Cities最新文献

Urban traffic analysis has played an important role in urban development, providing insights for urban planning, traffic management, and resource allocation. Meanwhile, the global pandemic of COVID-19 has significantly changed people's travel behaviour in urban areas. This research uses the spatial Durbin model to understand the relationship between traffic flows, urban infrastructure, and socio-demographic indicators before, during, and after pandemic periods. We include factors such as road characteristics, socio-demographics, surrounding built environments (land use and nearby points of interest), and the emerging urban big data source of Google Street View images to understand their influences on time series traffic flows. Taking the city of Glasgow as the case study, we have found that areas with more young and white dwellers are associated with more traffic flows, while natural green spaces are associated with fewer traffic flows. Major roads between cities and towns also show heavier traffic flows. Besides, the application of Google Street View images in this research has revealed the heterogeneous effects of green space on urban traffic flows, as the magnitudes of their effects vary by distance. We also detect that the spatial dependence between adjacent neighbourhoods among the traffic flows and associated urban parameters is variable during the four COVID-19 periods. With the influence of COVID-19, there has been a significant decrease in long-distance travel. The noticeable change in travel behaviour presents a valuable opportunity to encourage active travel in the near future.

Urban plans can promote the implementation and scaling up of nature-based solutions (NbS) through the adoption of specific policy instruments. These can be applied to different typologies of NbS interventions, depending on the transformations allowed by the plan and property regime of the different areas. Through a review of real-world applications, we provide an overview of policy instruments that can be used to promote NbS implementation in urban plans. We identify eighteen types of policy instruments divided into five main categories and linked them to eight overall typologies of NbS interventions to which they can be applied. The matrix linking policy instruments and NbS interventions includes fifty-nine matches corresponding to documented real-life applications. Regulations can be especially used to integrate NbS early on in new development areas, while incentive-based instruments are suitable to promote NbS in retrofitting and renovating the built environment. Notably, more than one instrument can be applied to each NbS typology. We discuss the differences among the instruments and how they can be combined to achieve the desired policy goals. Moreover, we illustrate how the matrix can be used to expand the range of policy options in a specific planning context, supporting a wider implementation and scaling up of NbS through urban planning.

This paper examines the role of municipal land finance in households' second home ownership under urban entrepreneurialism. We found that the extent of municipal reliance on land finance was positively related to the local second home ownership, mediated by the housing prices effect and urban expansion effect. Unleased second homes are associated with higher land finance level to a greater extent. On the contrary, the odds of investment in a second home outside one's city of residence decrease with the land finance level of the city. The exceptional likelihood of second home ownership for entrepreneurs implies that the entrepreneurial state and entrepreneurs' interests are bonded in effective use of housing for capital accumulation. The findings suggest that a continuous reliance on the land finance system may intensify the housing assets stratification. By exploring the relationship between state-led capital accumulation and households’ wealth accumulation, this study provides a more holistic view to understand the new form of housing differentiation, and contributes to the literature of second homes by offering an explanation about between-city variation for the more mundane forms of absentee property ownership.

Urban night has undergone a significant transformation over recent decades, shifting from being a peripheral and liminal space-time to becoming both a new market for implementing processes of urban regeneration, and a problematic contest that needs to be regulated by developing new strategies of surveillance and control. Building on Henri Lefebvre's “critique of everyday life,” we develop a “critique of everyday life of the night,” since a common thread links the flatness and monotony of everyday life to the changes that have affected nightlife. Taking the city of Turin (Italy) as a case study, the impact economicist and securitarian urban policies on its nightlife is analyzed, in what is described as a process of ‘eveningification.’ Nevertheless, Lefebvre's permanent dialectic between flatness and extraordinariness of existence led us to carry out a rhythmanalysis of Turin's most problematic square in order to understand various practices and spatial dynamics in an ‘eveningificated’ neighborhood.

Understanding pedestrians' time-use choices for multiple activities in urban public spaces is crucial for developing diverse and inclusive public spaces. Few studies have explored how pedestrians' time-use choices are influenced by the physical environment when engaging in various micro-level activities in public spaces, nor have they captured the influence of experience-based factors (e.g., emotion and perceptions) triggered by varying environments, as well as heterogeneity between individuals. This study employs the multiple discrete-continuous extreme value (MDCEV) model to estimate the effects of public space environmental attributes, visit purpose, emotion, and perceptions on individuals' activity time-use choices using data collected in varying virtual hypothetical public spaces. A latent class MDCEV model incorporating personal variables is used to further examine individual heterogeneity. The results indicate that outdoor dining spaces and benches significantly promote outdoor activities. Emotional pleasure and arousal, as well as perceived legibility and liveness, significantly influence various activities in varying ways and to varying degrees. Differences in activity time-use choice patterns between two groups are revealed - one more emotionally driven and the other more cognitively driven. The results complement existing knowledge of pedestrians' activities and inform the planning and design decisions for positive human-environment interactions in urban public spaces.

House relocation is a circular reuse approach with potential to address multi-pronged community challenges in rapidly redeveloping cities. Historically used throughout the USA, Austin, Texas serves as the testing ground for this contemporary research on house relocation, exemplifying a urban context experiencing a range of challenges, including rampant demolition, housing shortages, exponential population increase, and unmet zero waste goals. Researchers took a mixed-methods approach, including literature review, interviews, and permit record analysis to assess the use of house relocation as a tool to address these urban challenges, while identifying associated community benefits, barriers, and applications. Written in parallel, the academic research also informed an educational guide for the development community and broader public audience released in 2023.

As cities adapt to the challenges of rapid urbanization, sustainable development goals, and post-pandemic realities, understanding the intricacies of urban sustainability is vital. This study presents a spatial impact assessment of urban sustainability, focusing on the distinctive requirements of social housing urban environments in Bogota, Colombia. By contextualizing this study in the ever-evolving post-pandemic paradigm, it depicts the current conditions of the city towards future development scenarios. The sustainability assessment relies on a set of 11 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), emphasizing the particular needs of social housing and offering a comprehensive analysis that links the conditions of the urban environment, environmental quality, and social well-being, all under the umbrella of Sustainable Development Goal 11. Specific spatial analysis using GIS tools (e.g. spatial interpolation, network analysis, multispectral imagery analysis), statistical analysis, and data engineering were employed to evaluate the selected KPIs. This evaluation revealed distinct spatial patterns of socioeconomic inequity, primarily impacting areas with a higher concentration of social housing within the city. These findings highlight critical areas requiring strategic attention to promote the city's sustainability transition. Key insights indicate that areas lacking sufficient access to green spaces and essential urban services, alongside higher pollution levels, are associated with lower social well-being, reduced perceptions of security, and are characterized by high population density and a significant presence of social housing. These results, available on an interactive web-GIS app, underscore the imperative for policies and planning that not only address the provision of social housing but also ensure a sustainable built environment, shaping a sustainable, inclusive, safe, and resilient future. The methodology and insights presented in this study are also applicable and scalable to similar urban contexts globally.

Infrastructure owners face challenges in effective maintenance decision-making due to the process's multidisciplinary nature, spanning mathematics to cognitive science. This study delves into enhancing maintenance for complex infrastructure systems, specifically in scenarios where a single primary owner must consider the preferences and requisites of multiple stakeholders. In such unstructured problems characterised by diverse perspectives and potentially conflicting interests in uncertain environments, systematic decision analysis is paramount. In response, this paper proposes a generic conceptual model to outline the primary critical consideration of decision-making through a holistic scheme of the decision problem; it facilitates discovering shared views when defining the decision problem, eliciting objectives early in the decision-making process, and ensuring that selected agendas align with desired outcomes and core values. It provides valuable guidance for decision-modellers in infrastructure rehabilitation. These claims are reinforced with the application of the proposed model to case studies, illustrating its practicality in real-world settings.

By employing a large-scale mobile phone dataset and constructing a social network with 6,351,033 nodes and 14,735,425 ties, this research empirically studies how the individualistic and collectivistic (I-C) cultural backgrounds of migrants influence their acculturation strategies under different contexts. We introduced the rice theory and developed new network-based constructs to measure their acculturation strategies, I-C cultural backgrounds, and socioeconomic status. We found that migrants with more collectivistic cultural backgrounds tend to interact more with people from their hometowns rather than locals of their host societies. Surprisingly, this relationship is contingent on cultural distance: when a migrant's cultural background is similar to the host society, this migrant tends to interact more with local friends than people from her hometown. Moreover, higher socioeconomic status is found to decrease the cultural conservatism tendencies of migrants with more collectivistic cultural backgrounds. These findings can help stakeholders to devise more refined policies to better integrate migrants with diverse backgrounds and reduce potential cultural conflicts.

Against the backdrop of explosive growth in freight demand, the negative impacts of the traditional road-system-based port-city logistics mode on urban transportation, environment and safety have become prominent livelihood issues, as well as significant economic and social problems. Port-city underground logistics system (PC-ULS) has been widely recognized as an innovative way to ensure the sustainable development of port cities. However, the influence mechanism of PC-ULS on the port-city relationships is still unclear. Thus, this paper attempts to explore the PC-ULS-based port-city relationships formation process and the main influencing factors using a mixed qualitative approach. The social, economic and environmental impacts of PC-ULS on the development of port cities were systematically analyzed using the Shanghe Port ULS and Shanghai Port ULS as the case studies. The results show that the impacts generated by PC-ULS are positive and widely distributed across the economic sphere, port-city traffic, logistics governance, urban equity, stakeholders, ports, and urban spaces, as well as ecological sustainability. Furthermore, the urban planning, technology compatibility and engineering risk related factors have a strong impact on the PC-ULS implementation. A set of incentive policies has been designed to promote the effectiveness of PC-ULS. The findings provide a unique perspective on underground space development and utilization to address port-city conflicts, as well as a reasonable implementation pathway for PC-ULS application.