Journal of Counseling Psychology最新文献

With an ever-diversifying population and society, intercultural dynamics has been a topic of interest for many years. This is especially true within the mental health profession, as the effects of clinician bias and behaviors on client outcomes have been studied and documented many times over. However, often times these studies focus on the White clinician and client of color dynamic, with focus on the White clinician's way of being or competency and the resulting perceptions of the client of color. The opposite dynamic, that of a clinician of color with a White client, has often been overlooked and ignored. Yet, with more clinicians of color (COCs) entering the field, and with demand of mental health services increasing, this unique dynamic needs to be understood. The experiences of COCs when they are the "other" within the room is unique and not well-documented. A scoping review of the literature is conducted to examine what research has been conducted on COCs working with White clients. A total of four articles were included in the final review, and the types of research being conducted, risks of micro- and macroaggressions, the different strategies utilized, and the unique needs of COCs are analyzed and summarized. This study adds to this budding conversation by examining the extant literature on COC's experiences. Results of the limited literature and hopeful future directions are discussed, including a discussion on cultural humility as a critical factor in individual and systemic change. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The purpose of this study was to develop a measure of racial-ethnic-cultural (REC) belonging for Black, Indigenous, and other people of color (BIPOC). The iBelong Scale was designed to assess the multidimensional components of REC belonging across diverse BIPOC groups. The scale was constructed based on a grounded conceptual framework of REC belonging, and the initial pool of items received feedback from community members and content experts. Validation of the iBelong Scale comprised data from 808 BIPOC participants collected across three interrelated studies for the purposes of initial validation, construct validity, and test-retest reliability. In Study 1, an exploratory factor analysis yielded a 25-item scale with five factors: (a) Home, (b) Connection, (c) Authenticity, (d) REC Thriving, and (e) Self-Definition. Results from Study 2's confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the five-factor model was an acceptable fit of the data and the best fit among competing models. Measurement invariance was assessed, and results indicated that the iBelong Scale measures REC belonging similarly across differing BIPOC groups. The iBelong Scale was related to a range of measures in theoretically expected ways, including positive associations with general belonging, racial/ethnic identity, and general well-being, and negative associations with loneliness and REC nonbelonging. Findings from Study 3 indicated the test-retest reliability of the iBelong Scale over a 2-week period. Limitations of the studies and implications for research and practice are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Therapists' in-session feelings in psychotherapy can be seen as indications of the development of the therapeutic relationship and the therapeutic process. To manage them appropriately, it is important to know to what extent they may be influenced by patients' pretreatment characteristics. This study aims to improve the understanding of therapists' emotional reactions in the psychotherapeutic setting by investigating if patients' pretreatment mentalization ability and attachment style predicted therapist in-session feelings. In a sample of 87 therapy dyads treated with interpersonal psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for depression, patient attachment was measured using self-reported Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) and mentalization using Reflective Functioning (RF). ECR and RF were hypothesized to predict therapist feelings measured by the Feeling Word Checklist-24 at different treatment phases over the full course of treatment. Treatment method, patient age, gender, and pretreatment depression were evaluated as potential confounders. Multilevel modeling was used to analyze the data. Lower RF in patients predicted more negative therapist feelings in the mid- to late-treatment phases and less positive feelings in the late-treatment phase. Self-reported attachment anxiety or avoidance did not predict therapist feelings. Findings indicate that patients' ability to mentalize is important to consider when conducting psychotherapy, as it can influence therapists' feelings in the therapeutic process. Limitations of the present study's approach are discussed, and directions for future research are considered. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Every year, millions of Americans do not receive needed mental health (MH) services. Although Pacific Islanders (PI) have a high need for MH services, this group has the lowest rate of MH care help seeking. This is especially concerning as the rate of suicide has been increasing within the PI community. This study explored how Pacific Islanders think about MH supports, including their attitudes toward and perceptions of barriers to receiving MH services. An interpretative phenomenological analysis focus group study was conducted with cross-generational Pacific Islanders residing in one western state. The findings include (a) PI perceptions that MH help seeking results in family burdensomeness, stigma, and shame; (b) negotiating PI social customs and beliefs related to MH help seeking, care, and support; and (c) PI mistrust of institutional resources. These themes seemed to interact with each other and create perpetuate barriers which prevent help-seeking behaviors. Clinical and research implications will be provided. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Testing an adapted psychology of working theory (PWT) model (PWT; Duffy et al., 2016), this study examined how and when contextual constraints affect the ability of Chinese rural migrant workers () to attain decent work. Surveying a sample of 510 employed Chinese rural migrants at two time points, this study revealed that economic constraints and daily discrimination were indirectly related to attaining decent work through the mediating factors of work volition and psychological ownership over work. In addition, proactive personality moderated the relationships between daily discrimination and economic constraints and the two mediators. The results contribute to better understanding Chinese rural migrant workers' work experience, refining the PWT and enriching the literature on the underlying mechanisms and moderating factors associated with decent work attainment. The research results call for policy and social change to lessen economic constraints and discrimination at the macro level and organizational commitment to employee-oriented human resource management and counseling interventions to improve the quality of the work lives of rural migrant workers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The Journal of Counseling Psychology serves as the premier journal for critical and rigorous research within the field and beyond. In their inaugural editorial for Journa, Liu is joined by their associated editors and inaugural JCP fellows who have agreed to share authorship and their positionalities. In considering the Journal of Counseling Psychology for research, the editors encourage authors to reflect on these positionalities and how they might integrate their own into their publications. The editorial provides direction and some suggestions on submitted articles and research directions for JCP in the following areas: positionality and critical reflexivity; theoretical and conceptual advancement and clarity; body ideas, frameworks, and conceptualization; data clarity; and cultural validity of research instruments. The editors look forward to working with their communities as they transform their scholarship. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Sexual minority people report substance use at higher rates than their heterosexual peers. Workplace sexual identity management, defined as the process by which sexual minority persons disclose or conceal their identities at work, may exacerbate substance use under stressful conditions, such as when faced with incivility. However, there is a paucity of research on the relation of the work environment to sexual minority workers' substance use. The present study used the social cognitive career self-management model as a conceptual framework to examine two aspects of the work environment (positive climate and harassment) in relation to the sexual identity management process and substance use of sexual minority workers. Because plurisexual employees (e.g., bisexual or pansexual) often face additional workplace stressors relative to their monosexual sexual minority peers, we also examined the links between plurisexual identity and each component of the self-management model. Participants were 418 full-time sexual minority workers residing in the United States. Results were largely consistent with the self-management model derived in terms of the prediction of sexual identity disclosure in the workplace. Workplace harassment moderated the relationship between identity disclosure and substance use, such that disclosure was linked more strongly to substance use in the context of more frequent harassment experiences. Plurisexuality was negatively related to disclosure self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and level of outness at work. Plurisexual workers also perceived their work climates as less identity-affirming. We consider implications for research and practice, including organizational interventions to minimize sexual minority workers' experience of workplace harassment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Classifying clients into career indecision types can facilitate tailoring interventions to each client's specific needs. The present research examined a typology of career indecision on 50 data sets (N = 31,527) representing diverse populations from 16 countries on five continents. Latent profile analyses of participants' responses on the Career Decision-Making Difficulties Questionnaire (CDDQ) revealed seven replicable career indecision types across samples: unmotivated, unrealistic, generally uninformed, occupations-uninformed, conflicted-uninformed, externally conflicted, and internally conflicted. Age emerged as a negligible predictor of career indecision types, whereas gender predicted membership in the unmotivated type, with men twice more likely to be unmotivated than women. The seven types were similarly predictive of career decision status, decision certainty, and decision self-efficacy. These results largely support using the CDDQ to differentially diagnose career indecision types based on 10 causes of career indecision in different countries, life stages, and genders. Classifying individuals based on their patterns of career decision-making difficulties supports tailoring individual career counseling or group interventions to clients' needs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Using longitudinal client and therapist working alliance ratings, previous research examined how alliance: average value, linear growth, variability, stability (autocorrelation), and partner responsiveness were associated with client outcome. However, no research simultaneously examined all of these dimensions. Omitting important variables in analyses could lead to overestimation of related effects. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine these effects simultaneously. Therapists (N = 45) and clients (N = 236) rated alliance after every session (N = 10,720) and clients completed a measure of psychological distress after every eighth session. We used dynamic structure equation modeling to model longitudinal ratings using the longitudinal actor-partner interaction and location-scale models. Across sessions, there were significant linear growth and significant variability in client and therapist alliance ratings. The variability indicates multiple "V" patterns, which have been associated with alliance ruptures. Both actor effects were significant, showing session-to-session stability for client and therapist alliance. In addition, client-partner effect was significant, indicating higher-than-usual client alliance in a session predicting an increase in therapist alliance in the subsequent session. Growth in neither client-rated nor therapist-rated working alliances was significantly associated with client improvement. Lower variabilities (fewer fluctuations) in both client- and therapist-rated working alliances were associated with better outcomes. Higher therapist-actor and partner effects were associated with client improvement, but client-actor and partner effects were not associated with client improvement. Average working alliances were not associated with client improvement. Implications for practice and research were discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Compared to other People of Color in the United States, Asian Americans are often seen as uninterested in activism. Furthermore, the widespread model minority myth (MMM) perpetuates the monolithic image of Asian Americans as successful in society and thus unaffected by racial oppression and uninterested in activism. Despite others' perceptions, Asian American college students have historically engaged in activist efforts and worked to reject the stereotypical views of their racial group as apolitical under the MMM. However, much remains to be learned about the consequences of the MMM on Asian American college students' perceptions and engagement in activism, and how such individuals make sense of the MMM and activism through interacting with their ecological contexts. Thus, the present study addresses this gap in the literature and is guided by the question: How do Asian American college students' perspectives and engagement in activism develop and operate in relation to the MMM? Using a constructivist grounded theory analytic approach, 25 Asian American college students participated in semistructured interviews, and our findings developed a grounded theory of how Asian American college students are embedded within micro- and macrolevel environments (e.g., familial, cultural, and societal contexts) that uphold the MMM and further shape how they make sense of and engage in activism. Results further revealed the consequences of the MMM as a legitimizing ideology on Asian American students' attitudes toward and involvement in challenging and/or reinforcing the status quo. Implications for future research and practice supporting Asian American activism and the broader pursuit for social justice are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).