IF 6.6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2026.106839

Yunjeong Song

Play environments are crucial for children's healthy development and growth. Childhood physical activities often occur in local environments, such as parks, schoolyards, and playgrounds, emphasizing the need for well-designed, accessible play spaces that consider children's age and physical conditions. However, the prevalence of gated communities in South Korea has led to the privatization of playgrounds, resulting in unequal play opportunities based on socioeconomic status. This study explores the relationship between regional socioeconomic deprivation and playground accessibility and diversity, critical factors for fostering children's physical activity. It also examines the impact of opening playgrounds in residential complexes for public use on regional play opportunities. Spatial and regression analyses were conducted across 250 administrative units in South Korea, including a total of 76,476 playgrounds across the country. Our finding indicated that higher socioeconomic deprivation correlates with poorer playground accessibility and diversity. While opening residential playgrounds improved overall accessibility, it also intensified regional disparities, as private playgrounds amplify inequalities in physical activity opportunities. These findings underline the need to address inequality by establishing public playgrounds with diverse designs in marginalized areas, ensuring universal welfare in children's play environments. Delegating children's play opportunities to the private sector has deepened social inequalities, even though these opportunities should ideally be universally accessible. Therefore, public initiatives to establish playgrounds with diverse spatial designs in marginalized areas are essential to mitigate inequities. These findings underscore the need for balanced policy measures that address both public and private responsibilities in providing equitable play facilities.

游戏环境对儿童的健康发展和成长至关重要。儿童体育活动通常在当地环境中进行，如公园、校园和操场，强调需要考虑到儿童的年龄和身体状况，设计良好、无障碍的游戏空间。然而，在韩国，封闭式社区的盛行导致了游乐场的私有化，导致了基于社会经济地位的不平等的游戏机会。本研究探讨区域社会经济剥夺与儿童运动场地可达性和多样性的关系，这是促进儿童体育活动的关键因素。它还研究了在住宅区开放游乐场供公众使用对区域游戏机会的影响。对韩国250个行政单位进行了空间和回归分析，其中包括全国共有76476个游乐场。我们的发现表明，较高的社会经济剥夺与较差的游乐场可达性和多样性相关。虽然开放住宅操场改善了总体可达性，但也加剧了地区差异，因为私人操场扩大了体育活动机会的不平等。这些发现强调，需要通过在边缘化地区建立设计多样的公共游乐场来解决不平等问题，确保儿童游戏环境的普遍福利。将儿童游戏机会委托给私营部门加深了社会不平等，尽管这些机会在理想情况下应该是普遍可及的。因此，在边缘地区建立具有多样化空间设计的游乐场的公共倡议对于缓解不平等至关重要。这些发现强调了平衡政策措施的必要性，以解决公共和私人在提供公平游戏设施方面的责任。

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引用次数: 0

The protective role of blue space in mental health outcomes: A systematic review 蓝色空间对心理健康结果的保护作用：一项系统综述

IF 6.6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2026.106867

Yuan Wang , Sabrina Yanan Jiang , Yu Li

Over the past years, the relationship between blue space and mental health has garnered significant attention with a growing body of research highlighting blue space’s beneficial effects on residents’ mental health. To update our understanding of this relationship, we conducted a systematic review to analyze and synthesize the existing evidence on the association between blue space and mental health outcomes (e.g., depression and anxiety). Our results revealed that proximity to saltwater blue space is positively associated with general mental health, subjective well-being, and reduced depression, while access to blue space is associated with enhanced well-being. Although the presence of general blue space does not directly correlate with depression and anxiety, the extent of freshwater coverage may be related to decreased depressive and anxiety symptoms. This systematic review updates and enriches current understanding of the substantial mental health benefits of blue space, which is essential for guiding future research directions on related topics. This review could also inform urban planning and policy aiming at fostering psychological well-being.

近年来，随着越来越多的研究强调蓝色空间对居民心理健康的有益影响，蓝色空间与心理健康之间的关系引起了人们的广泛关注。为了更新我们对这种关系的理解，我们进行了一项系统综述，分析和综合了关于蓝色空间与心理健康结果（如抑郁和焦虑）之间关联的现有证据。我们的研究结果显示，接近咸水蓝色空间与一般心理健康、主观幸福感和减少抑郁呈正相关，而接触蓝色空间与增强幸福感有关。虽然一般蓝色空间的存在与抑郁和焦虑没有直接关联，但淡水覆盖的范围可能与抑郁和焦虑症状的减少有关。该系统综述更新并丰富了目前对蓝色空间对心理健康的实质性益处的理解，这对指导未来相关主题的研究方向至关重要。这项审查也可以为旨在促进心理健康的城市规划和政策提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Flow-based fractal dimensions of urban road networks: Insights from 135 global cities 基于流量的城市道路网络分形维度：来自全球135个城市的见解

IF 6.6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2026.106820

Ying Gao , Tao Pei , Sihui Guo , Xi Wang , Mingbo Wu , Xiaorui Yan , Xiao Chen , Xiaohan Liu , Zidong Fang , Ci Song , Jie Chen

The efficiency of urban road networks is a critical determinant of traffic congestion levels. This efficiency depends not only on high road density but also on strong connectivity between regions. Conventional approaches to measuring this efficiency often adopt a density-based perspective, typically using planar fractal dimension to assess the extent to which a road network covers urban space—a metric referred to as the space-filling degree. Nevertheless, such methods tend to overlook connectivity, which may lead to an overestimation of space-filling degree in networks with high detour ratios or limited accessibility, thereby failing to reflect actual efficiency of road system. To address this limitation, we propose a flow-based box-counting fractal dimension from an origin-destination (OD) perspective, which evaluates how well a road network spatially supports real travel flows between OD pairs. We apply this method to assess the space-filling degree of major road networks in 135 cities worldwide and use multiple linear regression models to compare the explanatory power of the proposed flow-based fractal dimension against traditional planar fractal dimensions in relation to urban traffic congestion. The results demonstrate that our approach can capture the spatial structure of urban road networks. Moreover, the flow-based fractal dimension outperforms traditional metrics in explaining traffic congestion, showing a stronger negative correlation with congestion levels and greater model explanatory power than both planar fractal dimension and road density.

城市道路网络的效率是交通拥堵程度的关键决定因素。这种效率不仅取决于高道路密度，还取决于区域之间的强连通性。衡量这种效率的传统方法通常采用基于密度的视角，通常使用平面分形维数来评估道路网络覆盖城市空间的程度，这一度量被称为空间填充度。然而，这种方法往往忽略了连通性，这可能导致对高绕行率或可达性有限的网络空间填充程度的高估，从而无法反映道路系统的实际效率。为了解决这一限制，我们从起点-目的地（OD）的角度提出了一个基于流的盒计数分形维数，它评估了道路网络在空间上对OD对之间真实旅行流的支持程度。我们将该方法应用于全球135个城市主要道路网络的空间填充程度评估，并使用多元线性回归模型比较了基于流量的分形维数与传统平面分形维数对城市交通拥堵的解释能力。结果表明，该方法能较好地捕捉城市道路网络的空间结构。此外，基于流量的分形维数在解释交通拥堵方面优于传统的指标，与拥堵程度呈更强的负相关，且模型解释力高于平面分形维数和道路密度。

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引用次数: 0

The politics of urban climate adaptation: informality, institutional action, and resilience in Ghana's cities 城市气候适应的政治：加纳城市的非正式性、制度性行动和复原力

IF 6.6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2026.106832

Michael Osei Asibey , Francisca Agyei , Mildred Nkansah Okrah , Daniel Kwame Blija

As urban poor communities face increased vulnerability to climate risks, understanding their response mechanisms and the role of local institutions in fostering resilience is critical for effective climate adaptation strategies. This study, adopting the exploratory sequential mixed-methods approach—secondary data analysis, key informant interviews, and household surveys—examines residents' and institutional' awareness and action towards identified risks. Findings reveal that while residents are largely aware of climate risks, their understanding is often limited to rainfall patterns and droughts, with religious and cultural beliefs influencing their perceptions. Despite this awareness, adaptation measures are predominantly reactive, ad-hoc, and unsustainable, hindered by resource constraints, weak enforcement of urban planning regulations, and limited political will. Institutional efforts to promote proactive adaptation, such as early warning systems, are intentional but often ineffective. The study underscores the need for integrated, participatory adaptation planning that incorporates the knowledge and needs of vulnerable communities. We contribute to the growing body of knowledge on climate resilience in informal urban settings and offer policy recommendations to enhance the adaptive capacities of marginalised populations in the face of climate change.

随着城市贫困社区越来越容易受到气候风险的影响，了解其应对机制以及地方机构在增强抵御能力方面的作用对于有效的气候适应战略至关重要。本研究采用探索性顺序混合方法——二手数据分析、关键信息提供者访谈和入户调查——考察了居民和机构对已识别风险的认识和行动。调查结果显示，虽然居民在很大程度上意识到了气候风险，但他们的理解往往仅限于降雨模式和干旱，宗教和文化信仰影响了他们的看法。尽管认识到这一点，但适应措施主要是被动的、临时的和不可持续的，受到资源限制、城市规划法规执行不力和政治意愿有限的阻碍。促进主动适应的机构努力，例如早期预警系统，是有意的，但往往是无效的。该研究强调需要制定综合的、参与性的适应规划，将脆弱社区的知识和需求纳入其中。我们为非正式城市环境中气候适应能力的知识体系不断增长做出贡献，并提供政策建议，以增强边缘化人群面对气候变化的适应能力。

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引用次数: 0

A novel approach to commercial district life-cycle analysis using web crawling: An application of chasm theory 基于网络抓取的商业区生命周期分析新方法：鸿沟理论的应用

IF 6.6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2026.106856

Hyebin Kim , Minkyu Kim , Sugie Lee

Commercial districts exhibit a cyclical pattern of growth and decline, with key changes in commercial districts based on consumer attraction. The growth of a commercial district is achieved when consumers' and suppliers' mutual demand and supply align. However, previous studies had a limitation of incorporating the demand perspective. Therefore, this study focuses on the typology of the temporal curves of supply and demand and ‘Chasm’ between supply and demand, which can limit growth of a commercial district. This study aims to define the life-cycle of commercial districts in Seoul by adopting a novel data-driven quantitative framework. This study utilized business count data and major web services' search traffic data by web crawling techniques from 2006 to 2022. Our findings revealed a persistent mismatch between supply and demand across districts, underscoring the structural asymmetries between physical commercial infrastructure and transient consumer behavior. Also, we empirically identified four distinct clusters of commercial districts which captured the presence of Chasm. Notably, this study introduces a generalizable methodology using open-source tools and universally accessible data for diagnosing commercial district transformations. The results of this study indicate that both supply and demand must be considered for selecting commercial district locations and understanding their life-cycles. Furthermore, the study offers a structured approach to analyzing urban commercial change that is both quantitative and replicable.

商业街区呈现出周期性的增长和下降模式，商业街区的主要变化基于消费者吸引力。当消费者和供应商的相互需求和供应一致时，商业区的增长就会实现。然而，以往的研究在纳入需求视角方面存在局限性。因此，本研究的重点是供应和需求的时间曲线的类型和供需之间的“鸿沟”，这可能会限制商业区的增长。本研究旨在通过采用新颖的数据驱动的定量框架来定义首尔商业区的生命周期。本研究利用了2006年至2022年的商业统计数据和主要网络服务的搜索流量数据。我们的研究结果揭示了地区间供需之间持续的不匹配，强调了实体商业基础设施与短暂消费者行为之间的结构性不对称。此外，我们通过经验确定了四个不同的商业区集群，这些集群捕捉到了裂谷的存在。值得注意的是，本研究引入了一种通用的方法，使用开源工具和普遍可访问的数据来诊断商业区的变化。研究结果表明，在商业区位选择和商业生命周期研究中，必须同时考虑供给和需求。此外，该研究还提供了一种结构化的方法来分析定量和可复制的城市商业变化。

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引用次数: 0

From The Potteries to digital dynamo: Shocks, crises, and the structural transformation of Stoke-on-Trent in the early 21st century 从陶器到数字发电机：21世纪初特伦特河畔斯托克的冲击、危机和结构转型

IF 6.6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2026.106821

Helen Mulligan , Vlad Mykhnenko

This paper focusses on the long-term structural transformation of Stoke-on-Trent, and the surrounding districts of North Staffordshire, in the West Midlands of England. This area is known as The Potteries – a globally important centre of ceramic production since the late 17th century. Employment in this sector has strongly declined since the mid-20th century. Suffering the chronic stress of deindustrialisation, local population also declined, but has started to recover strongly since the millennium, accompanying a radical shift in economic specialisation and industrial diversification. These positive trends were briefly disrupted by the acute shocks of the global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic but have since resumed with even greater vigour. Current economic indicators show that the local economy is growing strongly, out-performing the neighbouring city-regions and the country, as a whole. Benefits of this boom – in particular, productivity and income gains - are not evenly distributed, however. Questions about this “Stoke Paradox” remain, centred on how the burgeoning high-growth sectors will maintain their momentum into the future, and how the city could make its recovery more inclusive and broadly shared. We discuss the role in this of local actors and community activism, but also of national politics and policies.

本文主要研究英格兰西米德兰兹郡的特伦特河畔斯托克及其周边地区的长期结构转型。这个地区被称为陶器，自17世纪后期以来一直是全球重要的陶瓷生产中心。自20世纪中期以来，该行业的就业人数大幅下降。由于遭受去工业化的长期压力，当地人口也有所下降，但自2000年以来，随着经济专业化和工业多样化的急剧转变，当地人口已开始强劲复苏。这些积极趋势曾因全球金融危机和2019冠状病毒病大流行的严重冲击而短暂中断，但此后又以更强劲的势头恢复。目前的经济指标显示，当地经济增长强劲，表现优于邻近的城市地区和整个国家。然而，这种繁荣的好处——尤其是生产率和收入的增长——分配并不均匀。关于“斯托克悖论”的问题仍然存在，主要集中在新兴的高增长行业如何在未来保持其势头，以及这座城市如何使其复苏更具包容性和更广泛的共享。我们讨论了地方行动者和社区行动主义在这方面的作用，以及国家政治和政策。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring barriers to inclusion for neurodivergent children in public spaces: Case study evidence from urbanising Wenzhou 探讨神经分化儿童在公共空间的包容障碍：来自温州城市化的案例研究证据

IF 6.6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2026.106819

Lingling Deng , Xiangxin Wang , Qianhui Lian , Xiuqi Sun , Yixiao Shen , Yumeng Wang , Hongyu Qu

Public spaces are essential for promoting inclusion and children’s well-being in urban settings. However, entering a public space is still particularly challenging for neurodivergent (ND) children. ND conditions manifest through differences in cognitive, physical, and social functioning, which impact children’s participation in city life by limiting their ability to navigate, engage, and feel safe in public spaces. This study explores the barriers to spatial, social, and economic inclusion in public spaces for ND children in China, with a focus on Wenzhou. Using a mixed-methods approach including geographic mapping, caregiver surveys, expert interviews, and naturalistic observations, the study identifies significant challenges such as limited accessibility, low awareness, and unfriendly spatial characteristics. Findings reveal that existing public spaces often lack consideration for the specific needs of ND children. The investigation also identifies disparities in access to public spaces between urban and suburban areas, and strong demands for inclusive design and better support systems. Findings highlight the need for evidence-based, sensory-friendly design, community engagement, and policy-driven solutions to advance equity and inclusion. This study contributes to a growing discourse on inclusive urban planning, emphasizing the importance of designing public spaces that accommodate the needs of ND children, and providing recommendations for policy reforms.

公共空间对于促进城市环境中的包容和儿童福祉至关重要。然而，进入公共空间对神经发散性（ND）儿童来说仍然特别具有挑战性。儿童残疾表现为认知、身体和社会功能的差异，这限制了儿童在公共空间中导航、参与和感到安全的能力，从而影响了儿童对城市生活的参与。本研究以温州为研究对象，探讨了中国儿童在公共空间中的空间、社会和经济包容障碍。该研究采用混合方法，包括地理制图、护理人员调查、专家访谈和自然观察，确定了重大挑战，如有限的可达性、低意识和不友好的空间特征。调查结果显示，现有的公共空间往往缺乏对儿童特殊需求的考虑。调查还发现了城市和郊区在进入公共空间方面的差异，以及对包容性设计和更好的支持系统的强烈需求。研究结果强调，需要循证设计、感官友好型设计、社区参与和政策驱动的解决方案，以促进公平和包容。本研究促进了对包容性城市规划的讨论，强调了设计满足残疾儿童需求的公共空间的重要性，并为政策改革提供了建议。

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引用次数: 0

The tapestry of city life: Colonial modernity and everyday urban experiences in twentieth-century Onitsha, Nigeria 城市生活的挂毯：20世纪尼日利亚奥尼察的殖民现代性和日常城市体验

IF 6.6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2026.106817

Mathias Chukwudi Isiani

Onitsha, once a traditional urban society in Eastern Nigeria, underwent a profound transformation with the advent of colonial rule. The city was divided into two distinct socio-economic spheres: one reserved for colonial officers and the other for indigenous inhabitants. Strategically positioned along the banks of the River Niger, Onitsha thrived on centuries of trade with European companies, notably the Royal Niger Company. The 1857 Niger Expedition, led by the pioneering Black bishop Samuel Ajayi Crowther, opened new vistas for colonial traders and administrators, altering Onitsha's socio-economic fabric. The promises of prosperity and progress were soon undone by extractive colonialism. As migration surged in response to drastic socio-economic changes driven by colonial economic policies, slum development accelerated around Onitsha, becoming a defining feature of its urban landscape. Despite the fervent aspirations of post-independence leaders, the tumultuous civil war of 1967–1970 shattered dreams of urban renewal, leaving a fractured cityscape and a disillusioned populace. The Onitsha of our dreams is yet to come. Ultimately, this study critically examines the colonial forces of urban segregation and the infrastructures that shaped Onitsha's urban evolution during colonial rule. Its arguments present the challenges and opportunities inherent in pursuing a more equitable and sustainable urban landscape.

奥尼察曾经是尼日利亚东部的一个传统城市社会，随着殖民统治的到来，它经历了深刻的变革。这座城市被划分为两个不同的社会经济领域：一个为殖民官员保留，另一个为土著居民保留。奥尼沙位于尼日尔河沿岸的战略位置，几个世纪以来一直与欧洲公司进行贸易往来，尤其是皇家尼日尔公司。1857年，由黑人主教塞缪尔·阿加伊·克劳瑟（Samuel Ajayi Crowther）领导的尼日尔远征队为殖民商人和管理者开辟了新的前景，改变了奥尼察的社会经济结构。繁荣和进步的承诺很快就被掠夺性的殖民主义破坏了。由于殖民经济政策所造成的剧烈社会经济变化，移民激增，奥尼察周围的贫民窟发展加速，成为其城市景观的一个决定性特征。尽管独立后的领导人有着强烈的愿望，但1967年至1970年的动荡内战粉碎了城市复兴的梦想，留下了破碎的城市景观和失望的民众。我们梦想中的奥尼沙还没有到来。最后，本研究批判性地考察了城市隔离的殖民力量和在殖民统治期间塑造奥尼察城市演变的基础设施。它的论点提出了追求更公平和可持续的城市景观所固有的挑战和机遇。

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引用次数: 0

An overview of enhancing children's urban liveability in Algeria: A holistic approach to well-being 提高阿尔及利亚儿童城市宜居性的概述：福祉的整体方法

IF 6.6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2026.106845

Abir Labdani, Soufiane Fezzai, Lazhar Gherzouli

Despite the growing body of literature on Children's Urban Liveability (CUL) in recent years, most studies remain fragmented, focusing on individual themes such as safety, education, or public spaces, without addressing how these aspects interconnect. Moreover, existing comprehensive CUL frameworks are largely developed in high-income countries, with little consideration of their relevance or adaptability to rapidly urbanising contexts in the Global South. In Algeria, no integrative or context-sensitive model currently exists to inform urban policy and planning. To address these theoretical and practical gaps, this study introduces the Integrated Child-Centric Urban Liveability Model (ICCULM). The model reconceptualises CUL as the dynamic interplay of five interrelated dimensions: the physical environment, education, public spaces, health and safety, and governance. Using a PRISMA-informed systematic review of 18 published studies (2014–2024), we synthesised international perspectives and assessed their applicability to the Algerian context. Our findings highlight the persistent exclusion of children from urban planning in Algeria, revealing that their rights and needs are absent from the political agenda. In light of these shortcomings, we recommend that child impact assessments be made mandatory and that participatory planning mechanisms be embedded in policy frameworks. This paper contributes to CUL theory by positioning children at the centre of liveability debates and sustainable urban development strategies. It also outlines pathways for translating these theoretical shifts into practice, towards building inclusive and sustainable cities by, for, and with children, where children's well-being serves as a benchmark for good urban living.

尽管近年来关于儿童城市宜居性（CUL）的文献越来越多，但大多数研究仍然零散，专注于安全、教育或公共空间等个人主题，而没有解决这些方面如何相互联系。此外，现有的综合城市综合规划框架主要是在高收入国家制定的，很少考虑到它们与全球南方快速城市化背景的相关性或适应性。在阿尔及利亚，目前没有综合性或对具体情况敏感的模式为城市政策和规划提供信息。为了解决这些理论和实践上的差距，本研究引入了以儿童为中心的城市宜居性综合模型（ICCULM）。该模型将CUL重新定义为五个相互关联的维度的动态相互作用：物理环境、教育、公共空间、健康和安全以及治理。通过对18项已发表研究（2014-2024年）的系统回顾，我们综合了国际视角，并评估了它们对阿尔及利亚环境的适用性。我们的研究结果突出了阿尔及利亚的城市规划一直将儿童排除在外，表明他们的权利和需求没有出现在政治议程中。鉴于这些缺点，我们建议强制性进行儿童影响评估，并将参与性规划机制纳入政策框架。本文通过将儿童置于宜居性辩论和可持续城市发展战略的中心，为CUL理论做出了贡献。报告还概述了将这些理论转变转化为实践的途径，旨在通过儿童、为儿童、与儿童一起建设包容性和可持续的城市，使儿童的福祉成为良好城市生活的基准。

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引用次数: 0

Where the station ends and surroundings begin: A holistic gender perspective on perceived safety in public transport 车站的终点和周围环境的起点：公共交通安全感知的整体性别视角

IF 6.6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2026.106873

Gülin Göksu Başaran, Jesper Bláfoss Ingvardson, Otto Anker Nielsen

Women and gender non-conforming individuals (GNC) often feel less safe at and around public transport (PT) stations, compared to men. The built environment (BE) plays a well-documented role in shaping perceived safety, yet it remains unclear which specific features are most responsive to the safety concerns of women and GNC. Using data from a tailor-made online survey (N = 3101) from 232 train stations in East Denmark, we investigate BE features explaining each gender group’s perceived safety at the home-end and activity-end travel environments. A structural equation model with multi-group analysis (SEM-MGA) shows that well-lit travel environments and clear wayfinding improve perceived safety for all groups, whereas isolated areas, parking lots, and closed facades around stations particularly harm women’s and GNC travellers’ perceived safety. There are also slight differences between trip ends: shops, urban life, and trees have a stronger positive impact at the home end, while closed facades and isolated areas more strongly reduce perceived safety at the activity end. Towards reducing the gender gap in perceived safety, and achieving a more inclusive PT system, policymakers should prioritise gender-sensitive approaches when designing stations and their urban surroundings.

与男性相比，女性和性别不符合者（GNC）在公共交通车站及其周围往往感到不安全。建筑环境（BE）在塑造感知安全方面发挥着充分的作用，但目前尚不清楚哪些具体特征对妇女和GNC的安全问题最敏感。利用来自东丹麦232个火车站的定制在线调查数据（N = 3101），我们调查了解释每个性别群体在家庭端和活动端旅行环境中的感知安全性的BE特征。基于多群体分析（SEM-MGA）的结构方程模型显示，光线充足的出行环境和清晰的路标可以提高所有人群的感知安全性，而车站周围的孤立区域、停车场和封闭立面尤其会损害女性和GNC旅客的感知安全性。在旅行端之间也存在细微的差异：商店、城市生活和树木对家庭端有更强的积极影响，而封闭的立面和孤立的区域更强烈地降低了活动端的感知安全性。为了减少感知安全性方面的性别差距，实现更具包容性的公交系统，决策者在设计车站及其城市环境时应优先考虑性别敏感的方法。

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引用次数: 0

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