IF 6.6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2026.106830

Jihan Park , Donghyun Kim

This study explores the co-evolution of regional skill structures and labor market processes across US metropolitan statistical areas. Using median occupational wages from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, we distinguished low-, middle-, and high-wage jobs and typified labor markets based on changes in their employment shares. We calculated skill relatedness from occupational skill indicators in the Occupational Information Network and constructed a skill network. Community detection identified distinct skill domains, which were then used to compute regional skill relatedness densities. We identified regional labor market dynamics as upgrading, downgrading, middling, and polarizing, with upgrading dominating in 2013–2023. Further, we grouped skills into social–cognitive and sensory–physical domains, with regions focusing on specific skill activities. However, there was no generalizable association between regional skill activities and labor market restructuring. The results indicated that labor market evolution is not shaped by deterministic skill structures but by the shifting dynamics of relatedness. In examining the co-evolution of technological change and labor markets, the evolutionary lens may provide a useful complement to deterministic perspectives. The temporal, multidimensional, and regionally contingent patterns of labor market evolution highlight the need for place-based workforce development strategies and time-sensitive policy interventions.

本研究探讨了美国大都市统计区的区域技能结构和劳动力市场过程的共同演变。我们利用《职业就业与工资统计》中的职业工资中位数，区分了低、中、高工资岗位，并根据其就业份额的变化对劳动力市场进行了分类。利用职业信息网中的职业技能指标计算技能关联度，构建技能网络。社区检测识别出不同的技能域，然后用它来计算区域技能相关密度。2013-2023年，区域劳动力市场动态呈现升级、降级、中等和极化趋势，其中升级趋势占主导地位。此外，我们将技能分为社会认知和感觉物理领域，并将区域集中在特定的技能活动上。然而，区域技能活动和劳动力市场结构调整之间没有普遍的联系。结果表明，劳动力市场的演变不是由确定性的技能结构决定的，而是由相关性的动态变化决定的。在研究技术变革和劳动力市场的共同进化时，进化视角可以为确定性视角提供有用的补充。劳动力市场演变的时间、多维和区域偶发模式突出了基于地点的劳动力发展战略和具有时效性的政策干预的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Mapping urban functional metabolism transformation: A geospatial analysis of policy-driven evolution 城市功能代谢转换映射：政策驱动演化的地理空间分析

IF 6.6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2026.106815

Yaotian Xu , Ling Yang , Andi Li , Jingjie Sun , Xiao Xiao , Jingzhong Li , Bing Xue

Cities, functioning as complex organic systems, face escalating metabolic imbalances in core functions due to rapid and often unregulated growth. This necessitates a paradigm shift toward sustainable development through holistic systemic regulation. This study develops an urban functional metabolism framework which integrates dual-dimensional metrics of policy-driven dynamics and functional metabolic efficiency. Through policy text analysis and urban functional metabolic accounting, the endogenous patterns and sustainability of urban functional metabolic system exemplified by Shenyang's municipal districts have been scientifically evaluated. The results demonstrate that urban functions are driven and regulated by six major policy types across a four-stage sequence—target anchoring (T1/T2/T3), spatial reconstruction (T4), system improvement (T5), and innovation incubation (T6), and concurrently uncover the spatial-temporal synergistic-tradeoff relationships, and the spatial distribution of metabolism efficiency among the three major urban functions. These findings underpin specific multi-scale spatio-temporal intervention strategies to optimize urban metabolic patterns and resolve resource misallocation. Furthermore, the study provides a transferable systemic solution, integrating institutional design, spatial response, and metabolic optimization for sustainable urban governance.

城市作为一个复杂的有机系统，由于快速且不受管制的增长，其核心功能面临着不断升级的代谢失衡。这就需要通过全面的系统调节，向可持续发展转变模式。本研究开发了一个城市功能代谢框架，该框架整合了政策驱动动力学和功能代谢效率的二维指标。通过政策文本分析和城市功能代谢核算，科学评价了以沈阳市辖区为例的城市功能代谢系统的内生模式和可持续性。研究结果表明，城市功能受六大政策类型的驱动和调控，经历了序列目标锚定（T1/T2/T3）、空间重构（T4）、制度完善（T5）和创新孵化（T6）四个阶段，揭示了三大城市功能之间的时空协同权衡关系和代谢效率的空间分布。这些发现为优化城市代谢模式和解决资源错配提供了具体的多尺度时空干预策略。此外，该研究为可持续城市治理提供了一个可转移的系统解决方案，将制度设计、空间响应和代谢优化相结合。

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引用次数: 0

Profiles of smart cities in Canadian: Between essence and challenges 加拿大智慧城市概况：在本质与挑战之间

IF 6.6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2026.106811

Sergueï Kimvi, Stéphanie Gagnon

The past few decades have seen an exponential increase in publications on smart cities. However, the under-experimentation of existing models and underuse of quantitative techniques are challenges that still need to be addressed. This study analyses discourse on smart cities of 130 Canadian communities using the six characteristics proposed by Giffinger and colleagues (2010). Based on cluster analysis, the study reveals that the six characteristics of the Giffinger model are clearly present in smart city discourse. Results also highlight the existence of three distinct groups of smart city profiles. While Group 1 reflects a hybrid perspective, Groups 2 and 3 present contrasting visions. On the one hand, Group 2 aligns with an instrumental perspective of smart cities in response to societal challenges, primarily mobilizing the characteristics of smart economy, smart mobility, smart environment, and smart living. Generally, communities associated with this profile are medium-sized, use first-generation technologies, and receive average scores during the preliminary evaluation of their applications. On the other hand, Group 3 reflects an enabling perspective centered on social actors (citizens and organizations), emphasizing the characteristics of smart people and smart governance. These communities tend to be larger, use second-generation technologies, and obtain higher scores in the preliminary evaluations. These findings not only open avenues for future research but may also inspire decision-makers interested in pursuing projects of this nature.

在过去的几十年里，关于智慧城市的出版物呈指数级增长。然而，现有模型的实验不足和定量技术的使用不足仍然是需要解决的挑战。本研究使用Giffinger及其同事（2010）提出的六个特征分析了130个加拿大社区的智慧城市话语。基于聚类分析，研究发现吉芬格模型的六个特征在智慧城市话语中明显存在。研究结果还强调了智慧城市概况的三种不同类型。第一组反映了一种混合的视角，而第二组和第三组则呈现出截然不同的视角。一方面，第2组与智慧城市的工具视角一致，以应对社会挑战，主要动员智能经济，智能移动，智能环境和智能生活的特征。通常，与此概要相关联的社区是中等规模的，使用第一代技术，并且在其应用程序的初步评估期间获得平均分数。另一方面，第3组反映了以社会行动者（公民和组织）为中心的赋能视角，强调聪明人和智能治理的特征。这些社区往往更大，使用第二代技术，并在初步评估中获得更高的分数。这些发现不仅为未来的研究开辟了道路，而且还可能激励对从事这种性质的项目感兴趣的决策者。

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引用次数: 0

Building the future: How real-estate developers perceive their role in climate-friendly and social sustainable urban planning 建设未来：房地产开发商如何看待他们在气候友好型和社会可持续城市规划中的作用

IF 6.6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2026.106857

Gro Sandkjær Hanssen

The ongoing process of urbanization, coupled with the urgent need for a profound climate transition, underscores the timeliness and necessity of integrating sustainability considerations within the building sector. Real-estate projects are responsible for about 36% of CO2 emissions in the European Union (European Commission, 2019). This study investigates how public and private real-estate developers conceptualize their responsibilities in promoting climate-friendly and socially sustainable urban development, and whether these perceptions differ across actor groups. The analysis is situated within a Nordic context, focusing on Norway—a country characterized by a neoliberal housing market in which substantial responsibility for detailed planning and housing production has been delegated to private real-estate firms. Drawing on a unique quantitative dataset comprising responses from both public and private developers, the findings suggest an emerging, more nuanced understanding of sustainable construction practices. While the dominant focus remains on energy efficiency, technical performance, and functional standards, developers increasingly incorporate broader sustainability principles, such as reuse and circularity. Notably, environmental concerns related to biodiversity and nature preservation appear to be the least developed among the actors.

The study also reveals a growing awareness within the building sector regarding its role in fostering socially sustainable urban environments, except ensuring inclusive housing markets. One of the most unexpected findings was the convergence in perspectives between public and private developers, suggesting a shared set of values despite differing formal mandates.

正在进行的城市化进程，加上对深刻气候转型的迫切需要，强调了将可持续性考虑纳入建筑部门的及时性和必要性。房地产项目约占欧盟二氧化碳排放量的36%（欧盟委员会，2019年）。本研究探讨了公共和私营房地产开发商在促进气候友好型和社会可持续城市发展方面的责任概念，以及这些观念在行动者群体之间是否存在差异。该分析是在北欧的背景下进行的，重点放在挪威——一个以新自由主义住房市场为特征的国家，在这个国家，详细规划和住房生产的实质性责任被委托给了私人房地产公司。基于一个独特的定量数据集，包括来自公共和私人开发商的回应，研究结果表明，人们对可持续建筑实践有了一个新兴的、更细致的理解。虽然主要的焦点仍然是能源效率、技术性能和功能标准，但开发人员越来越多地将更广泛的可持续性原则纳入其中，例如重用和循环。值得注意的是，与生物多样性和自然保护有关的环境问题似乎是行动者中最不发达的。该研究还表明，除了确保包容性住房市场外，建筑行业越来越意识到其在促进社会可持续城市环境方面的作用。最令人意想不到的发现之一是，公共和私人开发商的观点趋于一致，这表明尽管正式授权不同，但他们拥有共同的价值观。

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引用次数: 0

Delineating public life-oriented metro station catchment areas: A framework integrating empirical observation, street view imagery, and machine learning 描绘以公共生活为导向的地铁站集水区：一个整合经验观察、街景图像和机器学习的框架

IF 6.6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2026.106865

Chenhao Duan , Yong Chen

Metro station areas typically feature distinct concentric catchment areas. However, previous Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) models primarily rely on empirical walking distances to define these catchments, lacking quantitative exploration from a public life perspective. This study proposes a data-driven framework integrating empirical observations, street view imagery, and machine learning to delineate public life-oriented metro station catchments. Using 973 streets in Shanghai's 28 high-passenger-volume metro station areas as a case study, this research employed a CatBoost model to identify heterogeneity in factors influencing public life and determine optimal catchment delineation while analyzing the varying impacts of street morphology across different catchment areas. The research identifies optimal thresholds at 250 and 450 m network distance, dividing station areas into core, secondary, and peripheral areas—significantly smaller than thresholds in transportation research. The study reveals distinct influence patterns across catchments: public space quality dominates in core areas, while land use and street network characteristics exert a greater influence in secondary areas, and peripheral areas require a balanced excellence across multiple dimensions. The analysis further identifies catchment-specific thresholds for key variables, with optimal thresholds for catering service, sidewalk width, and building interface transparency ratio gradually decreasing from core to peripheral areas. This study provides a human-centered methodology for TOD planning and offers empirical support for differentiated street design strategies around metro stations, contributing to developing station areas as vibrant hubs of public life.

地铁站区域通常具有明显的同心集水区。然而，以前的公交导向发展（TOD）模型主要依赖于经验步行距离来定义这些集水区，缺乏从公共生活角度的定量探索。本研究提出了一个数据驱动的框架，整合了经验观察、街景图像和机器学习，以描绘以公共生活为导向的地铁站集水区。本研究以上海28个高客流量地铁站点区域的973条街道为研究对象，采用CatBoost模型分析了影响公共生活因素的异质性，并确定了最优集水区划分，同时分析了不同集水区街道形态的不同影响。该研究确定了250米和450米网络距离的最佳阈值，将站点区域划分为核心区域、次要区域和外围区域，这明显小于交通研究中的阈值。研究揭示了不同流域的不同影响模式：核心区的公共空间质量占主导地位，而土地利用和街道网络特征对次要地区的影响更大，而外围地区则需要在多个维度上平衡卓越。分析进一步确定了关键变量的流域特定阈值，餐饮服务、人行道宽度和建筑界面透明度比的最佳阈值从核心区域到外围区域逐渐减少。本研究为TOD规划提供了一种以人为本的方法，并为地铁车站周围的差异化街道设计策略提供了实证支持，有助于将车站区域发展成为充满活力的公共生活中心。

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引用次数: 0

IF 6.6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2026.106808

Hui Shi , Zhen You , Konstadinos G. Goulias

Research has shown that COVID-19 has impacted both short- and long-term aspects of individuals' daily schedules, yet its effects on metropolitan versus nonmetropolitan residents remain underexplored. Leveraging American Time Use Survey data from 2019 to 2023, this study applies diversity indices, sequence analysis, and statistical methods to investigate the pandemic's differential influence on metropolitan and nonmetropolitan daily routines, focusing on time allocation and travel behaviors. The results reveal a significant reduction in out-of-home activities and travel during the pandemic in both metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, followed by a partial recovery after vaccination; however, out-of-home activity levels remained below pre-pandemic levels, with this gap being more pronounced in metropolitan regions. Although the total number of road users declined, traffic congestion did not necessarily ease, as the travel population became less evenly distributed during a day by 2023 in both regions. In metropolitan areas, morning and midday peak hours dispersed, while evening travel remained substantially high. Moreover, seven distinct daily time allocation patterns including travel were identified over the past five years, with their frequency in the population evolving differently between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan residents. Approximately 10 million metropolitan residents transitioned to working from home in 2023. These findings underscore the importance of policies supporting electromobility and decentralized energy production. Continued trend analysis with larger samples is needed, as post-vaccination behaviors have yet to reach stability.

研究表明，COVID-19影响了个人日常安排的短期和长期方面，但其对大都市居民和非大都市居民的影响仍未得到充分探讨。本研究利用2019 - 2023年美国人时间使用调查数据，运用多样性指数、序列分析和统计学方法，研究疫情对大都市和非大都市日常生活的差异影响，重点研究时间分配和出行行为。结果显示，在大流行期间，大都市和非大都市地区的户外活动和旅行显著减少，然后在接种疫苗后部分恢复；然而，户外活动水平仍然低于大流行前的水平，这一差距在大都市地区更为明显。尽管道路使用者总数有所下降，但交通拥堵并不一定会缓解，因为到2023年，这两个地区每天的出行人口分布不那么均匀。在大都市地区，上午和中午的高峰时间分散，而晚上的旅行仍然相当高。此外，在过去的五年中，我们发现了七种不同的日常时间分配模式，包括旅行，它们在人口中的频率在大都市和非大都市居民之间的演变不同。2023年，大约有1000万大都市居民过渡到在家工作。这些发现强调了支持电动汽车和分散能源生产的政策的重要性。由于疫苗接种后的行为尚未达到稳定，因此需要对更大样本进行持续的趋势分析。

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引用次数: 0

The gambler's fallacy in housing price expectations: Evidence from China 房价预期中的赌徒谬误：来自中国的证据

IF 6.6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2026.106853

Xueying Lu , Yinghao Pan

This paper documents evidence of the gambler's fallacy in housing market expectations using representative microdata from China. Contrary to the extrapolative expectations typically observed in Western markets, we find that a 1 percentage point increase in experienced city-level housing prices reduces the probability of expecting future price increases by approximately 0.3 to 0.4 percentage points. This pattern is consistent with a theoretical framework integrating the gambler's fallacy with prospect theory, where expectations incorporate both a belief in price reversals and reference-dependent evaluation. Our empirical analysis confirms that risk attitudes mediate the relationship between price experiences and expectations, with asymmetric responses to perceived gains and losses relative to endogenously-determined reference points. The gambler's fallacy exhibits heterogeneity across demographic groups, being more significant among urban residents, homeowners, and the highly educated.

本文利用具有代表性的中国微观数据，证明了房地产市场预期中的赌徒谬误。与西方市场通常观察到的外推预期相反，我们发现，经验丰富的城市一级房价每上涨1个百分点，预期未来价格上涨的可能性就会降低约0.3至0.4个百分点。这种模式与一个整合了赌徒谬误和前景理论的理论框架是一致的，其中预期既包括对价格逆转的信念，也包括对参考依赖的评估。我们的实证分析证实，风险态度调解了价格经验和预期之间的关系，相对于内因决定的参考点，对感知收益和损失的反应是不对称的。赌徒谬误在不同的人口群体中表现出异质性，在城市居民、房主和受过高等教育的人群中更为显著。

引用次数: 0

The disappearing town planner and layout: “Economic rules for town planning” as a government activity reconsidered 消失的城市规划与布局：作为政府活动的“城市规划的经济规律”再思考

IF 6.6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2026.106816

Lawrence W.C. Lai

This commentary discusses two rules for town planning proposed by economists; explains that these rules need to be contextualised in terms of the role of a government planner, as well as the institutional and physical constraints posed by town layouts; and points out that rules are essential for planning.

这篇评论讨论了经济学家提出的两个城镇规划规则；解释这些规则需要结合政府规划师的角色，以及城镇布局所带来的制度和物理限制；并指出规则对于规划至关重要。

引用次数: 0

Green infrastructure–urban planning nexus: Role, discourse and possibilities in achieving socio-ecological sustainability and resilience 绿色基础设施与城市规划关系：实现社会生态可持续性和弹性的角色、话语和可能性

IF 6.6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2026.106810

Shafi'’u Adamu , Huang Yong , Ashiru Bello , Danjuma Abdu Yusuf , Nisha Shrestha Balaya , Muhammad Alhaji

Urban areas are increasingly grappling with the dual challenges of rapid urbanization and environmental degradation, while also facing growing socio-economic inequalities and the impacts of climate change. Green Infrastructure (GI) has emerged as a promising solution to address these complex issues, offering ecological, social, and economic benefits. However, the integration of GI into urban planning often overlooks critical social dimensions, particularly the risks of green gentrification and the financialization of green spaces. This paper critiques current planning practices that prioritize the quantity of green space over quality, emphasizing the need for spaces that are not only functional, accessible, and culturally relevant, but also shielded from market-driven forces that may commodify nature and displace vulnerable communities. By highlighting the risks of environmental gentrification, we advocate for inclusive, participatory governance models and emphasize the importance of community involvement to ensure that green spaces serve as both ecological and social resources. The paper proposes a framework that integrates the principles of distributive, procedural, and recognitional justice, aiming to address urban inequalities, foster resilience, and prevent displacement. Ultimately, it calls for a paradigm shift in GI planning—one that accounts for the complex interplay between social constructions of nature, financial interests, and the equitable distribution of benefits, ensuring that GI contributes to more resilient and ‘just’ urban futures.

城市地区正日益努力应对快速城市化和环境退化的双重挑战，同时还面临着日益严重的社会经济不平等和气候变化的影响。绿色基础设施（GI）已成为解决这些复杂问题的一种有希望的解决方案，可提供生态、社会和经济效益。然而，将地理标志整合到城市规划中往往忽略了关键的社会维度，特别是绿色高档化和绿色空间金融化的风险。本文批评了当前的规划实践，即优先考虑绿色空间的数量而不是质量，强调空间不仅需要功能性、可达性和文化相关性，而且要避免市场驱动的力量将自然商品化并取代脆弱的社区。通过强调环境高档化的风险，我们倡导包容性、参与性的治理模式，并强调社区参与的重要性，以确保绿色空间既是生态资源，也是社会资源。本文提出了一个整合分配正义、程序正义和承认正义原则的框架，旨在解决城市不平等问题，增强韧性，防止流离失所。最后，报告呼吁改变地理标志规划的模式，考虑到自然社会结构、经济利益和利益公平分配之间复杂的相互作用，确保地理标志有助于建设更具弹性和“公正”的城市未来。

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引用次数: 0

Collaborative governance strategy for global city carbon emission reduction: Insights from causal network and community analysis 全球城市碳减排的协同治理策略：基于因果网络和社区分析的见解

IF 6.6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2026.106814

Xiaoyan Li , Xuedong Liang , Guohao Zhang , Li Yi

This study develops a collaborative governance strategy for global cities to curb carbon emissions. To this end, two AI algorithms based on the message passing neural network are proposed. The first is a causal discovery method using an improved magnetic Laplacian to distinguish between convergent and divergent intercity emission causality. The second is a community detection method using a refined Markov process to identify city clusters by causal strength. Empirical findings characterize the intercity emission-causality network across thousands of cities worldwide: it predominantly exhibits convergent causality, distinct core-periphery structure, high connectivity, and overlapping, permeable community boundaries. These characteristics provide a structural basis for coordinated action and rapid policy diffusion among cities, enabling scalable cooperation and transnational effects. Grounded in the network characteristics, the collaboration strategy is distilled into a pathway from local to global governance: (1) leverage convergent causality to build consensus; (2) empower core cities to lead priority tasks; (3) form compact groups for efficient implementation; and (4) foster cross-community synergies that connect global cooperation. Introducing the collaboration strategy, the study advances collective action theory and maps the intricate causal interdependencies of city emissions. It contributes a suite of algorithms that produce AI-driven insights for adaptive transnational governance.

本研究提出了全球城市协同治理策略以抑制碳排放。为此，提出了两种基于消息传递神经网络的人工智能算法。第一种是因果发现方法，使用改进的磁拉普拉斯算子来区分收敛和发散的城际发射因果关系。第二种是社区检测方法，使用改进的马尔可夫过程根据因果强度识别城市群。实证结果表明，全球数千个城市的城际排放因果关系网络主要表现为趋同因果关系、独特的核心-外围结构、高度连通性和重叠、可渗透的社区边界。这些特点为城市间的协调行动和快速政策扩散提供了结构基础，从而实现了可扩展的合作和跨国效应。基于网络特征，将协作策略提炼为从地方治理到全球治理的路径：(1)利用趋同因果关系构建共识；(2)授权核心城市主导重点任务；(3)形成紧凑的小组，以便有效地实施；(4)促进连接全球合作的跨社区协同效应。引入合作策略，该研究推进了集体行动理论，并绘制了城市排放复杂的因果关系图。它提供了一套算法，为适应性跨国治理提供人工智能驱动的见解。

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引用次数: 0

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