COMFA model. A semi-log hedonic pricing model was then utilized, and two models were developed: a spatial autoregressive (SAR) model, and a spatial error model (SEM) that considers spatial autocorrelation. The results

(p < 0.0001)

indicated that the outdoor thermal comfort level around a house is a crucial factor that affects housing market prices. In addition, the outdoor thermal comfort level showed high significance using both the SAR

(R^{2} = 0.88)

and the SEM

(R^{2} = 0.89)

models. These results have important implications by bringing to light a variable that affects housing prices and, until now, has been invisible.

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引用次数: 0

Estimating the environmental Kuznets curve and its influencing factors of CO2 emissions: Insights from development stages and rebound effects 估算环境库兹涅茨曲线及其二氧化碳排放的影响因素：发展阶段和反弹效应的启示

IF 4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103475

Rong Wu , Zihan Xie , Jieyu Wang , Shaojian Wang

Revealing the heterogeneity in Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) is crucial for tackling environmental challenges while fostering sustainable development. Anchored in the EKC hypothesis and using quantile regression approaches, this study explores the varied effects of socioeconomic factors on CO₂ emissions for cities at different development stages in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region from 2000 to 2020. In addition, the impact of rebound effects of technological advancements on CO₂ emissions are also explored across cities. We find that an N-shaped relationship exists between GDP per capita and CO₂ emissions, supporting the EKC hypothesis in the PRD urban clusters. Urbanization significantly increases CO₂ emissions in cities with low to moderate emissions (e.g., a 1% increase in urbanization leads to a 0.963% rise in emissions in cities at the 25th quantile), while its impact diminishes in high-emission cities (e.g., resulting in a 0.199% reduction in cities at the 95th quantile).Additionally, openness and foreign trade exert a significant inhibitory effect on CO₂ emissions in all cities; and a rebound effect is identified in cities with medium and high emission levels (above the 50th percentile) in the PRD region. By analyzing the drivers of CO₂ emissions, taking into account development stages and rebound effects, this study highlights the heterogeneity in how different factors impact CO2 emissions across cities at varying stages of development within the PRD urban cluster. These findings emphasize that policymakers must recognize this heterogeneity when formulating emission reduction and development strategies. Tailoring policies to the specific economic, spatial, and industrial dynamics of cities at different stages within urban agglomerations is essential to effectively address the sustainable development.

揭示环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）的异质性对于应对环境挑战和促进可持续发展至关重要。本研究以环境库兹涅茨曲线假说为基础，采用量子回归方法，探讨了 2000 年至 2020 年珠江三角洲（PRD）地区处于不同发展阶段的城市的社会经济因素对二氧化碳排放的不同影响。此外，还探讨了技术进步的反弹效应对各城市二氧化碳排放的影响。我们发现，人均 GDP 与二氧化碳排放量之间存在 N 型关系，支持珠三角城市群的 EKC 假说。在中低排放城市，城市化会大幅增加二氧化碳排放量（例如，城市化每增加 1%，位于第 25 个量级的城市的二氧化碳排放量就会增加 0.963%），而在高排放城市，城市化的影响则会减弱（例如，城市化每增加 1%，位于第 25 个量级的城市的二氧化碳排放量就会减少 0.199%）、此外，开放程度和对外贸易对所有城市的二氧化碳排放都有显著的抑制作用；在珠三角地区，中高排放水平（高于第50个百分位数）的城市出现了反弹效应。考虑到发展阶段和反弹效应，本研究通过分析二氧化碳排放的驱动因素，突出了不同因素对珠三角城市群内处于不同发展阶段的城市的二氧化碳排放的异质性影响。这些发现强调，决策者在制定减排和发展战略时必须认识到这种异质性。根据城市群内不同阶段城市的具体经济、空间和产业动态调整政策，对于有效解决可持续发展问题至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

What are the environmental preferences of runners? Evidence from Guangzhou 跑步者的环境偏好是什么？来自广州的证据

IF 4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103469

Mingke Xie , Zhangxian Feng , Wang Long , Shijun Wang , Xiajing Liu , Gufeng Ji , Xiaoxuan Guo

The impact of the built environment on running behavior is a subject of interest in existing theories. However, empirical evidence is limited due to data acquisition challenges. This paper addresses this gap by utilizing 3271 valid running routes sourced from the Chinese fitness app Keep to construct a running intensity index based on 10664 road segments in Guangzhou, China, with intensity values ranging from 0.000013 to 17.645459 m/m². It analyzes the spatial characteristics of running intensity. Using global and local regression methods, the study explores runners’ environmental preferences concerning natural exposure, street environment, and neighborhood. The results indicate that streets with higher running intensity, exceeding 10.082 m/m², are closer to water bodies and green spaces, while lower-intensity areas, below 2.049 m/m², are often associated with busy traffic, noisy commercial activities, and sparsely populated regions. Global regression results demonstrate that positive environmental attributes, such as street greenery (OLS coefficient: 2.658∗∗), promote running behavior, while negative attributes like street density (OLS coefficient: −18.681∗∗), hinder it. However, several local regression results contradict these global findings. Our results offer valuable insights for planners and policymakers to develop targeted intervention strategies that enhance vibrant running streets, fostering the integration and symbiosis of urban public spaces.

建筑环境对跑步行为的影响是现有理论所关注的一个主题。然而，由于数据采集方面的挑战，实证证据非常有限。本文利用中国健身应用 Keep 中的 3271 条有效跑步路线，构建了基于中国广州 10664 个路段的跑步强度指数，强度值范围为 0.000013 至 17.645459 m/m2。它分析了跑步强度的空间特征。研究采用全局和局部回归方法，探讨了跑步者对自然暴露、街道环境和邻里关系的环境偏好。结果表明，跑步强度较高的街道（超过 10.082 平方米/平方米）距离水体和绿地较近，而跑步强度较低的地区（低于 2.049 平方米/平方米）往往与繁忙的交通、嘈杂的商业活动和人烟稀少的地区有关。总体回归结果表明，街道绿化（OLS 系数：2.658∗∗）等积极的环境属性会促进跑步行为，而街道密度（OLS 系数：-18.681∗∗）等消极属性则会阻碍跑步行为。然而，一些局部回归结果与这些全球性发现相矛盾。我们的研究结果为规划者和政策制定者提供了有价值的见解，有助于他们制定有针对性的干预策略，增强街道的活力，促进城市公共空间的整合与共生。

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引用次数: 0

Unravelling urban typologies in Latin American cities: Integrating socioeconomic factors and urban configurations across scales 揭示拉丁美洲城市的类型：跨尺度整合社会经济因素和城市格局

IF 4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103460

Ana Beatriz Pierri-Daunt , Stefan Siedentop

The complex and multifaceted characteristics of urban expansion contribute to increasing challenges for policy-makers in planning and managing metropolitan areas worldwide. Typologies have been helpful in better describing and understanding the differentiated paths of urban development. This research introduces a novel classification that integrates multidimensional growth and development components by employing hierarchical clustering analysis. We present urban typologies at the city and municipal levels for 18 Latin American metropolitan areas, with a total of 253 municipalities. Metrics include built-up area, urban density, fragmentation, compactness and types of new built-up land (infilling, edge extension and leapfrog) and several demographic and economic information. The investigated cities and municipalities revealed varying degrees of compactness or sprawl, with several implications for socioeconomic conditions. Three main types emerged: 1) compact, dense areas associated with wealthier socioeconomic conditions and a trend of sprawl (at the municipal and city levels), 2) dense, infilling areas with vulnerable socioeconomic conditions (at the city level), and 3) fragmented areas with vulnerable socioeconomic conditions (at the municipal and city levels). These types represent a unique combination of urban characteristics, allowing the understanding of the interlinkage of built-up changes with socioeconomic indicators, which can help to identify challenges and opportunities for managing Latin American cities.

城市扩张的复杂性和多面性给全球大都市地区的规划和管理决策者带来了越来越多的挑战。类型学有助于更好地描述和理解城市发展的不同路径。本研究通过采用分层聚类分析，引入了一种整合多维增长和发展要素的新型分类方法。我们介绍了拉丁美洲 18 个大都市区（共 253 个城市）在城市和市镇层面的城市类型学。衡量标准包括建成区面积、城市密度、破碎度、紧凑度、新建成区类型（填充、边缘扩展和跃进）以及一些人口和经济信息。所调查的城市和市镇显示出不同程度的紧凑或无计划扩展，对社会经济状况产生了若干影响。出现了三种主要类型：1）与较富裕的社会经济条件和无计划扩展趋势相关联的紧凑、密集地区（在市政和城市层面）；2）社会经济条件脆弱的密集、填充地区（在城市层面）；以及 3）社会经济条件脆弱的分散地区（在市政和城市层面）。这些类型代表了城市特征的独特组合，有助于了解城市建设变化与社会经济指标之间的相互联系，从而有助于确定拉丁美洲城市管理的挑战和机遇。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the inequality in fine-grained primary healthcare accessibility in Macau based on high-resolution geospatial data under the 15-minute city framework 基于 15 分钟城市框架下的高分辨率地理空间数据，探索澳门基层医疗服务可及性的不平等现象

IF 4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103473

Dong Liu , Jianying Wang , Jiangyu Song , Mei-Po Kwan , Dingzhong Fang , Toshinori Ariga , Yang Chen , Serge Stinckwich

Primary healthcare (PHC) acts as a cornerstone of public health. The 15-min city concept, advocating convenient access to essential urban services such as PHC within a 15-min walk, has gained traction globally. However, there remains a lack of understanding regarding the 15-min accessibility to PHC services, crucial for physically vulnerable individuals requiring regular medical attention. Previous healthcare accessibility studies often use the traditional floating catchment area (FCA) method, which overlooks demand and service supply inflation within catchment areas, potentially leading to inaccuracies in accessibility estimates. This study addresses the gap in understanding fine-grained 15-min accessibility to PHC services by employing an enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method, which considers the inflation effect. Additionally, our study incorporates hot spot analysis (Getis-Ord Gi∗), bivariate local Moran's I (Bi-LISA), and the Gini index to reveal inter- and intra-parish accessibility inequalities across the 7 parishes in Macau. Findings highlight Nossa Senhora de Fátima parish as having the highest concentration of low-income public housing estates and significant inter- and intra-parish 15-min PHC accessibility inequalities. This emphasizes the need for policymakers to consider integrating PHC facilities when developing public housing estates for low-income residents.

初级卫生保健（PHC）是公共卫生的基石。15 分钟城市 "概念提倡在步行 15 分钟内方便地获得基本城市服务，如初级保健服务，这一概念已在全球范围内得到推广。然而，人们对 15 分钟内获得初级保健服务的可及性仍然缺乏了解，而这对于需要定期就医的身体弱势群体来说至关重要。以往的医疗服务可及性研究通常使用传统的浮动集水区（FCA）方法，这种方法忽略了集水区内的需求和服务供应膨胀，可能导致可及性估算不准确。本研究采用增强型两步浮动集水区法（E2SFCA），考虑了通货膨胀效应，从而弥补了在了解 15 分钟内初级保健服务可及性方面的不足。此外，我们的研究还结合了热点分析（Getis-Ord Gi∗）、双变量本地莫兰指数（Bi-LISA）和基尼系数，以揭示澳门 7 个教区之间和教区内部的无障碍程度不平等。研究结果表明，花地玛堂区是低收入公共屋邨最集中的地区，而且堂区之间和堂区内15分钟初级保健服务的可及性存在明显的不平等。这强调了政策制定者在为低收入居民开发公共屋邨时考虑整合初级保健设施的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

From policy synergy to equitable greenspace: Unveiling the multifaceted effects of regional cooperation upon urban greenspace exposure inequality in China's megacity-regions 从政策协同到公平绿地：揭示区域合作对中国特大城市区域城市绿地暴露不平等的多方面影响

IF 4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103472

Xianchun Zhang , Jinliu Chen , Haoqi Wang , Di Yang

This study investigates the extent to which and how regional cooperation influences urban greenspace exposure inequality within China's megacity-regions. By employing a novel theoretical framework—the Greenspace Exposure Gini Index (GEGI)—which incorporates indicators of greenspace availability, proximity, and inequality, a case study of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) uncovers three key findings. First, greenspace exposure inequality has escalated in most GBA cities, with only Macao, Hong Kong, and Dongguan exhibiting a consistent decline. Post-2014, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Hong Kong have experienced a stabilization of greenspace exposure inequality, characterized by fluctuating but controlled levels. Second, regional cooperation has been found to mitigate greenspace exposure inequality through strategic resource allocation and infrastructure investment. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of such cooperation is contingent upon addressing the complexities of regional spatial heterogeneity and non-stationarity. Last, the analysis unveils a potential unintended consequence of economic, social, and institutional cooperation within the region: the exacerbation of greenspace exposure inequality. This phenomenon arises when resource allocation disproportionately favors economically developed areas, thereby widening disparities in greenspace access. In conclusion, this study illuminates the evolving nature of regional cooperation, shifting from a primary focus on policy alignment and resource synergy to a more nuanced approach aimed at reducing urban greenspace exposure inequality.

本研究探讨了区域合作在多大程度上以及如何影响中国特大城市区域内的城市绿地暴露不平等。通过采用新颖的理论框架--绿地暴露基尼指数（GEGI）--将绿地可用性、邻近性和不平等指标结合在一起，对粤港澳大湾区（GBA）进行的案例研究发现了三个重要发现。首先，大多数粤港澳大湾区城市的绿地暴露不平等程度都有所上升，只有澳门、香港和东莞持续下降。2014 年后，广州、深圳和香港的绿地暴露不平等趋于稳定，其特点是水平波动但可控。其次，区域合作可通过战略资源配置和基础设施投资缓解绿地暴露不平等问题。然而，这种合作的有效性取决于解决区域空间异质性和非平稳性的复杂性。最后，分析揭示了区域内经济、社会和机构合作可能产生的意外后果：加剧绿地暴露不平等。当资源分配不成比例地偏向经济发达地区，从而扩大了绿地使用权的差距时，就会出现这种现象。总之，本研究揭示了区域合作不断演变的本质，即从主要关注政策协调和资源协同转变为旨在减少城市绿地暴露不平等的更细致入微的方法。

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引用次数: 0

From alleys to arterial streets: Unpacking the influence of diverse street types and associated business on urban theft patterns 从小巷到主干道：解读不同街道类型和相关商业对城市盗窃模式的影响

IF 4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103471

Debao Chen , Lin Liu , Xin Gu , Minxuan Lan , Zihan Su , Hanlin Zhou

Street segments have witnessed growing scholarly attention for their pivotal role in determining urban crime patterns. However, existing studies have not thoroughly considered the effects of refined street types on crime, let alone their interactive effects with business facilities on crime. This research aims to fill these gaps, by examining the relationship between theft, street type and Facilities in Cincinnati. Results show that alleys and pedestrians are less susceptible to theft than major and minor arterial streets. Interactive terms between street type and Facilities enhance the model's performance and reveal that the concentration of thefts is positively related to the association between Facilities and local streets or major arterial streets. Our findings offer not only add to the existing literature, but also offer insight on urban safety and planning practice.

由于街道在决定城市犯罪模式方面发挥着关键作用，因此受到越来越多学者的关注。然而，现有的研究并未深入考虑精致街道类型对犯罪的影响，更不用说它们与商业设施对犯罪的交互影响。本研究旨在通过考察辛辛那提的盗窃、街道类型和设施之间的关系来填补这些空白。研究结果表明，与主干道和次干道相比，小巷和步行街更不容易发生盗窃案。街道类型和设施之间的交互项增强了模型的性能，并揭示出盗窃案的集中程度与设施和当地街道或主要干道之间的关联呈正相关。我们的研究结果不仅丰富了现有文献，还为城市安全和规划实践提供了启示。

引用次数: 0