This study examined how paid work time and earnings are related to time spent in various types of housework tasks among people in same-sex couples (SSCs) and how these relationships differ from those among people in different-sex couples (DSCs).
Background
Prior research on housework among people in SSCs mostly relied on convenience samples and self-report measures of housework. These methods may have drawbacks related to the selectivity of the samples and the accuracy of the housework measures. Specifically, SSCs might try to portray their housework divisions as more equal than they actually are.
Method
The current study used nationally representative, time diary data from the American Time Use Survey (N = 50,899) to estimate the relationships between paid work time, earnings, and time spent in various types of housework tasks (feminine, masculine, and gender-neutral tasks) among people in SSCs and DSCs.
Results
Paid work time was related to housework time among both men and women in SSCs, but earnings were only related to housework among men in SSCs. Furthermore, some associations between paid work characteristics and housework were stronger among men in SSCs compared with men in DSCs. Among women, the pattern of couple-type differences in the associations of interest was more nuanced.
Conclusion
Using high-quality, nationally representative data, the results point to a greater level of specialization of paid work and housework responsibilities among people in SSCs relative to people in DSCs than has previously been observed in the bulk of the literature.
{"title":"Housework among same-sex and different-sex couples: The roles of time and earnings","authors":"Jocelyn Fischer","doi":"10.1111/jomf.12990","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jomf.12990","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examined how paid work time and earnings are related to time spent in various types of housework tasks among people in same-sex couples (SSCs) and how these relationships differ from those among people in different-sex couples (DSCs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prior research on housework among people in SSCs mostly relied on convenience samples and self-report measures of housework. These methods may have drawbacks related to the selectivity of the samples and the accuracy of the housework measures. Specifically, SSCs might try to portray their housework divisions as more equal than they actually are.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The current study used nationally representative, time diary data from the American Time Use Survey (<i>N</i> = 50,899) to estimate the relationships between paid work time, earnings, and time spent in various types of housework tasks (feminine, masculine, and gender-neutral tasks) among people in SSCs and DSCs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Paid work time was related to housework time among both men and women in SSCs, but earnings were only related to housework among men in SSCs. Furthermore, some associations between paid work characteristics and housework were stronger among men in SSCs compared with men in DSCs. Among women, the pattern of couple-type differences in the associations of interest was more nuanced.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using high-quality, nationally representative data, the results point to a greater level of specialization of paid work and housework responsibilities among people in SSCs relative to people in DSCs than has previously been observed in the bulk of the literature.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"86 4","pages":"867-886"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jomf.12990","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140724028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Wakefield, Garrett Baker, Christopher Wildeman
Objective
To consider whether one sibling's criminal legal system contact influences another's material conditions, social support, and mental health and behavioral problems.
Background
Sibling incarceration is both the most common form of familial incarceration in the United States, with more than one in four Americans reporting ever experiencing this event, and highly unequally distributed. Despite how prevalent and unequally distributed sibling criminal legal system contact is, little research considers the consequences of that event for family life. This study seeks to partially fill that gap by testing whether and how a sibling's criminal legal system contact is associated with changes in the material conditions, social support, and wellbeing of caregivers and other children.
Method
Using data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, the authors estimate hierarchical linear models to consider the relationship between sibling criminal legal system contact and three core indicators of familial and child wellbeing: familial (1) social support and (2) material insecurity, and (3) child wellbeing, as indicated by behavioral and mental health problems using validated scales.
Results
Sibling criminal legal system contact is associated with a reduction in the wellbeing of other children and contributes to declines in familial social support and material security.
Conclusion
Taken together, the results suggest that a sibling's criminal legal system contact can disrupt home life for siblings and families alike, highlighting yet another way that mass criminalization may imperil families and children.
研究兄弟姐妹中的一方与刑事法律系统的接触是否会影响另一方的物质条件、社会支持以及心理健康和行为问题。兄弟姐妹入狱既是美国最常见的家庭入狱形式，每四个美国人中就有一个以上的人报告说曾经经历过这种事件，而且分布极不均匀。尽管兄弟姐妹与刑事法律系统的接触是如此普遍且分布不均，但很少有研究考虑这一事件对家庭生活的影响。本研究试图通过测试兄弟姐妹与刑事法律系统的接触是否以及如何与物质条件、社会支持以及照顾者和其他儿童的福祉的变化相关联，来部分填补这一空白。作者利用 "芝加哥街区人类发展项目"（Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods）的数据，估计了分层线性模型，以考虑兄弟姐妹与刑事法律系统的接触与家庭和儿童福祉的三个核心指标之间的关系：家庭（1）社会支持和（2）物质不安全，以及（3）儿童福祉，即使用有效量表显示的行为和心理健康问题。综上所述，研究结果表明，兄弟姐妹与刑事法律系统的接触会扰乱兄弟姐妹和家庭的家庭生活，这凸显了大规模刑事犯罪可能会危及家庭和儿童的另一种方式。
{"title":"The consequences of sibling criminal legal system contact for family life","authors":"Sara Wakefield, Garrett Baker, Christopher Wildeman","doi":"10.1111/jomf.12989","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jomf.12989","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To consider whether one sibling's criminal legal system contact influences another's material conditions, social support, and mental health and behavioral problems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sibling incarceration is both the most common form of familial incarceration in the United States, with more than one in four Americans reporting ever experiencing this event, and highly unequally distributed. Despite how prevalent and unequally distributed sibling criminal legal system contact is, little research considers the consequences of that event for family life. This study seeks to partially fill that gap by testing whether and how a sibling's criminal legal system contact is associated with changes in the material conditions, social support, and wellbeing of caregivers and other children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, the authors estimate hierarchical linear models to consider the relationship between sibling criminal legal system contact and three core indicators of familial and child wellbeing: familial (1) social support and (2) material insecurity, and (3) child wellbeing, as indicated by behavioral and mental health problems using validated scales.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sibling criminal legal system contact is associated with a reduction in the wellbeing of other children and contributes to declines in familial social support and material security.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Taken together, the results suggest that a sibling's criminal legal system contact can disrupt home life for siblings and families alike, highlighting yet another way that mass criminalization may imperil families and children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"86 4","pages":"931-945"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jomf.12989","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140750806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines the educational diffusion of divorce in Europe and the role of women's decision-making therein.
Background
As the contextual barriers to divorce have lowered, the divorce rates of less-educated women have increased in many societies. Changes in divorce barriers are likely more pertinent to married women than to married men. However, no previous study has tested whether less-educated women increasingly take the initiative to divorce or whether less-educated women are increasingly left by their husbands.
Method
The authors used retrospective panel data from the Generations and Gender Survey, covering 39,650 marital unions across 49 country-cohort contexts in Europe. Multilevel models showed how divorce barriers were associated with the educational gradient in divorce. Competing-risks models decomposed the associations into a wife-initiated share and a husband- or jointly-initiated share.
Results
Lower divorce barriers are associated with the educational diffusion of divorce. This diffusion is largely driven by women's own divorce initiation.
Conclusion
More permissive family norms and greater economic autonomy enable less-educated women to leave a dissatisfying marriage.
本研究探讨了欧洲离婚的教育普及情况以及妇女在离婚决策中的作用。随着离婚障碍的减少，许多社会中受教育程度较低的妇女的离婚率有所上升。与已婚男性相比，离婚障碍的变化对已婚女性的影响可能更大。作者使用了 "世代与性别调查"（Generations and Gender Survey）的回顾性面板数据，涵盖了欧洲 49 个国家组群背景下的 39650 对婚姻。多层次模型显示了离婚障碍与离婚的教育梯度之间的关系。竞争风险模型将这种关联分解为妻子主动离婚的份额和丈夫或双方共同主动离婚的份额。更宽松的家庭规范和更大的经济自主权使受教育程度较低的妇女能够离开令人不满的婚姻。
{"title":"The educational diffusion of divorce: The role of gender and context","authors":"Bram Hogendoorn, Lonneke van den Berg","doi":"10.1111/jomf.12980","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jomf.12980","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examines the educational diffusion of divorce in Europe and the role of women's decision-making therein.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As the contextual barriers to divorce have lowered, the divorce rates of less-educated women have increased in many societies. Changes in divorce barriers are likely more pertinent to married women than to married men. However, no previous study has tested whether less-educated women increasingly take the initiative to divorce or whether less-educated women are increasingly left by their husbands.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The authors used retrospective panel data from the Generations and Gender Survey, covering 39,650 marital unions across 49 country-cohort contexts in Europe. Multilevel models showed how divorce barriers were associated with the educational gradient in divorce. Competing-risks models decomposed the associations into a wife-initiated share and a husband- or jointly-initiated share.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lower divorce barriers are associated with the educational diffusion of divorce. This diffusion is largely driven by women's own divorce initiation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>More permissive family norms and greater economic autonomy enable less-educated women to leave a dissatisfying marriage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"86 3","pages":"738-761"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jomf.12980","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140362299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article calls on family scholars to take seriously how families are invested and divested in maintaining and reproducing cisnormativity.
Background
Families can be a prime institution for the reproduction of cisnormativity. For transgender and nonbinary family members, families' investment in cisnormativity can generate ambiguous and toxic familial relations. Yet, family studies have not developed an adequate framework to examine how and why cisnormativity operates within families.
Method
The authors engage with empirical and theoretical work on gender, intersectionality, and families to examine how cisnormativity operates within family dynamics and processes. This article also focuses on work about trans people and families to capture how cisnormative processes within families affect trans people's familial relations.
Results
The authors advance a trans family systems framework to show how families' cisgender investments and divestments shape familial processes. The concept of cisnormative compliance is introduced to capture the beliefs and practices of obedience established by family members for the purpose of reproducing cisnormativity. Family studies can move forward in studying these cisnormative processes through documenting how gender accountability shapes family dynamics, implementing new methods, furthering an intersectional analysis, and exploring complexities of space and place.
Conclusion
To reimagine gender and families, family scholars need to study and foreground how cisnormativity shapes family dynamics and processes.
{"title":"Trans family systems framework: Theorizing families' gender investments and divestments in cisnormativity","authors":"Brandon Andrew Robinson, Amy L. Stone","doi":"10.1111/jomf.12988","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jomf.12988","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article calls on family scholars to take seriously how families are invested and divested in maintaining and reproducing cisnormativity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Families can be a prime institution for the reproduction of cisnormativity. For transgender and nonbinary family members, families' investment in cisnormativity can generate ambiguous and toxic familial relations. Yet, family studies have not developed an adequate framework to examine how and why cisnormativity operates within families.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The authors engage with empirical and theoretical work on gender, intersectionality, and families to examine how cisnormativity operates within family dynamics and processes. This article also focuses on work about trans people and families to capture how cisnormative processes within families affect trans people's familial relations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The authors advance a trans family systems framework to show how families' cisgender investments and divestments shape familial processes. The concept of cisnormative compliance is introduced to capture the beliefs and practices of obedience established by family members for the purpose of reproducing cisnormativity. Family studies can move forward in studying these cisnormative processes through documenting how gender accountability shapes family dynamics, implementing new methods, furthering an intersectional analysis, and exploring complexities of space and place.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To reimagine gender and families, family scholars need to study and foreground how cisnormativity shapes family dynamics and processes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"86 5","pages":"1205-1227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jomf.12988","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140379404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This essay discusses the challenges and opportunities of defining family in the context of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) people.
Background
LGBTQ+ people and their families remain at the forefront of novel family scholarship. Interrogating methodological approaches to defining family are critical for overcoming the continued marginalization and misrepresentation of LGBTQ+ family scholarship.
Method
We review and present select literature to frame the current challenges and subsequent opportunities for advancing LGBTQ+ family scholarship through the conceptual and methodological defining of family.
Results
Framed in a U.S. context, we discuss the oppressive and emancipatory consequences that have occurred through the project of defining family. We then highlight current challenges of defining LGBTQ+ families, emphasizing data inclusion and measurement considerations that arise when grappling with the methodological complexities of LGBTQ+ people versus LGBTQ+ families, chosen families and fictive kin, LGBTQ+ children in families, and consensually non-monogamous relationships. Throughout, we present opportunities to address current shortcomings within family scholarship regarding LGBTQ+ families. We end with clear and pointed steps on how family researchers can integrate practical but nevertheless influential strategies to advance and enrich LGBTQ+ family research through intentional reflections on research design, sampling, and measurement.
Conclusion
Despite progress, family scholarship alongside current social events entreats a more intentional commitment from family scholars to measure and advocate for data and methods that properly illuminate (LGBTQ+) family life.
{"title":"Defining and measuring family: Lessons learned from LGBTQ+ people and families","authors":"Jessica N. Fish, Rin Reczek, Pond Ezra","doi":"10.1111/jomf.12987","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jomf.12987","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This essay discusses the challenges and opportunities of defining family in the context of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) people.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>LGBTQ+ people and their families remain at the forefront of novel family scholarship. Interrogating methodological approaches to defining family are critical for overcoming the continued marginalization and misrepresentation of LGBTQ+ family scholarship.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We review and present select literature to frame the current challenges and subsequent opportunities for advancing LGBTQ+ family scholarship through the conceptual and methodological defining of family.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Framed in a U.S. context, we discuss the oppressive and emancipatory consequences that have occurred through the project of defining family. We then highlight current challenges of defining LGBTQ+ families, emphasizing data inclusion and measurement considerations that arise when grappling with the methodological complexities of LGBTQ+ people versus LGBTQ+ families, chosen families and fictive kin, LGBTQ+ children in families, and consensually non-monogamous relationships. Throughout, we present opportunities to address current shortcomings within family scholarship regarding LGBTQ+ families. We end with clear and pointed steps on how family researchers can integrate practical but nevertheless influential strategies to advance and enrich LGBTQ+ family research through intentional reflections on research design, sampling, and measurement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite progress, family scholarship alongside current social events entreats a more intentional commitment from family scholars to measure and advocate for data and methods that properly illuminate (LGBTQ+) family life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"86 5","pages":"1450-1467"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140211115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study applies a social foreground perspective to assess whether the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program impacted the self-rated health of coresident parents of DACA-eligible individuals.
Background
DACA status grants a temporary work permit and allows for a stay of deportation for undocumented persons who entered the United States as children. Although research points to the positive health benefits of DACA for its recipients, less is known about whether the program affects the health of family members, including parents.
Method
This study uses data from the National Health Interview Study (2008–2015) on foreign-born adults and their coresident parents. We applied a difference-in-differences design to examine whether the self-rated health of coresident mothers and fathers changed following the passage of DACA for DACA-eligible individuals.
Results
In contrast to expectations, DACA was associated with worse self-rated health among coresident, partnered parents. These results may be because DACA also decreased the likelihood of coresiding with parents and changed the composition of coresident parents themselves. Following DACA, fewer eligible offspring lived with parents overall, but among those that did, parents tended to be older and less healthy.
Conclusion
Findings underscore how DACA may be used as a resource to support older parents experiencing health challenges, in particular among older undocumented immigrants, who make up a growing share of the undocumented population in the United States.
{"title":"Consequences of deferred action for childhood arrivals for parent health: Applying a social foreground perspective","authors":"Jenjira Yahirun, Jacqueline Torres","doi":"10.1111/jomf.12986","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jomf.12986","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study applies a social foreground perspective to assess whether the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program impacted the self-rated health of coresident parents of DACA-eligible individuals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>DACA status grants a temporary work permit and allows for a stay of deportation for undocumented persons who entered the United States as children. Although research points to the positive health benefits of DACA for its recipients, less is known about whether the program affects the health of family members, including parents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study uses data from the National Health Interview Study (2008–2015) on foreign-born adults and their coresident parents. We applied a difference-in-differences design to examine whether the self-rated health of coresident mothers and fathers changed following the passage of DACA for DACA-eligible individuals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In contrast to expectations, DACA was associated with worse self-rated health among coresident, partnered parents. These results may be because DACA also decreased the likelihood of coresiding with parents and changed the composition of coresident parents themselves. Following DACA, fewer eligible offspring lived with parents overall, but among those that did, parents tended to be older and less healthy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings underscore how DACA may be used as a resource to support older parents experiencing health challenges, in particular among older undocumented immigrants, who make up a growing share of the undocumented population in the United States.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"86 4","pages":"910-930"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jomf.12986","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140219086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, I propose a new approach to study the opportunities and challenges for low-income families through a focus on two key dimensions of family life: time and space. I show how the interaction of these two dimensions produces a range of scenarios for different types of social support to emerge.
Background
The space–time continuum (STC) is a theoretical framework in physics that removes the distinction between time and space and, instead, treats them as part of a seamless continuum. Similar to its adaptation in psychology, I use it to develop a model of family dynamics to better understand the correlates of kinship support.
Method
Drawing on data drawn from a longitudinal project in Nairobi, Kenya, the spatial dimension is operationalized as the proportion of kin who live in close proximity and the temporal pertains to the duration of time in which family members maintain particular arrangements. Multinomial logit regression models are used to analyze the relationship between STC exposure and the odds of having each type of support composition.
Results
The receipt of specific types of support from kin does vary across the STC quadrants though not entirely consistent with expectations. Moreover, the role of non-kin was found to be surprisingly low across all waves of data collection, underscoring the continued importance of kin-based relationships.
Conclusion
The space–time continuum approach offers a way to connect macro level factors such as labor market constraints to micro level adaptation, agency, change and continuity in family structure and function. In doing so, I also make a case for the critical role that research in the African context can play in the development of theory and methodological innovation in family sociology.
{"title":"Families on the space–time continuum: Conceptualizing and measuring temporal and spatial dimensions","authors":"Sangeetha Madhavan","doi":"10.1111/jomf.12984","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jomf.12984","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this article, I propose a new approach to study the opportunities and challenges for low-income families through a focus on two key dimensions of family life: time and space. I show how the interaction of these two dimensions produces a range of scenarios for different types of social support to emerge.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The space–time continuum (STC) is a theoretical framework in physics that removes the distinction between time and space and, instead, treats them as part of a seamless continuum. Similar to its adaptation in psychology, I use it to develop a model of family dynamics to better understand the correlates of kinship support.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Drawing on data drawn from a longitudinal project in Nairobi, Kenya, the spatial dimension is operationalized as the proportion of kin who live in close proximity and the temporal pertains to the duration of time in which family members maintain particular arrangements. Multinomial logit regression models are used to analyze the relationship between STC exposure and the odds of having each type of support composition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The receipt of specific types of support from kin does vary across the STC quadrants though not entirely consistent with expectations. Moreover, the role of non-kin was found to be surprisingly low across all waves of data collection, underscoring the continued importance of kin-based relationships.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The space–time continuum approach offers a way to connect macro level factors such as labor market constraints to micro level adaptation, agency, change and continuity in family structure and function. In doing so, I also make a case for the critical role that research in the African context can play in the development of theory and methodological innovation in family sociology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"86 5","pages":"1541-1556"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jomf.12984","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140224000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The internet and digital technologies have penetrated all domains of people's lives, and family life is no exception. Despite being a characterizing feature of contemporary family change, the digitalization of family life has yet to be systematically theorized. Against this backdrop, this article develops a multilevel conceptual framework for understanding the digitalization of family life and illustrates the framework by synthesizing state-of-the-art research from multiple disciplines across global contexts. At a micro level, as individuals “do” family online, digitalization influences diverse aspects of family practices, including family formation, functioning, and contact. How individuals “do” family online is not free-floating but embedded in macro-level economic, sociocultural, and political systems underpinning processes of digitalization. Bridging the micro–macro divide, family-focused online communities serve as a pivotal intermediary at the meso level, where people display family life to, and exchange family-related support with, mostly nonfamily members. Meso-level online communities are key sites for forming and diffusing collective identities and shared family norms. Bringing together the three levels, the framework also considers cross-level interrelations to develop a holistic digital ecology of family life. The article concludes by discussing the contributions of the framework to understanding family change and advancing family scholarship in the digital age.
{"title":"The digitalization of family life: A multilevel conceptual framework","authors":"Yue Qian, Yang Hu","doi":"10.1111/jomf.12983","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jomf.12983","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The internet and digital technologies have penetrated all domains of people's lives, and family life is no exception. Despite being a characterizing feature of contemporary family change, the digitalization of family life has yet to be systematically theorized. Against this backdrop, this article develops a multilevel conceptual framework for understanding the digitalization of family life and illustrates the framework by synthesizing state-of-the-art research from multiple disciplines across global contexts. At a micro level, as individuals “do” family online, digitalization influences diverse aspects of family practices, including family formation, functioning, and contact. How individuals “do” family online is not free-floating but embedded in macro-level economic, sociocultural, and political systems underpinning processes of digitalization. Bridging the micro–macro divide, family-focused online communities serve as a pivotal intermediary at the meso level, where people display family life to, and exchange family-related support with, mostly nonfamily members. Meso-level online communities are key sites for forming and diffusing collective identities and shared family norms. Bringing together the three levels, the framework also considers cross-level interrelations to develop a holistic digital ecology of family life. The article concludes by discussing the contributions of the framework to understanding family change and advancing family scholarship in the digital age.</p>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"86 5","pages":"1160-1183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jomf.12983","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140232641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines post-separation residential outcomes in immigrant, native, and immigrant–native mixed (married and cohabiting) couples.
Background
Previous research showed that women were more likely to leave the family home upon separation than men, indicating a weaker bargaining position.
Method
Using linked survey and register data from Switzerland, we estimate two post-separation mobility outcomes: who leaves the family home and to what distance this person relocates. By distinguishing male and female partners by migrant origin, we consider how gendered power imbalances interact with migration status to create specific bargaining dynamics within households.
Results
Among immigrant–native mixed couples, the immigrant ex-partner (regardless of gender) was significantly more likely to move out of the joint home following separation. The likelihood of moving (abroad) after separation was highest for recently arrived immigrant women.
Conclusion
The results suggest that migration status brings in a new dimension of bargaining within separating couples, which affects the gender-specific residential mobility outcomes reported in previous studies. Although family migration decisions are generally biased toward the human capital of men, this study shows the advantage of the native partner in immigrant–native couples.
{"title":"Intermarriage and housing upon separation. A matter of resources and bargaining power?","authors":"Julie Lacroix, Júlia Mikolai, Hill Kulu","doi":"10.1111/jomf.12985","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jomf.12985","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper examines post-separation residential outcomes in immigrant, native, and immigrant–native mixed (married and cohabiting) couples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous research showed that women were more likely to leave the family home upon separation than men, indicating a weaker bargaining position.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using linked survey and register data from Switzerland, we estimate two post-separation mobility outcomes: who leaves the family home and to what distance this person relocates. By distinguishing male and female partners by migrant origin, we consider how gendered power imbalances interact with migration status to create specific bargaining dynamics within households.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among immigrant–native mixed couples, the immigrant ex-partner (regardless of gender) was significantly more likely to move out of the joint home following separation. The likelihood of moving (abroad) after separation was highest for recently arrived immigrant women.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results suggest that migration status brings in a new dimension of bargaining within separating couples, which affects the gender-specific residential mobility outcomes reported in previous studies. Although family migration decisions are generally biased toward the human capital of men, this study shows the advantage of the native partner in immigrant–native couples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"86 4","pages":"988-1008"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jomf.12985","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140243797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined how family members managed emotions - or produced emotion work - during family mealtimes and how this affected eating together in contexts where positive feeling rules, such as expectations of feeling happy together at the table, shaped commensality.
Background
The happy family meal ideology is widespread, but few studies have specifically investigated the way emotions are managed at the table.
Methods
Based on 90 h of observations and 47 interviews with parents and children in 14 households across France and Australia, this ethnographic study examined emotions during family mealtimes. The data was analyzed using grounded theory.
Results
Positive feeling rules affected family mealtimes and led the mothers and fathers to produce significant, but different types of mealtime emotion work. The mothers were seen as caring, loving, and patient, whereas the fathers were seen as fun, but also impatient and authoritative. The lower the social class position of the family, the more parents distanced themselves from normative feeling rules—or from the happy family meal ideology—which meant emotions were not moderated as much.
Conclusion
The type and intensity of emotion work repositioned parents in unequal roles of care and power relationships in relation to each other.
Implications
The amount and type of mealtime emotion work are key to understanding the barriers and burdens that families face when wanting to eat together.
{"title":"Mealtime emotion work: Gendered politics of care and power at the table","authors":"Fairley Le Moal","doi":"10.1111/jomf.12975","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jomf.12975","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examined how family members managed emotions - or produced emotion work - during family mealtimes and how this affected eating together in contexts where positive feeling rules, such as expectations of feeling happy together at the table, shaped commensality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The happy family meal ideology is widespread, but few studies have specifically investigated the way emotions are managed at the table.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on 90 h of observations and 47 interviews with parents and children in 14 households across France and Australia, this ethnographic study examined emotions during family mealtimes. The data was analyzed using grounded theory.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Positive feeling rules affected family mealtimes and led the mothers and fathers to produce significant, but different types of mealtime emotion work. The mothers were seen as caring, loving, and patient, whereas the fathers were seen as fun, but also impatient and authoritative. The lower the social class position of the family, the more parents distanced themselves from normative feeling rules—or from the happy family meal ideology—which meant emotions were not moderated as much.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The type and intensity of emotion work repositioned parents in unequal roles of care and power relationships in relation to each other.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The amount and type of mealtime emotion work are key to understanding the barriers and burdens that families face when wanting to eat together.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"86 4","pages":"838-866"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jomf.12975","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140247795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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