Journal of Marriage and Family最新文献_第7页

Growing together, knowing together: Dynamics of interracial parenting of mixed-race children 共同成长，共同了解：混血儿的跨种族教育动态

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Journal of Marriage and Family

Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.13084

Marguerite Lengyell, Nic M. Weststrate

Objective

The purpose of this study was to understand how interracial couples collaboratively describe and make meaning of co-parenting their mixed-race children.

Background

Parenting for interracial couples has become more complex as matters related to race have been pushed to the forefront of public discourse. Existing research often focuses on individual parents' retrospective accounts of co-parenting mixed-race children, with findings that vary depending on the parent's racial identity and gender. Notably these studies have predominately centered on the experiences of mothers, leaving a gap in understanding the perspectives of fathers and the dynamics between both parents in co-parenting relationships.

Method

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six interracial couples in Toronto, Canada, about co-parenting school-aged (6–12 years) mixed-race children. The couples, aged 38–49, were in long-term relationships (15+ years), married or in common-law unions, and identified as middle class. Data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Results

Results showed that meanings ascribed to co-parenting experiences varied across three relationship phases: courtship and early stages of the interracial relationship; becoming parents and early parenting experiences; and co-parenting school-aged mixed-race children. Interactions revealed that navigating the journey of co-parenting mixed-race children involved an intricate process of mutual growth for couples. Each stage of the relationship catalyzed deeper understandings and fostered resilient familial bonds.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the unique dynamics of interracial co-parenting, underscoring the pivotal role of shared learning in shaping familial dynamics ultimately contributing to more inclusive narratives around family and parenting in diverse societies.

目的本研究的目的是了解跨种族夫妇如何共同描述和理解他们共同抚养混血儿的意义。随着与种族有关的问题被推到了公共话语的前沿，跨种族夫妇的育儿变得更加复杂。现有的研究往往侧重于个别父母对共同抚养混血孩子的回顾性描述，其结果因父母的种族身份和性别而异。值得注意的是，这些研究主要集中在母亲的经历上，在理解父亲的观点和共同抚养关系中父母双方之间的动态方面留下了空白。方法对加拿大多伦多6对跨种族夫妇进行半结构化访谈，探讨共同抚养学龄（6-12岁）混血儿童的情况。这些夫妇年龄在38-49岁之间，处于长期恋爱关系（15年以上），已婚或同居，并被认定为中产阶级。数据分析采用解释性现象学分析。结果结果表明，共同抚养经历的意义在三个关系阶段有所不同：求婚期和跨种族关系的早期阶段；为人父母和早期育儿经历；共同抚养学龄混血儿。互动表明，共同抚养混血孩子的过程涉及到夫妻共同成长的复杂过程。这段关系的每一个阶段都促进了更深层次的理解，培养了坚韧的家庭纽带。这些发现突出了跨种族共同养育子女的独特动力，强调了共享学习在塑造家庭动力方面的关键作用，最终有助于在不同社会中围绕家庭和养育子女的更具包容性的叙述。

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引用次数: 0

Cognitive housework and Parents' relationship satisfaction 认知家务劳动与父母关系满意度

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Journal of Marriage and Family

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.13082

Richard J. Petts, Daniel L. Carlson, Jaclyn S. Wong

Objective

This study examines the association between the division of cognitive housework and parents' relationship satisfaction.

Background

Equity theory suggests that factors which either objectively (i.e., equal sharing) or subjectively (i.e., feeling appreciated) enhance partners' feelings of mutual benefit lead to greater relationship satisfaction. From an equity perspective, cognitive labor may be especially consequential for relationship satisfaction not only because it is boundless, burdensome work but also because it is invisible and often unappreciated. Drawing on equity theory, we argue that relationship satisfaction is highest when cognitive labor is equally shared.

Method

We use cross-sectional data on different-gender partnered US parents from Wave 5 of the Study on US Parents' Divisions of Labor During COVID-19 (SPDLC) and OLS regression to estimate associations between the division of cognitive housework and relationship satisfaction separately for mothers and fathers.

Results

Equal divisions of cognitive housework are associated with the highest levels of relationship satisfaction for both mothers and fathers. This association is consistent across various measures and dimensions of cognitive housework, with few exceptions.

Conclusion

Relationship satisfaction is highest when partners equally share cognitive housework, as sharing this labor may reduce burdens on one parent as well as increase the visibility and value of this often hidden form of domestic labor.

目的探讨认知家务分工与父母关系满意度的关系。公平理论认为，客观上（即平等分享）或主观上（即感到被欣赏）增强伴侣互惠感的因素会导致更高的关系满意度。从公平的角度来看，认知劳动可能对关系满意度特别重要，不仅因为它是无限的，繁重的工作，而且因为它是无形的，经常不受重视。根据公平理论，我们认为当认知劳动被平等分享时，关系满意度最高。方法采用“新冠肺炎期间美国父母分工研究”（SPDLC）第5期美国不同性别伴侣父母的横断面数据和OLS回归，分别估计母亲和父亲的认知家务分工与关系满意度之间的关联。结果：父母对家务劳动的认知程度相同，对夫妻关系的满意度最高。这种关联在认知家务的各种测量和维度上是一致的，几乎没有例外。结论：当夫妻双方平等分担认知家务时，关系满意度最高，因为分担家务劳动可以减轻一方的负担，并增加这种往往隐藏的家务劳动的可见性和价值。

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引用次数: 0

Parent–teen dyadic experiences of racism: Implications for Black familial racial socialization 种族主义的父母-青少年二元经验：对黑人家庭种族社会化的启示

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Journal of Marriage and Family

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.13060

Shawn C. T. Jones, Sharde McNeil Smith, Naya Sutton, Lesley Blair Winchester, Broquelynn Shepard

Objective

Using a linked lives perspective, the current study sought to understand how patterns of racism experiences within Black parent–teen dyads affected the frequency and competency of racial socialization transmission.

Background

Racism in America has been pervasive, impacting Black families from cradle to grave. Acts of anti-Black racism influence the ways in which parents communicate about race to their children (i.e., racial socialization); however, research has not explored whether the linkages of racism experiences between parent and child are also influential for this process.

Method

Data were collected from Black parent–child dyads (N = 201) through Qualtrics Panel Management. Parents and youth each completed surveys about racial/ethnic identity, race-related stress, and racial socialization practices. A three-step latent profile analysis was conducted using MPlus software.

Results

Four distinguishable dyadic racism subgroups were identified: Low Parent–Teen Racism, Moderate Parent–Teen Racism, Moderate–High Parent, Low Teen Racism, and High Parent–Teen Racism. More racial socialization messages were transmitted in dyads with parents and teens reporting moderate to high levels of racism compared to dyads where teens reported low levels of racism. There were variations in parents' competency in delivering racial socialization messages across the four subgroups.

Conclusion

The consequences of racism may be underestimated by focusing on individual experiences and not accounting for the linked lives of Black parents and their adolescents.

目的运用关联生活的视角，探讨黑人父母与青少年之间的种族主义经历模式对种族社会化传播频率和能力的影响。种族主义在美国一直很普遍，影响着黑人家庭从摇篮到坟墓。反黑人种族主义行为影响父母向子女传达种族问题的方式（即种族社会化）；然而，研究尚未探讨父母和孩子之间的种族主义经历的联系是否也对这一过程产生影响。方法采用质量面板管理方法收集黑人亲子二联体（N = 201）的数据。父母和青少年分别完成了关于种族/民族身份、种族相关压力和种族社会化实践的调查。采用MPlus软件进行三步隐型分析。结果发现了四个可区分的二元种族亚群：低亲子种族、中等亲子种族、中等亲子种族、低亲子种族和高亲子种族。与报告种族主义程度较低的父母和青少年的组合相比，报告种族主义程度中高的父母和青少年的组合传递了更多的种族社会化信息。在四个小组中，父母传递种族社会化信息的能力存在差异。种族主义的后果可能被低估了，因为它只关注个人经历，而没有考虑到黑人父母和他们的青少年之间的联系。

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引用次数: 0

The stickiness of unequal housework sharing: Limited effects of couples' ideological pairings 不平等家务分担的粘性：夫妻意识形态配对的有限影响

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Journal of Marriage and Family

Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.13075

Natalie Nitsche, Daniela Grunow, Ansgar Hudde

Objective

The study aimed to investigate how couples' ideological pairings, defined as partners' joint attitudes toward gendered housework responsibilities, influence their division of housework.

Background

Drawing from gender structure theory and integrating sociological concepts of doing and undoing gender with economic resource theories, this study tested an interactional couple-level mechanism to predict changes in housework sharing. It was hypothesized that partners' ideological pairings would predict variation in housework sharing and moderate the relationship between changes in partners' relative economic resources and housework sharing.

Method

The sample of 3045 couples (followed for 11,674 couple years) was derived from the German Panel Study of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics. Growth curve models and fixed-effects panel regression were used to estimate housework-sharing trajectories based on couples' ideological pairings and to assess whether these pairings moderated the impact of changes in partners' relative earnings on housework sharing.

Results

Couples with joint egalitarian attitudes shared housework most equally, whereas those with joint traditional attitudes shared it most unequally. Couples with mismatched attitudes fell in between. Only joint egalitarian couples adjusted their housework sharing following significant changes in the partners' relative earnings, although the effect sizes were small.

Conclusions

Ideological pairings are instrumental in understanding the gendered division of housework and moderate how couples adjust to relative earnings changes. However, gender inequality in housework sharing remains relatively persistent within current gender structures.

目的本研究旨在探讨夫妻的意识形态配对（即夫妻双方对性别家务责任的共同态度）如何影响他们的家务分工。本研究以性别结构理论为基础，将社会学的做与不做性别概念与经济资源理论相结合，检验了一种预测家务分担变化的夫妻互动机制。假设伴侣的意识形态配对可以预测家务分担的变化，并调节伴侣相对经济资源的变化与家务分担的关系。方法3045对夫妇（11674对夫妇）的样本来源于德国亲密关系和家庭动力学小组研究。我们使用增长曲线模型和固定效应面板回归来估计基于夫妻意识形态配对的家务分担轨迹，并评估这些配对是否调节了伴侣相对收入变化对家务分担的影响。结果持共同平等主义态度的夫妻在分担家务方面最平等，而持共同传统态度的夫妻在分担家务方面最不平等。态度不一致的夫妇则介于两者之间。只有共同主张平等的夫妻才会根据双方相对收入的显著变化来调整家务分担，尽管影响规模很小。结论意识形态配对有助于理解家务劳动的性别分工，调节夫妻如何适应相对收入的变化。然而，在目前的性别结构中，分担家务方面的性别不平等仍然相对持久。

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引用次数: 0

Partners' health and silver splits in Europe: A gendered pattern? 欧洲伴侣的健康和银发比例：性别模式？

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Journal of Marriage and Family

Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.13077

Daniele Vignoli, Giammarco Alderotti, Cecilia Tomassini

Objective

Building on the Theory of Dyadic Illness Management, this paper addresses the correlates of silver splits—voluntary union dissolutions after age 50—among mixed-gender couples in Europe focusing on the role of partners' health status.

Background

Family diversity at older ages is growing in wealthy countries, with late union dissolutions increasingly occurring through separation and divorce rather than widowhood. Nonetheless, the correlates of silver splits in Europe, particularly regarding health within couples, remain underexplored.

Method

We utilized data from the European Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement (SHARE), spanning Waves 1 (2004–2005) to 9 (2021–2022), and employed discrete-time event-history analysis to model the risk of silver splits, separately among couples aged 50–64 and 65+ (N = 31,915 and 48,361 couple-years, respectively). We inspected three health dimensions: self-rated health, Global Activity Limitations Index, depression.

Results

We found a non-negligible and gendered association between health and union dissolution among couples aged 50–64. Couples in which the woman reported poor self-rated health or faced severe activity limitations, whereas the man maintained good health, exhibited a higher risk of silver splits compared to couples in good health. Conversely, the risk of silver splits did not change significantly when the man experienced poor self-rated health or activity limitations compared to couples in good health. Results among older couples suggested that the health/silver split link weakens with age.

Conclusion

Gendered health-related selection effects appear among older European couples, as men struggle more than women with a partner's declining health, potentially jeopardizing the couple's stability.

目的在二元疾病管理理论的基础上，研究欧洲混合性别夫妇中50岁后自愿离婚的相关因素，重点研究伴侣健康状况的作用。在富裕国家，老年人的家庭多样性正在增加，越来越多的人通过分居和离婚而不是守寡来解除婚姻关系。尽管如此，在欧洲，白银分割的相关性，特别是夫妻之间的健康，仍然没有得到充分的研究。方法：我们利用欧洲健康、老龄化和退休调查（SHARE）的数据，跨越第1波（2004-2005年）至第9波（2021-2022年），并采用离散时间事件历史分析分别对50-64岁和65岁以上的夫妇（N = 31,915和48,361对夫妇）进行银分手风险建模。我们检查了三个健康维度：自评健康、全球活动限制指数、抑郁。结果在50-64岁的夫妻中，健康状况与婚姻破裂之间存在不可忽视的性别关联。与健康状况良好的夫妇相比，女性自我评估健康状况不佳或面临严重的活动限制，而男性保持良好健康的夫妇表现出更高的银色分裂风险。相反，与健康状况良好的夫妇相比，当男性自我评价健康状况不佳或活动受限时，银色离婚的风险并没有显著变化。老年夫妇的研究结果表明，随着年龄的增长，健康/白银分割的联系减弱了。结论：与健康相关的性别选择效应在欧洲老年夫妇中出现，因为男性比女性更难以应对伴侣健康状况的下降，这可能会危及夫妻关系的稳定。

{"title":"Partners' health and silver splits in Europe: A gendered pattern?","authors":"Daniele Vignoli, Giammarco Alderotti, Cecilia Tomassini","doi":"10.1111/jomf.13077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.13077","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Building on the Theory of Dyadic Illness Management, this paper addresses the correlates of silver splits—voluntary union dissolutions after age 50—among mixed-gender couples in Europe focusing on the role of partners' health status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Family diversity at older ages is growing in wealthy countries, with late union dissolutions increasingly occurring through separation and divorce rather than widowhood. Nonetheless, the correlates of silver splits in Europe, particularly regarding health within couples, remain underexplored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We utilized data from the European Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement (SHARE), spanning Waves 1 (2004–2005) to 9 (2021–2022), and employed discrete-time event-history analysis to model the risk of silver splits, separately among couples aged 50–64 and 65+ (<i>N</i> = 31,915 and 48,361 couple-years, respectively). We inspected three health dimensions: self-rated health, Global Activity Limitations Index, depression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found a non-negligible and gendered association between health and union dissolution among couples aged 50–64. Couples in which the woman reported poor self-rated health or faced severe activity limitations, whereas the man maintained good health, exhibited a higher risk of silver splits compared to couples in good health. Conversely, the risk of silver splits did not change significantly when the man experienced poor self-rated health or activity limitations compared to couples in good health. Results among older couples suggested that the health/silver split link weakens with age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gendered health-related selection effects appear among older European couples, as men struggle more than women with a partner's declining health, potentially jeopardizing the couple's stability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"87 4","pages":"1639-1663"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jomf.13077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Women who initiate divorce embrace autonomy 提出离婚的女性拥有自主权

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Journal of Marriage and Family

Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.13080

Ephrat Almog, Anat Herbst-Debby

Objective

This study investigates the coping mechanisms and resilience of women who initiate divorce, with a focus on their development of autonomy post-divorce.

Background

Life after divorce is viewed as a transition period with new opportunities. This is particularly pertinent in Israel, a familistic, traditional society where family and marriage are centrally controlled by religious institutions.

Method

A qualitative methodology involved semi-structured in-depth interviews with 38 Israeli-Jewish mothers (ages 25–70) who initiated divorce. Data analysis included identifying central motifs, creating a category tree, and using the Narrlarizer software to organize data.

Results

Women described their challenging roles re-independence and control within their families, with their narratives highlighting their shift towards becoming family leaders and perceiving themselves as experiencing greater autonomy.

Conclusion

Women who initiate divorce act against societal norms, breaking through marital barriers to gain autonomy and control over their lives. This aligns with authentic behavior, emphasizing their strength and the reclamation of personal agency.

Implications

Our research provides a nuanced perspective on women initiating divorce, recognizing their liberation from patriarchal norms and gains despite diverse struggles. It underscores opportunities for reshaping women's societal roles and self-identity, presenting divorce initiation as an act of autonomy and resistance to gender oppression, and enriching discussions on women's experiences.

目的探讨离婚妇女的应对机制和心理韧性，探讨离婚后自主能力的发展。离婚后的生活被视为一个充满新机遇的过渡期。这在以色列尤其重要，因为以色列是一个家庭主义的传统社会，家庭和婚姻由宗教机构集中控制。方法采用半结构化的深度访谈方法，对38位提出离婚的以色列裔犹太母亲（25-70岁）进行了定性研究。数据分析包括识别中心主题，创建类别树，并使用Narrlarizer软件组织数据。结果女性描述了她们在家庭中重新独立和控制的挑战性角色，她们的叙述强调了她们向成为家庭领袖的转变，并认为自己正在经历更大的自主权。提出离婚的女性违反了社会规范，打破了婚姻障碍，获得了对自己生活的自主权和控制权。这与真实的行为一致，强调他们的力量和个人能动性的恢复。我们的研究为女性提出离婚提供了一个微妙的视角，承认她们从父权规范中解放出来，并在各种斗争中获益。它强调了重塑女性社会角色和自我认同的机会，将离婚视为一种自主和反抗性别压迫的行为，并丰富了对女性经历的讨论。

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引用次数: 0

Upward transfer in Southeast China and Taiwan: Longitudinal trends of a family ritual 东南和台湾地区的向上迁移：一种家庭仪式的纵向趋势

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Journal of Marriage and Family

Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.13078

Ming-Chang Tsai, Chin-Han Chan

Objective

This study examines the evolving patterns of intergenerational financial support in China and Taiwan.

Background

The paradoxical divergence (PD) perspective suggests that family behaviors in China resemble those of Western countries, while Taiwanese families exhibit more traditional practices despite their higher societal income. Conversely, the developmental idealism (DI) perspective anticipates a convergence over time as modern family beliefs become more widespread. The evolving dynamics of financial support defy both PD and DI expectations, suggesting sustained prevalence of giving to parents as a family ritual.

Method

This study employs a hybrid panel model to examine intergenerational financial support using longitudinal data from Southeast China and Taiwan.

Results

Our analysis reveals a shift toward Taiwanese-like patterns in the frequency and amount of financial assistance given to parents in China. Rising personal income, a significant fixed effect, prompts sons and daughters in China to provide more frequent and substantial financial support to their parents. In Taiwan, despite diminishing trends over time, gender disparities in upward transfers persist.

Conclusion

The study highlights that the modernization of intergenerational transfers in Chinese families is moderate. The family ritual perspective provides a more nuanced understanding of the trends and patterns of intergenerational transfer in China and Taiwan.

目的探讨中国大陆和台湾地区代际经济支持的演变模式。相反，发展理想主义（DI）的观点预计，随着时间的推移，随着现代家庭信念变得更加普遍，会出现趋同。经济支持的发展动态违背了PD和DI的期望，这表明给父母作为一种家庭仪式的持续流行。方法采用混合面板模型，利用东南和台湾地区的纵向数据，对代际经济支持进行检验。结果：我们的分析显示，中国大陆对父母的经济援助在频率和数量上向类似台湾的模式转变。个人收入的增加是一个显著的固定效应，它促使中国的儿女更频繁地为父母提供大量的经济支持。在台湾，尽管随着时间的推移趋势逐渐减弱，但向上转移的性别差异仍然存在。结论研究表明，中国家庭代际转移的现代化程度是温和的。家庭仪式的观点提供了对中国大陆和台湾代际转移趋势和模式的更细致的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Barriers to comforting: Couples' attachment and emotional reactivity in a German sample 安慰的障碍：德国夫妇的依恋和情感反应

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Journal of Marriage and Family

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.13079

Yan Li, Ute Kunzmann, Martina Schulz, Philipp Kanske, Margund K. Rohr

Objective

This study examines how attachment orientations are associated with emotional reactivity (i.e., emotional experience and expression) during couples' comforting conversations, as well as age-related differences in these associations.

Background

Effective emotional support during times of need is essential for maintaining intimate relationships. While it is well documented that attachment anxiety and avoidance significantly challenge partners' comforting interactions, research on how these attachment styles affect partners' emotional reactivity in comforting situations remains lacking.

Method

The current study recruited 37 younger (M_age = 24.33) and 41 older couples (M_age = 70.27) in Germany. Couples first separated to relive a recent personal negative event (i.e., the comfort seeker) or a non-emotional event (i.e., the comforters), and then reunited for a comforting conversation about the negative event, with subsequent assessments of their subjective emotional experience, facial, and verbal expressions.

Results

Findings indicated that comfort seekers' anxiety was associated with more difficulties in their own emotional recovery and a greater decrease in their partner's positive emotions after comforting conversations. Moreover, comforters' avoidance was associated with their partner's reduced positive facial expression. Notably, significant age-related differences were identified, with younger couples showing stronger associations between attachment styles and negative verbal expression compared to older couples.

Conclusion

The study highlights how attachment styles are associated with emotional reactivity in couples' comforting situations, emphasizing the need for tailored therapeutic interventions to improve emotional recovery and positive emotional expression, especially in younger couples.

目的探讨依恋取向与夫妻安慰对话中的情绪反应（即情绪体验和表达）的关系，以及这些关系的年龄差异。在需要的时候，有效的情感支持对于维持亲密关系至关重要。虽然有充分的证据表明，依恋焦虑和回避显著地挑战了伴侣的安慰互动，但关于这些依恋类型如何影响伴侣在安慰情境中的情绪反应的研究仍然缺乏。方法本研究在德国招募了37对年轻夫妇（Mage = 24.33）和41对老年夫妇（Mage = 70.27）。夫妇们首先分开，重温最近的个人负面事件（例如，寻求安慰者）或非情感事件（例如，安慰者），然后重聚，就负面事件进行安慰性的谈话，随后评估他们的主观情绪体验，面部和语言表达。结果研究发现，寻求安慰者的焦虑与他们自己情绪恢复的困难和他们的伴侣在安慰谈话后积极情绪的下降有关。此外，安慰者的回避与他们的伴侣减少积极的面部表情有关。值得注意的是，我们发现了显著的年龄相关差异，与老年夫妇相比，年轻夫妇在依恋风格和消极语言表达之间表现出更强的联系。结论本研究强调了依恋类型与夫妻在舒适情境下的情绪反应之间的关系，强调了有必要采取针对性的治疗干预措施，以改善情绪恢复和积极的情绪表达，特别是在年轻夫妇中。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of welfare reform on maternal engagement and involvement with young adolescents 福利改革对母亲参与和参与青少年的影响

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Journal of Marriage and Family

Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.13076

Hope Corman, Dhaval M. Dave, Ariel Kalil, Ofira Schwartz-Soicher, Nancy E. Reichman

Objective

This study investigates the effects of welfare reform in the U.S. on positive parenting-related outcomes and potential pathways.

Background

The 1996 welfare reform legislation sharply restricted eligibility for benefits with a strong emphasis on employment over cash assistance. The legislation led to dramatic declines in welfare caseloads and increases in employment. Much less is known about the effects of welfare reform on dynamics within families that affect children.

Method

Using data on low-educated unmarried mothers in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 linked to information on their 10- to 14-year-old children, we exploit variations in welfare reform implementation across states, over time, and between treatment and comparison groups to identify plausibly causal effects of the legislation on children's reports of activities with parents and closeness of the maternal-child relationship. The analytic sample includes 3,172–3,737 observations for boys and 3,089–3,619 for girls, depending on outcome.

Results

We find modestly negative effects of welfare reform on children's reports of activities with parents and closeness of the maternal-child relationship, with stronger effects for boys than girls. We find no evidence that the effects operated through employment. However, we found suggestive evidence that decreases in income play a role.

Conclusion

Welfare reform compromised maternal involvement and engagement with adolescents, particularly boys, which could adversely affect their development and long-run success.

目的研究美国福利改革对积极亲子关系的影响及其潜在途径。1996年的福利改革立法严格限制了领取福利的资格，强调就业多于现金援助。这项立法导致了福利案件数量的急剧下降和就业的增加。关于福利改革对影响儿童的家庭内部动态的影响，人们知之甚少。方法利用1979年全国青年纵向调查中有关低教育程度未婚母亲的数据及其10至14岁子女的信息，我们利用福利改革在各州、不同时间、实验组和对照组之间实施的差异，以确定立法对儿童与父母活动报告和母子关系亲密程度的合理因果影响。分析样本包括3,172-3,737对男孩的观察和3,089-3,619对女孩的观察，这取决于结果。结果我们发现福利改革对儿童与父母的活动报告和母子关系亲密程度有轻微的负面影响，对男孩的影响强于女孩。我们没有发现证据表明这种影响是通过雇佣产生的。然而，我们发现了暗示性的证据，表明收入的减少起到了作用。结论福利改革削弱了母亲对青少年的参与和参与，特别是男孩，可能对他们的发展和长期成功产生不利影响。

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引用次数: 0

Attitudes toward same-sex couple parents: A decade of change 对同性伴侣父母的态度：十年的变化

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Journal of Marriage and Family

Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.13065

Wendy D. Manning, Kristen E. Gustafson

Objective

Our goal is to track changes in attitudes about same-sex parents in the United States across a 10-year time span between 2012 and 2022.

Background

During this period, there have been transformations in the legal rights of same-sex couples to marry and increased support for same-sex marriage; however, recent increase in hostile state-level policies regarding same-sex couples often center on issues about children.

Method

Drawing on data from the 2012 and 2022 General Social Survey (https://gss.norc.org/), we examine changes in attitudes regarding same-sex parents.

Results

We find significant increases in support for same-sex parents, and this differential persists once accounting for sex, race/ethnicity, education, family background, age, parenthood status, religiosity, political beliefs, urbanicity and region of residence. Although increases in support occurred for all groups, most of the covariates were related to attitudes about same-sex parents in a similar manner in 2012 as 2022.

Conclusion

These findings suggest growth in support for both male and female same-sex parents. New research on how changes in support for same-sex couples and families are linked to specific policies changes is warranted. Underlying value orientations (politics and religiosity) appear to still drive differentials in public opinion.

Implications

This new level of support for same-sex parents may have implications for the enactment of new policies at the local, state and national level that ensure same-sex parent families receive protections from discrimination.

我们的目标是追踪2012年至2022年这10年间美国人对同性父母态度的变化。在此期间，同性伴侣结婚的合法权利发生了转变，对同性婚姻的支持也有所增加；然而，最近各州针对同性伴侣的敌对政策增加，往往集中在儿童问题上。方法根据2012年和2022年综合社会调查（https://gss.norc.org/）的数据，我们研究了人们对同性父母态度的变化。我们发现对同性父母的支持显著增加，并且在考虑到性别、种族/民族、教育、家庭背景、年龄、父母身份、宗教信仰、政治信仰、城市化和居住地区后，这种差异仍然存在。尽管所有群体的支持率都有所上升，但大多数协变量都与2012年和2022年对同性父母的态度有关。结论这些发现表明对同性父母的支持在增加。关于支持同性伴侣和家庭的变化如何与具体政策变化联系起来的新研究是有根据的。潜在的价值取向（政治和宗教信仰）似乎仍在推动公众舆论的差异。这种对同性父母的新支持水平可能会对地方、州和国家层面制定新政策产生影响，以确保同性父母家庭受到保护，免受歧视。

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引用次数: 0