Children and Youth Services Review最新文献

This paper focuses on 16 parents of gender and sexuality diverse (GSD) children and their experiences of negotiating their child’s education in Australian public schools. It reports on the ways these parents worked to protect their child/ren from an educational climate that is frequently, but not always, institutionally and interpersonally hostile towards, and/or uninformed about, gender and sexuality diversity. Applying a descriptive thematic analysis to qualitative data arising from an online forum, the discussion illustrates how parents of GSD children provide considerable labour to foster the well-being of their child at school. Several themes illustrated this labour, including: building understanding; seeking external support; checking in and proactive problem solving; addressing marginalisation and abuse; dealing with bureaucracy as well as curriculum surveillance and monitoring. Much of the parent labour stemmed from hetero-cis-normative educational policy, curriculum, practice and environments.

Young people with substance use problems often have an early sexual debut, an increased risk of sexually transmitted infections and unplanned pregnancies, and a high risk of experiencing sexual violence. At the same time, according to the national action plan on sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), the social services in Sweden have an important role in addressing sexual health in various contexts, such as in child welfare investigations. Therefore, this study has investigated how Swedish child welfare workers understand and relate to sexual health issues in child welfare investigations regarding young people with substance use problems. Following a strategic sampling, 15 child welfare workers were interviewed. The interviews were examined with a thematic content analysis with results showing that sexual health issues represented an area where knowledge was lacking. This was largely connected to that the child welfare workers had not been taught about SRHR in their bachelor’s degree nor in their continued education within the child welfare system. As a result of this, they often developed their own individual, professional approach for assessing sexual health matters, guided by the principle of “not investigating more than necessary”. When addressing sexual health in their assessment work, the child welfare workers primarily focused on risk, vulnerability and exposure. Not assessing young peoples’ sexual health was seen as protecting the right to confidentiality and privacy. In summary, this meant that young people with a problematic substance use were seldom given opportunities to talk about their sexual health, and especially not about positive sexual experiences related to their substance use.

This study investigated discrepancies in parents’ and early adolescents’ perceptions of parental warmth and authoritarian parenting about early adolescents’ depressive symptoms, including the mediating effect of parent-adolescent communication. The sample comprised of 2,443 Chinese early adolescents (M_age = 12.64 years, SD=0.23 years; 50.6 % boys) and their parents. Data analysis used latent difference score modeling and structural equation modeling. Parents perceived more parental warmth and authoritarian parenting than did adolescents. Perceived discrepancies in parental warmth and authoritarian parenting between parents and adolescents predicted early adolescent depressive symptoms via the mediating role of parent-adolescent communication. The findings provide new perspectives on interventions for adolescent depressive symptoms.

Background and Purpose

The APA’s Ethical Principles for Psychologists explicitly addresses and humbly encourages pro bono work: “psychologists strive to contribute a portion of their professional time for little or no compensation or personal advantage.” Yet, there is ambiguity surrounding the specifics, including frequency, time commitment, eligible services, and fair selection process to determine who will receive services. Materials and Methods: This manuscript provides the results of a comprehensive literature review on pro bono work. Initially focused on psychological assessment (e.g., neuropsychological, psychoeducational), the literature search expanded to therapy, community-based practice, and fee/paid assessment studies due to the dearth of literature. The purpose of the review to explore pro bono services in order to better understand in the future how services impact a child’s access to education, family engagement, and school relationships. Results: Two primary and secondary searches were completed. The primary search investigated the involvement of the family system when working with children and adolescents. The secondary search looked at the effectiveness of psychological, neuropsychological, and psychoeducational assessments to bolster results and provide additional recommendations and future directions. Discussion: The paper also features detailed recommendations based on the search results for how clinicians can engage meaningfully in pro bono work in their current practice along four main themes: community clinic, crisis, equity, and family support. Conclusion: Finally, future directions will address the substantial gaps in the literature on this subject.

Research interest in exploring the negative impacts of mother phubbing on adolescent development is growing. However, limited research has explored the association between mother phubbing and adolescent loneliness, and even less is known about the potential moderating effects within this association. Thus, this study tested the association between mother phubbing and adolescent loneliness and examined whether mother–child attachment anxiety and need to belong simultaneously moderated this relationship. Participants were 4213 high school students (52.5 % boys; M_age = 16.41, SD=0.77) from five provinces in China. They completed questionnaires on demographic information, mother phubbing, loneliness, mother–child attachment anxiety, and need to belong. After controlling for demographic variables, the results revealed that mother phubbing was positively related to adolescent loneliness. Mother-child attachment anxiety exacerbated the relationship between mother phubbing and adolescent loneliness. Moreover, the three-way interaction effect of mother phubbing, mother–child attachment anxiety, and need to belong on adolescent loneliness was significant. Specifically, the relationship between mother phubbing and loneliness was non-significant only for adolescents low in both mother–child attachment anxiety and need to belong. The limitations and implications of these findings are discussed.

Background

Psychologists play a significant role in addressing sexual violence against children and adolescents (SVCA) in Brazil. Most literature focuses on the role of public service psychologists in the intervention, resulting in the need to explore the role private clinical psychologists’ (PCP) play in SVCA treatment.

Objective

The study aims to: 1) investigate a possible relationship between sociodemographic factors, professional profiles, beliefs about SVCA, and PCPs’ decision to report the abuse, and 2) understand the role PCPs play in evaluating, reporting, and treating cases of SVCA.

Participants and setting

The study sampled Brazilian PCPs. The quantitative phase consisted of 409 psychologists, and the qualitative phase consisted of 8 psychologists.

Methods

The study used a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design to achieve its goals. The quantitative phase consisted of the Sociodemographic and Professional Questionnaire, Scenario 7, and the Sexual Abuse Belief Scale (SABS) measures. The qualitative phase consisted of individual semi-structured interviews.

Results

The descriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression model illustrated factors increasing the likelihood of reporting SVCA by PCPs, including a history of treating confirmed sexual violence cases, taking a course on sexual violence, receiving SVCA information during undergraduate studies, having a master and doctoral degree, and having a single relationship status. The thematic analysis resulted in four themes: The definition of sexual violence, the selectivity of the cases, educational under-preparation, and the need to build a performance network.

Conclusion

PCPs require professional development to treatment SVCA, and schools of Psychology need to improve their curriculum regarding SVCA education.

This descriptive qualitative research aimed to explore the caregivers’ perceptions of children’s social and physical accessibility in inclusive playgrounds. The researchers conducted 11 in-depth interviews with caregivers regarding their perceptions of the accessibility and use of an inclusive playground by children with disabilities and how they perceive interactions between children with and without disabilities while using the playground. From the interviews, two major themes emerged. The first major category was physical accessibility, with three minor themes emerging: a) safety and physical accessibility; b) sensory and cognitive safety; and c) variety and options; and the second major category was social accessibility, with two minor themes: a) social interactions; and b) building friendships and practicing social skills. Overall, the participants in this study described the inclusive playgrounds as safe places that include varied play equipment, which encouraged children with and without disabilities to play together, interact verbally, and build immediate friendships. The findings highlight the importance of inclusive playgrounds as a starting place for enhanced community relationships. The researchers suggest conducting further research that focuses on children’s perceptions and including a broader range of children with varying disabilities using inclusive playgrounds.

Objective

The purpose of the current study was to describe and present implementation outcome data from an open pilot trial of the Promoting Resilient Youth with Strong Hearts and Mind (PRYSHM) Program, an online, live-facilitated, nine-session group program for dating sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY) ages 15 to 18. The program, co-facilitated by two LGBTQIA2S+ adults, focuses on reducing proximal forms of minority stress and building LGBTQIA2S+ community in addition to providing evidence-based teen dating violence (TDV) and alcohol use (AU) prevention components.

Method

Participants (recruited via social media) included 18 SGMY (ages 15 to 17) from across the U.S. who completed a baseline survey and immediate post-test, as well as post-session surveys following each of the nine sessions. Sessions were recorded to monitor fidelity and facilitation skills.

Results

The intervention was highly acceptable, and the program was perceived to be relevant and impactful, as evidenced by SGMY agreeing or strongly agreeing to items assessing these domains. Further, fidelity was 82.4% (average) across sessions, and the average attendance was 6.50 out of 9 sessions. SGMY also provided open-ended feedback used to revise the PRYSHM program for future implementation and evaluation research.

Conclusion

These data provide preliminary support for PRYSHM as a feasible, acceptable, and safe prevention program and suggest that further evaluation of the program using larger samples and rigorous outcome evaluation methods is warranted.

The public health burden associated with child marriage is undeniable. To combat this practice, there has been widespread passage of national minimum-age-of-marriage policies. However, evidence on their effectiveness has been mixed. Policies that guarantee access to education may also be needed to create a viable alternative to marriage. Prior studies have not considered the complementary influence of tuition-free education policies, nor tested for potential synergy between the two policies. We conducted a natural experiment to better quantify the relationship between protective marriage laws (those that establish a minimum age of 18 even with parental consent) and tuition free secondary education on the frequency of child marriage and births, considering both the individual and synergistic contribution of the two policies. We linked globally-comparable data on national policies to multiple rounds of DHS data (2003–2021) from 16 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. We used two-way fixed effects (TWFE) models to evaluate the relationship between policy change and child marriage among women aged 15–26. Neither policy alone had a statistically significant effect on either child marriage or early fertility. However, the interaction terms were significant, suggesting that implementing both a new protective marriage policy and free tuition during the observation period had a significant impact on lowering early marriage and births. This impact was more pronounced for outcomes under age 15 as compared to those under age 18. This study provides a better understanding of what policies matter to effectively reduce child marriage. While it is possible that each policy marginally contributes to a reduction in child marriage, our evidence suggests that both protective marriage policies and tuition-fee secondary school are needed to have a meaningful impact.

In 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were announced with the agreement of 190 world leaders aiming for ending extreme poverty, fighting inequality and injustice by 2030. Among different approaches, investments in future generations’ capacities to thrive are key to attaining these goals. Promoting children’s thriving, however, is not a simple matter because child development is not a single state and is not determined by a single force. Promoting children’s development and capacities necessitates a multifaceted approach, and place-based interventions stand out as a promising strategy. This paper reviewed current evidence on the outcomes of place-based interventions aimed at improving children’s capacities to thrive. We found that 22 published texts that met our inclusion criteria, exhibiting a range of program effects. The review also highlighted several challenges related to implementation and evaluation. Additionally, we discussed how place-based interventions adapt in the digital age.