IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105568

Arash Tavakoli , Isabella P. Douglas , Hae Young Noh , Jackelyn Hwang , Sarah L. Billington

Reflected through a series of objective and subjective perceptions, the built environment in an urban area plays a significant role in shaping human well-being. While previous studies have mostly focused on the positive effects of urban green spaces drawing from observational or subjective metrics, it is evident that other urban elements, such as the presence of mismanaged trash can also play a major role in shaping various aspects of human well-being. This paper focuses on the conscious and unconscious (through eye-tracking) effects of the presence of construction sites, recreational vehicles (RVs), and trash within urban settings on people's self-reported stress, valence, and arousal, as well as perceptions of social disorder, social cohesion, danger, and desirability of different neighborhoods. Our results indicate the adverse effect of the presence of such elements on well-being and urban perception metrics measured through standard questionnaires and eye-tracking, with trash having the highest adverse impact. Additional results from eye-tracking analysis reveal that participants spend more time viewing the area of the image with trash, consistent with their self-reported ratings. Our results highlight the spectrum of conscious and unconscious effects of the built environment on human well-being and help quantify such effects.

通过一系列客观和主观感知，城市建筑环境在塑造人类福祉方面发挥着重要作用。虽然以往的研究大多集中在城市绿地的积极影响上，并以观察或主观指标为依据，但其他城市元素，如存在管理不善的垃圾，显然也会在塑造人类福祉的各个方面发挥重要作用。本文重点研究了城市环境中建筑工地、休闲车（RV）和垃圾的存在对人们自我报告的压力、情绪和唤醒，以及对社会混乱、社会凝聚力、危险性和不同社区可取性的感知的有意识和无意识（通过眼动追踪）影响。我们的研究结果表明，这些因素的存在对通过标准问卷和眼动跟踪测量的幸福感和城市感知指标有不利影响，其中垃圾的不利影响最大。眼动跟踪分析的其他结果表明，参与者会花更多的时间来观察图片中的垃圾区域，这与他们的自我评价是一致的。我们的研究结果强调了建筑环境对人类福祉的有意识和无意识影响，并有助于量化这些影响。

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引用次数: 0

Inclusion of differences through the rhythm of the city. An analysis of an urban neighbourhood park 通过城市节奏包容差异。城市街区公园分析

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105475

Sandro Cattacin, Fiorenza Gamba

Differences in lifestyle, age, abilities, material possibilities, but also gender are the rule in urban space, homogeneity and commonalities the exception. Dealing with these differences in the management and planning of shared spaces is a major challenge for cities. Based on a three-year observation of the rhythms of a neighbourhood park in Geneva, we argue that such spaces are urban commons that can be managed by a bottom-up logic if some conditions of self-organisation are present, in particular a design of the place facilitating the production of trust and encounters, a social context of respect of differences generated by an urban climate of indifference and finally a democratic way of solving problems (a liberal way of coordination). The results show that the temporal division of use of a same place, based on users' observations of the others, on expectations, conflictive short encounters, and reflexive learning processes are fundamentals to transform a space into a shared common place of inclusion. In this process without negotiators, the temporal organisation of the space is a key element in the creation of a common space for all.

生活方式、年龄、能力、物质条件以及性别等方面的差异是城市空间的普遍现象，而同一性和共性则是例外。在共享空间的管理和规划中处理这些差异是城市面临的一大挑战。基于对日内瓦一个邻里公园三年节奏的观察，我们认为，如果具备一些自组织的条件，特别是有利于产生信任和相遇的场所设计、由城市冷漠氛围产生的尊重差异的社会环境，以及解决问题的民主方式（自由的协调方式），这些空间是可以通过自下而上的逻辑进行管理的城市公共空间。研究结果表明，根据使用者对他人的观察、期望、冲突性的短暂相遇以及反思性的学习过程，对同一场所的使用进行时间划分，是将一个空间转变为具有包容性的共享场所的基本要素。在这个没有谈判者的过程中，空间的时间组织是为所有人创造共同空间的关键因素。

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引用次数: 0

Uneven and divergent spatial figurations: A five-pronged typology of urban and peri-urban formations in Romania 参差不齐的空间形态：罗马尼亚城市和城郊形态的五重类型学

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105578

Norbert Petrovici , Florin Poenaru

This paper introduces a five-pronged typology to conceptualize the variegated and dynamic spatial figurations of urban and peri-urban areas in Romania, addressing a gap in the current literature on planetary urbanization by elucidating the differentiation between and within peri-urban spaces. Through analyses incorporating principal components, cluster analyses, association and analysis of variance this study delineates the distinctive patterns of demographic, economic, and spatial transformations across Romania's urban landscape. The typology not only highlights the complexities of peri-urban development, but also provides a critical framework for examining the socio-economic forces shaping these areas. We show that peri-urban spaces exhibit considerable heterogeneity; their processes of formation, dynamics, relationships with core cities, and trajectories vary significantly and are contingent upon specific contexts. This is what we synthetically call uneven and divergent spatial figurations that peri-urban development produces. We enlarge the “spatial figuration” framework that springs from the Lefebvrian trialectic of spatial production to challenge the urban-rural dichotomies and highlight the inter-scalar dynamics of change in the discontinuous and historically rooted peri-urban areas. The text contributes to emergent scholarship in the field that has shifted focus from examining the emergence of peri-urban spaces to addressing the diverse typologies of these spatial formations and their internal variation.

本文介绍了五种类型，以概念化罗马尼亚城市和城郊地区多样而动态的空间形象，通过阐明城郊空间之间和内部的差异，填补了目前有关地球城市化文献的空白。本研究通过主成分分析、聚类分析、关联分析和方差分析，勾勒出罗马尼亚城市景观中人口、经济和空间变化的独特模式。该类型学不仅突出了城郊发展的复杂性，还为研究塑造这些地区的社会经济力量提供了重要框架。我们表明，城郊空间表现出相当大的异质性；它们的形成过程、动态、与核心城市的关系以及发展轨迹都有很大差异，并取决于具体情况。这就是我们综合所说的城郊发展所产生的不均衡和不同的空间形象。我们扩大了 "空间具象 "框架，该框架源于勒菲夫的空间生产试验论，挑战了城乡二分法，并强调了不连续的、历史上根深蒂固的城郊地区的跨尺度动态变化。该文为该领域新出现的学术研究做出了贡献，该领域的研究重点已从研究城郊空间的出现转向探讨这些空间形态的不同类型及其内部变化。

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引用次数: 0

Unraveling the complex nexus: How residential land with diverse functions shapes the spatial dynamics of urban burglary 解开复杂的联系：具有不同功能的住宅用地如何形成城市盗窃的空间动态

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105554

Guangwen Song , Jiaxin Zheng , Jiaxin Feng , Xiaoxue Li , Chunxia Zhang , Luzi Xiao

An existing disparity between the actual and planned land use function for a given parcel highlights a knowledge gap in how mixed-use residential parcels influence burglary spatial patterns. To bridge this gap, our study leverages land use data and Points of Interest (POIs) to categorize residential land into distinct types, and further explore the influence of mixed-use residential land and housing types on the spatial distribution of burglary rates. Key findings reveal that: 1) Residential land can be segmented into three distinct categories: pure residential, residential-office, and residential-commercial. 2) While a significant relationship is not observed between residential-office land and burglary, both pure residential and residential-commercial land exhibit a notable increase in burglary occurrences, with the latter exerting the most significant impact. 3) Notably, the commercial environment significantly heightens the attractiveness of high-end commercial housing for burglary, whereas for affordable housing, the commercial environment enhances its deterrent effect against burglary. This dichotomy is attributed to the spatial service scope and target clientele of commercial facilities. The findings furnish a scientific rationale for burglary prevention and control strategies across diverse community types, ultimately contributing to a safer urban environment. Furthermore, the implications of this research are applicable to cities globally grappling with the challenge of managing mixed-use residential land safety in the context of urbanization.

特定地块的实际土地使用功能与规划土地使用功能之间存在差异，这凸显出在混合用途住宅地块如何影响入室盗窃空间模式方面存在知识空白。为了弥补这一差距，我们的研究利用土地利用数据和兴趣点（POIs）将住宅用地划分为不同类型，并进一步探讨混合用途住宅用地和住宅类型对入室盗窃案发生率空间分布的影响。主要研究结果表明1) 住宅用地可分为三种不同类型：纯住宅用地、住宅-办公用地和住宅-商业用地。2）虽然住宅-办公用地与入室盗窃之间没有明显的关系，但纯住宅用地和住宅-商业用地的入室盗窃发生率都明显上升，其中后者的影响最大。3）值得注意的是，商业环境显著增强了高端商品房对入室盗窃的吸引力，而对于经济适用房而言，商业环境则增强了其对入室盗窃的威慑力。这种对立是由于商业设施的空间服务范围和目标客户群造成的。研究结果为不同类型社区的入室盗窃防控策略提供了科学依据，最终有助于提高城市环境的安全性。此外，这项研究的意义还适用于全球城市在城市化进程中应对混合用途住宅用地安全管理挑战的情况。

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引用次数: 0

Equality in the water: How does water ecological civilization city policy enhance inclusive development in China? 水中的平等：水生态文明城市政策如何促进中国的包容性发展？

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105555

Congyu Zhao , Lingqiang Kong , Chao Zhong , Na Ying

This paper constructs an index system to measure the level of inclusive development in China's 283 cities during 2005–2021, and then empirically examines the spatial impact of water ecological civilization city policy, an environmental regulation policy, on inclusive development, based on the spatial difference-in-differences approach. This study offers some fresh insights with the following research findings. First, water ecological civilization city policy plays a positive role in stimulating inclusive development not only in pilot cities locally, but also in surrounding cities due to the spatial spillover effect. Moreover, the spatial spillover effects attenuate as the distance thresholds expand. Second, the heterogeneous impact of water ecological civilization city policy on inclusive development is confirmed, which is more effective in cities with lower population density, lower Engel coefficient, and that are resource-based. Third, water ecological civilization city policy directly promotes inclusive development by accelerating affluence, harmony, and sustainability, which are three pillars of inclusive development. Fourth, this paper also figures out two mediators between the nexus of water ecological civilization city policy and inclusive development, namely residential medical expenditure and human capital, which successfully advanced the current academic findings regarding the negative role of environmental pollution in people's living health and work conditions.

本文构建了衡量 2005-2021 年中国 283 个城市包容性发展水平的指标体系，并基于空间差分法，实证检验了水生态文明城市政策这一环境调控政策对包容性发展的空间影响。本研究通过以下研究成果提出了一些新的见解。首先，水生态文明城市政策不仅对试点城市本地的包容性发展起到了积极的促进作用，而且由于空间溢出效应，还对周边城市的包容性发展起到了积极的促进作用。而且，空间溢出效应随着距离阈值的扩大而减弱。第二，证实了水生态文明城市政策对包容性发展的异质性影响，在人口密度较低、恩格尔系数较低、资源型城市中，水生态文明城市政策更有效。第三，水生态文明城市政策通过加速富裕、和谐和可持续这三个包容性发展的支柱，直接促进包容性发展。第四，本文还发现了水生态文明城市政策与包容性发展之间的两个中介因素，即居民医疗支出和人力资本，成功地推进了当前关于环境污染对人们生活健康和工作条件的负面作用的学术研究结论。

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引用次数: 0

Deciphering the new governance experiment of dilapidated neighborhoods in China: A case of Xi'ma New Village, Wuhan 解读中国破旧小区的新治理实验：武汉西马新村案例

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105569

Zhouwei Hu , Zhigang Li

Approximately 100 million residents in Chinese cities inhabit former work-unit neighborhoods and municipal housing areas. Since the 1990s, the state has retreated from the direct provision of neighborhood services. However, as the alternative approach, commercialized property management has largely failed in these neighborhoods, leading to their gradual decline into “dilapidated neighborhoods.” Consequently, the poor living conditions and inadequate services severely constrained the well-being of these residents. Recently, new governance experiments have emerged in dilapidated neighborhoods across Chinese cities, warranting significant attention and exploration. Drawing on fieldwork and interviews conducted from 2019 to 2023 in Xi'ma New Village, Wuhan City, this research investigates the evolving governance shaped by affordable property management. Our findings indicate that, first, when sponsoring dilapidated neighbourhoods for affordable property management, the state's rationale is to address the crisis and alleviate social tensions; second, state leadership is reinforced through a multi-scalar governance network surrounding property management; third, in this case, the process of how the state achieved the above goals through deploying and mobilizing market and society exemplifies “state entrepreneurialism” in Chinese cities. Thus, the study offers nuanced insights, particularly at the neighborhood level, enabling readers to understand the evolving governance modalities in Chinese cities, especially in the context of (re)increasing state control and leadership.

中国城市中约有 1 亿居民居住在原单位小区和市政住宅区。自 20 世纪 90 年代以来，国家已不再直接提供小区服务。然而，作为替代方式，商业化的物业管理在这些小区基本失效，导致它们逐渐沦为 "破旧小区"。因此，恶劣的居住条件和不完善的服务严重制约了这些居民的福祉。近来，中国城市中的破旧小区出现了新的治理实验，值得关注和探索。本研究通过 2019 年至 2023 年在武汉市西马新村进行的实地调查和访谈，探讨了经济适用房物业管理所塑造的不断发展的治理方式。我们的研究结果表明：第一，在赞助破旧小区进行经济适用房管理时，国家的理由是解决危机和缓解社会紧张；第二，国家领导力通过围绕物业管理的多尺度治理网络得到强化；第三，在本案例中，国家如何通过部署和动员市场与社会来实现上述目标的过程体现了中国城市中的 "国家企业家精神"。因此，本研究提供了细致入微的见解，尤其是在街区层面，使读者能够理解中国城市不断演变的治理模式，尤其是在国家控制和领导力（重新）增强的背景下。

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引用次数: 0

Implementing without evaluating: The missing link in understanding the effectiveness of financial incentive programs for e-bikes 实施而不评估：了解电动自行车财政激励计划有效性的缺失环节

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105528

Hossein Nosratzadeh , Debjit Bhowmick , Ana Belén Ríos Carmona , Lauren Pearson , Jason Thompson , Thao Thai , Ben Beck

The surging popularity of electric bicycles aligns with global objectives for active and sustainable mobility, a cornerstone of transportation policy. However, persistent barriers such as inadequate infrastructure and safety concerns, coupled with the steep cost of e-bikes, hinder their widespread adoption. To address the latter issue, various financial incentive programs have been implemented with the aim of increasing e-bike use. This review synthesises existing evidence to assess the effectiveness of these incentives in promoting modal shift to e-bikes. The review highlights the scarcity of published evidence on the effectiveness of financial incentive programs, which limits our understanding of the most effective design and structure of such schemes to inform policy. Despite this, findings from available studies indicate an increase in e-bike use and a corresponding decrease in car use among participants in the reviewed programs. There is a critical need for more rigorous studies, preferably employing experimental or quasi-experimental longitudinal designs, to comprehensively assess the effectiveness of e-bike financial incentive programs in delivering e-bike uptake and modal shift away from cars.

电动自行车的迅速普及符合全球积极和可持续交通的目标，这也是交通政策的基石。然而，基础设施不足和安全问题等长期存在的障碍，再加上电动自行车昂贵的价格，阻碍了电动自行车的广泛应用。为了解决后一个问题，人们实施了各种财政激励计划，以提高电动自行车的使用率。本综述综合了现有证据，以评估这些激励措施在促进电动自行车使用模式转变方面的有效性。综述强调，有关财政激励计划有效性的公开证据很少，这限制了我们对此类计划最有效的设计和结构的理解，从而无法为政策提供依据。尽管如此，现有的研究结果表明，电动自行车的使用率有所提高，而在所审查的项目中，参与者的汽车使用率也相应降低。我们亟需进行更严格的研究，最好采用实验或准实验纵向设计，以全面评估电动自行车财政激励项目在提高电动自行车使用率和减少汽车使用方面的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

How digital village construction affects to the effectiveness of rural governance? — Research on the NCA and QCA methods 数字乡村建设如何影响乡村治理的成效？- NCA和QCA方法研究

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105514

Zhimin He , Meiling Chen , Dongming Gu

Digital village construction is not only an effective tool to promote rural revitalization and enhance rural development but also provides crucial support for the modernization and transformation of rural governance (RG). This study utilized a mixed-method approach combining necessary condition analysis and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis to analyze the 84 pilot districts of digital village policies in China in groups. A combination of factors influenced RG effectiveness in the context of digital village construction at both the social and technical system levels. Moreover, no single antecedent variable was a necessary factor in influencing RG effectiveness. Instead, seven antecedent variables, when combined, created four configurations that improved RG effectiveness. The analysis of regional heterogeneity revealed significant differences between the types of configurations that enhanced RG effectiveness in western China and those in central and eastern China. By revealing the interactions between factors of digital RG, the results provide insights for further enhancing RG effectiveness in the context of digital rural development.

数字乡村建设不仅是推动乡村振兴、促进农村发展的有效手段，也为乡村治理现代化转型提供了重要支撑。本研究采用必要条件分析法和模糊集定性比较分析法相结合的混合方法，对中国 84 个数字乡村政策试点地区进行分组分析。在数字乡村建设背景下，社会和技术系统两个层面的综合因素影响了农村治理的有效性。此外，没有任何一个前因变量是影响 RG 效果的必要因素。相反，七个前因变量结合在一起，形成了四种提高地区治理有效性的配置。对地区异质性的分析表明，中国西部地区与中国中部和东部地区提高研究与培训效果的配置类型存在显著差异。通过揭示数字农村发展各因素之间的相互作用，研究结果为在数字农村发展背景下进一步提高农村发展的有效性提供了启示。

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引用次数: 0

Unraveling the heterogeneity of pathways linking residential green space quantity and quality to the well-being of older adults in different housing price communities 揭示不同房价社区中居住绿地的数量和质量与老年人福祉之间的联系途径的异质性

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105561

Jinguang Zhang , Tianyu Xia , Yingyi Cheng , Shuai Zhou , Ziying Cai , Bing Zhao , Payam Dadvand

Preliminary evidence suggests that socioeconomically disadvantaged groups may derive greater health benefits from residential green space (RGS); however, the heterogeneity of the mechanisms underlying the health effects of RGS across socioeconomic status strata remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between RGS quantity and quality and subjective well-being (SWB) in older adults, and to unravel the variation in this association and its mechanisms based on housing price levels (as an SES proxy), using a sample of 439 older adults in Nanjing, China. Multivariate linear models and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to evaluate the association between RGS and SWB and to examine their underlying pathways. Multi-group SEM analysis was employed to investigate the effect modification of SES on these pathways. We found that RGS was positively associated with SWB by promoting physical activity and social cohesion, and by reducing perceived air pollution and noise. Older adults in low-SES communities were more likely to benefit from RGS exposure. These variations could be partially explained by differences in physical activity and social cohesion, which were more pertinent for older adults in low-SES communities. Our findings have implications for green interventions aimed at achieving health equity in underdeveloped urban environments.

初步证据表明，社会经济处境不利的群体可能从居住绿地（RGS）中获得更大的健康益处；然而，不同社会经济地位阶层的 RGS 对健康影响的内在机制的异质性仍不清楚。本研究以中国南京市的 439 名老年人为样本，旨在探讨居住绿地的数量和质量与老年人主观幸福感（SWB）之间的关联，并根据房价水平（作为社会经济地位的代表）揭示这种关联的差异及其机制。研究采用多变量线性模型和结构方程建模（SEM）来评估 RGS 与 SWB 之间的关系，并研究两者之间的内在联系。我们还采用了多组 SEM 分析来研究社会经济地位对这些途径的影响。我们发现，通过促进体育活动和社会凝聚力，以及减少空气污染和噪音，RGS 与 SWB 呈正相关。低社会经济地位社区中的老年人更有可能从接触 RGS 中受益。这些差异可部分归因于体育活动和社会凝聚力的不同，而体育活动和社会凝聚力与低社会经济地位社区的老年人更相关。我们的研究结果对旨在欠发达城市环境中实现健康公平的绿色干预措施具有启示意义。

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引用次数: 0

Women's perceived safety in public places and public transport: A narrative review of contributing factors and measurement methods 妇女在公共场所和公共交通中的安全感：对促成因素和测量方法的叙述性审查

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105534

Shreya Dubey , Ajay Bailey , Jinwoo (Brian) Lee

Women's perception of safety in public spaces is influenced not only by potential risks of crime or accidents but also by diverse built environment, individual, and social characteristics. These impacts can manifest through a disruption of social engagement and outdoor activities, which can negatively affect their mobility, overall quality of life, and well-being. This study employs a narrative review approach of 32 academic articles to identify various factors that can affect women's perception of safety in public places and while using public transport. We further selected 21 studies that provide substantive data on the built environment, individual characteristics, and social factors, while also examining their intersectionality. By adopting an intersectionality framework, we evaluated the relative importance of each factor based on its consistency and prominence in previous research and assessed their significance in contributing to women's perception of safety. The findings highlight the importance of urban design and built environment improvements, such as street lighting and walking path conditions, in enhancing women's perceived safety. They also suggest integrating social and built factors into safety strategies and emphasise the potential of emerging technologies for collecting data and assessing safety perceptions across diverse populations.

妇女对公共场所安全的感知不仅受到犯罪或事故潜在风险的影响，还受到不同建筑环境、个人和社会特征的影响。这些影响可能表现为社交活动和户外活动的中断，从而对她们的行动能力、整体生活质量和幸福感产生负面影响。本研究通过对 32 篇学术文章进行叙事性回顾，找出了可能影响女性在公共场所和使用公共交通工具时安全感的各种因素。我们进一步选择了 21 项研究，这些研究提供了有关建筑环境、个人特征和社会因素的实质性数据，同时还考察了这些因素的交叉性。通过采用交叉性框架，我们根据每个因素在以往研究中的一致性和显著性，评估了它们的相对重要性，并评估了它们在促进女性安全感方面的重要性。研究结果强调了城市设计和建筑环境改善（如街道照明和步行路径条件）对提高女性安全感的重要性。他们还建议将社会和建筑因素纳入安全战略，并强调了新兴技术在收集数据和评估不同人群安全感方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

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