In the present research, a hybrid decision-making and data-driven optimization approach is developed based on economic management theory to design a global COVID-19 vaccine supply chain. Economic management theory includes three complementary theories of information processing, transaction cost economics, and the resource-based view/dynamic capabilities to examine the logic of the proposed approach. The first phase involves assessing the efficiency of foreign suppliers and manufacturers through non-radial data envelopment analysis. In this phase, the foreign exchange rate parameter is forecasted using the hybrid neural network. Then, the second phase introduces a multi-objective optimization model for designing a vaccine supply chain under uncertain conditions. Flow complexity, node complexity, and node criticality are considered in the model to increase the overall resilience of the network. To deal with the uncertainty of the problem, a stochastic robust optimization model is employed. The objective functions aim to maximize supply chain efficiency and minimize the non-resilience of the network and the total cost. The approach implemented in this research is validated by an actual-world case study in Iran. The findings highlight that resilience indicators can improve economic costs by up to 13% and network efficiency by up to 18% under the worst-case pandemic scenario. Also, the implemented forecasting algorithm performs better than other methods based on R2, RMSE, MSE, and MAE metrics. Lastly, a comprehensive analysis is performed on the computational results obtained, which derives some practical managerial insights.
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