Children and Youth Services Review最新文献_第8页

Childhood offending, adverse experiences and systemic failure: Findings from a NZ national birth cohort 2000–2019 童年犯罪、不良经历和系统性失败：来自新西兰2000-2019年全国出生队列的调查结果

IF 1.7 2区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Children and Youth Services Review

Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108679

Ian Lambie , Ruth Allen , Jerome Reil , Jessica McLay

Children with offending behavior are poorly understood. Administrative Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI) data on almost 50,000 New Zealand children, from birth in 2000 until 2019, were analyzed to compare characteristics of offending behavior in children (under 14 years) against youth (14–18 years) and non-offenders. Only 1.5% of the cohort offended before age 14; yet, of those, almost two-thirds (63%) continued to offend (age 14–18) and did so significantly more often than teenage peers (p < .0001). A child abused before age 5 was six times more likely than a non-abused child to offend (as both a child and adolescent), despite early engagement with child-welfare services, and 1000s of ‘reports of concern’ about infants and children in the offending group. Being placed in out-of-home or state care did not interrupt offending but was associated with significantly more. Reports of abuse, neglect, self-harm and suicide indicators, and having a justice-involved parent, were all associated with higher rates of child offending and reoffending—not with effective interventions to help that child and their family. School suspensions, expulsions, and repeatedly changing schools were significantly associated with offending, as was financial hardship and deprivation. Overrepresentation of Indigenous Māori and ethnic-minority Pasifika children in poverty and the justice system reflected NZ’s wider patterns of social inequity and discrimination. Analysis was limited to data prioritized by the systems that are arguably failing these children and their families; instead, systems far more responsive to their needs should ensure children are effectively supported to leave the offending trajectory sooner.

有冒犯行为的孩子很少被理解。对近5万名新西兰儿童（从2000年出生到2019年）的行政综合数据基础设施（IDI）数据进行了分析，以比较儿童（14岁以下）与青少年（14 - 18岁）和非罪犯的犯罪行为特征。只有1.5%的人在14岁之前犯过罪；然而，其中近三分之二（63%）的人继续犯罪（14-18岁），并且明显比青少年同龄人更频繁（p < 0.0001）。5岁之前受虐待的儿童（无论是儿童还是青少年）犯罪的可能性是未受虐待儿童的6倍，尽管早期参与了儿童福利服务，并且有上千份关于犯罪群体中婴儿和儿童的“关注报告”。被安置在家庭外或国家护理中心并没有中断犯罪，但与犯罪的关联明显更大。虐待、忽视、自残和自杀指标的报告，以及有司法介入的父母，都与更高的儿童犯罪和再犯罪率有关，而不是有效的干预来帮助孩子和他们的家庭。学校停学、开除和反复转学与犯罪有很大关系，经济困难和贫困也是如此。土著Māori和少数族裔帕西菲卡儿童在贫困和司法系统中的比例过高反映了新西兰更广泛的社会不平等和歧视模式。分析仅限于系统优先考虑的数据，这些系统可以说是辜负了这些儿童及其家庭；相反，对他们的需求更敏感的系统应该确保儿童得到有效支持，早日离开犯罪轨道。

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引用次数: 0

Circle of light education model: Death education for children in end of life care 光之圈教育模式：临终关怀儿童的死亡教育

IF 1.7 2区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Children and Youth Services Review

Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108678

Fang Fu , Keyuan Jiao , Chenhui Luo

This study delves into the Circle of Light educational framework, focusing on death education for children receiving end of life care. It highlights the importance of such education in fostering psychological and spiritual well-being and alleviating death-related anxieties. Utilizing purposive sampling, 16 medical social workers and interns were interviewed to examine existing practices and devise a pediatric death education model that aligns with children’s cognitive and emotional preparedness. Key insights emphasize the need to obtain parental consent, evaluate children’s comprehension of death, and tailor education to developmental stages. The study delineates three phases of children’s readiness for death education: the blank stage, the logical and irrational stage, and the cognitive maturity and acceptance stage. Challenges identified include fragmented implementation, inadequate parental and professional involvement, and the absence of standardized guidelines. The article proposes a structured approach to enhance practice, recommending comprehensive training for medical social workers and incorporating death education into clinical protocols. Additionally, it underscores the necessity of adapting death education to the cultural context, taking into account cultural nuances and linguistic intricacies.

本研究探讨光之圈教育框架，聚焦于接受临终关怀之儿童之死亡教育。它强调了这种教育在促进心理和精神健康以及减轻与死亡有关的焦虑方面的重要性。利用有目的的抽样，采访了16名医务社会工作者和实习生，以检查现有的做法，并设计了一个与儿童认知和情感准备相一致的儿科死亡教育模式。关键观点强调需要获得父母的同意，评估儿童对死亡的理解，并根据发展阶段调整教育。本研究将儿童的死亡准备教育分为三个阶段：空白阶段、逻辑与非理性阶段、认知成熟与接受阶段。所确定的挑战包括执行不完整、家长和专业人员参与不足以及缺乏标准化指南。文章提出了一种加强实践的结构化方法，建议对医务社会工作者进行全面培训，并将死亡教育纳入临床规程。此外，它强调了使死亡教育适应文化背景的必要性，考虑到文化的细微差别和语言的复杂性。

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引用次数: 0

Associations of secondary victimization and social reactions with PTSD symptoms among young adult female survivors of sexual assault in South Korea 韩国年轻成年女性性侵幸存者的二次受害和社会反应与创伤后应激障碍症状的关系

IF 1.7 2区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Children and Youth Services Review

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108676

Jungtae Choi , Jae-Won Kim , Kihyun Kim

Objective

Although secondary victimization (SV) and negative social reactions (NSRs) are known adverse social factors for sexual assault victims, limited research explores their link to victims’ post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) based on sexual assault characteristics. This study addresses this gap by using a person-centered approach to identify distinct profiles of sexual assault characteristics and their experiences of SV and NSRs vis-à-vis the level of PTSD symptoms.

Method

We analyzed 112 female victims (average age = 25.5 years) of recent sexual assault in South Korea to investigate how assault characteristics, secondary victimization (SV), and negative social reactions (NSRs) relate to PTSD symptoms. We employed latent class analysis (LCA) to identify subgroup membership based on sexual assault characteristics. For each group, SV and NSRs were compared.

Results

We found four distinctive profile groups: “Sexual Touching” (19.6%), “Rape/Social Relationship” (30.4%), “Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)” (18.8%), and “Rape/Strangers” (31.2%). Notably, the groups of IPV and Rape/Social Relationships experienced significantly higher rates of SV in the legal system and greater victim blaming in their social networks compared to the “Rape/Strangers” group. In the final model, which accounted for 40% of the variance in PTSD symptoms, the associations of ACEs and assault characteristics (profiles) became non-significant. Instead, experiences of SV (legal system) and NSRs emerged as the most significant factors of PTSD severity.

Conclusions

Our findings underscore the importance of identifying and intervening for victims experiencing SV and NSRs—significant risk factors for PTSD symptoms.

虽然二次受害（SV）和负面社会反应（NSRs）是已知的性侵犯受害者的不利社会因素，但基于性侵犯特征的研究很少探讨它们与受害者创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的关系。本研究通过以人为中心的方法来识别性侵犯特征的不同特征，以及他们对性侵犯和非性侵犯的经历与-à-vis PTSD症状水平的关系，从而解决了这一差距。方法分析韩国近期性侵的112名女性受害者（平均年龄25.5岁），探讨性侵特征、二次受害（SV）和负面社会反应（NSRs）与PTSD症状的关系。我们采用潜在类分析（LCA）来识别基于性侵犯特征的子群体成员。比较各组的SV和nsr。结果发现“性接触”（19.6%）、“强奸/社会关系”（30.4%）、“亲密伴侣暴力”（18.8%）和“强奸/陌生人”（31.2%）四个不同的侧写组。值得注意的是，与“强奸/陌生人”组相比，IPV组和强奸/社会关系组在法律体系中经历了更高的性侵犯率，在他们的社交网络中更多地指责受害者。在最后一个模型中，ace和攻击特征（档案）的关联变得不显著，该模型占创伤后应激障碍症状方差的40%。相反，SV（法律制度）和nsr的经历成为PTSD严重程度的最重要因素。结论研究结果强调了识别和干预经历SV和nsr的受害者的重要性，这是PTSD症状的重要危险因素。

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引用次数: 0

Examining factors influencing belonging amongst immigrant adolescents: A scoping review 研究影响移民青少年归属感的因素：范围回顾

IF 1.7 2区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Children and Youth Services Review

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108675

Rhea Jain , Kelly-Ann Allen , Christine Grove , Ebony Melzak

Belonging, the sense of connection with others, is vital to adolescent development and wellbeing, contributing to lower depression and anxiety, higher academic achievement, and greater social integration. Using Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Model, this scoping review examined individual (e.g., age, gender) and socio-ecological factors (e.g., family dynamics, peer relationships) influencing belonging among immigrant adolescents, identifying their interplay across family, school, and community contexts and the need for multi-level interventions. Using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, 25 studies met eligibility criteria. Findings indicated a range of individual-level factors influence belonging across school, family, and community contexts, such as heritage language proficiency enhancing ethnic identity belonging and gender influencing community belonging (with boys reporting weaker belonging). Additionally, socio-ecological factors at the micro, meso, exo, macro, and chrono levels, including family dynamics, peer relationships, school environment, community diversity, and historical context, were found to significantly impact belonging. This review emphasises the complex interplay of these factors and the need for multi-level interventions, such as school-based language support programs and community integration initiatives, to enhance social integration and reduce mental health risks among immigrant adolescents. Future research is recommended to explore belonging amongst Australian immigrant adolescents specifically and to develop comprehensive strategies for enhancing belonging.

归属感，即与他人联系的感觉，对青少年的发展和健康至关重要，有助于减少抑郁和焦虑，提高学业成绩，促进社会融合。利用Bronfenbrenner的生态系统模型，本研究考察了影响移民青少年归属感的个体（如年龄、性别）和社会生态因素（如家庭动态、同伴关系），确定了它们在家庭、学校和社区环境中的相互作用，以及多层次干预的必要性。使用乔安娜布里格斯研究所的方法，有25项研究符合资格标准。研究结果表明，一系列个人层面的因素会影响学校、家庭和社区背景下的归属感，例如传统语言熟练程度会增强种族认同归属感，性别会影响社区归属感（男孩报告归属感较弱）。此外，微观、中观、外观、宏观和时间层面的社会生态因素，包括家庭动态、同伴关系、学校环境、社区多样性和历史背景，对归属感有显著影响。本综述强调了这些因素之间复杂的相互作用和多层次干预的必要性，如基于学校的语言支持计划和社区融合倡议，以增强社会融合并降低移民青少年的心理健康风险。建议未来的研究具体探讨澳大利亚移民青少年的归属感，并制定全面的策略来增强归属感。

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引用次数: 0

Young adults’ explanations of childhood neglect and their associations with health problems in young adulthood 年轻人对童年忽视的解释及其与成年后健康问题的关系

IF 1.7 2区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Children and Youth Services Review

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108664

Hellfeldt Karin , Thunberg Sara , Källström Åsa

Background

Childhood neglect has been associated with various negative short- and long-term consequences. To make sense of difficult experiences, individuals often seek internal and/or external explanations. Children’s explanations for why they experience neglect have been identified as a potentially important factor in relation to different adjustment outcomes.

Objective

This study examines how young adults explain the childhood neglect they experienced and how these explanations are connected to health problems in adulthood.

Methods

The study utilizes retrospective data from a representative Swedish sample of 2,500 young adults, of which 7.5 % reported having been neglected as a child.

Results

Our findings revealed that emotional neglect was the most common form of neglect, while physical neglect was the least common. Most participants attributed the neglect to their parents or family circumstances. However, self-blame during childhood significantly increased the risk of self-harm and PTSD symptoms. Blaming either oneself or one’s parents was associated with a higher likelihood of self-harm and PTSD, while blaming parents for the neglect was linked to more suicide attempts. Those who attributed neglect to family circumstances showed higher levels of alcohol use as adults.

Conclusions

It́s important for professionals to recognize that, in addition to neglect itself, children’s tendency to assign blame—especially self-blame—can have lasting impacts on their mental health and behavior.

童年忽视与各种负面的短期和长期后果有关。为了理解困难的经历，人们经常寻求内部和/或外部的解释。儿童对他们为什么经历忽视的解释已被确定为与不同适应结果相关的潜在重要因素。目的本研究探讨年轻人如何解释他们所经历的童年忽视，以及这些解释如何与成年后的健康问题联系起来。方法：该研究利用了来自2500名瑞典年轻人的代表性样本的回顾性数据，其中7.5%的人报告在儿童时期被忽视。结果情绪忽视是最常见的忽视形式，而身体忽视是最不常见的。大多数参与者将这种忽视归咎于父母或家庭环境。然而，童年时期的自责会显著增加自残和PTSD症状的风险。责怪自己或父母与自残和创伤后应激障碍的可能性更高有关，而责怪父母的忽视与更多的自杀企图有关。那些将忽视归咎于家庭环境的人成年后饮酒水平更高。结论：对于专业人士来说，重要的是要认识到，除了忽视本身，儿童倾向于责备——尤其是自我责备——会对他们的心理健康和行为产生持久的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Longitudinal effects of academic stress on life satisfaction in Chinese adolescents: A moderated mediation model 学业压力对青少年生活满意度的纵向影响：一个有调节的中介模型

IF 1.7 2区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Children and Youth Services Review

Pub Date : 2025-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108663

Xin Liu , Yaoyao Zhang , Fang Ran , Jinyi Zeng , Yanling Liu

Although previous research has demonstrated a close association between academic stress and adolescents’ life satisfaction, longitudinal evidence on this relationship and its underlying mechanisms remains limited, particularly within the Chinese cultural context. To address this gap, the present study employed a three-wave longitudinal design over one year, surveying 2,870 Chinese adolescents (M age = 13.88, SD = 1.52; 50.87 % girls). The results showed that baseline academic stress significantly predicted lower life satisfaction one year later, and this effect was mediated by anxiety measured at the intermediate time point. Moreover, cognitive reappraisal moderated the relationship between academic stress and anxiety: for adolescents with higher levels of cognitive reappraisal, the positive predictive effect of academic stress on anxiety was weaker, and the indirect effect through anxiety was also reduced. These findings highlight the importance of early identification and intervention targeting academic stress among Chinese adolescents, and suggest that fostering cognitive reappraisal may serve as an effective emotion regulation strategy to alleviate anxiety and promote life satisfaction.

尽管先前的研究已经证明学业压力与青少年生活满意度之间存在密切联系，但关于这种关系及其潜在机制的纵向证据仍然有限，特别是在中国文化背景下。为了解决这一差距，本研究采用了为期一年的三波纵向设计，调查了2,870名中国青少年（M年龄= 13.88,SD = 1.52； 50.87%为女孩）。结果显示，基线学业压力显著预测一年后生活满意度的降低，而这种影响在中间时间点被焦虑所调节。认知重评对学业压力与焦虑的关系有调节作用，认知重评水平越高，学业压力对焦虑的正向预测作用越弱，通过焦虑产生的间接影响也越弱。这些发现强调了早期识别和干预中国青少年学业压力的重要性，并提示培养认知重评价可能是一种有效的情绪调节策略，可以缓解焦虑和提高生活满意度。

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引用次数: 0

An evaluation of the child protection system in Türkiye: challenges, solutions, and opportunities 对缅甸儿童保护制度的评估：挑战、解决方案和机遇

IF 1.7 2区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Children and Youth Services Review

Pub Date : 2025-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108665

Rukiye Karaveli , Gamze Erükçü Akbaş

This study employed a phenomenological design to explore the perspectives of social work academics (n = 14) and practitioners (n = 17) on the child protection system in Türkiye. Participants were recruited via purposive and snowball sampling, and data were gathered through semi-structured, in-depth interviews. Two overarching themes guided the analysis: (1) perceived challenges in the Turkish child protection system and (2) recommendations for enhancing child protection practices and services. Findings indicated a lack of systemic integrity, insufficient implementation of rights-based approaches, and deficiencies in legislative enforcement and preventive services. Key issues included poor inter-agency coordination, an ambiguous definition of the social work officer role, the absence of case management and supervision mechanisms, inadequate service models, and disregard for merit-based recruitment. Recommendations included expanding school-based social work, assigning social workers to primary healthcare settings, enhancing family support services, and institutionalizing case management and supervision systems.

本研究采用现象学设计，探讨社会工作学者（n = 14）和从业人员（n = 17）对缅甸儿童保护制度的看法。参与者是通过有目的和滚雪球抽样招募的，数据是通过半结构化的深度访谈收集的。分析的两个主要主题是：(1)土耳其儿童保护制度面临的挑战；(2)加强儿童保护做法和服务的建议。调查结果表明，缺乏系统的完整性，没有充分执行基于权利的办法，立法执法和预防服务方面存在缺陷。主要问题包括机构间协调不力、社会工作官员角色定义模糊、缺乏个案管理和监督机制、服务模式不足以及无视择优招聘。建议包括扩大以学校为基础的社会工作，向初级卫生保健机构派遣社会工作者，加强家庭支持服务，以及将病例管理和监督系统制度化。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring outdoor initiatives as tools for youth engagement, inclusion, and environmental awareness: a multi-case study from Italy and France 探索户外活动作为青年参与、包容和环境意识的工具：来自意大利和法国的多案例研究

IF 1.7 2区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Children and Youth Services Review

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108659

Laura Migliorini , Martina Olcese , Paola Cardinali , Francesco Madera

Outdoor experiences are increasingly recognized as effective tools for promoting young people’s well-being, social inclusion and sustainability. However, integrated frameworks that address these dimensions simultaneously are still scarce in youth policy and research. This qualitative multi-case study fills this gap by analysing seven outdoor initiatives implemented over the last three years in different contexts in Italy and France, specifically targeting Generation Z (12–25 years old). Through a cross-case analysis, the study examines how these activities promote environmental awareness, cultural immersion, connection with nature and protagonism among young people. The findings highlight the transformative potential of multidisciplinary initiatives that combine physical activity, ecological education and participatory design. Programs that positioned youth as active co-creators were associated with stronger expressions of belonging and responsibility for the environment. Structural constraints, such as funding discontinuity, limited accessibility and fragile infrastructures, proved to be key challenges to long-term impact. These findings have practical implications for the design of inclusive and sustainable youth programs and provide valuable guidance for educators, practitioners and policy makers.

户外体验越来越被认为是促进年轻人福祉、社会包容和可持续发展的有效工具。然而，在青年政策和研究中，同时处理这些方面的综合框架仍然很少。本定性多案例研究通过分析过去三年中在意大利和法国不同背景下实施的七项户外活动，专门针对Z世代（12-25岁），填补了这一空白。通过跨案例分析，该研究考察了这些活动如何在年轻人中促进环境意识、文化沉浸、与自然的联系和主角主义。研究结果强调了结合体育活动、生态教育和参与式设计的多学科倡议的变革潜力。将青年定位为积极的共同创造者的项目与更强烈的归属感和对环境的责任表达有关。事实证明，资金不连续、可及性有限和基础设施脆弱等结构性制约因素是影响长期影响的关键挑战。这些发现对设计包容性和可持续的青年项目具有实际意义，并为教育工作者、从业人员和政策制定者提供了宝贵的指导。

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引用次数: 0

Typology of online mental health peer support for young people: a systematic scoping review 青少年在线心理健康同伴支持的类型：一项系统的范围评估

IF 1.7 2区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Children and Youth Services Review

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108662

Shuting Yuan, Gavin Davidson, Paul Best

Background

Young people are the age group with the highest prevalence of mental health problems, yet they are the least likely to engage with traditional treatments for their symptoms. Online peer support can support youth mental health as a supplementary strategy. While there is a growing body of research focusing on specific forms of online peer support and their effectiveness, a clear classification of the types of online peer support is under-developed.

Objective

The aim of this systematic scoping review was to identify and synthesise the existing peer-reviewed literature on online mental health peer support for young people to better understand the main characteristics of online peer support and develop a possible typology.

Methods

The IBSS, SSCI, Scopus, PsycINFO, Medline and Social Policy and Practice databases were searched using title and abstract. Retrieved studies (n = 12,093) were double screened and 49 articles met the criteria to be included in the review.

Results

The systematic scoping review identified seven main characteristics and twenty-two sub-characteristics of online peer support. Based on those characteristics, three key distinguishing characteristics were identified which enabled a typology to be developed. It was therefore found that online peer support for youth mental health could be categorised into eight main types.

Conclusions

The identified characteristics and typology provide an overall description of current online mental health peer support for young people. This typology can facilitate research on effectiveness and further developments in online peer support. It may also help young people explore the types of online support available to them. Further research should explore the mechanisms and effectiveness of online peer support.

年轻人是精神健康问题患病率最高的年龄组，但他们最不可能接受传统的治疗方法来治疗他们的症状。作为一项补充战略，在线同伴支持可以支持青少年心理健康。虽然越来越多的研究集中在在线同伴支持的具体形式及其有效性上，但对在线同伴支持的类型进行明确的分类还不够。目的本系统的范围综述的目的是识别和综合现有的同行评议的关于年轻人在线心理健康同伴支持的文献，以更好地了解在线同伴支持的主要特征，并发展一种可能的类型。方法采用标题和摘要检索IBSS、SSCI、Scopus、PsycINFO、Medline和Social Policy and Practice数据库。对检索到的研究（n = 12093）进行了双重筛选，49篇文章符合纳入本综述的标准。结果通过系统的范围评估，确定了在线同伴支持的7个主要特征和22个次要特征。基于这些特征，确定了三个关键的区别特征，使类型学得以发展。因此，研究发现，对青少年心理健康的在线同伴支持可以分为八种主要类型。结论识别的特征和类型提供了当前青少年在线心理健康同伴支持的总体描述。这种类型可以促进在线同伴支持的有效性研究和进一步发展。它还可以帮助年轻人探索他们可以获得的在线支持类型。进一步的研究应探讨在线同伴支持的机制和有效性。

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引用次数: 0

The governance of national care systems for orphans and vulnerable children in Cambodia, Uganda, Zambia and other low and formerly low-income countries: Findings and implications 柬埔寨、乌干达、赞比亚和其他低收入和前低收入国家孤儿和弱势儿童国家护理系统的管理：调查结果和影响

IF 1.7 2区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Children and Youth Services Review

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108658

Jeremy Shiffman , Innocent Kamya , Adam D. Koon , Shafkat Meraj , Seiha Min , Rita Nakanjako , Eddy J. Walakira , Joseph M. Zulu , Yusra R. Shawar

This article synthesizes findings from a research project on the governance of national care systems for orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in low-income countries. The article is based on case studies of Cambodia, Uganda and Zambia, and supplementary evidence from a scoping review of peer-reviewed literature. Evidence from these studies reveals that while the countries under study have strong policies on the books, the governance of OVC care systems—including commitment, leadership, coordination, and capacity—is a different story. Few governments prioritize the care and protection of OVC, resulting in minimal public funding, weak implementation, and heavy dependence on international and non-state actors for resources and service delivery. Adverse sociopolitical and historical circumstances underpin these governance problems, including a legacy of exploitative colonial regimes, weak states that lack service delivery capacity, and kinship care that is eroding. Improving OVC care and protection requires fostering government capacity to exercise stewardship over national systems. Above all else, improved care and protection requires that actors concerned about the well-being of OVC—including involved government agencies, legislators, civil society organizations, international agencies, and the families of affected children—form political coalitions to press states to act.

本文综合了一项关于低收入国家孤儿和弱势儿童（OVC）国家护理系统治理的研究项目的结果。这篇文章基于对柬埔寨、乌干达和赞比亚的案例研究，以及来自同行评议文献的范围审查的补充证据。这些研究的证据表明，虽然所研究的国家有强有力的书面政策，但对OVC护理系统的治理——包括承诺、领导、协调和能力——是另一回事。很少有政府将照顾和保护外伤性疾病列为优先事项，导致公共资金极少，实施不力，严重依赖国际和非国家行为体提供资源和服务。不利的社会政治和历史环境支撑着这些治理问题，包括剥削性殖民政权的遗留问题，缺乏服务提供能力的弱国，以及受到侵蚀的亲属关怀。改善对野生动物的照料和保护需要培养政府管理国家系统的能力。最重要的是，改善照顾和保护需要关心儿童儿童福祉的行为体——包括相关政府机构、立法者、民间社会组织、国际机构和受影响儿童的家庭——组成政治联盟，敦促各国采取行动。

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引用次数: 0