Pub Date : 2024-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105560
Yiru Jia , Nicky Morrison
Gated communities have become the prevalent residential form in Chinese cities, following China's housing reforms. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, these gated communities became the basic unit for spatial lockdowns, as they offered an effective means to ensure quarantine control and provide basic necessities to residents behind the gates, as well as allow testing and calculating COVID-19 cases. This research focuses on affordable gated communities in Gucun, Shanghai, populated by comparatively disadvantaged households who were also disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 outbreaks. Drawing on new institutionalism as a theoretical framework, we examine the formal and informal rules adopted among the actors tasked with governing these communities before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper provides critical insights into how the pandemic has affected the different actors' power relations and governance practices, intensifying control and support towards these marginalised urban poor. We conclude, raising whether the state's enhanced presence, through its residents' committees, in neighbourhood governance will endure in Chinese post-pandemic cities.
{"title":"Power relations in affordable gated communities pre- and during COVID-19, with implications for post-pandemic Chinese cities","authors":"Yiru Jia , Nicky Morrison","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gated communities have become the prevalent residential form in Chinese cities, following China's housing reforms. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, these gated communities became the basic unit for spatial lockdowns, as they offered an effective means to ensure quarantine control and provide basic necessities to residents behind the gates, as well as allow testing and calculating COVID-19 cases. This research focuses on affordable gated communities in Gucun, Shanghai, populated by comparatively disadvantaged households who were also disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 outbreaks. Drawing on new institutionalism as a theoretical framework, we examine the formal and informal rules adopted among the actors tasked with governing these communities before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper provides critical insights into how the pandemic has affected the different actors' power relations and governance practices, intensifying control and support towards these marginalised urban poor. We conclude, raising whether the state's enhanced presence, through its residents' committees, in neighbourhood governance will endure in Chinese post-pandemic cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105560"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142560917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105547
Wenjing Li , Haoran Zhang , Wenzhou Liu , Jinyu Chen , Peiran Li , Hill Hiroki Kobayashi , Xuan Song , Ryosuke Shibasaki
The openness of a park's boundary is crucial in promoting accessibility to the park. However, there are few studies that have quantified the impact of park boundary openness on accessibility at the whole-city scale. Additionally, current assessments of urban park accessibility often overlook the actual spatial distribution of the population that utilizes park services. In this research, based on billions of GPS data records of Tokyo, Japan, we simulated the impact of park boundary openness on accessibility across various scenarios, considering the actual spatial distribution of the park visitor population across the entire city region. We analyzed the impact of park boundary openness on accessibility in different categories of parks and during different visitation times. Furthermore, we examined the marginal effect of improving park boundary openness. Our results show that park accessibility increase as the park boundary openness increase. Larger parks benefit more from an improvement in boundary openness, and visitors who live closer to parks also benefit more. Additionally, the marginal utility of boundary openness improvement decreases as the number of entrances to the park increases. Our research suggests operation strategies for park boundary openness specific to different park usage pattern should be considered and developed.
{"title":"Utilizing mobile phone big data to simulate the impact of park boundary openness on the accessibility","authors":"Wenjing Li , Haoran Zhang , Wenzhou Liu , Jinyu Chen , Peiran Li , Hill Hiroki Kobayashi , Xuan Song , Ryosuke Shibasaki","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The openness of a park's boundary is crucial in promoting accessibility to the park. However, there are few studies that have quantified the impact of park boundary openness on accessibility at the whole-city scale. Additionally, current assessments of urban park accessibility often overlook the actual spatial distribution of the population that utilizes park services. In this research, based on billions of GPS data records of Tokyo, Japan, we simulated the impact of park boundary openness on accessibility across various scenarios, considering the actual spatial distribution of the park visitor population across the entire city region. We analyzed the impact of park boundary openness on accessibility in different categories of parks and during different visitation times. Furthermore, we examined the marginal effect of improving park boundary openness. Our results show that park accessibility increase as the park boundary openness increase. Larger parks benefit more from an improvement in boundary openness, and visitors who live closer to parks also benefit more. Additionally, the marginal utility of boundary openness improvement decreases as the number of entrances to the park increases. Our research suggests operation strategies for park boundary openness specific to different park usage pattern should be considered and developed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105547"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142560916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105517
Ke Peng , Dongyang Mi , Feng Xu , Chaosu Li
The COVID-19 pandemic notably affected the retail food industry, leading us to ask which types of neighborhoods experienced a rise/decline in “unhealthy/healthy” food outlets following the pandemic. We decomposed neighborhood housing price into 2019 price and the changes since 2019 and examined the repeated cross-sectional associations of neighborhood food availability with housing price measures. Using boundaries of 1640 residential developments in inner Changsha, China, we analyzed food outlet counts within a 0.5-km radius of each development's centroid alongside housing prices and built environment characteristics. We used mixed effects linear regression models to estimate changes in, and differences between, the availability of five types of outlets within established and new developments. Established developments that had higher housing prices in 2019 had more late-night snack shops in 2019 and 2021 and fewer sit-down restaurants in 2021. Increasing housing prices were associated with fewer sit-down restaurants between 2017 and 2019 and more sit-down restaurants between 2019 and 2021 around established developments. Low housing prices might promote availability of “healthy” foods at sit-down restaurants and thereby partly protect residents from high calorie-high fat diets. Community understanding of changes and differences in food availability can provide food resilience against future risks.
{"title":"Association of neighborhood food availability with housing price in inner Changsha, China before and after the COVID-19 epidemic","authors":"Ke Peng , Dongyang Mi , Feng Xu , Chaosu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic notably affected the retail food industry, leading us to ask which types of neighborhoods experienced a rise/decline in “unhealthy/healthy” food outlets following the pandemic. We decomposed neighborhood housing price into 2019 price and the changes since 2019 and examined the repeated cross-sectional associations of neighborhood food availability with housing price measures. Using boundaries of 1640 residential developments in inner Changsha, China, we analyzed food outlet counts within a 0.5-km radius of each development's centroid alongside housing prices and built environment characteristics. We used mixed effects linear regression models to estimate changes in, and differences between, the availability of five types of outlets within established and new developments. Established developments that had higher housing prices in 2019 had more late-night snack shops in 2019 and 2021 and fewer sit-down restaurants in 2021. Increasing housing prices were associated with fewer sit-down restaurants between 2017 and 2019 and more sit-down restaurants between 2019 and 2021 around established developments. Low housing prices might promote availability of “healthy” foods at sit-down restaurants and thereby partly protect residents from high calorie-high fat diets. Community understanding of changes and differences in food availability can provide food resilience against future risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105517"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rapid urbanization is exacerbating the loss of public green spaces in many East African cities; however, little research has investigated how different urban governance practices and land tenure systems may influence green space protection. Scholars have argued that polycentric green space governance approaches and diversified land ownership regimes would lead to better protection of public green spaces. This research examines these theories by comparing two East African cities: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Kampala, Uganda. In Addis Ababa, there is a polycentric governance structure, and all public green spaces are state-owned. In Kampala, there is a monocentric governance structure and public green spaces are divided among three land tenure systems (private, communal, and state ownership). We conducted in-depth interviews with 26 stakeholders, from all tiers of government administration including decision-makers, experts, and community representatives. The interviews identified three core factors (inefficient and unenforceable legal framework, limited green space planning and implementation, poor human and financial capacity) and two supporting factors (informal decision-making process and unbalanced power relationships) leading to the gradual loss of public green spaces in both cities. While we did not find evidence to support the superiority of a polycentric governance model relative to a monocentric one, we found evidence that the presence of different land tenure systems may enhance public green space protection. Our research findings provide a more nuanced understanding of how institutional governance, green space planning strategies, and the system of land tenure contribute to the loss of public green spaces in East African cities.
{"title":"The impact of land governance and ownership regimes on public green spaces in East African cities: The case of Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) and Kampala (Uganda)","authors":"Tilahun Mulatu , Larissa Larsen , Kumilachew Yeshitella","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid urbanization is exacerbating the loss of public green spaces in many East African cities; however, little research has investigated how different urban governance practices and land tenure systems may influence green space protection. Scholars have argued that polycentric green space governance approaches and diversified land ownership regimes would lead to better protection of public green spaces. This research examines these theories by comparing two East African cities: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Kampala, Uganda. In Addis Ababa, there is a polycentric governance structure, and all public green spaces are state-owned. In Kampala, there is a monocentric governance structure and public green spaces are divided among three land tenure systems (private, communal, and state ownership). We conducted in-depth interviews with 26 stakeholders, from all tiers of government administration including decision-makers, experts, and community representatives. The interviews identified three core factors (inefficient and unenforceable legal framework, limited green space planning and implementation, poor human and financial capacity) and two supporting factors (informal decision-making process and unbalanced power relationships) leading to the gradual loss of public green spaces in both cities. While we did not find evidence to support the superiority of a polycentric governance model relative to a monocentric one, we found evidence that the presence of different land tenure systems may enhance public green space protection. Our research findings provide a more nuanced understanding of how institutional governance, green space planning strategies, and the system of land tenure contribute to the loss of public green spaces in East African cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105539"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142560915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105522
Zheng Cao , Feng Gao , Zhifeng Wu , Qifei Zhang , Zihao Zheng , Zhenjun Li , Xiaodong Hai
Mismatches between energy consumption and population have been identified as key factors in generating energy deficiency. Previous studies have focused on assessing mismatches between energy consumption and population on a global scale owing to insufficient data of sufficient spatiotemporal resolution. In this study, we propose a methodology for quantifying such mismatches using mobile phone signaling data and remote sensing nighttime light data at the global and regional scales in two cities. The mobile phone signaling data were useful for assessing global and regional mismatches between energy consumption and population. The underallocation of energy dominated the central urban areas of the study area. The underallocation of energy was more marked on weekdays. Three forms of mismatch were found in the study areas: U, inverted U, and near-linear-shaped. The job–house balance was negatively associated with regional mismatches between population and energy consumption over time. The job-house balance is negative with energy mismatches. This study measured the mismatch between energy and population at multiple spatial scales and provides scientific support for local energy allocation.
能源消耗与人口之间的不匹配被认为是造成能源短缺的关键因素。由于缺乏足够时空分辨率的数据，以往的研究侧重于评估全球范围内能源消耗与人口之间的不匹配。在本研究中，我们提出了一种方法，利用移动电话信令数据和遥感夜间光线数据，在全球和区域范围内对两个城市的能源消耗和人口之间的不匹配进行量化。手机信号数据有助于评估全球和区域能源消耗与人口之间的不匹配。能源分配不足的情况主要出现在研究区域的中心城区。能源分配不足在工作日更为明显。研究地区发现了三种错配形式：U型、倒 U 型和近线型。随着时间的推移，职住平衡与地区人口和能源消耗之间的不匹配呈负相关。就业-住房平衡与能源错配呈负相关。这项研究在多个空间尺度上测量了能源与人口之间的不匹配，为地方能源分配提供了科学支持。
{"title":"Quantifying the spatiotemporal mismatches between energy consumption and population: A comparative study in Guangzhou and Shenzhen, China","authors":"Zheng Cao , Feng Gao , Zhifeng Wu , Qifei Zhang , Zihao Zheng , Zhenjun Li , Xiaodong Hai","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mismatches between energy consumption and population have been identified as key factors in generating energy deficiency. Previous studies have focused on assessing mismatches between energy consumption and population on a global scale owing to insufficient data of sufficient spatiotemporal resolution. In this study, we propose a methodology for quantifying such mismatches using mobile phone signaling data and remote sensing nighttime light data at the global and regional scales in two cities. The mobile phone signaling data were useful for assessing global and regional mismatches between energy consumption and population. The underallocation of energy dominated the central urban areas of the study area. The underallocation of energy was more marked on weekdays. Three forms of mismatch were found in the study areas: U, inverted U, and near-linear-shaped. The job–house balance was negatively associated with regional mismatches between population and energy consumption over time. The job-house balance is negative with energy mismatches. This study measured the mismatch between energy and population at multiple spatial scales and provides scientific support for local energy allocation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105522"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105523
Atiye Bilim
Identifying the locations of pedestrian crashes in cities contributes to the full implementation of sustainable transportation for all road users. This study examines the pedestrian crash data of Konya, Türkiye, from 2017 to 2022. First, the dangerous and safe road networks in Konya province were identified. Then, spatial and temporal analyses were performed. Kernel density estimation analysis was used to identify five critical locations with high pedestrian crash density. Hotspot analysis was used to identify roads where crashes showed clustering characteristics. Buffer analysis was used to analyse the effectiveness of traffic lights in preventing crashes and three locations where traffic lights were inadequate in preventing crashes were identified. According to the temporal evaluation, pedestrian crashes increased the most at 8 am and 6 pm. Locations where the number of crashes decreased over time were identified by examining the temporal changes in pedestrian crashes using space-time cube analysis. This study highlights the positive effects of improvements in the pedestrian environment on pedestrian safety. New hotspots have emerged in several areas. Therefore, this approach is valuable for early prevention. With the methodology used in the study, the locations of pedestrian crashes and the cause-and-effect relationships of crashes can be evaluated.
{"title":"Identifying unsafe locations for pedestrians in Konya with spatio-temporal analyses","authors":"Atiye Bilim","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identifying the locations of pedestrian crashes in cities contributes to the full implementation of sustainable transportation for all road users. This study examines the pedestrian crash data of Konya, Türkiye, from 2017 to 2022. First, the dangerous and safe road networks in Konya province were identified. Then, spatial and temporal analyses were performed. Kernel density estimation analysis was used to identify five critical locations with high pedestrian crash density. Hotspot analysis was used to identify roads where crashes showed clustering characteristics. Buffer analysis was used to analyse the effectiveness of traffic lights in preventing crashes and three locations where traffic lights were inadequate in preventing crashes were identified. According to the temporal evaluation, pedestrian crashes increased the most at 8 am and 6 pm. Locations where the number of crashes decreased over time were identified by examining the temporal changes in pedestrian crashes using space-time cube analysis. This study highlights the positive effects of improvements in the pedestrian environment on pedestrian safety. New hotspots have emerged in several areas. Therefore, this approach is valuable for early prevention. With the methodology used in the study, the locations of pedestrian crashes and the cause-and-effect relationships of crashes can be evaluated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105523"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105558
Jose Manuel Diaz-Sarachaga
The rampant urbanization process has highlighted the need of an efficient governance for urban areas. Nevertheless, cities must face the challenge of adapting to technology advances arising from the digital era we are living in. Under this context, urban digital twins (UDTs) have recently superseded smart cities in the attempt of improving the management of city resources and the live of citizens through the use of sophisticated technology. Although the governance of smart cities has been broadly handled in the literature, the influence of UDTs on urban governance still remains unaddressed. This article aims at closing this gap by developing a framework to assess the contribution of UDTs in the governance of cities. A mixed methodology combining an in-depth literature review, a four-round Delphi technique and the Best-Worst multi-criteria decision making method was implemented to this end. The new instrument consists of a two-tier scheme comprising 7 categories and 33 attributes, of which 26 were deemed as essential for an efficient governance. Institutional dimension prevailed over the remaining sustainability domains. Three performance thresholds were defined: low governance, average governance and high governance. The application of the rating system to the UDT of Singapore as case study determined a high level of governance for this city. Some policies were however recommended to strengthen gaps found in Singapore.
{"title":"Developing an assessment governance framework for urban digital twins: Insights from smart cities","authors":"Jose Manuel Diaz-Sarachaga","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rampant urbanization process has highlighted the need of an efficient governance for urban areas. Nevertheless, cities must face the challenge of adapting to technology advances arising from the digital era we are living in. Under this context, urban digital twins (UDTs) have recently superseded smart cities in the attempt of improving the management of city resources and the live of citizens through the use of sophisticated technology. Although the governance of smart cities has been broadly handled in the literature, the influence of UDTs on urban governance still remains unaddressed. This article aims at closing this gap by developing a framework to assess the contribution of UDTs in the governance of cities. A mixed methodology combining an in-depth literature review, a four-round Delphi technique and the Best-Worst multi-criteria decision making method was implemented to this end. The new instrument consists of a two-tier scheme comprising 7 categories and 33 attributes, of which 26 were deemed as essential for an efficient governance. Institutional dimension prevailed over the remaining sustainability domains. Three performance thresholds were defined: low governance, average governance and high governance. The application of the rating system to the UDT of Singapore as case study determined a high level of governance for this city. Some policies were however recommended to strengthen gaps found in Singapore.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105558"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105532
Jungwon Kong , Junseok Hwang , Hongbum Kim
Recent studies have emphasized cities' need to confront diverse urban challenges. Smart cities offer technological solutions; however, there is a knowledge gap in terms of understanding the effects of technological adoption in cities. Technology adoption in cities must carefully consider technological feasibility, local sentiments, cultural diversity, governance structure, and various socioeconomic aspects. To address this gap, this study investigated smart city development strategies and focused on their integration into urban development plans in Siheung-si in South Korea and NeoCity in Florida. In addition, this study examined the socioeconomic considerations before implementing technology, covering land, infrastructure, people, and governance. Our findings highlight the benefits of effective government-to-government partnerships, emphasizing the importance of knowledge sharing within the smart city ecosystem. This government-to-government partnership serves as a guiding principle for future research and policy interventions.
{"title":"Building smarter cities together: Government-to-government partnerships in the development of smart cities","authors":"Jungwon Kong , Junseok Hwang , Hongbum Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent studies have emphasized cities' need to confront diverse urban challenges. Smart cities offer technological solutions; however, there is a knowledge gap in terms of understanding the effects of technological adoption in cities. Technology adoption in cities must carefully consider technological feasibility, local sentiments, cultural diversity, governance structure, and various socioeconomic aspects. To address this gap, this study investigated smart city development strategies and focused on their integration into urban development plans in Siheung-si in South Korea and NeoCity in Florida. In addition, this study examined the socioeconomic considerations before implementing technology, covering land, infrastructure, people, and governance. Our findings highlight the benefits of effective government-to-government partnerships, emphasizing the importance of knowledge sharing within the smart city ecosystem. This government-to-government partnership serves as a guiding principle for future research and policy interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105532"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105544
Tatiana Lysova
The current body of literature allows discerning two predominant approaches for comprehending technology-based surveillance in modern societies: surveillance society and security state, developing within the domains of surveillance studies and security studies, respectively. These perspectives offer diverging explanations for the implementation of video surveillance in urban spaces and rarely engage in dialogue. This paper explores whether applying both approaches might be beneficial for understanding the reasons behind the deployment of Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV), as constructed in the legislation and perceived by those involved in tackling urban insecurity. The study focuses on two European cities, Budapest and Milan, selected as the most diverse cases, but sharing the problem of urban insecurity. The surveillance society approach offers a vantage point for the analysis of the legal documents, highlighting the positive construction of the technology as a multi-purpose tool, its symbolic role in security provision, and the central role of authorities in security provision. In contrast, the interview data indicates that both approaches might contribute to understanding social constructs existing around the implementation of CCTV in urban spaces. Although theoretical aspects within each approach are shared across contexts, the nuances of their manifestations in these cities are influenced by variations in historical, socio-economic, and political contexts.
{"title":"Intersecting perspectives: Video surveillance in urban spaces through surveillance society and security state frameworks","authors":"Tatiana Lysova","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current body of literature allows discerning two predominant approaches for comprehending technology-based surveillance in modern societies: surveillance society and security state, developing within the domains of surveillance studies and security studies, respectively. These perspectives offer diverging explanations for the implementation of video surveillance in urban spaces and rarely engage in dialogue. This paper explores whether applying both approaches might be beneficial for understanding the reasons behind the deployment of Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV), as constructed in the legislation and perceived by those involved in tackling urban insecurity. The study focuses on two European cities, Budapest and Milan, selected as the most diverse cases, but sharing the problem of urban insecurity. The surveillance society approach offers a vantage point for the analysis of the legal documents, highlighting the positive construction of the technology as a multi-purpose tool, its symbolic role in security provision, and the central role of authorities in security provision. In contrast, the interview data indicates that both approaches might contribute to understanding social constructs existing around the implementation of CCTV in urban spaces. Although theoretical aspects within each approach are shared across contexts, the nuances of their manifestations in these cities are influenced by variations in historical, socio-economic, and political contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105544"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105533
Stanislav E. Shmelev , Irina A. Shmeleva
This paper is focused on the multidimensional assessment of over 1300 cities and regions in Europe based on a powerful and policy-relevant set of 17 smart and sustainable performance indicators. Our approach, based on Shmelev and Shmeleva (2018), is driven by alternative policy priorities expressed in different sets of weights, emphasizing economic, social, smart or environmental aspects of urban performance. Using multiple-criteria decision analysis, the cities and regions were ranked, and well performing cities were selected for a detailed analysis of their policies. Among the best performing cities are Stockholm, Paris and London. The detailed rankings under environmental, economic, social and smart policy priorities are analyzed further. The article examines correlations between indicators including GRP, patents, PM10 pollution, life expectancy and depicts the final smart and sustainable ranking in a GIS format. Our detailed assessment thus allows one to understand the impact of key policies implemented by the leading municipalities, and offers insights on the necessary steps that could be taken by cities and municipalities to improve their smart and sustainable performance. The set of tools developed by Environment Europe Foundation will support the process to generate recommendations for actionable steps and policies for cities around the world.
{"title":"Smart and sustainable benchmarking of cities and regions in Europe: The application of multicriteria assessment","authors":"Stanislav E. Shmelev , Irina A. Shmeleva","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper is focused on the multidimensional assessment of over 1300 cities and regions in Europe based on a powerful and policy-relevant set of 17 smart and sustainable performance indicators. Our approach, based on Shmelev and Shmeleva (2018), is driven by alternative policy priorities expressed in different sets of weights, emphasizing economic, social, smart or environmental aspects of urban performance. Using multiple-criteria decision analysis, the cities and regions were ranked, and well performing cities were selected for a detailed analysis of their policies. Among the best performing cities are Stockholm, Paris and London. The detailed rankings under environmental, economic, social and smart policy priorities are analyzed further. The article examines correlations between indicators including GRP, patents, PM<sub>10</sub> pollution, life expectancy and depicts the final smart and sustainable ranking in a GIS format. Our detailed assessment thus allows one to understand the impact of key policies implemented by the leading municipalities, and offers insights on the necessary steps that could be taken by cities and municipalities to improve their smart and sustainable performance. The set of tools developed by Environment Europe Foundation will support the process to generate recommendations for actionable steps and policies for cities around the world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105533"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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