American Psychologist最新文献

Parental depression is a well-established risk factor for depression in offspring. This intergenerational transmission involves a diverse array of mechanisms, both familial and environmental, working at different levels to increase depression in offspring. To identify modifiable mechanisms for depression among this heterogeneity, recent work has turned to neurobiological measures as more proximal indicators of risk. Indeed, there is emerging evidence that one point of convergence for multiple proposed mechanisms of intergenerational transmission may be the effect they have on the developing brain. In this narrative review, we discuss research that has examined associations between familial and environmental influences and offspring brain function, focusing specifically on direct neural measures of cognitive control, motivation, and affective processing. We first survey evidence indicating that genes, gestational stress, parenting, and stress exposure are associated with alterations in these neural measures from infancy to young adulthood. We then present a preliminary conceptual model outlining the roles of altered neural indices of cognitive control, motivation, and affective processing in pathways from parental depression to offspring depression and discuss future research avenues addressing limitations of the existing research. Finally, we conclude by discussing the potential of this research to inform the development of targeted preventive interventions aimed at disrupting the intergenerational transmission of depression. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

This award is given to a psychologist whose research has led to important discoveries or developments in the field of applied psychology. The 2024 award winner is Pim Cuijpers. When we try to determine how to serve our clients, the key question is 'What works?' Pim Cuijpers has done more to answer this for mental health disorders, particularly depression, than any other researcher in the world. He has transformed the use of meta-analysis for examining treatment outcomes and led the movement to systematically organize, rigorously evaluate, and interpret the vast research evaluating interventions for mental health disorders. The importance of his work is reflected in his over 950 publications and his recognition as the top author and expert in the world in psychiatry/psychology, psychotherapy, and depression. His work guides clinicians and policymakers throughout the world on how to best treat people dealing with mental health conditions. Dr. Cuijpers and his team have now created a database including all relevant randomized control trials in the treatment of depression and other areas that allows anyone to access and conduct meta-analyses instantly through a simple, user-friendly interface. This is truly a paradigm-shifting development that changes how we understand treatment and how quickly we can improve care using this growing body of research. These substantial contributions, as well as Dr. Cuijpers's mentorship, commitment to public service, and willingness to elevate others, demonstrate that none is more worthy of this honor. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The APA/APAGS Award for Distinguished Graduate Student in Professional Psychology is awarded on an annual basis by the APA Board of Professional Affairs and the American Psychological Association of Graduate Students (APAGS) to a graduate student who has demonstrated outstanding practice and application of psychology. Sarah C. Leighton is a joint winner of the 2024 awawrd, in recognition of her outstanding practice and application of psychology through her exemplary work with individuals with disabilities and service dogs. Her career spans both academic and practitioner settings, providing her with invaluable insights into the complexities of the complementary intervention of service dog partnership for people with disabilities. With a decade of experience as a leader at the world's largest service dog organization, Ms. Leighton is a knowledgeable expert in her field, recognized for her innovative thinking and strong work ethic. Thanks to her extensive hands-on experience, Ms. Leighton has helped spearhead collaborative partnerships with service dog providers and study advisory panels composed of community populations. Her work on this topic with an interdisciplinary research group at the University of Arizona has been published in a variety of interdisciplinary journals, presented at national and international conferences, and directly contributed to new and revised federal and state legislation. Ms. Leighton is active in her local community, bridging research and practice as a volunteer for the service dog puppy-raising program at the Federal Correctional Institution in Tucson, Arizona. She is passionate about refining the service dog intervention to be as effective as possible, deeply committed to dismantling societal barriers to access and belonging, and dedicated to promoting a culture of inclusion. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The standard model of theory of mind posits that we attribute mental states to other people to explain their behavior. However, what of cases in which we think the other person is being scripted, acting automatically with no goals or beliefs to recover? While a great deal of past work has distinguished between automatic and reflective behaviors in one's own decision making, here we argue that reasoning about automatic behavior in other people is an important and largely unexplored area in research into theory of mind. We report results from two studies (N = 4,528 total) that examine the detection of automatic behavior in others. In Study 1, we conducted a large-scale survey characterizing the ubiquity of rote interactions in people's daily lives. In Study 2, we showed participants short video clips from a variety of domains and found that people quickly and reliably attribute automaticity to others and that automaticity judgments are distinct from other related behavioral attributions. On the basis of our findings, we suggest that reasoning about scripted behavior in others is an important, frequent, intuitive inference and propose extensions to the current research in intuitive psychology to study it further. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Research on misinformation has exploded over the past decade in psychology and other disciplines. Much research has been conducted about which variables are associated with the initial acceptance of misinformation (i.e., false statements such as "Venice is the capital of Italy") and which variables are associated with its correction ("No. Rome is the capital of Italy"). A largely independent literature exists about which variables are associated with the initial acceptance of attitudinal claims (i.e., opinion statements such as "Rome is a beautiful city") and their correction (e.g., "No, Rome is not a beautiful city"). This article addresses whether the variables impacting the acceptance of factual claims (often expressed as truth judgments) and opinion claims (often expressed as evaluative judgments) are the same. Concluding that these assessments are mostly impacted similarly by the same variables (e.g., source credibility, claim repetition), it is argued that these two seemingly separate literatures should be integrated into one science of persuasion, at least for studies aimed at making general contributions. Finally, findings from the attitudes literature that potentially can inform the misinformation literature and vice versa are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The Early Career Awards, given for the first time in 1974, recognize the large number of excellent early career psychologists. Recipients of this award may not have held a doctoral degree for more than nine years. For insightful and cutting-edge research on the growth and development of racially and ethnically minoritized youth, Yijie Wang is a 2024 award winner. Wang's innovative scholarship places particular attention on the sociocultural assets that youth possess across school, peer, and family contexts that serve promotive and protective roles against discrimination and other cultural stressors, combating entrenched deficit models. Her multimethodological approaches represent the forefront of statistical analyses and integration of complex multilevel, multimodal data sources. She has pioneered research on the intersection of peer and familial ethnic and racial socialization, unpacking how they independently and conjointly matter for ethnic-racial identity development, academic performance, and socioemotional well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The APA/APAGS Award for Distinguished Graduate Student in Professional Psychology is awarded on an annual basis by the APA Board of Professional Affairs and the American Psychological Association of Graduate Students (APAGS) to a graduate student who has demonstrated outstanding practice and application of psychology. A qualified candidate must demonstrate exemplary performance in working with an underserved population in an applied setting or have developed an innovative method for delivering health services to an underserved population. When two graduate students are equally qualified, the award may be shared. The 2024 recipients of the APA/APAGS Award for Distinguished Graduate Student in Professional Psychology were selected by the 2023 Board of Professional Affairs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The Psi Chi/APA Edwin B. Newman Graduate Research Award is given jointly by APA and Psi Chi for the best paper published or presented by a graduate student at the APA or Psi Chi convention or at any regional or state psychological association meeting held between January 1 and December 31 of the previous calendar year. This award is given to Logan T. Smith for an exceptional research paper titled, 'Social Jetlag and Trajectories of Mood Symptoms and Reward Responsiveness in Individuals at Low-Risk, High-Risk, and With Bipolar Spectrum Disorders: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.' The research for the article was conducted at Temple University with faculty research advisor Lauren B. Alloy, PhD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Research and theory on the role of top-down self-regulation (TDSR) in children's developmental outcomes has received considerable attention in the last few decades. In this review, we distinguish TDSR (and overlapping self-regulatory processes) from bottom-up regulation. With a particular focus on Eisenberg et al.'s body of work, we review evidence for the role of individual differences in children's TDSR to a variety of developmental outcomes. Children's TDSR processes are consistently inversely related to externalizing problems and internalizing problems, although less consistently for the latter. Moreover, TDSR processes are positively associated with social competence, empathy-related responding and prosocial outcomes, and school-related outcomes. We briefly review complexities in these associations, such as bidirectional relations, mediators, and moderators. Key areas for future work are also discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Research on judgment and decision making typically studies "small worlds"-highly simplified and stylized tasks such as monetary gambles-among homogenous populations rather than big real-life decisions made by people around the globe. These transformative life decisions (e.g., whether or not to emigrate or flee a country, disclose one's sexual orientation, get divorced, or report a sexual assault) can shape lives. This article argues that rather than reducing such consequential decisions to fit small-world models, researchers need to analyze their real-world properties. Drawing on principles of bounded and ecological rationality, it proposes a framework that identifies five dimensions of transformative life decisions: conflicting cues, change of self, uncertain experiential value, irreversibility, and risk. The framework also specifies simple, versatile choice strategies that address these dimensions by, for instance, breaking down a decision into steps, avoiding trade-offs between present and future selves, or sampling others' experiences. Finally, it suggests benchmarks for assessing the rationality of transformative life decisions. Methodologically, this framework adapts a long tradition of mainly lab-based judgment and decision-making research to a text-based approach, thereby setting the stage for empirical work that analyzes real-world decisions using natural-language processing. Only by understanding decisions with the potential to transform life trajectories-and people in the process-will it be possible to develop encompassing and inclusive theories of human decision making. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).