Research Policy最新文献_第8页

Secondhand social capital and idea quality in open innovation communities 开放式创新社区的二手社会资本与创意质量

IF 8 1区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Research Policy

Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105332

Elisa Mattarelli , Aaron Schecter , Pamela Hinds , Noshir Contractor

Open innovation communities provide valuable opportunities for creators from diverse backgrounds to collaboratively generate and refine new ideas that companies can implement in new products or services. However, many submitted ideas in these communities are underdeveloped or misaligned with companies' expectations, raising questions about what drives high-quality ideas and, more specifically, innovation potential. We focus on the role of secondhand social capital, i.e., the indirect network benefits an idea accrues through feedback from providers who are themselves actively engaged with other influential ideas in the community. While prior research has explored ego-centric or first-hand networks, we extend this work by examining how an idea's position within feedback networks shapes its elaboration and innovation potential. We argue that feedback from highly connected feedback providers confers greater visibility, legitimacy, and alignment with community expectations, thereby enhancing the quality of an idea. Using data from an open innovation platform for vehicle design, we find that secondhand social capital significantly predicts higher-quality ideas. By contrast, traditional measures of network constraint (e.g., closure, structural holes) are not consistently and significantly associated with idea quality. Further, our analysis suggests that when feedback is constructive and encouraging, the effect of secondhand social capital is stronger. Our findings contribute to theory by identifying secondhand social capital as a key mechanism linking network structure and idea quality. More broadly, this research bridges micro-level creativity and macro-level innovation literatures by emphasizing feedback through secondhand social capital as a linchpin connecting idea generation and implementation in decentralized, collaborative environments.

开放的创新社区为来自不同背景的创造者提供了宝贵的机会，让他们共同产生和完善新想法，公司可以在新产品或服务中实施这些新想法。然而，在这些社区中提交的许多想法都不发达，或者与公司的期望不符，这引发了一个问题：是什么驱动了高质量的想法，更具体地说，是什么驱动了创新潜力。我们关注的是二手社会资本的作用，也就是说，一个想法通过积极参与社区中其他有影响力的想法的提供者的反馈而产生的间接网络收益。虽然先前的研究已经探索了以自我为中心或第一手网络，但我们通过研究一个想法在反馈网络中的位置如何影响其阐述和创新潜力来扩展这项工作。我们认为，来自高度联系的反馈提供者的反馈赋予了更大的可见性、合法性和与社区期望的一致性，从而提高了想法的质量。利用汽车设计开放式创新平台的数据，我们发现二手社会资本显著预测更高质量的创意。相比之下，传统的网络约束措施（例如，封闭性、结构性漏洞）与创意质量并没有一致和显著的联系。此外，我们的分析表明，当反馈具有建设性和鼓励性时，二手社会资本的作用更强。研究发现，二手社会资本是影响网络结构和创意质量的重要因素。更广泛地说，本研究通过强调二手社会资本反馈是在分散、协作环境中连接创意产生和实施的关键，将微观层面的创造力和宏观层面的创新文献联系起来。

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引用次数: 0

The political context of public sector innovation: A critical interpretive synthesis on Ukraine 公共部门创新的政治背景：对乌克兰的关键解释综合

IF 8 1区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Research Policy

Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105322

Emre Cinar , Oksana Prodius , Ivan Sokoly , Sercan Ozcan , Ali Asker Guenduez

Innovation often sparks power struggles, redistributes resources, and challenges entrenched institutional legacies. Yet the role of power dynamics embedded in political contexts, particularly in non-Western countries, in shaping public sector innovation (PSI) has remained underexplored. This study addresses this gap by examining how power dynamics at multiple levels and critical junctures have shaped PSI trajectories over time in Ukraine. Drawing on historical institutionalism and using a context-specific critical interpretive synthesis of 84 studies from 1991 to 2022, we reveal how critical junctures intensified PSI and enabled new innovation priorities. However, these moments were deeply conditioned by existing power dynamics across international, national and subnational political levels. While some innovations contributed to the redistribution of power, others were stalled or fragmented owing to path dependencies. This study makes two primary theoretical contributions: first, it reconceptualizes political context as a dynamic, multilevel arena of vertical and horizontal power contestations that shapes PSI; second, it extends PSI theory by demonstrating how critical junctures operate as temporally bounded periods of constrained agency, cumulatively shaping innovation trajectories. These insights advance our understanding of the complex interplays between political contexts, power dynamics, and temporality in PSI.

创新往往会引发权力斗争，重新分配资源，并挑战根深蒂固的制度遗产。然而，在政治背景下，特别是在非西方国家，权力动态在塑造公共部门创新（PSI）方面的作用仍未得到充分探索。本研究通过研究乌克兰多层次和关键时刻的权力动态如何影响PSI轨迹来解决这一差距。我们借鉴历史制度主义，对1991年至2022年的84项研究进行了具体情境的批判性解释综合，揭示了关键时刻如何强化PSI并实现新的创新重点。然而，这些时刻深受国际、国家和国家以下各级现有权力动态的制约。虽然一些创新有助于权力的再分配，但由于路径依赖，其他创新停滞不前或支离破碎。本研究做出了两个主要的理论贡献：首先，它将政治背景重新定义为一个动态的、多层次的垂直和水平权力争夺的舞台，它塑造了PSI；其次，它扩展了PSI理论，展示了关键节点如何作为受约束代理的暂时有限时期运作，累积形成创新轨迹。这些见解促进了我们对PSI中政治背景、权力动态和时间性之间复杂相互作用的理解。

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引用次数: 0

How do CEOs seek advice from CMOs vs. CTOs in radical innovation decision making under uncertainty? 在不确定的情况下，在激进创新决策中，ceo如何向cmo和cto寻求建议？

IF 8 1区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Research Policy

Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105324

Ralf Wilden , Nidthida Lin , Francesco Chirico , Saad Khan

In situations of high uncertainty, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) advice seeking is of critical importance to access additional knowledge to inform their strategic decisions, such as in relation to radical innovation. Yet, little research has investigated the underlying mechanisms of CEO advice seeking in radical innovation decisions – especially when CEOs face conflicting advice. Using data from two discrete choice experiments (249 CEOs and 155 CEOs, respectively), complemented by ten qualitative interviews with CEOs, Chief Marketing Officers (CMOs) and Chief Technology Officers (CTOs), we investigate how conflicting advice from CMOs and CTOs affects CEO choices in radical innovation projects, contingent on various degrees of market and technological uncertainty. Subsequently, by using additional survey data (166 CEOs), we assess how external advice seeking affects the relationship between advice seeking from CTOs and CMOs and firms' radical innovation performance under market and technological uncertainty. Given conflicting CMO vs. CTO advice, our results indicate that when a radical innovation project is characterized by high technological uncertainty, CEOs are more likely to choose radical innovation projects that the CTO supports, even if the CMO does not. Yet, surprisingly, we do not find that CEOs' radical innovation decisions are affected by CMOs' supporting advice when an innovation project faces high market uncertainty. Finally, we find that the positive effect of CEO advice seeking from CMOs (CTOs) on firms' radical innovation performance is strengthened if the CEO also seeks external advice under high market (technological) uncertainty.

在高度不确定的情况下，寻求首席执行官（CEO）的建议对于获取额外的知识来为其战略决策提供信息至关重要，例如与激进创新有关的知识。然而，很少有研究调查CEO在激进创新决策中寻求建议的潜在机制——尤其是当CEO面临相互矛盾的建议时。利用来自两个离散选择实验（分别为249位CEO和155位CEO）的数据，辅以对CEO、首席营销官（cmo）和首席技术官（cto）的10次定性访谈，我们调查了cmo和cto相互冲突的建议如何影响激进创新项目中CEO的选择，这取决于不同程度的市场和技术不确定性。随后，通过额外的调查数据（166位ceo），我们评估了在市场和技术不确定性下，外部建议寻求如何影响cto和cmo建议寻求与企业激进创新绩效之间的关系。考虑到CMO和CTO意见的冲突，我们的结果表明，当一个激进创新项目的特点是高技术不确定性时，即使CMO不支持，ceo也更有可能选择CTO支持的激进创新项目。然而，令人惊讶的是，当创新项目面临较高的市场不确定性时，我们没有发现首席执行官的激进创新决策受到首席营销官支持建议的影响。最后，我们发现，在高市场（技术）不确定性的情况下，如果CEO同时寻求外部建议，CEO寻求cmo （cto）建议对企业突破性创新绩效的正向影响会增强。

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引用次数: 0

Beyond automation: The multifaceted impact of advanced digital technologies on employment dynamics 超越自动化：先进数字技术对就业动态的多方面影响

IF 8 1区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Research Policy

Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105321

Hyunbae Chun , Donghan Shin

This study investigates the employment effects of the firm-level adoption of advanced digital technologies (ADTs), such as artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing, and Internet of Things. In contrast to previous research that focuses on individual ADTs, we highlight the role of the simultaneous adoption of multiple ADTs and the motivations underlying this adoption. By integrating matched employer–employee data on job flows with firm-level ADT adoption records, we find that ADT adoption increases net job growth primarily by boosting new hires. This hiring-margin-driven employment effect remains consistent when ADTs are adopted in bundles or used for market creation (i.e., product and service development, sales, and marketing). Consequently, a positive employment effect is found only in the service sector, where multiple ADTs are more actively leveraged for market creation than in the manufacturing sector. Our results suggest that the reasons behind the contrasting empirical findings can be better understood by examining how firms practically utilize ADTs to enhance complementarities.

本研究探讨了企业层面采用先进数字技术（ADTs）对就业的影响，如人工智能、大数据、云计算和物联网。与之前关注单个adt的研究相反，我们强调了同时采用多个adt的作用以及这种采用背后的动机。通过将工作流动的雇主-雇员数据与公司层面ADT采用记录相结合，我们发现ADT采用主要通过增加新员工来增加净就业增长。当adt被捆绑使用或用于市场创造（即产品和服务开发、销售和营销）时，这种雇佣利润驱动的就业效应仍然是一致的。因此，只有在服务业才会产生积极的就业效应，在服务业中，多个adt比制造业更积极地为市场创造提供杠杆。我们的研究结果表明，通过考察企业如何实际利用adt来增强互补性，可以更好地理解差异实证结果背后的原因。

引用次数: 0

Creating a breakthrough invention: NASA’s internal knowledge generation for the Space Shuttle 创造一项突破性的发明：NASA为航天飞机制造的内部知识

IF 8 1区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Research Policy

Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105313

Raja Roy , Curba Morris Lampert , Francisco Polidoro Jr. , Minyoung Kim

How do organizations create a breakthrough invention by attaining the aspiration level of each performance attribute in the invention? Using an in-depth, historically grounded single-case study of the first reusable spacecraft, the Space Shuttle, we illustrate how NASA generated knowledge through two core mechanisms. First, through oscillation, they attained the aspiration level of a performance attribute before intentionally stepping away and returning to that goal later. Second, through accumulation, they attained the respective aspiration level of a limited number of performance attributes in a design and, over multiple design iterations, generated the knowledge to attain the aspiration level of each of the performance attributes. The findings highlight how knowledge generation at the intersection of oscillation and accumulation underpins breakthrough invention. While the literature has explored oscillation and accumulation separately, through our qualitative study, we uncover a knowledge generation process that integrates both mechanisms. In summary, our exploration of NASA's internal knowledge generation in creating the Space Shuttle advances existing literature by providing new insights into the search for satisficing solutions.

组织如何通过达到发明中每个性能属性的期望水平来创造突破性的发明？通过对首个可重复使用航天器航天飞机进行深入的、基于历史的单一案例研究，我们说明了NASA是如何通过两个核心机制产生知识的。首先，通过振荡，他们达到了一个性能属性的期望水平，然后有意地离开，后来又回到那个目标。其次，通过积累，他们达到了设计中有限数量的性能属性的各自期望水平，并且经过多次设计迭代，产生了达到每个性能属性期望水平的知识。研究结果强调了振荡和积累交叉的知识生成如何支撑突破性发明。虽然文献分别探讨了振荡和积累，但通过我们的定性研究，我们发现了一个整合这两种机制的知识生成过程。总之，我们对NASA在制造航天飞机过程中产生的内部知识的探索，为寻找令人满意的解决方案提供了新的见解，从而推动了现有文献的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Exploratory innovation: A new perspective on family firms' under-diversification puzzle 探索性创新：家族企业多元化不足困境的新视角

IF 8 1区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Research Policy

Pub Date : 2025-09-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105320

Po-Hsuan Hsu , Sterling Huang , Massimo Massa , Yaru Qian , Hong Zhang

We propose a new perspective on family firms' puzzling under-diversification in product spaces: these firms first need to succeed in exploratory innovation so they may diversify into new product markets. We construct a large database of family ownership and patent records of U.S. public firms, and show that family firms produce more exploratory patents than others, a relation that is stronger among under-diversified family firms. In addition, we find that such innovation indeed helps family firms diversify business risks. A causal interpretation of our result is supported by (i) using the property division standard in state-level divorce laws as an instrumental variable and (ii) constructing a propensity score matched sample. This effect is also more pronounced among larger firms, older firms, and firms in industries with faster technology replacement. Our empirical evidence addresses family firms' under-diversification puzzle through the lens of innovation strategies.

我们对家族企业在产品空间中令人困惑的多元化不足提出了一个新的视角：这些企业首先需要在探索性创新中取得成功，这样它们才能在新的产品市场中实现多元化。我们构建了一个包含美国上市公司家族所有权和专利记录的大型数据库，并表明家族企业比其他家族企业产生更多的探索性专利，这种关系在多元化程度较低的家族企业中更为强烈。此外，我们发现这种创新确实有助于家族企业分散经营风险。我们的结果的因果解释支持(i)使用州一级离婚法中的财产分割标准作为工具变量，（ii）构建倾向得分匹配样本。这种效应在较大的企业、较老的企业和技术更新较快的行业中的企业中也更为明显。我们的实证证据通过创新战略的视角解决了家族企业多元化不足的难题。

引用次数: 0

Investor types and campaign dynamics in investment crowdfunding: A herding and collective action perspective 投资众筹中的投资者类型和活动动态：羊群和集体行动视角

IF 8 1区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Research Policy

Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105303

Helen Toxopeus , Friedemann Polzin , Wanxiang Cai , Ronald Huisman

Digitisation has transformed, diversified, and democratised the venture finance field with the rise of investment crowdfunding. Early venture finance markets are characterised by unattractive risk–return propositions and high information asymmetries. The inflow of new investors through crowdfunding has raised concerns regarding the quality of their investment decisions. Herding and information cascades have been at the core of the theoretical explanations of campaign dynamics in investment crowdfunding. However, this interpretation ignores the role of public-good-type externalities produced by early ventures. Based on the assumption that early ventures produce double externalities – knowledge spillovers and sustainable or social impact – we propose viewing (crowd) investor behaviour and campaign dynamics through a herding and a collective action lens. We discuss how herding and collective action can explain investment types, behaviour, and investment crowdfunding dynamics. To understand public–private funding dynamics, we first identified four investor types: idealists, change agents, gain seekers, and professionals. This was done by combining and exploiting multiple datasets of three innovative early ventures' crowdfunding campaigns. Using platform transaction data, we used these types to predict investors' behaviours and to describe campaign dynamics. Using herding and collective action theory, we describe three mechanisms that shape campaign dynamics between types of investors: rational herding, gatekeeping, and reciprocating. We argue that the combination of the two aforementioned theoretical lenses offers an advanced understanding of investment crowdfunding and provides guidance for platforms and regulators to navigate the tension between access to finance for ventures and investor protection. For regulators, our results suggest withdrawing from a ‘one regulation protects all’ approach and instead tailoring measures to different investor types in order to advance digital and democratised early venture finance, taking into account private and public returns on their investment.

随着投资众筹的兴起，数字化已经改变了风险融资领域，使其多样化和民主化。早期风险融资市场的特点是风险回报命题缺乏吸引力，信息高度不对称。通过众筹方式涌入的新投资者引发了人们对其投资决策质量的担忧。羊群效应和信息级联效应一直是投资众筹活动动态理论解释的核心。然而，这种解释忽略了早期企业产生的公共产品类型外部性的作用。基于早期企业产生双重外部性——知识溢出和可持续或社会影响——的假设，我们建议通过羊群和集体行动的视角来观察（群体）投资者的行为和活动动态。我们讨论羊群和集体行动如何解释投资类型、行为和投资众筹动态。为了理解公私融资动态，我们首先确定了四种投资者类型：理想主义者、变革推动者、寻求收益者和专业人士。这是通过结合和利用三个创新的早期企业众筹活动的多个数据集来完成的。使用平台交易数据，我们使用这些类型来预测投资者的行为并描述活动动态。利用羊群效应和集体行动理论，我们描述了三种影响不同类型投资者之间运动动态的机制：理性羊群效应、守门人效应和往复效应。我们认为，上述两种理论视角的结合提供了对投资众筹的高级理解，并为平台和监管机构提供了指导，以应对企业融资渠道与投资者保护之间的紧张关系。对于监管机构来说，我们的研究结果建议放弃“一项监管保护所有人”的做法，而是针对不同的投资者类型量身定制措施，以推进数字化和民主化的早期风险融资，同时考虑到私人和公共投资的回报。

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引用次数: 0

The political extremes and innovation: How support for extreme parties shapes overall and green scientific research and technological innovation in Europe 政治极端与创新：对极端政党的支持如何影响欧洲整体的绿色科学研究和技术创新

IF 8 1区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Research Policy

Pub Date : 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105307

Andrés Rodríguez-Pose , Zhuoying You , Peter Teirlinck

This paper explores the relationship between support for extreme political parties and research and innovation across regions in the European Union (EU). Extreme parties often exhibit deep scepticism towards expertise and science, with extreme right-wing parties, in particular, challenging the legitimacy of climate change; an attitude that may weaken green research and innovation. We draw on data from 1137 EU regions —including scientific publication and patent records— and apply Tobit regression models to find that stronger support for extreme parties is associated with lower levels of scientific research and technological innovation, both overall and in their green forms. While this pattern is visible across the political spectrum, important differences emerge. Support for extreme right-wing parties is consistently tied to reduced research output and innovation performance, particularly in green technological sectors. By contrast, the relationship with extreme left-wing support is more variable, depending on the degree of radicalism, and shows no consistent negative connection with green innovation.

本文探讨了欧盟各地区对极端政党的支持与研究创新之间的关系。极端政党往往对专业知识和科学表现出深深的怀疑，尤其是极右翼政党，他们质疑气候变化的合法性；这种态度可能会削弱绿色研究和创新。我们利用来自1137个欧盟地区的数据——包括科学出版物和专利记录——并应用Tobit回归模型发现，对极端政党的更强支持与整体和绿色形式的较低科学研究和技术创新水平相关。虽然这种模式在整个政治领域都很明显，但也出现了重要的差异。对极右翼政党的支持一直与研究产出和创新表现的减少联系在一起，尤其是在绿色技术领域。相比之下，与极左支持的关系变化较大，取决于激进程度，与绿色创新没有一致的负相关关系。

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引用次数: 0

“Talk social sciences to me”: Enhancing the dissemination of social sciences through mass media engagement “与我谈社会科学”：透过大众传媒的参与，加强社会科学的传播

IF 8 1区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Research Policy

Pub Date : 2025-08-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105291

Quentin Plantec , Julien Cloarec , Cylien Gibert , Marie-Alix Deval

This study examines mass media communication as a vital yet under-explored channel for disseminating social sciences. Drawing on the knowledge transfer and science communication literature, we identify specific Social Sciences Communication Barriers (SSCBs) that may hinder the effectiveness of mass media in this regard. These barriers include perceptions of lower expertise compared to STEM fields, heightened competition from non-academics, and difficulties aligning disciplinary expertise with public expectations. By means of a between-subjects experiment, we analyse responses to op-eds written by social scientists in economics, management science and sociology on business-related topics. Using a representative French sample (n = 1080), complemented by replication studies in two other European contexts, we find that social scientists benefit from an “academic premium” in terms of credibility that significantly enhances engagement with their audiences, thus supporting the effectiveness of mass media as a dissemination channel—but solely when addressing topics aligned with their disciplinary expertise. Conversely, this premium is diminished when academics also act as consultants. This study addresses calls for further research on knowledge dissemination in the social sciences and offers insights for scholars, institutions, and policymakers.

本研究探讨大众传媒传播作为传播社会科学的重要但尚未开发的渠道。根据知识转移和科学传播文献，我们确定了可能阻碍大众媒体在这方面有效性的特定社会科学传播障碍（SSCBs）。这些障碍包括与STEM领域相比，专业知识水平较低的看法，来自非学术界的竞争加剧，以及难以将学科专业知识与公众期望保持一致。通过受试者间实验，我们分析了对经济学、管理学和社会学领域的社会科学家就商业相关主题撰写的专栏文章的回应。通过使用具有代表性的法国样本（n = 1080），并辅以在另外两个欧洲背景下的复制研究，我们发现社会科学家在可信度方面受益于“学术溢价”，这大大提高了与受众的接触，从而支持了大众媒体作为传播渠道的有效性——但仅在解决与他们的学科专业知识一致的主题时。相反，当学者也担任顾问时，这种溢价就会减少。本研究提出了进一步研究社会科学知识传播的需求，并为学者、机构和政策制定者提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Does public R&D funding reinforce regional disparities? Exploring the changing geography of public and business R&D expenditure in Europe 公共研发资助是否加剧了地区差距？探索欧洲公共和商业研发支出的地理变化

IF 8 1区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Research Policy

Pub Date : 2025-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105312

Rune Dahl Fitjar

The concentration of R&D investments in regions with strong local capabilities helps these regions pull further ahead in the innovation economy, driving spatial inequality. While there is growing awareness of this geographic dark side of innovation, the role of public R&D funding has largely been overlooked. Yet, the unintended spatial effects of public R&D funding tend to far outweigh the impacts of regional policy (Sternberg, 1996). Public R&D spending is often concentrated in developed regions, meaning that it may in practice work as an anti-regional policy (Forth and Jones, 2020). This paper examines the geography of public R&D funding in European subnational regions and its development over time, using data from Eurostat for 200 regions between 2009 and 2018. First, the paper examines which regions attract public R&D funding. More developed regions tend to receive more public R&D funding, mainly because of their higher business R&D funding and human capital. Second, the paper analyses whether public R&D funding is converging across regions. There is unconditional beta-convergence in public R&D expenditure but no evidence of sigma-convergence. For business R&D expenditure, the initial disparities are higher but there is evidence of both beta- and sigma-convergence. The paper concludes that public R&D funding tends to direct resources towards more well-endowed regions and shows no signs of sigma-convergence. Research and policy addressing regional inequality and the dark side of innovation should pay more attention to the spatial distribution also of public R&D funding.

研发投资集中在本地能力较强的地区，有助于这些地区在创新经济中进一步领先，从而加剧了空间不平等。虽然越来越多的人意识到创新的地理黑暗面，但公共研发资金的作用在很大程度上被忽视了。然而，公共研发资金的意外空间效应往往远远超过区域政策的影响（Sternberg, 1996）。公共研发支出通常集中在发达地区，这意味着它在实践中可能作为一种反区域政策起作用（Forth和Jones， 2020）。本文使用欧盟统计局2009年至2018年200个地区的数据，研究了欧洲次国家地区公共研发资金的地理分布及其随时间的发展。首先，本文考察了哪些地区吸引了公共研发资金。更发达的地区往往会获得更多的公共研发资金，主要是因为他们有更高的商业研发资金和人力资本。其次，分析了公共研发经费是否存在区域趋同现象。公共研发支出存在无条件的β收敛，但没有sigma收敛的证据。对于企业研发支出，初始差异较大，但有证据表明贝塔和西格玛收敛。本文的结论是，公共研发资金倾向于将资源导向条件较好的地区，并且没有西格玛收敛的迹象。解决区域不平等和创新黑暗面的研究和政策应更多地关注公共研发资金的空间分布。

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引用次数: 0