Pub Date : 2006-10-01DOI: 10.5771/0935-9915-2006-4-484
B. Linde, R. Schalk
Mergers and acquisitions create many management challenges. The development of a new employment relationship is one of the problems in such a situation. This paper investigates the influence of previous employment structures and the experience of previous employment relationships on the psychological contract, job satisfaction, job insecurity, and general health of employees in the context of a merged higher education institution. Employees of two previously independent universities that merged into one university completed a questionnaire. The two former universities had a very different history with very dissimilar employment relationships and experiences among personnel. This history influenced the experience of the employment relationship after the merger.
{"title":"Experience of the Employment Relationship after a Merger","authors":"B. Linde, R. Schalk","doi":"10.5771/0935-9915-2006-4-484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0935-9915-2006-4-484","url":null,"abstract":"Mergers and acquisitions create many management challenges. The development of a new employment relationship is one of the problems in such a situation. This paper investigates the influence of previous employment structures and the experience of previous employment relationships on the psychological contract, job satisfaction, job insecurity, and general health of employees in the context of a merged higher education institution. Employees of two previously independent universities that merged into one university completed a questionnaire. The two former universities had a very different history with very dissimilar employment relationships and experiences among personnel. This history influenced the experience of the employment relationship after the merger.","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71306193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Financiele integratie en kredietverlening aan MKBs","authors":"H. Degryse, S. Ongena, María Fabiana Penas","doi":"10.5117/mab.80.12814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5117/mab.80.12814","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70552239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-11-10DOI: 10.1016/S1064-4857(05)11006-7
Jean-françois Hennart
{"title":"Internationalization theory and the international diversification-performance conundrum","authors":"Jean-françois Hennart","doi":"10.1016/S1064-4857(05)11006-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1064-4857(05)11006-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1064-4857(05)11006-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56450580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Competing Devotions: Career and Family Among Women Executives. Mary Blair-Loy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 2003. 269 pp. ISBN 0-674-01089-2. $39.95 (cloth). Despite the rapid increase in women's educational attainment and enhanced labor force opportunities, women continue to lag behind men in career success. Goldin (2004) estimates that only 21%-27% of recent cohorts of college-educated women achieve "work and family" success (babies and well-paid careers) by midlife; Mary Blair-Loy, in Competing Devotions, helps us understand why. Based on in-depth interviews with 56 women in top executive positions in the finance industry and with 25 women who left these high-powered careers to focus on children and family, she illuminates the factors that impede gender equality in the labor market and the home even among those with the greatest resources and ability. According to Blair-Loy, two powerful schema help define the options of high-achieving women: the schema of "devotion to work" and "devotion to family." Schema operate at both the social and individual level: They are powerful not only because they offer shared understanding about how the world works and how it should work but also because they become internalized by the individual. The dilemma for high-achieving women is that they are caught between the widely shared belief that their profession is a calling, but so is motherhood. Under the devotion to work schema, market work is more than a job, it is a vocation. Work in these high-powered finance jobs requires single-minded devotion. In its extreme, only those who devote themselves totally to the job are worthy of the rise to the top. On the other hand, an equally powerful devotion to family schema sees motherhood in much the same light, as a life's work to which a woman must give herself over. One cannot be a "good mother" part time, and it is assumed that biology makes women, not men, the best caregivers of children. Because time is finite, it is difficult-indeed impossible for the most zealous adherents of both-to combine work and family. Fully two thirds of the 56 women in Blair-Loy's sample of top finance executives do not have children. Blair-Loy sees these women as conformists; they do not challenge the devotion to work schema by trying to combine highpowered careers with childrearing. Instead, they forego becoming mothers. On the other side, the women who have completely given up careers to rear children also do not challenge either schema but rather reinforce the notion that occupational achievement and good mothering are incompatible. Interestingly, views of what children need differ for those who devote themselves to family versus those who continue in high-powered careers while also rearing children. …
{"title":"Competing Devotions: Career and Family among Women Executives","authors":"S. Bianchi","doi":"10.5860/choice.41-2266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.41-2266","url":null,"abstract":"Competing Devotions: Career and Family Among Women Executives. Mary Blair-Loy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 2003. 269 pp. ISBN 0-674-01089-2. $39.95 (cloth). Despite the rapid increase in women's educational attainment and enhanced labor force opportunities, women continue to lag behind men in career success. Goldin (2004) estimates that only 21%-27% of recent cohorts of college-educated women achieve \"work and family\" success (babies and well-paid careers) by midlife; Mary Blair-Loy, in Competing Devotions, helps us understand why. Based on in-depth interviews with 56 women in top executive positions in the finance industry and with 25 women who left these high-powered careers to focus on children and family, she illuminates the factors that impede gender equality in the labor market and the home even among those with the greatest resources and ability. According to Blair-Loy, two powerful schema help define the options of high-achieving women: the schema of \"devotion to work\" and \"devotion to family.\" Schema operate at both the social and individual level: They are powerful not only because they offer shared understanding about how the world works and how it should work but also because they become internalized by the individual. The dilemma for high-achieving women is that they are caught between the widely shared belief that their profession is a calling, but so is motherhood. Under the devotion to work schema, market work is more than a job, it is a vocation. Work in these high-powered finance jobs requires single-minded devotion. In its extreme, only those who devote themselves totally to the job are worthy of the rise to the top. On the other hand, an equally powerful devotion to family schema sees motherhood in much the same light, as a life's work to which a woman must give herself over. One cannot be a \"good mother\" part time, and it is assumed that biology makes women, not men, the best caregivers of children. Because time is finite, it is difficult-indeed impossible for the most zealous adherents of both-to combine work and family. Fully two thirds of the 56 women in Blair-Loy's sample of top finance executives do not have children. Blair-Loy sees these women as conformists; they do not challenge the devotion to work schema by trying to combine highpowered careers with childrearing. Instead, they forego becoming mothers. On the other side, the women who have completely given up careers to rear children also do not challenge either schema but rather reinforce the notion that occupational achievement and good mothering are incompatible. Interestingly, views of what children need differ for those who devote themselves to family versus those who continue in high-powered careers while also rearing children. …","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"67 1","pages":"782"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71098464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Not-So-Nuclear Families: Class, Gender, and Networks of Care. Karen V. Hansen. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. 2005. 261 pp. ISBN 0-8135-3501-8. $62.00 (cloth); $22.95 (paper). In Not-So-Nuclear Families, Karen Hansen challenges the idea that Americans are individualistic, relying only upon themselves and their nuclear families. She beautifully illustrates the webs of interdependence that bind us together, analyzing the networks working parents develop to help in caring for their school-age children. The book makes a masterful contribution to the literature-her qualitative and indepth portraits should have a deep resonance for everyone studying and/or engaged in caring for others. Hansen begins the book with a puzzle: If more women are employed, if both men and women are working longer hours, and if there are no new structural supports in the shape of workplace or state policies to support working families-who is caring for school-age children, given the disparity between school and work hours? Hansen answers this question through a convincing in-depth analysis of how families at four different class levels address the care gap, drawing attention to the important role that kin and friends play in providing "networks of care." Hansen's research design is meant to untangle the relationship class plays in shaping networks providing care. She starts with four network "anchors" (or parents of school-age children) at four different class levels-working class, middle class, professional middle class, and upper class-focusing on White families to avoid making comparisons across both race and class. She interviews a list of people that the anchor identifies as helping rear her or their children, including grandparents, aunts, uncles, neighbors, friends, babysitters, and nannies. This approach allows for multiple contacts with the network over time, while also triangulating the data because each member provides a different perspective on the same network. In the first major section of the book, four chapters profile each network and provide the details about how each anchor draws upon the help of networks. In the second section, Hansen analyzes particular issues in more depth. She explores the way anchors screen and recruit people into their networks, considers the reciprocity in their relationships that is necessary for these networks to exist, and analyzes the way men participate in these networks and the gendered implications of this care. Overall, the book makes a powerful statement about interdependence and the impact of both structure and agency in constructing networks of care. In three cases, the networks appear fairly vital; in the fourth, the network is unable to effectively handle the demands for care. …
非核心家庭:阶级、性别和关怀网络。凯伦·v·汉森。New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. 2005。261页，ISBN 0-8135-3501-8。62.00美元(布);22.95美元(纸)。在《不那么核心的家庭》一书中，卡伦·汉森挑战了美国人个人主义、只依赖自己和核心家庭的观点。她很好地阐释了将我们联系在一起的相互依赖的网络，分析了职场父母为帮助照顾学龄儿童而建立的网络。这本书对文学做出了杰出的贡献——她的定性和深度的肖像应该会对每个研究和/或从事关心他人的人产生深刻的共鸣。汉森在书的开头提出了一个难题:如果有更多的女性受雇，如果男性和女性的工作时间都更长，如果没有新的结构性支持，比如工作场所或国家政策来支持工薪家庭——那么，鉴于上学和工作时间的差异，谁来照顾学龄儿童呢?汉森通过对四个不同阶层的家庭如何解决护理差距的令人信服的深入分析，回答了这个问题，并将人们的注意力吸引到亲属和朋友在提供“护理网络”方面所起的重要作用上。汉森的研究设计旨在理清关系阶层在形成提供护理的网络中的作用。她从四个不同阶层的网络“主播”(或学龄儿童的父母)开始——工人阶级、中产阶级、职业中产阶级和上层阶级——重点关注白人家庭，以避免种族和阶级之间的比较。她采访了一系列主持人认为帮助抚养她或他们孩子的人，包括祖父母、阿姨、叔叔、邻居、朋友、保姆和保姆。这种方法允许随着时间的推移与网络进行多次接触，同时还可以对数据进行三角测量，因为每个成员在同一网络上提供不同的视角。在本书的第一个主要部分，四章概述了每个网络，并提供了关于每个锚如何利用网络的帮助的细节。在第二部分中，Hansen更深入地分析了具体问题。她探索了主播筛选和招募人们进入他们的网络的方式，考虑了他们关系中的互惠性，这是这些网络存在所必需的，并分析了男性参与这些网络的方式以及这种照顾的性别含义。总的来说，这本书对相互依赖以及结构和机构在构建护理网络中的影响做出了强有力的陈述。在三个案例中，网络显得相当重要;第四，网络无法有效处理护理需求。…
{"title":"Not-So-Nuclear Families: Class, Gender, and Networks of Care","authors":"Joya Misra","doi":"10.5860/choice.43-1891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.43-1891","url":null,"abstract":"Not-So-Nuclear Families: Class, Gender, and Networks of Care. Karen V. Hansen. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. 2005. 261 pp. ISBN 0-8135-3501-8. $62.00 (cloth); $22.95 (paper). In Not-So-Nuclear Families, Karen Hansen challenges the idea that Americans are individualistic, relying only upon themselves and their nuclear families. She beautifully illustrates the webs of interdependence that bind us together, analyzing the networks working parents develop to help in caring for their school-age children. The book makes a masterful contribution to the literature-her qualitative and indepth portraits should have a deep resonance for everyone studying and/or engaged in caring for others. Hansen begins the book with a puzzle: If more women are employed, if both men and women are working longer hours, and if there are no new structural supports in the shape of workplace or state policies to support working families-who is caring for school-age children, given the disparity between school and work hours? Hansen answers this question through a convincing in-depth analysis of how families at four different class levels address the care gap, drawing attention to the important role that kin and friends play in providing \"networks of care.\" Hansen's research design is meant to untangle the relationship class plays in shaping networks providing care. She starts with four network \"anchors\" (or parents of school-age children) at four different class levels-working class, middle class, professional middle class, and upper class-focusing on White families to avoid making comparisons across both race and class. She interviews a list of people that the anchor identifies as helping rear her or their children, including grandparents, aunts, uncles, neighbors, friends, babysitters, and nannies. This approach allows for multiple contacts with the network over time, while also triangulating the data because each member provides a different perspective on the same network. In the first major section of the book, four chapters profile each network and provide the details about how each anchor draws upon the help of networks. In the second section, Hansen analyzes particular issues in more depth. She explores the way anchors screen and recruit people into their networks, considers the reciprocity in their relationships that is necessary for these networks to exist, and analyzes the way men participate in these networks and the gendered implications of this care. Overall, the book makes a powerful statement about interdependence and the impact of both structure and agency in constructing networks of care. In three cases, the networks appear fairly vital; in the fourth, the network is unable to effectively handle the demands for care. …","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"7 1","pages":"783"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71108809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thrice Told Tales: Married Couples Tell Their Stories. Diane Holmberg, Terri L. Orbuch, and Joseph Veroff. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 2004. 231 pp. ISBN 0-520-21826-4. $69.95 (cloth); $29.95 (paper). Scholars have increasingly acknowledged that quantitative and qualitative methodologies provide uniquely valuable information about the widely varied social phenomena we study. Still, many researchers confine themselves, often building a body of work that falls in one or the other of these two methodological approaches. In their book, Thrice Told Tales: Married Couples Tell Their Stories, Diane Holmberg, Terri Orbuch, and Joseph Veroff break these boundaries and present a study based on a blend of both qualitative and quantitative data that provides a glimpse of how married couples make their marital relationships meaningful and how those constructed meanings are related to overall marital well-being. Before delving into the central question of the relationship between marital happiness and the stories couples construct about their marriages, Holmberg et al. situate their study in the diverse tradition of qualitative, interpretive social science and narrative analysis in particular. This broad field of inquiry has witnessed significant developments in recent years in ways that this project does not address. However, this current effort to explore these marriage narratives underscores the fact that narrative analyses are reaching an ever-widening audience. Holmberg et al. have been at work on the Early Years of Marriage project at the University of Michigan for nearly 20 years. This larger project involved interviews with married couples in Years 1 through 4, Year 7, and Year 16 of their marriages. Thrice Told Tales utilizes data from in-depth but loosely structured, face-to-face interviews with the couples in Years 1, 3, and 7. At each interview, the couple was asked to tell the researcher the step-by-step story of their relationship, specifically addressing their courtship, wedding, honeymoon, current married life, and future life. First, the authors present the features and qualities of the couples' stories in Year 1. In the following three chapters, they consider changes in these stories by comparing newlywed narratives with stories provided in Years 3 and 7. Next, the researchers explore the relationship between marital happiness and certain narrative features and also address gender and ethnic variations in the marriage narratives. They conclude by considering what was learned from this study about both marriage and the narrative approach. Various qualities of the narratives were assessed including the dramatic flair and degree of integration in the stories themselves. To the researchers' surprise, couples' stories were neither very dramatic in style or content nor were they very coherent (with a clear plot structure from beginning to end). …
三次讲述的故事:已婚夫妇讲述他们的故事。Diane Holmberg, Terri L. Orbuch和Joseph Veroff。mawah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 2004。231页，ISBN 0-520-21826-4。69.95美元(布);29.95美元(纸)。学者们越来越认识到，定量和定性方法为我们所研究的各种各样的社会现象提供了独特的有价值的信息。尽管如此，许多研究人员还是把自己限制在这两种方法中的一种，经常建立一个属于这两种方法中的另一种的工作体系。在他们的书《三次讲述的故事:已婚夫妇讲述他们的故事》中，黛安·霍姆伯格、特里·奥巴克和约瑟夫·弗洛夫打破了这些界限，提出了一项基于定性和定量数据混合的研究，该研究提供了已婚夫妇如何使他们的婚姻关系有意义以及这些构建的意义如何与整体婚姻幸福相关的一种视角。在深入研究婚姻幸福与夫妻构建的婚姻故事之间的关系这一核心问题之前，Holmberg等人将他们的研究置于定性、解释性社会科学和叙事分析的多样化传统中。近年来，这一广泛的研究领域取得了重大进展，而本项目并未涉及这些方面。然而，目前探索这些婚姻叙事的努力强调了这样一个事实，即叙事分析正在吸引越来越多的受众。Holmberg等人在密歇根大学从事婚姻早期项目近20年。这个更大的项目包括对结婚一到四年级、七年级和十六年级的夫妇进行采访。《三言两语》利用了深度但结构松散的数据，对第一年、第三年和第七年的夫妇进行了面对面的采访。在每次采访中，这对夫妇都被要求向研究人员讲述他们关系的循序渐进的故事，特别是他们的恋爱、婚礼、蜜月、现在的婚姻生活和未来的生活。首先，作者介绍了一年级夫妻故事的特点和特点。在接下来的三章中，他们通过将新婚故事与三年级和七年级提供的故事进行比较，来考虑这些故事的变化。接下来，研究人员探讨了婚姻幸福与某些叙事特征之间的关系，并探讨了婚姻叙事中的性别和种族差异。最后，他们考虑了从这项研究中学到的关于婚姻和叙事方法的知识。评估了叙述的各种品质，包括戏剧天赋和故事本身的整合程度。令研究人员惊讶的是，夫妻故事的风格和内容既不是很戏剧化，也不是很连贯(从头到尾都有清晰的情节结构)。…
{"title":"Thrice Told Tales: Married Couples Tell Their Stories","authors":"D. M. Baird","doi":"10.5860/choice.41-5981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.41-5981","url":null,"abstract":"Thrice Told Tales: Married Couples Tell Their Stories. Diane Holmberg, Terri L. Orbuch, and Joseph Veroff. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 2004. 231 pp. ISBN 0-520-21826-4. $69.95 (cloth); $29.95 (paper). Scholars have increasingly acknowledged that quantitative and qualitative methodologies provide uniquely valuable information about the widely varied social phenomena we study. Still, many researchers confine themselves, often building a body of work that falls in one or the other of these two methodological approaches. In their book, Thrice Told Tales: Married Couples Tell Their Stories, Diane Holmberg, Terri Orbuch, and Joseph Veroff break these boundaries and present a study based on a blend of both qualitative and quantitative data that provides a glimpse of how married couples make their marital relationships meaningful and how those constructed meanings are related to overall marital well-being. Before delving into the central question of the relationship between marital happiness and the stories couples construct about their marriages, Holmberg et al. situate their study in the diverse tradition of qualitative, interpretive social science and narrative analysis in particular. This broad field of inquiry has witnessed significant developments in recent years in ways that this project does not address. However, this current effort to explore these marriage narratives underscores the fact that narrative analyses are reaching an ever-widening audience. Holmberg et al. have been at work on the Early Years of Marriage project at the University of Michigan for nearly 20 years. This larger project involved interviews with married couples in Years 1 through 4, Year 7, and Year 16 of their marriages. Thrice Told Tales utilizes data from in-depth but loosely structured, face-to-face interviews with the couples in Years 1, 3, and 7. At each interview, the couple was asked to tell the researcher the step-by-step story of their relationship, specifically addressing their courtship, wedding, honeymoon, current married life, and future life. First, the authors present the features and qualities of the couples' stories in Year 1. In the following three chapters, they consider changes in these stories by comparing newlywed narratives with stories provided in Years 3 and 7. Next, the researchers explore the relationship between marital happiness and certain narrative features and also address gender and ethnic variations in the marriage narratives. They conclude by considering what was learned from this study about both marriage and the narrative approach. Various qualities of the narratives were assessed including the dramatic flair and degree of integration in the stories themselves. To the researchers' surprise, couples' stories were neither very dramatic in style or content nor were they very coherent (with a clear plot structure from beginning to end). …","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"67 1","pages":"781"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71101185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It's About Time: Couples and Careers. Phyllis Moen (editor). Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 2003. 436 pp. Cloth ISBN 0-8014-8837-0, $45.00. Paperback ISBN 0-8014-8837-0, $19.95. Phyllis Moen's edited volume, It's About Time: Couples and Careers, is a compilation of studies from the Cornell Couples and Careers Study conducted by scholars at the Cornell Employment and Family Careers Institute. The volume consists of 19 chapters, each focusing on the myriad ways in which dual-income couples attempt to synchronize the competing demands of work and family life. More specifically, the book provides glimpses into the ways that today's couples are managing their workplace and family responsibilities, and does so by focusing on the temporal dimensions of each. At base, the book recites what has become conventional wisdom in the literature: Both workplace culture and policies will have to change, or couples will have to revert to a more traditional model, with women "opting out" of the workforce and men serving as the primary breadwinners. The book advocates for the former and offers some insight into the lives of modern, dual-earner middle-class couples. It's About Time raises a number of interesting questions and examines the ways in which couples negotiate and work through the day-to-day challenges in their lives. Among the more interesting aspects of the book are substantive chapters that contribute to our understanding about how couples develop time strategies, as well as how time constraints influence everything from satisfaction with relationships to family planning to commuting patterns. Investigations by previous scholars and several of the book's contributors do a good job addressing the fact that the challenges imposed upon dual-income couples are very gendered, differentially affecting men's and women's choices and opportunities. Interestingly, in Chapter 12, Joy Pixley and Phyllis Moen find that, when faced with career opportunity decisions, couples in the Couples and Careers Study were more likely to indicate that they prioritized the wife's career or gave both partners' careers equal priority, indicating a shift away from the notion that wives' careers are secondary to men's. At the same time, Robert Orrange, Francille Firebaugh, and Ramona Heck show that wives in dual-earner households are still largely responsible for managing their households, especially if they have young children. Likewise, Janet Marler, Pamela Tolbert, and George Milkovich show that couples' employment arrangements are highly correlated with traditional gender role attitudes, with women being more likely than men to adapt their work over their life course to accommodate increasing caretaking responsibilities in the household (256). …
{"title":"It's about Time: Couples and Careers","authors":"L. Martinez","doi":"10.5860/choice.41-0407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.41-0407","url":null,"abstract":"It's About Time: Couples and Careers. Phyllis Moen (editor). Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 2003. 436 pp. Cloth ISBN 0-8014-8837-0, $45.00. Paperback ISBN 0-8014-8837-0, $19.95. Phyllis Moen's edited volume, It's About Time: Couples and Careers, is a compilation of studies from the Cornell Couples and Careers Study conducted by scholars at the Cornell Employment and Family Careers Institute. The volume consists of 19 chapters, each focusing on the myriad ways in which dual-income couples attempt to synchronize the competing demands of work and family life. More specifically, the book provides glimpses into the ways that today's couples are managing their workplace and family responsibilities, and does so by focusing on the temporal dimensions of each. At base, the book recites what has become conventional wisdom in the literature: Both workplace culture and policies will have to change, or couples will have to revert to a more traditional model, with women \"opting out\" of the workforce and men serving as the primary breadwinners. The book advocates for the former and offers some insight into the lives of modern, dual-earner middle-class couples. It's About Time raises a number of interesting questions and examines the ways in which couples negotiate and work through the day-to-day challenges in their lives. Among the more interesting aspects of the book are substantive chapters that contribute to our understanding about how couples develop time strategies, as well as how time constraints influence everything from satisfaction with relationships to family planning to commuting patterns. Investigations by previous scholars and several of the book's contributors do a good job addressing the fact that the challenges imposed upon dual-income couples are very gendered, differentially affecting men's and women's choices and opportunities. Interestingly, in Chapter 12, Joy Pixley and Phyllis Moen find that, when faced with career opportunity decisions, couples in the Couples and Careers Study were more likely to indicate that they prioritized the wife's career or gave both partners' careers equal priority, indicating a shift away from the notion that wives' careers are secondary to men's. At the same time, Robert Orrange, Francille Firebaugh, and Ramona Heck show that wives in dual-earner households are still largely responsible for managing their households, especially if they have young children. Likewise, Janet Marler, Pamela Tolbert, and George Milkovich show that couples' employment arrangements are highly correlated with traditional gender role attitudes, with women being more likely than men to adapt their work over their life course to accommodate increasing caretaking responsibilities in the household (256). …","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"66 1","pages":"839"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71097311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Working and Growing Up in America. Jeylan T. Mortimer. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 2003. 304 pp. ISBN 0-674-00923-1. $45.00 (cloth). Does paid work interfere with youth's educational and/or extracurricular activities, thus decreasing youth's chances for positive developmental outcomes? The controversy over whether adolescents should engage in paid work has brewed for decades. Jeylan T. Mortimer, in Working and Growing Up in America, dramatically changes the context of the debate. She provides ample evidence that not only is working in moderation (20 hours or less) through high school not harmful but that steady, low-intensity employment may actually improve developmental outcomes for youth. In 1987, Mortimer initiated a longitudinal study designed to assess how the quantity and quality of paid work affect developmental outcomes of youth. The project began with an initial group of 1,010 Minnesota ninth graders, who were followed through 7 years post-high school (1998). The participant retention rate is one of the many strengths of this study. Mortimer boasts 93% retention at year 4 of the study (participants were seniors), and in 1998, 75.9% of the original participants were still involved. The research design is also an excellent study. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from the students and their parents in order to reveal the developmental processes and trajectories of both working and nonworking youth. Working and Growing Up in America not only adds to the body of knowledge regarding the consequences of paid work on youth development but is also a fine example of credible social science research. This was inarguably a massive research project, yet Mortimer adopts a comfortable, easy-to-understand tone throughout the book. She speaks softly, yet systematically refutes all of the usual arguments against paid youth work. Each chapter begins with an overview of relevant research literature and concludes with a concise summary. The limitations of the research are clearly indicated. The author acknowledges that problems are inherent in self-reported data, and that findings may or may not be generalizable to other populations or geographic regions. Chapter 1 is a lively introduction to the debate over whether youth should engage in paid work. Mortimer sets the stage for later chapters with a brief sociohistorical account of youth employment in the United States, and a balanced presentation of the potential positive and negative consequences of paid work for youth. She introduces the Youth Development Study (YDS) in Chapter 2, where she details the data collection protocols. In Chapter 3, Mortimer discusses how youth allocate time among various activities. She differentiates between household work, schoolwork, volunteer work, and paid work, and then makes a compelling case that developmental outcomes may be related to individual (subjective) perceptions of each type of "work." She introduces a typology of youth work charact
{"title":"Working and Growing Up in America","authors":"L. Blalock","doi":"10.5860/choice.41-1253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.41-1253","url":null,"abstract":"Working and Growing Up in America. Jeylan T. Mortimer. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 2003. 304 pp. ISBN 0-674-00923-1. $45.00 (cloth). Does paid work interfere with youth's educational and/or extracurricular activities, thus decreasing youth's chances for positive developmental outcomes? The controversy over whether adolescents should engage in paid work has brewed for decades. Jeylan T. Mortimer, in Working and Growing Up in America, dramatically changes the context of the debate. She provides ample evidence that not only is working in moderation (20 hours or less) through high school not harmful but that steady, low-intensity employment may actually improve developmental outcomes for youth. In 1987, Mortimer initiated a longitudinal study designed to assess how the quantity and quality of paid work affect developmental outcomes of youth. The project began with an initial group of 1,010 Minnesota ninth graders, who were followed through 7 years post-high school (1998). The participant retention rate is one of the many strengths of this study. Mortimer boasts 93% retention at year 4 of the study (participants were seniors), and in 1998, 75.9% of the original participants were still involved. The research design is also an excellent study. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from the students and their parents in order to reveal the developmental processes and trajectories of both working and nonworking youth. Working and Growing Up in America not only adds to the body of knowledge regarding the consequences of paid work on youth development but is also a fine example of credible social science research. This was inarguably a massive research project, yet Mortimer adopts a comfortable, easy-to-understand tone throughout the book. She speaks softly, yet systematically refutes all of the usual arguments against paid youth work. Each chapter begins with an overview of relevant research literature and concludes with a concise summary. The limitations of the research are clearly indicated. The author acknowledges that problems are inherent in self-reported data, and that findings may or may not be generalizable to other populations or geographic regions. Chapter 1 is a lively introduction to the debate over whether youth should engage in paid work. Mortimer sets the stage for later chapters with a brief sociohistorical account of youth employment in the United States, and a balanced presentation of the potential positive and negative consequences of paid work for youth. She introduces the Youth Development Study (YDS) in Chapter 2, where she details the data collection protocols. In Chapter 3, Mortimer discusses how youth allocate time among various activities. She differentiates between household work, schoolwork, volunteer work, and paid work, and then makes a compelling case that developmental outcomes may be related to individual (subjective) perceptions of each type of \"work.\" She introduces a typology of youth work charact","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"66 1","pages":"258"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71097381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Wedding Complex: Forms of Belonging in Modern American Culture. Elizabeth Freeman. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 2002. 288 pp. ISBN 0-822-32989-1. $19.95 (paper). What does it mean when so many people desire a wedding but not necessarily a marriage? This is what The Wedding Complex: Forms of Belonging in Modern American Culture examines. Using queer theory and social history, Elizabeth Freeman explores the meaning of weddings, intimacy, and long-term commitment in various texts, films, and plays. In particular, she looks at texts in which "the wedding did not necessarily instantiate a legal marriage but instead tapped into fantasies that were irreducible to the wish for long-term domestic couplehood recognized by the state" (p. xi). Instead of weddings being seen as the final event culminating in heterosexual marriage, they are seen as situations that provide the opportunity for showing attachments to family members, friends, religion, or even consumption. Numerous novels are examined, including Carson McCullers' (1946) The Member of the Wedding, William Faulkner's (1936) Absalom, Absalom!, Nathaniel Hawthorne's (1850) The Scarlet Letter, and Vladimir Nabokov's (1955) Lolita. Several films from 1950, 1967, 1972, and 1991 are analyzed, as well as Princess Diana and Prince Charles's wedding; various White House weddings (daughters of American Presidents); and the interactive, Off-Broadway play Tony n' Tina's Wedding (1994). The concept of the wedding is used to reorganize gender. Moreover, race, ethnicity, and class also are examined in Freeman's analysis. For example, her analysis of The Member of the Wedding points out that wanting a wedding does not necessarily translate into wanting a marriage. Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! reveals how weddings are sites for renegotiating race. In general, Freeman's analysis illustrates how "weddings can conjure up sites other than the state within which relationships of many kinds might become visible and preserved in cultural memory" (p. 210), such as gay and lesbian relationships, nonparental relationships between adults and children, and other bonds that are considered nonnormative from a wedding standpoint. Although the premise of the book is important, I did find it difficult to follow. Because the style of writing is very dense and detailed, I found it difficult to find the main point at times. The writer is trained as a literary critic, and likely writes in a way consistent with that literature. As a result, this book may be more helpful to literary scholars than to family scholars. …
婚礼情结:现代美国文化中的归属形式。伊丽莎白·弗里曼。达勒姆，北卡罗来纳州:杜克大学出版社，2002。288页，ISBN 0-822-32989-1。19.95美元(纸)。那么多人想要结婚，但不一定要结婚，这意味着什么?这就是《婚礼情结:现代美国文化中的归属形式》一书所探讨的。利用酷儿理论和社会历史，伊丽莎白·弗里曼在各种文本、电影和戏剧中探索了婚礼、亲密关系和长期承诺的意义。特别地，她看了一些文本，其中“婚礼不一定是合法婚姻的实例，而是挖掘了不可简化为国家认可的长期家庭伴侣的愿望的幻想”(第xi页)。婚礼不是被视为异性婚姻的最终事件，而是被视为提供机会展示对家庭成员，朋友，宗教，甚至消费的依恋。大量的小说被审查，包括卡森·麦卡勒斯(1946)的《婚礼的成员》，威廉·福克纳(1936)的《押沙龙，押沙龙!》纳撒尼尔·霍桑(1850)的《红字》和弗拉基米尔·纳博科夫(1955)的《洛丽塔》。本文分析了1950、1967、1972和1991年的几部电影，以及戴安娜王妃和查尔斯王子的婚礼;各种白宫婚礼(美国总统的女儿);以及互动的非百老汇戏剧《托尼和蒂娜的婚礼》(1994)。婚礼的概念被用来重新组织性别。此外，弗里曼的分析还考察了种族、民族和阶级。例如，她对《婚礼成员》(The Member of The Wedding)的分析指出，想要婚礼并不一定意味着想要结婚。福克纳的《押沙龙，押沙龙!》揭示了婚礼如何成为重新谈判种族的场所。总的来说，弗里曼的分析说明了“婚礼如何能让人联想到不同于这种状态的场所，在这种状态下，许多种类的关系可能变得可见，并保存在文化记忆中”(第210页)，比如男女同性恋关系，成人和儿童之间的非父母关系，以及其他从婚礼的角度来看被认为不规范的关系。虽然这本书的前提很重要，但我确实觉得很难理解。由于写作风格非常密集和详细，我发现有时很难找到重点。作家被训练成文学评论家，并可能以与文学一致的方式写作。因此，这本书可能对文学学者比家庭学者更有帮助。…
{"title":"The Wedding Complex: Forms of Belonging in Modern American Culture","authors":"Áine M. Humble","doi":"10.5860/choice.40-4469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.40-4469","url":null,"abstract":"The Wedding Complex: Forms of Belonging in Modern American Culture. Elizabeth Freeman. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 2002. 288 pp. ISBN 0-822-32989-1. $19.95 (paper). What does it mean when so many people desire a wedding but not necessarily a marriage? This is what The Wedding Complex: Forms of Belonging in Modern American Culture examines. Using queer theory and social history, Elizabeth Freeman explores the meaning of weddings, intimacy, and long-term commitment in various texts, films, and plays. In particular, she looks at texts in which \"the wedding did not necessarily instantiate a legal marriage but instead tapped into fantasies that were irreducible to the wish for long-term domestic couplehood recognized by the state\" (p. xi). Instead of weddings being seen as the final event culminating in heterosexual marriage, they are seen as situations that provide the opportunity for showing attachments to family members, friends, religion, or even consumption. Numerous novels are examined, including Carson McCullers' (1946) The Member of the Wedding, William Faulkner's (1936) Absalom, Absalom!, Nathaniel Hawthorne's (1850) The Scarlet Letter, and Vladimir Nabokov's (1955) Lolita. Several films from 1950, 1967, 1972, and 1991 are analyzed, as well as Princess Diana and Prince Charles's wedding; various White House weddings (daughters of American Presidents); and the interactive, Off-Broadway play Tony n' Tina's Wedding (1994). The concept of the wedding is used to reorganize gender. Moreover, race, ethnicity, and class also are examined in Freeman's analysis. For example, her analysis of The Member of the Wedding points out that wanting a wedding does not necessarily translate into wanting a marriage. Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! reveals how weddings are sites for renegotiating race. In general, Freeman's analysis illustrates how \"weddings can conjure up sites other than the state within which relationships of many kinds might become visible and preserved in cultural memory\" (p. 210), such as gay and lesbian relationships, nonparental relationships between adults and children, and other bonds that are considered nonnormative from a wedding standpoint. Although the premise of the book is important, I did find it difficult to follow. Because the style of writing is very dense and detailed, I found it difficult to find the main point at times. The writer is trained as a literary critic, and likely writes in a way consistent with that literature. As a result, this book may be more helpful to literary scholars than to family scholars. …","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"65 1","pages":"1084"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71094743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Woman-to-Woman Sexual Violence: Does She Call It Rape? Lori B. Girshick. Boston: Northeastern University Press. 2002. 201 pp. ISBN 1-55553-527-5. $16.95 (paper). If sexual violence is rooted in patriarchy, male dominance, and oppression of women, then how do we explain women's sexual violence? If women are nonviolent and lesbianism an egalitarian Utopia, then how do we understand women's violence against other women, especially their own partners and lovers? As Lori Girshick so ably points out, heterosexism and homophobia mean that the ways women experience sexual violence by other women are frequently not recognized as rape or sexual assault, thus depriving victims of support and services. Women-to-Woman Sexual Violence confronts the paucity of research, popular press attention (even in the queer press), and services. Sexual violence is "any unwanted sexual activity" and includes "contact" and "noncontact" sexual activities (p. 19). Girshick's data come from a self-administered, largely open-ended survey and follow-up interviews collecting detailed information about sexual violence incidents and their aftermath and women's understandings of sexual violence and homophobia. Participants were recruited via announcements posted throughout the United States to domestic violence and rape crisis agencies and feminist, gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender centers, organizations, groups, and media. The 70 women, aged 18-64 (average age 37), thus comprise a self-selected, unrepresentative, but nearly national sample of women who experienced woman-to-woman sexual violence. Most of the women were White, lesbian, and working or middle class in terms of education and occupation, though frequently not income. They described 91 situations of sexual violence, most of which occurred during or before the 1980s and when the average age of the women was under 25. The women's youth and the historical time period (the earliest years of lesbian activism), in combination with significant abuse histories for many women, made it more difficult for them to speak out and seek help. The experiences of these women are remarkably similar to those of women experiencing heterosexual violence. Most of the incidents occurred within the context of committed or romantic relationships or with acquaintances or friends. Nearly half of the incidents occurred in a battering relationship. Women frequently remained silent about their victimization, either because of the assailant's terrorizing or because of their own or their friends' disbelief. Legal assistance was seldom sought and rarely effective. In relating the incidents of sexual violence suffered by these women, Girshick makes clear that violence is not about gender but about power and control. Citing bell hooks' (1984) examination of interlocking systems of oppression and domination, she explores the ways in which heterosexism (and monosexism) and homophobia (also bi- and transphobia) collude to assist the assailant in maintain
{"title":"Woman-to-Woman Sexual Violence: Does She Call It Rape?","authors":"Mona J. E. Danger","doi":"10.5860/choice.40-1613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.40-1613","url":null,"abstract":"Woman-to-Woman Sexual Violence: Does She Call It Rape? Lori B. Girshick. Boston: Northeastern University Press. 2002. 201 pp. ISBN 1-55553-527-5. $16.95 (paper). If sexual violence is rooted in patriarchy, male dominance, and oppression of women, then how do we explain women's sexual violence? If women are nonviolent and lesbianism an egalitarian Utopia, then how do we understand women's violence against other women, especially their own partners and lovers? As Lori Girshick so ably points out, heterosexism and homophobia mean that the ways women experience sexual violence by other women are frequently not recognized as rape or sexual assault, thus depriving victims of support and services. Women-to-Woman Sexual Violence confronts the paucity of research, popular press attention (even in the queer press), and services. Sexual violence is \"any unwanted sexual activity\" and includes \"contact\" and \"noncontact\" sexual activities (p. 19). Girshick's data come from a self-administered, largely open-ended survey and follow-up interviews collecting detailed information about sexual violence incidents and their aftermath and women's understandings of sexual violence and homophobia. Participants were recruited via announcements posted throughout the United States to domestic violence and rape crisis agencies and feminist, gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender centers, organizations, groups, and media. The 70 women, aged 18-64 (average age 37), thus comprise a self-selected, unrepresentative, but nearly national sample of women who experienced woman-to-woman sexual violence. Most of the women were White, lesbian, and working or middle class in terms of education and occupation, though frequently not income. They described 91 situations of sexual violence, most of which occurred during or before the 1980s and when the average age of the women was under 25. The women's youth and the historical time period (the earliest years of lesbian activism), in combination with significant abuse histories for many women, made it more difficult for them to speak out and seek help. The experiences of these women are remarkably similar to those of women experiencing heterosexual violence. Most of the incidents occurred within the context of committed or romantic relationships or with acquaintances or friends. Nearly half of the incidents occurred in a battering relationship. Women frequently remained silent about their victimization, either because of the assailant's terrorizing or because of their own or their friends' disbelief. Legal assistance was seldom sought and rarely effective. In relating the incidents of sexual violence suffered by these women, Girshick makes clear that violence is not about gender but about power and control. Citing bell hooks' (1984) examination of interlocking systems of oppression and domination, she explores the ways in which heterosexism (and monosexism) and homophobia (also bi- and transphobia) collude to assist the assailant in maintain","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"65 1","pages":"1083"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71092051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：