Journal of Marriage and Family最新文献_第4页

Racial-ethnic stratification in work–family arrangements among Black, Hispanic, and white couples 黑人、西班牙裔和白人夫妇在工作-家庭安排方面的种族-族裔分层

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Journal of Marriage and Family

Pub Date : 2024-07-07 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.13020

Léa Pessin, Elena Maria Pojman

Objective

This article builds on work–family scholarship to document racial-ethnic variation in couples' work–family arrangements, that is, how couples respond to their work and family demands.

Background

Existing research on the division of labor finds traditional gender norms continue to dictate how couples share paid and unpaid work in the United States. Yet, this narrative relies primarily on the structural conditions and cultural expectations of white and middle-class women. Black and Hispanic women and men face different labor market opportunities and hold different cultural expectations about gendered responsibilities in families.

Method

The authors use the 2017–2019 Panel Study of Income Dynamics (https://psidonline.isr.umich.edu) and multi-group latent-class analysis to determine typical work–family arrangements for paid work, housework, and care work among U.S. different-sex racially homogamous Black, Hispanic, and white couples, as well as how the prevalence of these arrangements vary across race-ethnicity and life-course stage.

Results

Black, Hispanic, and white couples respond to their work–family demands through one of six work–family arrangements depending on how partners spend time in adult care, childcare, housework, and paid work. Childcare and paid work emerge as stratifying mechanisms of how couples spend their time. Specifically, racial-ethnic differences in distribution across work–family arrangement are large and greatest when couples have young children.

Implications

This article provides support for a couple-level and life-course approach to explaining how couples spend their time in work and family domains across racial-ethnic lines.

本文在工作-家庭学术研究的基础上，记录了夫妻双方在工作-家庭安排方面的种族-民族差异，即夫妻双方如何应对工作和家庭需求。然而，这种说法主要依赖于白人和中产阶级妇女的结构条件和文化期望。黑人和西班牙裔女性和男性面临着不同的劳动力市场机会，对家庭中的性别责任抱有不同的文化期望。作者利用 2017-2019 年收入动态面板研究（https://psidonline.isr.umich.edu）和多群体潜类分析，确定了美国不同性别种族同胞在有偿工作、家务劳动和护理工作方面的典型工作-家庭安排。黑人、西班牙裔和白人夫妇通过六种工作-家庭安排中的一种来应对他们的工作-家庭需求，这取决于伴侣如何在成人照料、儿童保育、家务劳动和有偿工作上花费时间。育儿和有偿工作成为夫妻如何花费时间的分层机制。本文支持从夫妻层面和生命历程的角度来解释不同种族的夫妻如何在工作和家庭领域花费时间。

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引用次数: 0

Understanding CRT and its implications for family science 了解 CRT 及其对家庭科学的影响

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Journal of Marriage and Family

Pub Date : 2024-07-07 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.13017

Dawn M. Dow, Mellissa S. Gordon

Family science has been slow to incorporate critical race theory (CRT) into research on family experiences and outcomes. Discussions of CRT often reduce it to one idea when it is comprised of several key tenets, including the social construction of race, racism as normal and commonplace, critiques of the liberal state, interest convergence, counterstorytelling, intersectionality and anti-essentialism, and Whiteness as a form of property. CRT scholars share the aim of investigating the creation, maintenance, and reproduction of regimes of White supremacy that subordinate people of color, and how such regimes might be transformed. Responding to amplified attention to racial injustices and structural racism, The National Council on Family Relations journals published special issues in 2022, inviting family scholars to submit scholarship engaging with a range of critical frameworks examining racial inequities within families, including CRT. However, many family scientists have limited exposure to CRT in their training and know little about its origins, tenets, applications, and contributions to various disciplines. There is also little understanding of the consequences of not using CRT approaches to enhance our understanding of families and what can be gained from using it. This article describes CRT's origins and key tenets scholars use in their research alongside examples of family science and related research using CRT to examine the impact of structural racism and racial inequality on the family. The article concludes by discussing how a more robust and sustained engagement with the analytical, methodological, and theoretical frameworks of CRT would enhance our understanding of families.

家庭科学在将批判性种族理论（CRT）纳入有关家庭经历和结果的研究方面进展缓慢。关于批判性种族理论的讨论往往将其归结为一个观点，而实际上它由几个关键信条组成，包括种族的社会建构、将种族主义视为正常和司空见惯的现象、对自由主义国家的批判、利益趋同、讲反故事、交叉性和反本质主义，以及作为一种财产形式的白人。CRT 学者的共同目标是调查白人至上制度的建立、维护和复制，以及如何改变这种制度，因为白人至上制度使有色人种处于从属地位。为了回应对种族不公正和结构性种族主义的广泛关注，全国家庭关系委员会期刊在 2022 年出版了特刊，邀请家庭学者提交学术成果，其中包括研究家庭中种族不平等的一系列批判性框架，包括 CRT。然而，许多家庭科学家在接受培训时对 CRT 的接触有限，对其起源、信条、应用以及对各学科的贡献知之甚少。对于不使用 CRT 方法来加深我们对家庭的了解会产生什么后果，以及使用 CRT 可以带来什么好处，也知之甚少。本文介绍了 CRT 的起源和学者们在研究中使用的主要原则，以及家庭科学和相关研究使用 CRT 研究结构性种族主义和种族不平等对家庭的影响的实例。文章最后讨论了更有力、更持久地使用 CRT 的分析、方法和理论框架将如何增进我们对家庭的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Marginalized identities, healthcare discrimination, and parental stress about COVID-19 边缘化身份、医疗歧视和父母对 COVID-19 的压力

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Journal of Marriage and Family

Pub Date : 2024-07-07 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.13023

A. Meier, C. Kamp Dush, A. M. VanBergen, S. Clark, W. Manning

Objective

This paper assesses stress disparities among marginalized parents in 2020–21 during the COVID-19 pandemic through the mechanism of healthcare discrimination.

Background

The pandemic upended the lives of American families and had particularly stark mental health consequences for women, racial and ethnic minority (REM), and sexual and gender minority (SGM) parents. Scholars have been called to understand these unequal experiences via marginalizing mechanisms rather than using race, gender, and sexual identities as proxies for racism, sexism, and cis-heterosexism.

Methods

Structural equation modeling was used to test associations between marginalized identities and parental stress about COVID among partnered parents using healthcare discrimination, a marginalizing mechanism, as a mediator. The data come from The National Couples' Health and Time Study, a population-representative study of couples in the United States.

Results

Findings indicate that compared to nonmarginalized parents, Black parents, women, transgender and nonbinary parents, and gay, lesbian, and bisexual parents experienced higher levels of parental stress about COVID through heightened healthcare discrimination. When accounting for healthcare discrimination, only one marginalized identity–that of women–was directly associated with parental stress about COVID along with the indirect relationship through healthcare discrimination.

Conclusion

These findings highlight healthcare discrimination as a process that puts marginalized parents at risk for heightened stress. Parental stress has the potential to accumulate across the life course and crossover to children and communities.

大流行病颠覆了美国家庭的生活，对妇女、少数种族和少数族裔（REM）以及性和性别少数群体（SGM）的父母造成了特别严重的心理健康后果。学者们呼吁通过边缘化机制来理解这些不平等的经历，而不是将种族、性别和性身份作为种族主义、性别歧视和同性异性恋主义的代名词。我们使用结构方程模型来检验边缘化身份与父母对 COVID 的压力之间的关联，并将医疗歧视这一边缘化机制作为中介。研究结果表明，与非边缘化父母相比，黑人父母、女性父母、变性人和非二元制父母以及男同性恋、女同性恋和双性恋父母由于受到更严重的医疗歧视而承受着更大的 COVID 压力。当考虑到医疗保健歧视时，只有一种边缘化身份--女性--与父母在 COVID 方面的压力直接相关，同时还与医疗保健歧视有间接关系。父母的压力有可能在整个生命过程中累积，并波及子女和社区。

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引用次数: 0

What is QuantCrit doing in a nice field like family science? QuantCrit 在家庭科学这样的好领域做什么？

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Journal of Marriage and Family

Pub Date : 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.13022

Deadric T. Williams, Michael G. Curtis, Joshua L. Boe, Todd M. Jensen

Family science is grappling with the legacy of White supremacy embedded in its theories and methodologies. This presents an opportunity to move beyond traditional theoretical perspectives and statistical approaches that have perpetuated racist assumptions about the inferiority of people of color compared to White Americans. We build on Curtis et al.'s (2022) introduction of Quantitative Criticalism by presenting quantitative critical race theory (QuantCrit) as a critical framework that combines quantitative methods and critical race theory (CRT) to examine issues of racism and race in social science research. Specifically, we (1) make an argument for why QuantCrit is needed in family science, (2) review and critique conventional approaches family scientists have used to analyze racial inequality within the family sciences, (3) offer QuantCrit as an alternative and critical strategy for the quantitative study of racial inequality in family research, and (4) provide examples of how family scientists can leverage QuantCrit to subvert underlying assumptions and practices that perpetuate continued marginalization. We discuss recent research that exhibits elements of QuantCrit in family research to showcase the value of an emerging subfield. QuantCrit provides an opportunity for family scientists studying racial inequality to promote theories, methodological strategies, and policies rooted in social justice.

家庭科学正在努力解决其理论和方法中遗留的白人至上主义问题。这为我们提供了一个超越传统理论观点和统计方法的机会，这些观点和方法延续了关于有色人种劣于美国白人的种族主义假设。我们在柯蒂斯等人（2022 年）介绍定量批判主义的基础上，将定量种族批判理论（QuantCrit）作为一个批判性框架，结合定量方法和种族批判理论（CRT）来研究社会科学研究中的种族主义和种族问题。具体来说，我们（1）论证了为什么家庭科学需要 QuantCrit，（2）回顾并批评了家庭科学家用来分析家庭科学中种族不平等的传统方法，（3）提供 QuantCrit 作为家庭研究中种族不平等定量研究的替代性批判策略，以及（4）举例说明家庭科学家如何利用 QuantCrit 来颠覆导致持续边缘化的基本假设和实践。我们讨论了在家庭研究中展现 QuantCrit 元素的最新研究，以展示这一新兴子领域的价值。QuantCrit 为研究种族不平等问题的家庭科学家提供了一个机会，以促进植根于社会正义的理论、方法策略和政策。

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引用次数: 0

“The panic stays in your mind…concentrating more on the worries than the relationship”: Intimate partnerships during COVID-19 for immigrant women in New York City

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Journal of Marriage and Family

Pub Date : 2024-06-22 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.13019

Heather M. Wurtz, Goleen Samari

Objective

This study examines perceptions of change in intimate relationships among partnered, immigrant women in New York City during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We pay close attention to how structural oppression, particularly related to undocumented immigration status, shaped women's experiences with their intimate partners during a period of social upheaval.

Background

COVID-19 has exacerbated many existing structural inequities and subsequent stressors that have been shown to have an adverse effect on intimate relationships, including increased economic instability and mental health distress. Immigrant women may be particularly vulnerable to relationship strain because of intersecting social and structural inequities.

Methods

We draw on in-depth, semi-structured interviews among a heterogenous sample of 22 women with varied legal status from Latin America, South and East Asia, and the Middle East.

Results

Findings reveal three primary pathways through which structural inequities shaped women's experiences with intimate partnership strain, including financial and material scarcity; uneven caregiving burdens; and constrained access to support in situations of violence and abuse.

Conclusion

Our analysis demonstrates ways that structural oppression, particularly driven by exclusionary immigration laws, influences intimate partner relationships through the legal status of immigrant women. Understanding how structural oppression shapes immigrant partnerships is essential for the field of family demography and for family-serving professionals in referring clients to resources and services, as well as helping women explore sources of resilience and coping within their families and communities.

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引用次数: 0

Heterogenous causal effects: Potentials and pitfalls as illustrated with fatherhood and earnings 异质因果效应：以父亲身份和收入为例说明潜力和陷阱

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Journal of Marriage and Family

Pub Date : 2024-06-22 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.13018

Peter Fallesen, Lars Højsgaard Andersen, Felix Elwert

Objective

To discuss how methods to estimate heterogenous causal effects can be applied in Family Science and to supply empirical examples using the case of fatherhood and earnings.

Background

Many questions important to family scientists do not focus on one-size-fits-all average effects but rather on whether and how effects differ across groups. Recent methodological advances can assist this latter focus, offering new insights for theory and policy.

Method

Using Danish administrative data on all men who entered fatherhood 2005–2016 and on men of comparable age who did not, we focus on two types of heterogeneity in effects. First, effect heterogeneity across observed and unobserved covariates; second, treatment effect heterogeneity across the distribution of outcome variables.

Results

The fatherhood premium on annual labor income is, in fact, a fatherhood penalty on average and across most margins of heterogeneity. Substantial heterogeneity exists across observed and unobserved characteristics and across the distribution of labor market earnings, with results indicating larger penalties for lower earners and those least likely to become fathers.

Conclusions

Effect heterogeneity in Family Science holds great potential to inform policy and theory. However, causal interpretations always require assumptions, and researchers must be vigilant that the assumptions they make are warranted for each specific application.

目的讨论如何在家庭科学中应用估计异质因果效应的方法，并以父亲身份和收入为例提供实证例子。背景对家庭科学家来说，许多重要的问题并不是关注一刀切的平均效应，而是关注不同群体之间的效应是否不同以及如何不同。最近在方法论上的进步有助于后一种关注，为理论和政策提供新的见解。方法我们利用丹麦 2005-2016 年所有已为人父的男性和未为人父的同龄男性的行政数据，重点研究了两种类型的效应异质性。首先是观察到的和未观察到的协变量之间的效果异质性；其次是结果变量分布之间的治疗效果异质性。结果事实上，年劳动收入的父权溢价在平均水平和大多数异质性边际上都是一种父权惩罚。在观察到的和未观察到的特征以及劳动力市场收入分布方面存在着巨大的异质性，结果表明低收入者和最不可能成为父亲的人受到的惩罚更大。结论《家庭科学》中的效应异质性具有为政策和理论提供信息的巨大潜力。然而，因果解释总是需要假设的，研究人员必须警惕他们所做的假设在每个具体应用中都是合理的。

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引用次数: 0

The life course boat: A theoretical framework for analyzing variation in family lives across time, place, and social location 生命历程之舟：分析不同时间、地点和社会位置的家庭生活差异的理论框架

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Journal of Marriage and Family

Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.13012

Anette Eva Fasang, Rob J. Gruijters, Zachary Van Winkle

Objective

We propose a life course theoretical framework for understanding variation in family life courses between birth cohorts (historical time), societies (place), and social groups (social location). Building on the life course paradigm, we explain how key predictors on different levels of analysis can reinforce, precondition, counteract, preclude, or alter each other's influence on family life courses in specific contexts. The proposed framework re-organizes and extends core principles of the life course paradigm into family life course predictors and outcomes on the individual, relational, and population levels.

Background

The life course approach is a well-recognized interdisciplinary paradigm in family research but often remains too abstract to guide hypotheses about family life course variation.

Method

We demonstrate the utility of the proposed framework with a qualitative case study on family life courses in Senegal and a quantitative case study on family life course change between Baby Boomer and Millennial cohorts in the United States using sequence analysis.

Results

Findings of the two example applications support that fertility decline in Senegal was primarily driven by material considerations and not by ideational change and that family life course de-standardization was greater between White Baby Boomers and Millennials compared to Black Boomers and Millennials.

Conclusion

Developing narrower mid-range theories that fill the basic life course principles with substantive content and target specific fields of application, such as family life courses, is promising to advance life course theory.

目的我们提出了一个生命历程理论框架，用于理解出生组群（历史时间）、社会（地点）和社会群体（社会位置）之间家庭生活历程的差异。在生命历程范式的基础上，我们解释了不同分析层次上的关键预测因素如何在特定情况下加强、预设、抵消、排除或改变彼此对家庭生命历程的影响。所提出的框架将生命历程范式的核心原则重新组织并扩展到个人、关系和人口层面的家庭生命历程预测因素和结果中。背景生命历程方法是家庭研究中公认的跨学科范式，但往往过于抽象，无法指导有关家庭生命历程变异的假设。方法我们通过对塞内加尔家庭生命历程的定性案例研究，以及对美国婴儿潮一代和千禧一代之间家庭生命历程变化的定量案例研究（使用序列分析法），展示了所建议的框架的实用性。结果这两个应用实例的研究结果证明，塞内加尔生育率下降的主要原因是物质因素，而不是意识形态的变化；与黑人婴儿潮一代和千禧一代相比，白人婴儿潮一代和千禧一代的家庭生活过程去标准化程度更高。结论发展范围较窄的中程理论，以实质性内容填充基本生命历程原则，并针对家庭生命历程等具体应用领域，有望推动生命历程理论的发展。

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引用次数: 0

How intergenerational estrangement matters for maternal and adult children's health 代际疏远如何影响产妇和成年子女的健康

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Journal of Marriage and Family

Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.13013

Rin Reczek, Mieke Beth Thomeer, Christina Bijou

Objective

We compare maternal and adult child health outcomes across (1) estranged (i.e., no contact, or low contact and low quality), (2) socially positive (i.e., high quality, moderate to high contact), and (3) socially negative (i.e., high contact but low quality) maternal–adult child relationships.

Background

We develop intergenerational resource, crisis, and strain theories to test the link between socially positive, socially negative, and estranged maternal–adult child dynamics and the health of both generations.

Method

Regression models of National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79 and NLSY79-CYA) data compare self-rated health and CES-D scores across maternal–adult child relationship types (N = 2609 mothers; 5590 children).

Results

Mothers with estranged ties report poorer health relative to those with socially positive ties. Mothers with socially negative ties report statistically similar health relative to mothers with either socially positive or estranged ties. The health of adult children with estrangement exposure is similar to those in socially negative ties, while adult children with socially negative ties have worse health relative to those in socially positive ties. Estranged adult children report worse self-rated health than those in socially positive ties, but adult children's mental health is not statistically different than those in socially positive ties. Family-level analyses incorporating siblings suggest that for mothers, an estranged/socially negative tie with any child is associated with worse self-rated health; for adult children, one's own maternal relationship is more consequential than the sibling context.

Conclusion

This study has implications for research and theory on the health cost of socially negative and estranged intergenerational ties.

我们比较了（1）疏远型（即无接触，或接触少且质量低）、（2）社会积极型（即质量高、中高接触）和（3）社会消极型（即接触多但质量低）母子关系中的母婴健康结果、我们发展了代际资源、危机和压力理论，以检验社会积极、社会消极和疏远的母子关系与两代人健康之间的联系。全美青年纵向调查（NLSY79 和 NLSY79-CYA）数据的回归模型比较了不同母子关系类型的自我健康评价和 CES-D 分数（N = 2609 位母亲；5590 位子女）。与社会关系消极的母亲相比，与社会关系积极或疏远的母亲的健康状况在统计学上相似。有疏远关系的成年子女的健康状况与有消极社会关系的成年子女相似，而有消极社会关系的成年子女的健康状况则比有积极社会关系的成年子女差。与社会关系积极的成年子女相比，疏远的成年子女自我评定的健康状况更差，但与社会关系积极的成年子女相比，成年子女的心理健康状况在统计上并无差异。包括兄弟姐妹在内的家庭层面分析表明，对于母亲而言，与任何子女疏远/社会负面联系都会导致自我健康状况变差；对于成年子女而言，与兄弟姐妹相比，自己的母亲关系对其影响更大。

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引用次数: 0

Re-partnering and single mothers' mental health and life satisfaction trajectories 再婚与单身母亲的心理健康和生活满意度轨迹

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Journal of Marriage and Family

Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.13015

Philipp Dierker, Mine Kühn, Mikko Myrskylä

Objective

This study examines single mothers' mental health and life satisfaction trajectories around re-partnering transitions, and the driving factors of these associations.

Background

Single mothers are a particularly disadvantaged group in terms of their mental health and life satisfaction. According to the resource model, re-partnering has a positive effect on these outcomes because it provides additional social, emotional, and financial resources. In contrast, the crisis model suggests that when a mother re-partners, her mental health and life satisfaction further decline because re-partnering can trigger conflicts in the family.

Method

Using long-term annual panel data from Germany and the United Kingdom, fixed-effects regressions reveal effects among 1101 single mothers from Germany and 549 from the UK.

Results

Life satisfaction was positively affected by re-partnering in Germany, mainly driven by income-related factors. The positive association in the UK was less strong. Patterns of mental health trajectories indicate clearer differences between the two countries: based on point estimates, we observed an increasing trajectory in Germany and a declining trajectory in the UK after the re-partnering transition. There were no significant mental health patterns observed in either country.

Conclusion

The findings suggest varying associations between well-being and re-partnering. Positive trends for life satisfaction in Germany and partially in the UK highlight the importance of financial resources. However, less clear patterns were observed for mental health, revealing differences between countries and underscoring the role of family policies.

本研究探讨了单亲母亲在重新结为伴侣前后的心理健康和生活满意度轨迹，以及这些关联的驱动因素。单亲母亲在心理健康和生活满意度方面是一个特别弱势的群体。根据资源模型，重新结为伴侣会对这些结果产生积极影响，因为它提供了额外的社会、情感和经济资源。与此相反，危机模型表明，当母亲再次结为伴侣时，她的心理健康和生活满意度会进一步下降，因为再次结为伴侣可能会引发家庭冲突。利用德国和英国的长期年度面板数据，固定效应回归揭示了德国 1101 名单身母亲和英国 549 名单身母亲的影响。在德国，生活满意度受到重新建立伴侣关系的积极影响，这主要是受收入相关因素的驱动，而在英国，这种积极影响则不那么强烈。心理健康轨迹的模式表明两国之间存在着明显的差异：根据点估计，我们观察到德国的心理健康轨迹在重新成为伴侣后呈上升趋势，而英国则呈下降趋势。研究结果表明，幸福感与再婚之间存在不同的关联。在德国，生活满意度呈上升趋势，在英国则部分呈上升趋势，这凸显了经济资源的重要性。然而，在心理健康方面观察到的模式并不明显，这揭示了国家之间的差异，并强调了家庭政策的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Calling on kin: Poverty, the family safety net, and child welfare policy 呼唤亲情：贫困、家庭安全网和儿童福利政策

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Journal of Marriage and Family

Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.13014

Madeleine Gilson, Gillian Slee, Matthew Desmond

Objective

This study examined parents' accounts of how their extended kin networks shaped and were shaped by the child protective services (CPS) process.

Background

Arguably the most important recent shift in child welfare policy has been a move away from non-relative foster care and toward kin placement. Yet increasing family complexity along with network disadvantage may weaken kin support.

Method

This study draws on 81 in-depth interviews with a sample of parents with prior involvement with the CPS system in New Jersey. Our sample includes 54 Black, 19 white, and 8 Hispanic parents. We used inductive analysis and iterative, qualitative coding to interpret participants' accounts and classify their networks.

Results

Parents often indicated that the quality of kin ties helped to steer case outcomes, benefitting parents with supportive and resourced family connections and impairing those isolated from family or embedded in disadvantaged networks. State intervention in the family also affected kin ties, often compromising parents' relationships with relatives.

Conclusion

The results of this study reveal that child welfare agencies prioritize kin support as a solution to addressing family needs even though the parents who come under the purview of CPS often lack supportive kin networks. This study has implications for understanding the family safety net and the role of kin networks in government processes.

本研究考察了家长对其扩展亲属网络如何影响儿童保护服务（CPS）过程以及如何被儿童保护服务（CPS）过程影响的描述。可以说，儿童福利政策近期最重要的转变是从非亲属寄养转向亲属安置。本研究对新泽西州曾参与 CPS 系统的父母进行了 81 次深入访谈。我们的样本包括 54 名黑人家长、19 名白人家长和 8 名西班牙裔家长。我们使用归纳分析和迭代定性编码来解释参与者的叙述，并对他们的网络进行分类。家长们经常表示，亲属关系的质量有助于引导个案的结果，使那些拥有支持性和资源性家庭关系的家长受益，并损害那些与家庭隔离或处于弱势网络中的家长。国家对家庭的干预也会影响亲属关系，往往会损害父母与亲属的关系。本研究结果表明，儿童福利机构优先考虑亲属支持，以此作为解决家庭需求的一种方法，尽管在儿童保护和社会服务机构管辖范围内的父母往往缺乏支持性的亲属网络。这项研究对于理解家庭安全网和亲属网络在政府程序中的作用具有重要意义。

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