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Navigating the network: Comparing modular and non-modular neighborhoods for better pedestrian flow

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105612

Khaled Alawadi, Rim Anabtawi, Raneem Taha

This study examines the evolution implications of neighborhood planning, focusing on modular and non-modular Neighborhood Planning Units (NPUs). Modular NPUs, such as those in Abu Dhabi, feature structured patterns that facilitate large-scale growth. Non-modular NPUs, like those in Dubai, have irregular street layouts lacking a clear planning language. This research analyzes 28 samples from 17 neighborhoods to evaluate the effectiveness of these configurations in promoting ordered, direct, and short routes to destinations within a 5- to 15-minute walk. Metrics used include Orientation Order (normalized entropy) and Pedestrian Route Directness (PRD). At 400 m, all neighborhoods had efficient, direct routes. However, at 1200 m, Abu Dhabi's modular neighborhoods provided more direct routes than Dubai's non-modular neighborhoods, which failed the directness test on all networks. While Orientation Order indicates network alignment, it did not correlate with directness at any tested scale; instead. block size and street density were the strongest predictors of route directness. In Abu Dhabi, even fragmented modular layouts achieved high Orientation Order and direct walking routes. Conversely, although some of Dubai's non-modular neighborhoods, had high Orientation Order, they struggled to provide direct walking routes. These results underscore the importance of modulatory and physical design in shaping planning policy.

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引用次数: 0

How digital infrastructure development affects residents' health: A quasi-natural experiment based on the “Broadband China” strategy

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105611

Qiong Xu , Xin Li , Yu Dong , Fei Guo

Health not only concerns human well-being but also affects China's long-term development and social stability. Based on the quasi-natural experiment of the “Broadband China” strategy and the data of CFPS from 2010 to 2020, this study examines the underlying mechanism of digital infrastructure development on residents' health, as well as the macro and micro heterogeneity between them. The study finds that digital infrastructure contributes to residents' health. Mechanism tests confirm that increasing residents' income and enhancing medical services are underlying approaches. Digital infrastructure is conducive to the health of middle-aged people and rural residents. In areas with heavy air pollution and the eastern region, the impact of digital infrastructure on residents' health is more prominent. This study breaks through the existing qualitative research on digital technology in the healthcare sector, integrates both micro and macro perspectives, and enriches the empirical evidence in the field of digital health. It also contributes to guiding the in-depth practice of digital health in China, enhancing the digital health management level, thus supporting the realization of “Healthy China” blueprint.

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引用次数: 0

The long-run effect of historical redlining practices on social vulnerability in U.S. cities

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105590

Yujian Lu , Yan Lin , Natasha Howard , Christopher P. Brown , Xi Gong

Historical redlining practices in the United States date back to the 1930s and have continued to impact cities socially, environmentally, and economically since then. This study explores current social vulnerability inequity among former HOLC (Home Owners' Loan Corporation) neighborhoods with four color-coded grades in 196 U.S. digitized cities. Social vulnerability measurements for each historical HOLC neighborhood were calculated using 2018 census tract-level social vulnerability data through areal apportionment. Kruskal-Wallis tests were employed to compare four grades of former HOLC neighborhoods regarding overall social vulnerability index (SVI), four thematic SVIs (Social economic status, Household composition and disability, Minority status and language, and Housing type and transportation), and SVIs for fifteen social vulnerability factors. After applying multiple comparison corrections, the results indicate significant differences among four HOLC grades concerning overall social vulnerability, four themes, and most of social vulnerability factors. In general, grade A (green) neighborhoods exhibit the lowest vulnerability, while grade D (red) neighborhoods have the highest vulnerability. A similar pattern of social vulnerability inequity persists even after adjusting for inter-city differences in baseline social factors using the city-normalized SVI (CSVI). This finding suggests that urban planners and policymakers should work to reduce social vulnerability inequity across neighborhoods of different grades.

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引用次数: 0

Challenges for smart mobility: A study of governance in three European metropolitan areas

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105577

Mari Luz Brownrigg-Gleeson , Iria Lopez-Carreiro , Maria Eugenia Lopez-Lambas , Annika Kunnasvirta

The field of urban mobility has undergone significant transformations with the introduction of smart mobility strategies in regions worldwide. These innovations, though promising, can cause unintended consequences impacting urban landscapes and societies, necessitating effective regulations to mitigate negative effects. Within this context, this paper explores the governance challenges that might arise from the implementation of smart mobility in metropolitan areas in relation to the six dimensions of the Smart City: smart governance, smart living, smart environment, smart mobility, smart economy and smart people. To this end, a set of Focus Groups were conducted in three European metropolis: Madrid, Antwerp and Turku. Thematic analysis revealed one new challenge that had not been recognised previously in literature: integration of spatial planning and mobility, related to the smart living dimension. In general, the main challenges are related to smart governance, smart mobility and smart living. A comparison between the cases highlighted common governance challenges in the three metropolitan areas, while issues in the other dimensions varied. Finally, in response to the identified challenges, a set of strategic policy lines were proposed in each metropolitan area to facilitate the transition towards a more sustainable and smarter mobility model that fosters more liveable metropolis.

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引用次数: 0

COVID-19 impacts on residential preferences for parks and green-blue spaces: A case study from Miami-Dade County, Florida

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105628

Han Li , Weiye Xiao , Yao Zhou , Imelda K. Moise

While the pandemic has enhanced positive perceptions of parks and green-blue spaces, there remains ongoing debate about whether this has translated into increased usage of these areas and a higher valuation of such proximities in the real estate market. Simply desiring more time in parks does not necessarily equate to a readiness to pay more for homes nearby. By analyzing housing transaction data, we investigated changes in residential preferences over a seven-year span, segmented into three phases: pre-pandemic (2015–2019), pandemic (2020−2021), and post-pandemic (2022). We focused particularly on the evolving attitudes toward parks, green-blue spaces, and their associated sports and social amenities during and after the pandemic, linking these shifts to trends in COVID-19 cases. Our findings revealed dynamic changes in homebuyer preferences toward parks, urban greenspaces, and coastal amenities. Notably, there was a decline in the willingness to pay for proximity to parks in 2021 and 2022, whereas the value assigned to homes near natural or designed walking trails significantly rose from 2020 to 2022. Coastal and beachfront properties continued to positively impact housing prices, a trend that the pandemic appears to have reinforced. These changes in preferences also showed significant geographical diversity, suggesting that the pandemic's influence on residential preferences is closely tied to local culture and urban landscapes. Our study suggests that while the pandemic may temporarily alter preferences not deeply rooted in a city's culture, only those preferences that are intrinsic to a locality are likely to persist.

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引用次数: 0

The connections of Russian cities hosting nuclear power stations 俄罗斯核电站所在城市的联系

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105614

Valeriy V. Yumaguzin, Maria V. Vinnik

Research on the horizontal inter-city mobility of nuclear specialists within Russia is scarce, owing to the inherited Soviet Union secrecy in the industry and a lack of available data. The paper uses unpublished geo-analytical data from mobile operators on population size and migration to shed light on regional and local migration statistics between ten Russian cities with nuclear power stations. The hypothesis assumes that cities with nuclear power stations obtain a higher share of SIM card holders from regions with nuclear power stations than regions without them. A chi-square test, a two-sample z-test for mean shares, box plot visualization, and social network analysis were performed to support the idea. The methodological contribution includes the way we define a hometown among a limited number of cities, regardless of their SIM contract-signed region. Our research empirically confirms the economic interconnectedness of the nuclear cities, which comprise an industrial settlement network of urban people from various regions separated by thousands of kilometers.

由于苏联遗留下来的核工业保密制度以及缺乏可用数据，有关核专家在俄罗斯境内城市间横向流动的研究很少。本文利用移动运营商未公布的有关人口规模和迁移的地理分析数据，揭示了俄罗斯十个拥有核电站的城市之间的地区和地方迁移统计数据。假设认为，与没有核电站的地区相比，有核电站的城市从有核电站的地区获得的 SIM 卡持有者比例更高。为支持这一假设，我们进行了卡方检验、平均份额的双样本 Z 检验、箱形图可视化以及社会网络分析。我们在方法论上的贡献包括在有限数量的城市中定义家乡的方式，而不考虑其 SIM 合同签署地区。我们的研究从经验上证实了核城市之间的经济联系，这些城市由来自不同地区、相隔数千公里的城市居民组成了一个工业定居网络。

引用次数: 0

Two relocation strategies: Preserving erstwhile neighbourhood relationships in Shenzhen 两种搬迁策略：在深圳保留昔日的邻里关系

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105610

Xinrui Gao, Jennifer Day, Sun Sheng Han

Relocation, both within China and other countries, typically results in a decline in neighbourhood relationships, especially for people who do not move willingly. For migrants, preserving neighbourhood relationships is particularly important as they often rely on these connections as their fitting-in strategy within cities. However, little empirical research has unravelled how migrants navigate relocation under massive urban redevelopment contexts and preserve pre-existing neighbourhood relationships. This paper examines to what extent and in what ways relocation willingness influences pre-existing neighbourhood relationships by applying multiple mediation effect models to a questionnaire survey dataset collected in 2022–2023. The results reveal that migrants who are more willing to relocate tend to stay in touch with former neighbours post-relocation. Additionally, relocation strategies (i.e., moving with former neighbours and short-distance moving) are important pathways through which relocation willingness can have positive effects on preserving pre-existing neighbourhood relationships. Interview data further indicates that employing relocation strategies not only aids in preserving pre-existing neighbourhood relationships but also in establishing new ones in destination neighbourhoods. The results suggest that extended eviction notice periods and phased redevelopment approaches could provide migrants with the opportunity to implement relocation strategies mitigating adverse impacts of relocation and better adapt to new neighbourhoods.

无论是在中国还是在其他国家，搬迁通常会导致邻里关系的减少，尤其是对于那些并非自愿搬迁的人来说。对移民而言，维护邻里关系尤为重要，因为他们通常依赖这些关系作为融入城市的策略。然而，很少有实证研究揭示移民如何在大规模城市再开发背景下进行搬迁并保持原有的邻里关系。本文通过对 2022-2023 年收集的问卷调查数据集应用多重中介效应模型，研究了搬迁意愿在多大程度上以及以何种方式影响了原有的邻里关系。结果显示，搬迁意愿较强的移民在搬迁后倾向于与前邻居保持联系。此外，搬迁策略（即与前邻居一起搬迁和短距离搬迁）是搬迁意愿对保持原有邻里关系产生积极影响的重要途径。访谈数据进一步表明，采用搬迁策略不仅有助于维护原有的邻里关系，还有助于在目的地社区建立新的邻里关系。研究结果表明，延长搬迁通知期和分阶段重建方法可为移民提供实施搬迁策略的机会，以减轻搬迁的不利影响，并更好地适应新社区。

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引用次数: 0

The 15-minute community life circle for older people: Walkability measurement based on service accessibility and street-level built environment – A case study of Suzhou, China 老年人 15 分钟社区生活圈：基于服务可达性和街道建筑环境的步行可达性测量--中国苏州案例研究

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105587

Zhonghui Jiang , Chunliang Wu , Hyungchul Chung

The 15-minute community life circle (15-min CLC) concept focuses on providing accessible services for older adults within a short walking distance. However, few studies have developed a comprehensive evaluation system of 15-min CLC walking accessibility for older people, and little is known about the effects of street-level environment characteristics and human perception on 15-min CLC. This study used the Baidu API and an optimized cumulative opportunity method to measure the 5-, 10-, and 15-min CLC walkability for older adults in Suzhou, China. Street-level characteristics and human perception scores, derived from street view semantic segmentation and deep learning, were incorporated into regression models to assess global and local effects on walkability. The results revealed that there was a significant spatial heterogeneity of CLC walkability in Suzhou. The 5- and 10-min CLCs were found lacking in facilities, particularly senior care services. The regression model showed a positive association between perceived safety and CLC walkability, while the proportion of street vegetation negatively affected walkability. The study suggests enhancing senior care, medical, and leisure facilities, especially within 10-min CLCs. Improving service integration in county-level cities and suburbs, and increasing street vegetation in older urban areas, could further enhance the walking environment for older adults.

15 分钟社区生活圈（15-min CLC）概念的重点是在短距离步行范围内为老年人提供无障碍服务。然而，很少有研究对老年人 15 分钟社区生活圈的步行可达性进行全面的评估，而且人们对街道环境特征和人的感知对 15 分钟社区生活圈的影响也知之甚少。本研究使用百度 API 和优化的机会累积法测量了中国苏州老年人 5 分钟、10 分钟和 15 分钟 CLC 步行可达性。通过街景语义分割和深度学习得出的街道级别特征和人类感知分数被纳入回归模型，以评估对步行能力的整体和局部影响。研究结果表明，苏州的CLC步行能力存在明显的空间异质性。5分钟和10分钟的社区中心缺乏设施，尤其是养老服务设施。回归模型显示，安全感与社区中心步行能力呈正相关，而街道植被比例对步行能力有负面影响。研究建议加强养老、医疗和休闲设施的建设，尤其是在 10 分钟社区中心范围内。改善县级城市和郊区的服务整合，增加老城区的街道植被，可以进一步改善老年人的步行环境。

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引用次数: 0

Deprioritising cars beyond rerouting: Future research directions of the Barcelona Superblock 除改变路线外取消汽车优先权：巴塞罗那超级街区的未来研究方向

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105609

Sven Eggimann

The Barcelona Superblock is an urban transformation strategy that has gained considerable momentum in the last few years and holds the promise to transform neighbourhoods and cities to be more liveable and sustainable by deprioritising cars. The implementation of Superblocks in different geographies reveals a flexible conceptual interpretation and adaptation. Here, a combination of mobility, street transformation, and ancillary measures is proposed to form the core of successful Superblock implementation. A critical perspective reveals challenges and research needs for a future research agenda along five domains: to quantify sustainability impacts, to perform integrated analysis, to determine optimal locations for implementation, to explore costs and to establish ways for their rapid realisation. Research along these domains is put forward to inform and guide the transformation of public street space to tackle liveability, urbanisation, climate adaptation and climate mitigation. The Superblock is an urban design concept that seeks to bring about a sustainability transition not only in re-arranging routes for cars but also in assigning space to alternative uses. For successful transfer policy transfer, increased evidence-based quantification of positive sustainability impacts and pursuing an integrative agenda that justifies Superblock location choices are argued for, including establishing specific street designs to achieve multiple sustainability impacts.

巴塞罗那 "超级街区 "是一项城市改造战略，在过去几年中获得了相当大的发展势头，有望通过取消汽车优先权来改造街区和城市，使其更加宜居和可持续发展。超级街区在不同地域的实施揭示了一种灵活的概念解释和调整。在此，建议将流动性、街道改造和辅助措施结合起来，形成成功实施超级街区的核心。批判性视角揭示了未来研究议程所面临的挑战和研究需求，包括五个方面：量化可持续性影响、进行综合分析、确定最佳实施地点、探讨成本以及确定快速实现的方法。这些领域的研究将为公共街道空间的改造提供信息和指导，以解决宜居性、城市化、气候适应和气候减缓等问题。超级街区是一种城市设计理念，旨在实现可持续发展转型，不仅重新安排汽车路线，还将空间分配给其他用途。为了成功实现政策转移，需要对积极的可持续发展影响进行更多基于证据的量化，并寻求一个综合议程来证明超级街区位置选择的合理性，包括建立特定的街道设计来实现多种可持续发展影响。

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引用次数: 0

Using Twitter to understand spatial-temporal changes in urban green space topics based on structural topic modelling 基于结构主题建模，利用 Twitter 了解城市绿地主题的时空变化

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105601

Nan Cui , Nick Malleson , Vikki Houlden , Yingwei Yan , Alexis Comber

Social media data offers urban planners insights into human activities in urban green spaces (UGSs). While recent methods like text-based word frequency analysis provide new perspectives on UGS, they are often lack stationary and non-continuous in nature. This limits their ability to capture the complexity and diversity of UGS use. This study conducts a structural topic model (STM) analysis of geo-referenced Tweets posted in London to investigate the dynamics of UGS-related topics before-, during- and after the COVID-19 outbreaks. Additionally, an approach of inverse distance weighting (IDW) was used to investigate the spatial patterns of topics probabilities. The results found that there were seven main topics categories expressed in UGS over study periods. Specifically, the increasing trends in topics proportions were found for the topics Nature engagement and Dog walking, indicating that these activities became increasingly popular during the pandemic. However, the topic Social events showed a decline in topic proportion, which might be the results of restriction measures such as practicing social distance. This study further discussed the potential factors that affecting the dynamics of these topics in spatial and temporal patterns. The results can potentially support future UGS planning and management especially during a time of crisis.

社交媒体数据为城市规划者提供了洞察城市绿地（UGS）中人类活动的视角。虽然基于文本的词频分析等最新方法为 UGS 提供了新的视角，但这些方法往往缺乏固定性和非连续性。这限制了它们捕捉城市绿地使用的复杂性和多样性的能力。本研究对伦敦发布的地理参考推文进行了结构主题模型（STM）分析，以研究 COVID-19 爆发之前、期间和之后 UGS 相关主题的动态变化。此外，还使用了反距离加权（IDW）方法来研究话题概率的空间模式。结果发现，在研究期间，UGS 主要表达了七类主题。具体而言，大自然活动和遛狗活动的话题比例呈上升趋势，表明这些活动在大流行期间越来越受欢迎。然而，社交活动这一话题的比例却出现了下降，这可能是限制措施（如练习社交距离）的结果。本研究进一步讨论了影响这些话题在空间和时间模式上动态变化的潜在因素。研究结果可为未来的 UGS 规划和管理提供潜在支持，尤其是在危机时期。

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引用次数: 0