Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105574
Duncan A. Smith
Although London's high-density compact city planning has largely delivered sustainable development in the urban core, the wider regional challenge is that housing targets have been consistently missed for the last decade, and the lack of supply is exacerbating the housing affordability crisis. Releasing Green Belt land has been cited as a solution. This paper analyses new build development in the London region from 2011 to 2022, and confirms that Green Belt policy needs reform – local authorities in the Green Belt have the lowest housing delivery in the region, and car dependent ‘leap-frog’ development is occurring beyond the Green Belt boundary. The relaxation of Green Belt restrictions could greatly boost development, but would also risk producing car dependent housing. This research produces a new Travel Sustainability Index using census travel behaviour data, and analyses the travel patterns of residents in new build housing over the last decade. The conclusions are that more sustainable Green Belt development can be achieved by prioritising development in Outer London and through extending existing towns and cities in the Greater South East. Achieving this outcome will require improved regional planning coordination and infrastructure investment.
{"title":"Travel sustainability of new build housing in the London region: Can London's Green Belt be developed sustainably?","authors":"Duncan A. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although London's high-density compact city planning has largely delivered sustainable development in the urban core, the wider regional challenge is that housing targets have been consistently missed for the last decade, and the lack of supply is exacerbating the housing affordability crisis. Releasing Green Belt land has been cited as a solution. This paper analyses new build development in the London region from 2011 to 2022, and confirms that Green Belt policy needs reform – local authorities in the Green Belt have the lowest housing delivery in the region, and car dependent ‘leap-frog’ development is occurring beyond the Green Belt boundary. The relaxation of Green Belt restrictions could greatly boost development, but would also risk producing car dependent housing. This research produces a new Travel Sustainability Index using census travel behaviour data, and analyses the travel patterns of residents in new build housing over the last decade. The conclusions are that more sustainable Green Belt development can be achieved by prioritising development in Outer London and through extending existing towns and cities in the Greater South East. Achieving this outcome will require improved regional planning coordination and infrastructure investment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105574"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105537
Xuan He, Sylvia Y. He
While a walkable environment promotes older adults' walking, few studies have incorporated big and small data to examine the relationship between walkability and older adults' walking behaviors. Using Shenzhen in China as the study area, this study explores walkability's effects on senior walking behaviors by integrating big and small data. The walkability framework is developed regarding four pedestrian needs: safety, convenience, continuity, and attractiveness. The walkability elements are extracted from street view images and diverse open data sources. We quantify the importance of walkability elements from 459 questionnaires across the city as weights to calculate elderly walkability scores. More than 27 million senior walking trips were identified from 6 months of mobile phone data in 2021. We used a geographically weighted Poisson regression model to examine the spatial effects of walkability on senior walking trips. The results show that the most important pedestrian need for seniors is safety, followed in order by attractiveness, convenience, and continuity. Areas with high elderly walkability scores are largely in urban areas and suburban subcenters. Walkability exerts a strong positive role on senior walking trips in the inner suburbs. Based on the findings, we tailor intervention strategies to foster age-friendly walking environments.
{"title":"Decoding the spatial effects of walkability on walking behavior among older adults by integrating big data and small data","authors":"Xuan He, Sylvia Y. He","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While a walkable environment promotes older adults' walking, few studies have incorporated big and small data to examine the relationship between walkability and older adults' walking behaviors. Using Shenzhen in China as the study area, this study explores walkability's effects on senior walking behaviors by integrating big and small data. The walkability framework is developed regarding four pedestrian needs: safety, convenience, continuity, and attractiveness. The walkability elements are extracted from street view images and diverse open data sources. We quantify the importance of walkability elements from 459 questionnaires across the city as weights to calculate elderly walkability scores. More than 27 million senior walking trips were identified from 6 months of mobile phone data in 2021. We used a geographically weighted Poisson regression model to examine the spatial effects of walkability on senior walking trips. The results show that the most important pedestrian need for seniors is safety, followed in order by attractiveness, convenience, and continuity. Areas with high elderly walkability scores are largely in urban areas and suburban subcenters. Walkability exerts a strong positive role on senior walking trips in the inner suburbs. Based on the findings, we tailor intervention strategies to foster age-friendly walking environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105537"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105583
Fangqu Niu, Bingcheng Xuan
The scientific prediction of urban commuting traffic demands can support rational urban planning for population distribution, enterprise placement, and the coordination of land use and transportation. This study develops an Urban Commuting Model (UCM) that integrates both spatial and temporal aspects: Spatially, changes in employment or population distribution lead to changes in commuting patterns; Temporally, the commuting patterns of the previous year form the basis for the patterns of the following year. The UCM, based on historical commuting matrix, simulates urban traffic demands under various scenarios of urban residential population and employment planning. In a case study, the proposed model was used to simulate urban traffic demands in Beijing under the construction scenario of the city's sub-center in Tongzhou. The case study demonstrates that the UCM can effectively predict urban traffic demands under different land use and transportation scenarios, providing informative policy implications at an early planning stage. This study offers a novel approach for simulating urban traffic demands and is a valuable addition to the existing literature.
{"title":"A novel approach to modeling urban commuting traffic demands","authors":"Fangqu Niu, Bingcheng Xuan","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The scientific prediction of urban commuting traffic demands can support rational urban planning for population distribution, enterprise placement, and the coordination of land use and transportation. This study develops an Urban Commuting Model (UCM) that integrates both spatial and temporal aspects: Spatially, changes in employment or population distribution lead to changes in commuting patterns; Temporally, the commuting patterns of the previous year form the basis for the patterns of the following year. The UCM, based on historical commuting matrix, simulates urban traffic demands under various scenarios of urban residential population and employment planning. In a case study, the proposed model was used to simulate urban traffic demands in Beijing under the construction scenario of the city's sub-center in Tongzhou. The case study demonstrates that the UCM can effectively predict urban traffic demands under different land use and transportation scenarios, providing informative policy implications at an early planning stage. This study offers a novel approach for simulating urban traffic demands and is a valuable addition to the existing literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105583"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105580
Tayech Lemma , Mala Sharma
The informal sector serves as a vital source of employment for women, contributing to poverty reduction and household income. However, women in the informal sector often encounter numerous barriers that limit their socio-economic advancement. Hence, this study explores how participation in informal businesses affect women's socioeconomic status, in case of Hossana City, Ethiopia. A purposive and convenient sampling technique was used to select a sample of kebeles and respondents. The descriptive analysis results indicate that majority of women reported improvements in their socioeconomic status since engaging in informal business. The logistic regression results indicate that age, work experience, income, savings, access to capital and credit, market access, and migration are a key factors influencing s socioeconomic advancement. The study underscores the importance of supportive policies and resources to economically empower women in the informal sector, pointing out the need for targeted interventions to tackle gender-specific barriers and promote sustainable development.
{"title":"Socioeconomic advancement of women in the informal sector in Hosanna City, Ethiopia","authors":"Tayech Lemma , Mala Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The informal sector serves as a vital source of employment for women, contributing to poverty reduction and household income. However, women in the informal sector often encounter numerous barriers that limit their socio-economic advancement. Hence, this study explores how participation in informal businesses affect women's socioeconomic status, in case of Hossana City, Ethiopia. A purposive and convenient sampling technique was used to select a sample of kebeles and respondents. The descriptive analysis results indicate that majority of women reported improvements in their socioeconomic status since engaging in informal business. The logistic regression results indicate that age, work experience, income, savings, access to capital and credit, market access, and migration are a key factors influencing s socioeconomic advancement. The study underscores the importance of supportive policies and resources to economically empower women in the informal sector, pointing out the need for targeted interventions to tackle gender-specific barriers and promote sustainable development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105580"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105575
Slavomíra Ferenčuhová , Marie Sýkora Horňáková , Jana Kočková , Petra Špačková
This paper examines how the COVID-19 pandemic reshaped everyday life within five large housing estates (LHEs) in three major Czech cities: Prague, Brno and Ostrava. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 72 residents, the research explores the dynamics of coping with confinement within the limited space of apartments and their surrounding neighbourhoods. The findings highlight the shifts in the everyday routines of several residents of five LHEs and changes in how they perceived and evaluated their LHEs as a place of residence. Namely, the paper focuses on (temporary) changes in residents' uses and interpretations of public and private spaces and on the shifting boundary between the two. Moreover, it discusses the dynamic perception of “home” as shaped by external events. The paper thus contributes to two ongoing academic debates about, first, the impacts of the pandemic on various urban environments around the world and their residents, and second, the quality of life in the often-criticized 20th century modernist mass housing estates and their resilience in the face of current global challenges. It highlights the role of green areas, the flexible use of public spaces and the availability of local services in modernist mass housing areas – in post-socialist cities and beyond.
{"title":"Public, private and the pandemic: Everyday life in large housing estates during the COVID-19 lockdowns","authors":"Slavomíra Ferenčuhová , Marie Sýkora Horňáková , Jana Kočková , Petra Špačková","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines how the COVID-19 pandemic reshaped everyday life within five large housing estates (LHEs) in three major Czech cities: Prague, Brno and Ostrava. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 72 residents, the research explores the dynamics of coping with confinement within the limited space of apartments and their surrounding neighbourhoods. The findings highlight the shifts in the everyday routines of several residents of five LHEs and changes in how they perceived and evaluated their LHEs as a place of residence. Namely, the paper focuses on (temporary) changes in residents' uses and interpretations of public and private spaces and on the shifting boundary between the two. Moreover, it discusses the dynamic perception of “home” as shaped by external events. The paper thus contributes to two ongoing academic debates about, first, the impacts of the pandemic on various urban environments around the world and their residents, and second, the quality of life in the often-criticized 20th century modernist mass housing estates and their resilience in the face of current global challenges. It highlights the role of green areas, the flexible use of public spaces and the availability of local services in modernist mass housing areas – in post-socialist cities and beyond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105575"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105582
Sorina Voiculescu
This article examines the spatial, social, economic, and civic dimensions of poverty in a post-communist Romanian city, focusing on the Kunz, an informal neighborhood in Timișoara. In Romanian, areas marked by concentrated poverty are pejoratively referred to as mahala, and internationally as, akin to the pejorative word, ‘slums’. This study sheds light on spatially concentrated poverty in post-communist cities through the lens of urban planning, citizenship, and environmental justice. Drawing on multiple research methods, the research reveals how environmental injustice is perpetuated by the lack of inclusive urban planning strategies, exacerbating existing poverty due to a continuous influx of impoverished populations from various regions. Exploiting legal uncertainties, these newcomers built homes without property deeds, subdividing older land plots. The strong socio-economic cohesion, basic urban infrastructure arrangements, temporary identity cards, and strong family ties within the community mitigate the fear of eviction from substandard housing. Economic crises generate a certain sense of security in the face of eviction as residents in these impoverished areas interpret crises as opportunities for safety. This sentiment prevails as substantial public investments are often delayed, reducing the likelihood of demolition and mass evictions, leaving the population nowhere else to turn.
{"title":"Kunz and post-communist geographies of urban poverty in Romania","authors":"Sorina Voiculescu","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article examines the spatial, social, economic, and civic dimensions of poverty in a post-communist Romanian city, focusing on the Kunz, an informal neighborhood in Timișoara. In Romanian, areas marked by concentrated poverty are pejoratively referred to as <em>mahala</em>, and internationally as, akin to the pejorative word, ‘slums’. This study sheds light on spatially concentrated poverty in post-communist cities through the lens of urban planning, citizenship, and environmental justice. Drawing on multiple research methods, the research reveals how environmental injustice is perpetuated by the lack of inclusive urban planning strategies, exacerbating existing poverty due to a continuous influx of impoverished populations from various regions. Exploiting legal uncertainties, these newcomers built homes without property deeds, subdividing older land plots. The strong socio-economic cohesion, basic urban infrastructure arrangements, temporary identity cards, and strong family ties within the community mitigate the fear of eviction from substandard housing. Economic crises generate a certain sense of security in the face of eviction as residents in these impoverished areas interpret crises as opportunities for safety. This sentiment prevails as substantial public investments are often delayed, reducing the likelihood of demolition and mass evictions, leaving the population nowhere else to turn.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105582"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105556
Anna Długozima , Ewa Kosiacka-Beck , Katarzyna Krzykawska
In recent years, the notions of European identity, values and heritage have been put on the public agenda. Cemeteries construct ‘European significance’. Eastern Europe is lacking in terms of research and the social use of cemeteries, where these sites are treated as strictly separate ‘gardens of silence’. As cities become denser, green spaces are in danger of decreasing. Cemeteries in Eastern Europe have an untapped green potential. How can the potential of cemeteries be used? What solutions can be implemented to shape the cemetery in Eastern Europe within a multifunctional paradigm? The countries included in this study share the same broad religious cultural heritage shaped by varied Christian traditions: Poland, Slovenia, Hungary, Lithuania, Croatia. A review of multiple case studies of burial sites in Poland and abroad allowed for the creation and compilation of a set of practises related to structure, functions and social role of cemeteries. Moreover, the Scenic Beauty Estimation method was used to determine social preferences regarding the perception of the cemeteries appearance. To highlight the societal value of cemeteries, the concept of a multifunctional municipal cemetery in Gniezno (Poland) was designed.
{"title":"Multiuse Cemetery Paradigm: Cemetery as a multifunctional place of social significance – Reshaping a cemetery in the urban space of Eastern Europe","authors":"Anna Długozima , Ewa Kosiacka-Beck , Katarzyna Krzykawska","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the notions of European identity, values and heritage have been put on the public agenda. Cemeteries construct ‘European significance’. Eastern Europe is lacking in terms of research and the social use of cemeteries, where these sites are treated as strictly separate ‘gardens of silence’. As cities become denser, green spaces are in danger of decreasing. Cemeteries in Eastern Europe have an untapped green potential. How can the potential of cemeteries be used? What solutions can be implemented to shape the cemetery in Eastern Europe within a multifunctional paradigm? The countries included in this study share the same broad religious cultural heritage shaped by varied Christian traditions: Poland, Slovenia, Hungary, Lithuania, Croatia. A review of multiple case studies of burial sites in Poland and abroad allowed for the creation and compilation of a set of practises related to structure, functions and social role of cemeteries. Moreover, the Scenic Beauty Estimation method was used to determine social preferences regarding the perception of the cemeteries appearance. To highlight the societal value of cemeteries, the concept of a multifunctional municipal cemetery in Gniezno (Poland) was designed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105556"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105513
Mathieu Feagan , Tischa A. Muñoz-Erickson , Robert Hobbins , Kristin Baja , Mikhail Chester , Elizabeth M. Cook , Nancy Grimm , Morgan Grove , David M. Iwaniec , Seema Iyer , Timon McPhearson , Pablo Méndez-Lázaro , Clark Miller , Daniel Sauter , William Solecki , Claudia Tomateo , Tiffany Troxler , Claire Welty
With increasing frequency and severity, coastal cities are facing the effects of extreme weather events, such as sea-level rise, storm surges, hurricanes, and various types of flooding. Recent urban resilience scholarship suggests that responding to the cascading complexities of climate change requires an understanding of cities as social-ecological-technological systems, or SETS. Advances in data visualization, sensors, and analytics are making it possible for urban planners to gain more comprehensive views of cities. Yet, addressing climate complexity requires more than deploying the latest technologies; it requires transforming the institutional knowledge systems upon which cities rely for preparation and response in a climate-changed future. While debates in the theory and practice of knowledge co-production offer a rich contextual starting point, there are few practical examples of what it means to co-produce new knowledge systems capable of steering urban resilience planning in fundamentally new directions. This paper helps address this gap by offering a case study approach to co-producing new knowledge systems for SETS data visualization in three US coastal cities. Through a series of innovation spaces – dialogues, labs, and webinars – with residents, data experts, and other city stakeholders from multiple sectors, we show how to apply a knowledge systems approach to better understand, represent, and support cities as SETS. To illustrate what a redesigned knowledge system for urban resilience planning entails, we document the key steps and activities that led to a new prototype SETS platform that works with a wider range of ways of knowing – including community-based expertise, interdisciplinary research contributions, and various municipal actors' know-how – to build anticipatory capacity for visualizing and navigating the complex dynamics of a climate-changed future. Our findings point to new roles for activity-based learning, conflict, and SETS visualization technologies in connecting, amplifying, and reorganizing the knowledge assets of community perspectives previously ignored. We conclude with a new understanding of how innovation towards coastal city resilience resides within the co-production process for (re)designing knowledge systems to make them more robust and responsive to cross-sector and cross-city learning.
{"title":"Co-producing new knowledge systems for resilient and just coastal cities: A social-ecological-technological systems framework for data visualization","authors":"Mathieu Feagan , Tischa A. Muñoz-Erickson , Robert Hobbins , Kristin Baja , Mikhail Chester , Elizabeth M. Cook , Nancy Grimm , Morgan Grove , David M. Iwaniec , Seema Iyer , Timon McPhearson , Pablo Méndez-Lázaro , Clark Miller , Daniel Sauter , William Solecki , Claudia Tomateo , Tiffany Troxler , Claire Welty","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With increasing frequency and severity, coastal cities are facing the effects of extreme weather events, such as sea-level rise, storm surges, hurricanes, and various types of flooding. Recent urban resilience scholarship suggests that responding to the cascading complexities of climate change requires an understanding of cities as social-ecological-technological systems, or SETS. Advances in data visualization, sensors, and analytics are making it possible for urban planners to gain more comprehensive views of cities. Yet, addressing climate complexity requires more than deploying the latest technologies; it requires transforming the institutional knowledge systems upon which cities rely for preparation and response in a climate-changed future. While debates in the theory and practice of knowledge co-production offer a rich contextual starting point, there are few practical examples of what it means to co-produce new knowledge systems capable of steering urban resilience planning in fundamentally new directions. This paper helps address this gap by offering a case study approach to co-producing new knowledge systems for SETS data visualization in three US coastal cities. Through a series of <em>innovation spaces</em> – dialogues, labs, and webinars – with residents, data experts, and other city stakeholders from multiple sectors, we show how to apply a knowledge systems approach to better understand, represent, and support cities as SETS. To illustrate what a redesigned knowledge system for urban resilience planning entails, we document the key steps and activities that led to a new prototype SETS platform that works with a wider range of ways of knowing – including community-based expertise, interdisciplinary research contributions, and various municipal actors' know-how – to build anticipatory capacity for visualizing and navigating the complex dynamics of a climate-changed future. Our findings point to new roles for activity-based learning, conflict, and SETS visualization technologies in connecting, amplifying, and reorganizing the knowledge assets of community perspectives previously ignored. We conclude with a new understanding of how innovation towards coastal city resilience resides within the co-production process for (re)designing knowledge systems to make them more robust and responsive to cross-sector and cross-city learning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105513"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105540
Alexander Rammert
This paper discusses the multifaceted challenges associated with translating the concept of human mobilities into practical application within the realm of international planning. Additionally, it introduces the utilization of a scientific index methodology as a viable solution to address these challenges. Although scientific indices are not commonly employed in planning practices, they prove to be well-suited for the structured operationalization of intricate phenomena, such as mobility. Following a concise theoretical overview, this paper systematically outlines the process of operationalizing a social science-based concept of mobility to create an index. To facilitate this endeavor, a theoretical framework for a Mobility Index is constructed, and a comprehensive list of essential indicators required for its computation is developed, drawing from international research. Subsequently, this spatial mobility index is computed using accessibility and user survey data from a district in Berlin, Germany. The outcomes of this index are then visually depicted on maps, offering a clear representation of disparities in mobility options across the studied area. Consequently, the mobility index introduces an innovative approach for planning professionals to identify variations in human mobilities within their study areas, facilitating more informed decision-making.
{"title":"Mapping mobility: Introduction of an index-based approach to understanding human mobilities","authors":"Alexander Rammert","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper discusses the multifaceted challenges associated with translating the concept of human mobilities into practical application within the realm of international planning. Additionally, it introduces the utilization of a scientific index methodology as a viable solution to address these challenges. Although scientific indices are not commonly employed in planning practices, they prove to be well-suited for the structured operationalization of intricate phenomena, such as mobility. Following a concise theoretical overview, this paper systematically outlines the process of operationalizing a social science-based concept of mobility to create an index. To facilitate this endeavor, a theoretical framework for a Mobility Index is constructed, and a comprehensive list of essential indicators required for its computation is developed, drawing from international research. Subsequently, this spatial mobility index is computed using accessibility and user survey data from a district in Berlin, Germany. The outcomes of this index are then visually depicted on maps, offering a clear representation of disparities in mobility options across the studied area. Consequently, the mobility index introduces an innovative approach for planning professionals to identify variations in human mobilities within their study areas, facilitating more informed decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105540"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105535
Yihan Zhu , Ye Zhang , Filip Biljecki
With people-centered approaches gaining prominence in urban development, studying urban public spaces from the user's perspective has become crucial for effective urban design, planning, and policy-making. The rapid advancement of Machine Learning (ML) techniques has enhanced the ability to analyze and understand user data in urban public spaces, such as usage patterns, activities, and public opinions. However, limited efforts have been made on a structured understanding of urban public spaces from the user's perspective. These knowledge gaps have also hindered the full realization of ML's potential in describing and analyzing urban public spaces. After systematically reviewing 319 relevant papers, this study analyzes ten dimensions of the user's perspective on urban public spaces and identifies three unaddressed issues: (1) interpretation of user's perception, (2) overlooked user demographics, and (3) data acquisition. In addition, this review also examines the applications of ML to these dimensions and their potential to tackle the three issues, and highlights two main opportunities to integrate ML for more rigorous and data-driven public spaces studies: (1) combining Computer Vision and Natural Language Processing in public spaces quality measurement and (2) investing in high-quality user data.
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