Journal of Marriage and Family最新文献_第10页

Geographic relocation in response to parents' health shocks: Who moves and how close? 为应对父母的健康冲击而进行的地理搬迁：谁搬家，离得有多近？

IF 6 1区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Journal of Marriage and Family

Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12939

Adriana M. Reyes, Yongxin Shang

Objective

This article examines how parent–child geographic proximity changes around the onset of parental health shocks in the United States. Differences in the likelihood of moving closer across social groups are also investigated.

Background

Adult children often care for older parents with health problems, but this requires relatively close proximity. As families are becoming smaller and many adult children live away from their parents, it is unclear how responsive families will be to older adults' health problems.

Method

We estimate a series of fixed effects and event study models on data from the Health and Retirement Study (2004–2018) to assess changes in parent–child proximity after parents' first onset of cognitive impairment and functional limitations.

Results

We find robust evidence that parents and children tend to stay close or move closer to each other in response to parent's health declines. Moves occur immediately and in subsequent waves after the onset of health shocks. Reductions in parent–child distance are consistently larger among mother-daughter dyads, dyads without spouses or multiple children, and non-Hispanic white families.

Conclusion

The geographic availability of adult children to provide care is responsive to parents' needs. After the onset of a serious health condition, most older adults have a spouse or child living close enough to provide care. Parents' and children's lives are dynamically linked, and either or both may relocate to facilitate care.

这篇文章探讨了在美国父母健康冲击发生前后，亲子地理接近度是如何变化的。研究人员还调查了不同社会群体之间拉近距离可能性的差异。成年子女经常照顾有健康问题的年迈父母，但这需要相对近距离的照顾。随着家庭规模越来越小，许多成年子女与父母分居，目前尚不清楚家庭将如何应对老年人的健康问题。我们对来自健康与退休研究(2004-2018)的数据估计了一系列固定效应和事件研究模型，以评估父母首次出现认知障碍和功能限制后亲子接近度的变化。我们发现有力的证据表明，当父母的健康状况下降时，父母和孩子倾向于保持亲密或更亲密。在卫生冲击发生后立即和随后一波又一波地发生迁移。亲子距离的减少在母女二人组、没有配偶或多子女的二人组和非西班牙裔白人家庭中持续更大。成年子女提供照顾的地理位置符合父母的需要。在出现严重健康状况后，大多数老年人都有配偶或子女住在离他们足够近的地方，可以提供照顾。父母和孩子的生活是动态联系在一起的，其中一方或双方都可能搬迁以促进照顾。

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引用次数: 0

Negotiating good motherhood: Foodwork, emotion work, and downscaling 协商好的母亲身份：吃苦、情感工作和缩小规模

IF 6 1区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Journal of Marriage and Family

Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12934

Priya Fielding-Singh, Marianne Cooper

Objective

This study examined how lower-income mothers engage in emotion work in order to feel like good mothers within broader contexts of stigmatization, economic insecurity, and precarity.

Background

Despite the pervasiveness of the intensive mothering ideology, research shows that lower-income mothers in the United States also routinely diverge from the ideology's norms due to structural and cultural factors. In doing so, these mothers simultaneously work to reframe and negotiate what it means to be a good mother. While scholarship reveals how mothers cognitively and behaviorally carry out this work, less attention has been paid to how mothers perform this work on an emotional level.

Method

Drawing on in-depth interviews with 33 lower-income mothers in the San Francisco Bay Area, this study investigated, through the lens of maternal foodwork, how mothers work on their emotions to feel like good mothers. Data were analyzed abductively.

Results

Mothers worked on their emotions as part of an effort to negotiate what good mothering looks like and to feel like good mothers as they performed maternal foodwork. To do so, mothers engaged in the gendered and classed emotion work strategy of downscaling. Downscaling involved working to inhibit negative emotions and evoke positive ones. Downscaling was facilitated by three key approaches: reflecting on harder times, redefining good foodwork, and leveraging social comparison.

Conclusion

Downscaling serves as a rational, effective emotion work strategy to help mothers navigate ongoing hardships, cultivate a positive maternal identity, and feel like good mothers within contexts of stigmatization, economic insecurity, and precarity.

这项研究调查了低收入母亲如何在污名化、经济不安全和不稳定的大背景下从事情感工作，以感觉自己是好母亲。尽管密集的母亲意识形态无处不在，但研究表明，由于结构和文化因素，美国的低收入母亲也经常偏离意识形态的规范。在这样做的过程中，这些母亲同时努力重新定义和协商什么是一个好母亲。虽然学术研究揭示了母亲是如何在认知和行为上完成这项工作的，但很少有人关注母亲是如何在情感层面上完成这项工作的。通过对旧金山湾区33位低收入母亲的深入访谈，本研究通过母亲食物的视角，调查了母亲如何调节自己的情绪，让自己感觉像个好母亲。数据进行外展分析。母亲们把自己的情绪作为努力的一部分，以协商什么是好母亲的样子，并在做母亲的工作时感觉自己是个好母亲。为了做到这一点，母亲们采取了性别和分类的情绪工作策略。降级包括努力抑制负面情绪，唤起积极情绪。缩减规模是由三个关键方法促成的:反思困难时期，重新定义好的食物，以及利用社会比较。降级是一种理性、有效的情感工作策略，可以帮助母亲们度过持续的困难，培养积极的母亲身份，并在污名化、经济不安全和不稳定的背景下感觉自己是好母亲。

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引用次数: 0

Gray divorce and parent–child disconnectedness: Implications for depressive symptoms 灰色离婚与亲子脱节：抑郁症状的影响

IF 6 1区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Journal of Marriage and Family

Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12936

I-Fen Lin, Susan L. Brown, Kagan A. Mellencamp

Objective

Drawing on the divorce-stress-adjustment framework, the authors assessed whether parent–adult child relationship dynamics, including disconnectedness from an adult child, exacerbates the negative impact of gray divorce on parental well-being.

Background

Divorce after age 50 is increasingly common but the role of parent–child relationships in parents' adjustment to gray divorce is largely unknown.

Method

Using panel data from 1998 to 2018 Health and Retirement Study in the US, the authors estimated growth curve models to track depressive symptoms prior to, during, and after gray divorce among 930 gray divorced individuals. The authors examined whether the lack of any contact with an adult child in the past 12 months (i.e., parent–child disconnectedness) was associated with depressive symptoms trajectories surrounding divorce and subsequent repartnering.

Results

Having no contact with at least one adult child aggravated the negative effect of divorce on parent's mental health. This association was robust for mothers and fathers. Having no contact with at least one child, however, did not diminish the temporarily positive effect of subsequent repartnering on mental health.

Conclusion

The study contributes to the literature by showing that parent–child disconnectedness adds another blow to parents who are convalescing from divorce.

根据离婚压力调整框架，作者评估了父母-成年子女关系的动态，包括与成年子女的脱节，是否会加剧灰色离婚对父母幸福的负面影响。50岁后离婚越来越普遍，但父母-子女关系在父母适应灰色离婚中的作用在很大程度上是未知的。利用1998年至2018年美国健康与退休研究的面板数据，作者估计了930名灰色离婚者在灰色离婚前、期间和之后的抑郁症状的生长曲线模型。作者调查了在过去12年中是否没有与成年儿童接触几个月（即父母与孩子的脱节）与离婚前后的抑郁症状轨迹和随后的重新恋爱有关。与至少一个成年子女没有接触会加剧离婚对父母心理健康的负面影响。这种联系对母亲和父亲来说是强有力的。然而，与至少一个孩子没有接触并没有减少随后的重新训练对心理健康的暂时积极影响。这项研究为文献做出了贡献，表明父母与孩子的脱节给离婚后正在康复的父母带来了另一个打击。

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引用次数: 0

Parents' socioeconomic status and support to adult children across the life course 父母的社会经济地位和对成年子女一生的支持

IF 6 1区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Journal of Marriage and Family

Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12928

Matthijs Kalmijn

Objective

This paper examines how parents' socioeconomic status (SES) affects the support parents give to children and how parents' SES moderates changes in support across children's life courses.

Background

Many studies have documented effects of parents' SES on support to adult children, as well as effects of children's life course stages on received support, but few studies have examined how these two factors interact. A dynamic perspective on the social stratification of support can provide new clues about how parents transmit advantages across generations.

Method

Using prospective panel data on 10,822 parent–child dyads in the Netherlands from 2003 to 2015 and random and fixed effects models, this paper examines life course changes in the financial, practical, and informational support adult children (aged 18–59) receive from parents.

Results

Positive effects of parents' SES were found on informational and financial support, but there were no main effects on practical support. Informational support declined with age but later in higher-SES families. Support declined after union formation and similarly for higher- and lower-SES families. The increase in practical support when children became parents and single parents was stronger in higher-SES families than in lower-SES families. Stratification of financial support was stronger in early adulthood and increased again later in children's lives.

Conclusion

There was evidence for a prolonged support pattern among higher-SES families, combined with stronger effects of children's parenthood transitions in such families. Parents' SES affects support streams to adult children, but effects depend on the type of support and children's stage in the life course.

本文研究了父母的社会经济地位(SES)如何影响父母对孩子的支持，以及父母的社会经济地位如何调节孩子一生中支持的变化。许多研究都记录了父母的社会经济地位对成年子女支持的影响，以及儿童生命历程阶段对获得支持的影响，但很少有研究调查这两个因素是如何相互作用的。对支持的社会分层的动态视角可以为父母如何将优势传递给后代提供新的线索。本文利用2003年至2015年荷兰10822对亲子双元组的前瞻性面板数据和随机和固定效应模型，研究了成年子女(18-59岁)从父母那里获得的经济、实践和信息支持的生命历程变化。父母的社会经济地位对信息支持和经济支持有积极影响，但对实际支持没有主要影响。信息支持随着年龄的增长而下降，但在高经济地位家庭中下降更晚。工会成立后，支持率下降，高经济地位家庭和低经济地位家庭的支持率也同样下降。在高经济地位家庭中，当孩子成为父母和单亲父母时，实际支持的增加比在低经济地位家庭中更强烈。经济支持的分层在成年早期更强，在儿童生活后期再次增强。有证据表明，在较高的社会地位家庭中，支持模式持续时间更长，并且在这些家庭中，儿童父母身份转变的影响更大。父母的社会经济地位影响对成年子女的支持流，但影响取决于支持的类型和儿童在生命历程中的阶段。

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引用次数: 0

The male marital earnings premium contextualized: Longitudinal evidence from the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom 男性婚姻收入溢价的背景：来自美国、德国和英国的纵向证据

IF 6 1区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Journal of Marriage and Family

Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12937

Manuel Schechtl, Nicole Kapelle

Objective

To examine the effect of marriage entry on annual net rather than gross earnings across different institutional settings.

Background

Previous research focused on men's gross wage marital premium to explore whether selection or specialization explains premiums. However, gross wages do not reflect disposable resources because taxes still have to be deducted. As the tax treatment varies across countries and by marital status, it is also relevant to consider such aspects.

Method

We use panel data from the United States (PSID), Germany (SOEP), and the United Kingdom (UKHLS) to examine annual male net earnings changes over marriage entry using fixed effect models with individual slopes. The models enable us to assess marriage-related net earnings while adjusting for heterogeneous age slopes before marriage in addition to any time-constant heterogeneity. Our sample contains 3244 US men, 4581 German men, and 7140 British men.

Results

Our results reveal a male marital net earnings premium only in Germany—a country with sizeable institutional marriage privileges. We go on to show heterogeneity in marriage effects by cohort, partner's education, and children. Results highlight that men from earlier cohorts and those married to partners with low education tend to benefit more.

Conclusion

Results add novel insights to our understanding of marital premiums and highlight the relevance of tax policy contexts as an institutional driver underlying marital premiums.

目的研究不同制度环境下结婚对年净收入而非总收入的影响。背景以往的研究主要关注男性的工资总额婚姻溢价，以探讨是选择还是专业化解释了溢价。然而，工资总额并不能反映可支配资源，因为仍需扣税。由于税收待遇因国家和婚姻状况而异，考虑这些方面也很有意义。方法我们使用来自美国（PSID）、德国（SOEP）和英国（UKHLS）的面板数据，利用具有个体斜率的固定效应模型来研究男性在结婚后的年度净收入变化。这些模型使我们能够评估与婚姻相关的净收入，同时对婚前的异质性年龄斜率以及任何时间不变的异质性进行调整。我们的样本包括 3244 名美国男性、4581 名德国男性和 7140 名英国男性。结果我们的结果显示，只有德国--一个拥有相当大的制度性婚姻特权的国家--的男性婚姻净收入溢价。我们还显示了不同组群、伴侣教育程度和子女对婚姻影响的异质性。结果表明，来自较早组群的男性和与教育程度较低的伴侣结婚的人往往受益更多。结论研究结果为我们理解婚姻溢价提供了新的视角，并强调了税收政策背景作为婚姻溢价背后的制度驱动因素的相关性。

{"title":"The male marital earnings premium contextualized: Longitudinal evidence from the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom","authors":"Manuel Schechtl, Nicole Kapelle","doi":"10.1111/jomf.12937","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jomf.12937","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine the effect of marriage entry on annual <i>net</i> rather than <i>gross</i> earnings across different institutional settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous research focused on men's gross wage marital premium to explore whether selection or specialization explains premiums. However, gross wages do not reflect disposable resources because taxes still have to be deducted. As the tax treatment varies across countries and by marital status, it is also relevant to consider such aspects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We use panel data from the United States (PSID), Germany (SOEP), and the United Kingdom (UKHLS) to examine annual male net earnings changes over marriage entry using fixed effect models with individual slopes. The models enable us to assess marriage-related net earnings while adjusting for heterogeneous age slopes before marriage in addition to any time-constant heterogeneity. Our sample contains 3244 US men, 4581 German men, and 7140 British men.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results reveal a male marital net earnings premium only in Germany—a country with sizeable institutional marriage privileges. We go on to show heterogeneity in marriage effects by cohort, partner's education, and children. Results highlight that men from earlier cohorts and those married to partners with low education tend to benefit more.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results add novel insights to our understanding of marital premiums and highlight the relevance of tax policy contexts as an institutional driver underlying marital premiums.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"86 1","pages":"176-198"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jomf.12937","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63973363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Associations between parental precarious work schedules and child behavior problems among low-income families 低收入家庭中父母不稳定的工作时间表与儿童行为问题之间的关系

IF 6 1区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Journal of Marriage and Family

Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12933

Anna K. Walther, Alejandra Ros Pilarz

Objective

This study examined associations between parental precarious work schedules and child behavior problems among a sample of families with low incomes receiving child-care subsidies and tested three hypothesized mediators of these associations: work–family conflict, economic insecurity, and child-care instability.

Background

As “just-in-time,” or on-call, scheduling practices become more prevalent among low-paid workers, working parents must balance family demands with precarious work schedules characterized by instability, unpredictability, and lack of control. Precarious work schedules may threaten child well-being by increasing parents' work–family conflict and stress, economic insecurity, and child-care instability. Yet, few studies have been able to empirically test these relationships.

Method

This study uses data from a survey of child-care subsidy recipients to test the associations between five dimensions of parental precarious work schedules—variable work hours and shifts, limited advance notice, unexpected schedule changes, and lack of schedule control—and child externalizing behavior problems via work–care conflict, economic insecurity, and child-care instability. Analyses use Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression and decomposition methods and control for a host of child, parental, and household characteristics.

Results

Variable shifts were indirectly associated with more parent-reported child behavior problems via work–care conflict, whereas unexpected schedule changes were indirectly associated with more behavior problems via both work–care conflict and material hardship.

Conclusion

These findings add to a growing evidence-base on the incongruence between precarious employer-driven scheduling practices and the needs of families with young children.

这项研究在接受儿童保育补贴的低收入家庭样本中调查了父母不稳定的工作时间表与儿童行为问题之间的关联，并测试了这些关联的三个假设中介：工作-家庭冲突、经济不安全和儿童保育不稳定。随着“准时制”或随叫随到制在低薪工人中越来越普遍，在职父母必须平衡家庭需求和不稳定的工作时间表，这些工作时间表的特点是不稳定、不可预测和缺乏控制。不稳定的工作时间表可能会增加父母的工作-家庭冲突和压力、经济不安全感和儿童保育不稳定，从而威胁到儿童的幸福。然而，很少有研究能够实证检验这些关系。这项研究使用了一项针对儿童保育补贴接受者的调查数据，测试了父母不稳定的工作时间表的五个维度——可变的工作时间和轮班、有限的提前通知、意外的时间表变化和缺乏时间表控制——与通过工作-保育冲突、经济不安全和儿童保育不稳定导致的儿童外化行为问题之间的关联。分析使用普通最小二乘（OLS）回归和分解方法，并对大量儿童、父母和家庭特征进行控制。可变的转变通过工作-照顾冲突与更多父母报告的儿童行为问题间接相关，而意外的时间表变化通过工作-护理冲突和物质困难与更多的行为问题间接关联。这些发现增加了越来越多的证据，证明雇主驱动的不稳定日程安排做法与有幼儿家庭的需求之间存在不一致。

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引用次数: 0

Stability and change in predictors of marital dissolution in the US 1950–2017 1950-2017年美国婚姻破裂预测因素的稳定性和变化

IF 6 1区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Journal of Marriage and Family

Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12932

Michael J. Rosenfeld, Katharina Roesler

Objective

Our goal is to measure change over time in the predictors of marital dissolution in the United States.

Background

The last comprehensive comparative analysis of predictors of marital dissolution is more than 20 years out of date. Rising inequality in the United States requires a fresh look at the predictors of marital dissolution. The Diverging Destinies hypothesis predicts greater inequality over time in the divorce rate between groups, whereas the Converging Destinies hypothesis predicts convergence in divorce rates.

Method

We use a variety of event history models to examine the change over time in race, ethnicity, intermarriage, premarital cohabitation, education, teen marriages, and family of origin intactness as predictors of marital dissolution using data on first marriages from the National Survey of Family Growth covering seven decades of marital histories. We examine racial differences in the nonracial predictors of divorce.

Results

In the post-Civil Rights era, Black women's and White women's marital dissolution rates converged. In the most recent marriage cohorts, marital dissolution rates for Black women have increased relative to White women and teen marriage is increasingly associated with divorce. Women without the BA degree appear to be increasingly at risk for divorce. We find that wives from racial minority groups have divorce rates that are less impacted by premarital cohabitation, low education, and teen marriage.

Conclusion

The demographic profile of women at marriage has changed dramatically, while the predictors of divorce have changed modestly. Where there are changes in the predictors of divorce, we find more support for Diverging Destinies.

我们的目标是测量美国婚姻破裂预测因素随时间的变化。最近一次对婚姻破裂预测因子的综合比较分析超过20 已经过时多年了。美国日益加剧的不平等需要重新审视婚姻破裂的预测因素。命运分歧假说预测，随着时间的推移，群体之间的离婚率会出现更大的不平等，而命运趋同假说预测离婚率会趋同。我们使用各种事件历史模型来检验种族、民族、异族通婚、婚前同居、教育、青少年婚姻和原籍家庭完整性随时间的变化，作为婚姻破裂的预测因素，使用来自全国家庭成长调查的涵盖70年婚姻史的初婚数据。我们研究了离婚的非种族预测因素中的种族差异。在后民权时代，黑人女性和白人女性的婚姻破裂率趋于一致。在最近的婚姻队列中，黑人女性的婚姻破裂率相对于白人女性有所上升，青少年婚姻与离婚的关系越来越密切。没有学士学位的女性离婚的风险似乎越来越大。我们发现，少数种族群体的妻子离婚率受婚前同居、低教育程度和青少年婚姻的影响较小。婚姻中女性的人口结构发生了巨大变化，而离婚的预测因素发生了适度变化。在离婚预测因素发生变化的地方，我们发现更多的人支持《命运的分歧》。

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引用次数: 0

Dopamine 2 agonists for the management of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 多巴胺2激动剂治疗2型糖尿病:系统回顾和荟萃分析

1区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Journal of Marriage and Family

Pub Date : 2023-05-12 eCollection Date: 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01230-4

Beyene Dereje, Aschalew Nardos

Background: The Dopamine-2 receptor agonists, Bromocriptine and Cabergoline, were originally introduced for prolactinomas, pituitary tumors, and parkinson's disease but have glucose-lowering effects. This paper systematically reviewed the significance of their effects on lowering blood glucose level and conducted a comprehensive systematic search to identify relevant clinical trials of dopamine 2 agonists on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood sugar (FBS).

Method: We conducted a systematic review search in the databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Registers, and Citations) until November 30, 2022, using the PRISMA 2020 statement. The Oxford quality score (Jadad score) was used to assess the study's quality. The present study protocol was registered on the PROSPERO database with ID: CRD42023389582. The study included studies with full abstracts, predefined doses, clear interventions, and blood glucose measurements.

Result: Data were synthesized from 23 clinical studies that recruited 6125 study subjects. The pooled effect analysis of the clinical trials revealed that dopamine 2 agonists improved HbA1c [SMD = -1.26; 95% CI (-1.60, -0.93), P < .00001], and FBS [SMD = -1.84; 95% CI (-2.61, -1.07), P < .00001]. Each drug's pooled effect analysis indicates bromocriptine significantly improved HbA1c [SMD = -1.25; 95% CI (-1.64, -0.87), P < .00001] and FBS [SMD = -1.90; 95% CI (-2.79, -1.01), P < .00001] and similarly, cabergoline significantly improved HbA1c [SMD = -1.29; 95% CI (-1.96, -0.62), P < .00001] and FBS [SMD = -1.62; 95% CI (-2.82, -0.41), P < .00001]. The pooled and individual analyses demonstrated that dopamine 2 agonists have a significant ability to lower blood glucose levels in clinical studies.

Conclusion: This study shows that dopamine 2 agonists significantly lowered FBS and HbA1c levels without causing severe negative effects. Even though the results are promising, additional research is necessary to establish the appropriate antihyperglycemic dosage, frequency of daily use, side effects, and potential product interactions when employing dopamine 2 receptor agonists for their antihyperglycemic effect.

背景:多巴胺-2受体激动剂溴隐亭和卡麦角林最初用于治疗催乳素瘤、垂体瘤和帕金森病，但具有降血糖作用。本文系统综述了多巴胺2激动剂降血糖作用的意义，并对多巴胺2激动剂对糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)和空腹血糖(FBS)的相关临床试验进行了全面系统的检索。方法:我们使用PRISMA 2020声明，在截至2022年11月30日的数据库(PubMed、谷歌Scholar、Cochrane Library、Registers和citation)中进行了系统的综述检索。使用牛津质量评分(Jadad评分)来评估研究的质量。本研究方案已在PROSPERO数据库中注册，ID: CRD42023389582。该研究包括具有完整摘要、预定义剂量、明确干预措施和血糖测量的研究。结果:数据来自23项临床研究，共纳入6125名研究对象。临床试验的综合效应分析显示，多巴胺2激动剂可改善HbA1c [SMD = -1.26;结论:本研究显示多巴胺2激动剂可显著降低FBS和HbA1c水平，且未引起严重的不良反应。尽管结果很有希望，但还需要进一步的研究来确定适当的降糖剂量、每日使用频率、副作用以及使用多巴胺2受体激动剂降糖效果时潜在的产品相互作用。

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引用次数: 0

Functional Connectivity Alterations of Within and Between Networks in Schizophrenia: A Retrospective Study. 精神分裂症患者网络内部和网络之间的功能连接性改变：一项回顾性研究

1区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Journal of Marriage and Family

Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2022.3928.2

Farzaneh Keyvanfard, Anna-Katharina Schmid, Abbas Nasiraei-Moghaddam

<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Schizophrenia (SZ) is a chronic brain disorder characterized by diverse cognitive dysfunctions due to abnormal brain connectivity. Evaluating these connectivity alterations between and within such networks (intra- and inter-connectivity) may improve the understanding of disrupted information processing patterns in SZ patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Resting-state fMRI analysis was performed on 24 SZ patients and 27 matched healthy controls. A functional connectivity matrix was constructed for each participant based on 129 gray matter regions. All regions were classified into eight distinct functional networks. Afterward, all functional connections were segregated into inter- and intra-network connections considering the eight networks. The Mean values of connectivity weights and nodal strength were examined for within- and between-network connections in SZ patients and healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This analysis revealed that the within-network connections in the somatomotor (SM) network significantly reduced (P<0.001) in SZ patients. Additionally, intra-network connections within the visual and the ventral attention (VA) networks were significantly lower (P<0.01) in the SZ group. Moreover, disrupted intra-network connectivity was detected between the following network pairs: The visual-limbic, the somatomotor-limbic, the dorsal attention-limbic, and the ventral attention-dorsal attention system.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results showed an extensive reduction in functional connectivity strength for SZ patients, with a particularly significant decrease in intra-network connections when compared to the inter-networks. These findings can impact the understanding of the important dysregulated connections that are implicated in the incidence of schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>Intra-network connections are more altered in schizophrenia (SZ) compared to inter-network.The visual, somatomotor (SM), and ventral attention (VA) networks are more affected in SZ.The interactions between the limbic system and three resting-state networks (RSNs) are altered significantly.The nodal strengths in different regions of RSNs are reduced significantly in SZ.</p><p><strong>Plain language summary: </strong>Brain functional connectivity is altered in several brain disorders. Looking for these changes may help in better understanding the disorder effects, its diagnostic and treatment. Our brain can be organized into distinct functional modules, known as resting-state networks (RSNs). These RSNs include visual, somatomotor (SM), fronto-parietal, dorsal attention, ventral attention, default mode (DMN), and limbic functional systems. In this study, we examined the alteration of functional connectivity in schizophrenia disorder considering these brain RSNs. The functional connections were classified in two groups, the inter- and intra-network connections. Inter-network connections are

导言：精神分裂症（SZ）是一种慢性脑部疾病，其特征是由于大脑连接异常而导致的各种认知功能障碍。评估这些网络之间和网络内部的连接性改变（内部连接性和相互连接性），可加深对精神分裂症患者信息处理模式紊乱的理解：对24名SZ患者和27名匹配的健康对照者进行了静息态fMRI分析。根据 129 个灰质区域为每位受试者构建了功能连接矩阵。所有区域被分为八个不同的功能网络。然后，根据这八个网络将所有功能连接分为网络间连接和网络内连接。结果显示，SZ 患者和健康对照组的网络内和网络间连接权重和节点强度的平均值：结果：分析表明，躯体运动（SM）网络的网络内连接显著减少（PC结论：结果显示，SZ患者的功能性网络内连接和网络间连接广泛减少：结果显示，SZ 患者的功能连接强度广泛降低，与网络间相比，网络内连接的降低尤为明显。这些发现有助于人们了解精神分裂症发病与重要的失调连接有关：网络内连接与网络间连接相比，在精神分裂症（SZ）中发生的改变更大。视觉网络、躯体运动网络（SM）和腹侧注意网络（VA）在精神分裂症中受到的影响更大。寻找这些变化有助于更好地了解疾病的影响、诊断和治疗。我们的大脑可以组织成不同的功能模块，即所谓的静息态网络（RSN）。这些RSN包括视觉、躯体运动（SM）、前顶叶、背侧注意、腹侧注意、默认模式（DMN）和边缘功能系统。在这项研究中，我们考察了精神分裂症患者这些大脑 RSN 功能连接的改变。功能连接分为两组，即网络间连接和网络内连接。网络间连接是指来自两个不同大脑子网络的成对区域之间的连接，而网络内连接则是指每个网络内部成对区域之间的连接。我们的分析表明，精神分裂症患者网络内连接的功能连接强度降低较多。我们还发现，与其他网络间连接相比，边缘网络与其他网络间连接的破坏程度更高。这些发现有助于我们更好地理解精神分裂症对大脑的影响，从而更好地治疗精神分裂症。

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引用次数: 1

The changing face of intimate premarital relationships in Taiwan 台湾婚前亲密关系的变迁

IF 6 1区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Journal of Marriage and Family

Pub Date : 2023-03-14 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12915

Y. Cheng

引用次数: 1