Pub Date : 2024-02-23DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad2949
René Ledesma-Alonso, Guillermo Becerra-Nuñez
In this work, a simple methodology to follow the behavior of motorized urban vehicles, from the point of view of personal finances, is presented. Including the acquisition of a new vehicle, the analysis considers the driving distance per week, the average speed, the time spent at rest due to traffic conditions, the evolution of gasoline and electric energy prices, maintenance and services, and local taxes. Herein, two low-range compact vehicles were chosen and compared: one powered by combustion of gasoline, and the other by electric energy stored in batteries. Historical data and trend projections, according to inflation and prices evolution, are taken into consideration. The developed model may help to select adequately a new vehicle, according to the user’s needs. A good choice depends strongly on the usage and traffic conditions, the electric vehicle being suitable for large weekly driving distances and heavy traffic, whereas the gasoline vehicle is preferred for short distances and light traffic. The expenses of the vehicles are compared through time, with different scenarios envisaged according to the user’s resolution to keep the vehicle for the entire lifespan or to sell it quickly.
{"title":"Electric or gasoline: a simple model to decide when buying a new vehicle","authors":"René Ledesma-Alonso, Guillermo Becerra-Nuñez","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad2949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad2949","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a simple methodology to follow the behavior of motorized urban vehicles, from the point of view of personal finances, is presented. Including the acquisition of a new vehicle, the analysis considers the driving distance per week, the average speed, the time spent at rest due to traffic conditions, the evolution of gasoline and electric energy prices, maintenance and services, and local taxes. Herein, two low-range compact vehicles were chosen and compared: one powered by combustion of gasoline, and the other by electric energy stored in batteries. Historical data and trend projections, according to inflation and prices evolution, are taken into consideration. The developed model may help to select adequately a new vehicle, according to the user’s needs. A good choice depends strongly on the usage and traffic conditions, the electric vehicle being suitable for large weekly driving distances and heavy traffic, whereas the gasoline vehicle is preferred for short distances and light traffic. The expenses of the vehicles are compared through time, with different scenarios envisaged according to the user’s resolution to keep the vehicle for the entire lifespan or to sell it quickly.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140008932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-22DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad2625
Philipp Thamer, Sanchayan Banerjee, Peter John
Meat-based diets are carbon-intensive and incompatible with Paris climate targets. Reducing meat consumption is essential to mitigate climate change. Behavioural nudges, which present structured choices to citizens, have been increasingly used to reduce meat demand. But they face ethical challenges and limits when scaling up. We test if encouraging people to reflect after nudging improves the effectiveness of a nudge. We design and administer a novel randomised controlled trial in a German university cafeteria, lasting for five weeks (Nparticipants = 129,Nmeals = 645). In week 1, we measure baseline dietary behaviours. In week 2, we introduce a labelling nudge in the cafeteria. Subsequently, in weeks 3 & 4, we assign participants randomly to three experimental conditions: a control group that continues to receive the labelling nudge and two treatment groups that get the labelling nudge with an opportunity to reflect, either on the nudge (nudge+ 1) or their own preferences (nudge+ 2). All treatments are discontinued in week 5. In the pooled sample, controlling for period fixed effects, we find that the labelling nudge is not associated with meaningful changes in meat-demand over time. Nonetheless, being encouraged to reflect reduces meat-demand significantly compared to the nudge—the nudge+ 1 reduces chances of buying a meat-based item in the cafeteria by 5% (μ = −0.25, 95% CI = [−0.49,−0.36]) whereas the nudge+ 2 reduces it by 7% (μ = −0.35, 95% CI = [−0.61,−0.08]). These treatment effects attenuate when the interventions are discontinued. We recommend that combining reflection with nudging can improve the uptake of climate-friendly diets, at least in the short-term.
{"title":"Pledging after nudging improves uptake of plant-based diets: a field experiment in a German university cafeteria","authors":"Philipp Thamer, Sanchayan Banerjee, Peter John","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad2625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad2625","url":null,"abstract":"Meat-based diets are carbon-intensive and incompatible with Paris climate targets. Reducing meat consumption is essential to mitigate climate change. Behavioural nudges, which present structured choices to citizens, have been increasingly used to reduce meat demand. But they face ethical challenges and limits when scaling up. We test if encouraging people to reflect after nudging improves the effectiveness of a nudge. We design and administer a novel randomised controlled trial in a German university cafeteria, lasting for five weeks (<italic toggle=\"yes\">N</italic>\u0000<sub>\u0000<italic toggle=\"yes\">participants</italic>\u0000</sub> = 129<italic toggle=\"yes\">,N</italic>\u0000<sub>\u0000<italic toggle=\"yes\">meals</italic>\u0000</sub> = 645). In week 1, we measure baseline dietary behaviours. In week 2, we introduce a labelling nudge in the cafeteria. Subsequently, in weeks 3 & 4, we assign participants randomly to three experimental conditions: a control group that continues to receive the labelling nudge and two treatment groups that get the labelling nudge with an opportunity to reflect, either on the nudge (nudge+ 1) or their own preferences (nudge+ 2). All treatments are discontinued in week 5. In the pooled sample, controlling for period fixed effects, we find that the labelling nudge is not associated with meaningful changes in meat-demand over time. Nonetheless, being encouraged to reflect reduces meat-demand significantly compared to the nudge—the nudge+ 1 reduces chances of buying a meat-based item in the cafeteria by 5% (<italic toggle=\"yes\">μ</italic> = −0.25, 95% CI = [−0.49,−0.36]) whereas the nudge+ 2 reduces it by 7% (<italic toggle=\"yes\">μ</italic> = −0.35, 95% CI = [−0.61,−0.08]). These treatment effects attenuate when the interventions are discontinued. We recommend that combining reflection with nudging can improve the uptake of climate-friendly diets, at least in the short-term.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140009073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad248f
Hatef Dastour, Quazi K Hassan
Accurate prediction of fire spread is considered crucial for facilitating effective fire management, enabling proactive planning, and efficient allocation of resources. This study places its focus on wildfires in two regions of Alberta, Fort McMurray and Slave Lake, in Southwest Canada. For the simulation of wildfire spread, an adapted fire propagation model was employed, incorporating MODIS datasets such as land surface temperature, land cover, land use, and integrated climate data. The pixels were classified as burned or unburned in relation to the 2011 Slave Lake wildfire and the initial 16 days of the 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire, utilizing defined starting points and the aforementioned specified datasets. The simulation for the 2011 Slave Lake wildfire achieved an weighted average precision, recall, and f1-scores of 0.989, 0.986, and 0.987, respectively. Additionally, macro-averaged scores across these three phases were 0.735, 0.829, and 0.774 for precision, recall, and F1-scores, respectively. The simulation of the 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire introduced a phased analysis, dividing the initial 16 days into three distinct periods. This approach led to average precision, recall, and f1-scores of 0.958, 0.933, and 0.942 across these phases. Additionally, macro-averaged scores across these three phases were 0.681, 0.772, and 0.710 for precision, recall, and F1-scores, respectively. The strategy of segmenting simulations into phases may enhance adaptability to dynamic factors like weather conditions and firefighting strategies.
准确预测火灾蔓延被认为是促进有效火灾管理、实现积极规划和高效资源分配的关键。本研究的重点是加拿大西南部阿尔伯塔省麦克默里堡和斯拉夫湖两个地区的野火。在模拟野火蔓延时，采用了一个经过改编的火灾传播模型，并结合了 MODIS 数据集，如地表温度、土地覆盖、土地利用和综合气候数据。利用定义的起点和上述指定数据集，将 2011 年奴隶湖野火和 2016 年麦克默里堡野火最初 16 天的像素划分为已燃烧和未燃烧。2011 年奴隶湖野火的模拟加权平均精度、召回率和 f1 分数分别为 0.989、0.986 和 0.987。此外，这三个阶段的精度、召回率和 F1 分数的宏观平均值分别为 0.735、0.829 和 0.774。对 2016 年麦克默里堡野火的模拟引入了分阶段分析，将最初的 16 天分为三个不同的时期。这种方法使这些阶段的平均精确度、召回率和 F1 分数分别达到 0.958、0.933 和 0.942。此外，这三个阶段的精度、召回率和 F1 分数的宏观平均值分别为 0.681、0.772 和 0.710。将模拟分为不同阶段的策略可提高对天气条件和灭火策略等动态因素的适应性。
{"title":"Utilizing MODIS remote sensing and integrated data for forest fire spread modeling in the southwest region of canada","authors":"Hatef Dastour, Quazi K Hassan","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad248f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad248f","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate prediction of fire spread is considered crucial for facilitating effective fire management, enabling proactive planning, and efficient allocation of resources. This study places its focus on wildfires in two regions of Alberta, Fort McMurray and Slave Lake, in Southwest Canada. For the simulation of wildfire spread, an adapted fire propagation model was employed, incorporating MODIS datasets such as land surface temperature, land cover, land use, and integrated climate data. The pixels were classified as burned or unburned in relation to the 2011 Slave Lake wildfire and the initial 16 days of the 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire, utilizing defined starting points and the aforementioned specified datasets. The simulation for the 2011 Slave Lake wildfire achieved an weighted average precision, recall, and f1-scores of 0.989, 0.986, and 0.987, respectively. Additionally, macro-averaged scores across these three phases were 0.735, 0.829, and 0.774 for precision, recall, and F1-scores, respectively. The simulation of the 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire introduced a phased analysis, dividing the initial 16 days into three distinct periods. This approach led to average precision, recall, and f1-scores of 0.958, 0.933, and 0.942 across these phases. Additionally, macro-averaged scores across these three phases were 0.681, 0.772, and 0.710 for precision, recall, and F1-scores, respectively. The strategy of segmenting simulations into phases may enhance adaptability to dynamic factors like weather conditions and firefighting strategies.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139755090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-08DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad23f1
Bikram Pandey, Saroj Koirala, Htay Aung, Rong Li, Arbindra Timilsina, Soe Thaw Thaw Htun, Joacim Kontny, Htun Thiri Naing
Mangroves are highly valued for their ecosystem services, providing a wide range of ecological, social, and economic benefits, including their role as carbon-rich ecosystems. Recent research suggests that preserving mangrove forests can offer a cost-effective strategy for mitigating CO2 emissions. However, extensive deforestation has placed mangrove ecosystems under severe global threats. Currently, the assessment of mangrove restoration outcomes, particularly regarding soil carbon stocks, is inadequate. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of restoration on soil organic carbon (SOC) in Shwe Thaung Yan, Ayeyarwady coastal region of Myanmar. The study aimed to quantify and compare carbon stocks in different soil layers, examine the carbon sequestration potential of various mangrove species, and evaluate the effectiveness of mangrove restoration efforts. Soil samples were collected in 2015 (pre-restoration) and 2021 (post-restoration) at various soil depths and analyzed for SOC concentration, organic matter content, and bulk density using the Loss on Ignition (LOI) procedure. Significant changes in soil properties were observed between 2015 and 2021, with higher SOC and carbon concentrations observed in 2021. The average soil carbon stocks in 2021 (1954.43 ± 33.24 Mg C ha−1) were approximately 2.7 times higher than the estimated carbon stocks in 2015 (732.26 ± 6.99 Mg C ha−1). Furthermore, the study revealed variations in SOC accumulation among different soil depths, with higher carbon stocks found in the upper soil layers. This study highlights the positive impact of mangrove restoration on SOC accumulation and emphasizes the significance of considering soil carbon dynamics in restoration initiatives. The findings offer valuable insights for the conservation and management of mangrove ecosystems, especially concerning their potential for carbon sequestration and their contribution to mitigating climate change.
{"title":"Understanding carbon storage dynamics in Ayeyarwady delta's mangrove ecosystem in Myanmar: insights for restoration efforts","authors":"Bikram Pandey, Saroj Koirala, Htay Aung, Rong Li, Arbindra Timilsina, Soe Thaw Thaw Htun, Joacim Kontny, Htun Thiri Naing","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad23f1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad23f1","url":null,"abstract":"Mangroves are highly valued for their ecosystem services, providing a wide range of ecological, social, and economic benefits, including their role as carbon-rich ecosystems. Recent research suggests that preserving mangrove forests can offer a cost-effective strategy for mitigating CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. However, extensive deforestation has placed mangrove ecosystems under severe global threats. Currently, the assessment of mangrove restoration outcomes, particularly regarding soil carbon stocks, is inadequate. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of restoration on soil organic carbon (SOC) in Shwe Thaung Yan, Ayeyarwady coastal region of Myanmar. The study aimed to quantify and compare carbon stocks in different soil layers, examine the carbon sequestration potential of various mangrove species, and evaluate the effectiveness of mangrove restoration efforts. Soil samples were collected in 2015 (pre-restoration) and 2021 (post-restoration) at various soil depths and analyzed for SOC concentration, organic matter content, and bulk density using the Loss on Ignition (LOI) procedure. Significant changes in soil properties were observed between 2015 and 2021, with higher SOC and carbon concentrations observed in 2021. The average soil carbon stocks in 2021 (1954.43 ± 33.24 Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup>) were approximately 2.7 times higher than the estimated carbon stocks in 2015 (732.26 ± 6.99 Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup>). Furthermore, the study revealed variations in SOC accumulation among different soil depths, with higher carbon stocks found in the upper soil layers. This study highlights the positive impact of mangrove restoration on SOC accumulation and emphasizes the significance of considering soil carbon dynamics in restoration initiatives. The findings offer valuable insights for the conservation and management of mangrove ecosystems, especially concerning their potential for carbon sequestration and their contribution to mitigating climate change.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139755162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-08DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad2490
Jency Maria Sojan, Jayaraman Srinivasan
Extreme humid heat stress poses distinct challenges to human health and productivity that cannot be mitigated solely by heat action plans designed for dry heat stress. This study investigates the trends in extreme heat stress, differentiating between dry and moist heat, in India from 1943 to 2022 using the high-resolution hourly ERA5 reanalysis data. The analysis utilizes the Heat Index (HI) as a key parameter to identify instances of extreme humid heat stress, characterized by HI values exceeding 41 degrees Celsius and relative humidity more than 50%. The findings indicate that certain eastern coastal regions in peninsular India experience extreme humid heat stress from May to June due to persistent high humidity levels. In addition, northwest, northcentral and inland eastern coastal regions encounter extreme dry heat stress preceding the monsoon season, followed by a transition to humid heat stress immediately after the onset of the monsoon. The results also show that there has been a significant increase ofsix times (on average) in the extreme humid heat stress hours per grid over the past 80 years compared to a threefold increase in dry heat stress. Our research underscores the need to shift from exclusively addressing dry heat stress to adopting a comprehensive approach that considers the impacts of humid heat stress.
{"title":"A comparative analysis of accelerating humid and dry heat stress in India","authors":"Jency Maria Sojan, Jayaraman Srinivasan","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad2490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad2490","url":null,"abstract":"Extreme humid heat stress poses distinct challenges to human health and productivity that cannot be mitigated solely by heat action plans designed for dry heat stress. This study investigates the trends in extreme heat stress, differentiating between dry and moist heat, in India from 1943 to 2022 using the high-resolution hourly ERA5 reanalysis data. The analysis utilizes the Heat Index (HI) as a key parameter to identify instances of extreme humid heat stress, characterized by HI values exceeding 41 degrees Celsius and relative humidity more than 50%. The findings indicate that certain eastern coastal regions in peninsular India experience extreme humid heat stress from May to June due to persistent high humidity levels. In addition, northwest, northcentral and inland eastern coastal regions encounter extreme dry heat stress preceding the monsoon season, followed by a transition to humid heat stress immediately after the onset of the monsoon. The results also show that there has been a significant increase ofsix times (on average) in the extreme humid heat stress hours per grid over the past 80 years compared to a threefold increase in dry heat stress. Our research underscores the need to shift from exclusively addressing dry heat stress to adopting a comprehensive approach that considers the impacts of humid heat stress.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139755097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad23f3
Gilbert Mubalama Mugisho, Davier Pierre Swedi, Pamphile Matabaro Enock, Marc Irenge Kalembu, Fabrice Nfuamba Lukeba, Stany Vwima Ngezirabona
The effects of the 2020 floods in Uvira were exacerbated by urban anthropization and climate change. Floods are causing severe human, material, economic, and environmental losses as well as affecting socioeconomic and ecological systems beyond the affected community’s ability. The purpose of this study was to analyze land use changes in Uvira from 1995 to 2021 and to assess the vulnerability and effectiveness of the community’s resilience strategies in response to both the impact of flooding and the risk of future flooding. Data were collected from victims in the municipalities of Kanvinvira and Mulongwe in the city of Uvira, which were severely impacted by the 2020 floods. This study used a mixed approach that combined the spatial analysis of land use and land change with the anthropization of community perceptions of vulnerability and flood mitigation measures. Spatial analysis revealed that anthropogenic land use increased by 4.73% per year between 1995 and 2021. In comparison to the initial surface covered in 1995, this has increased the surface occupied by human activities by 127.7%. Gender, education, and pre-flood professional activity of the household head, combined with pre-flood house construction quality, property ownership, degree of house damage, and family member death, explained households’ resettlement capacity. The Mann–Whitney U test results revealed that households’ vulnerability and resilience to 2020 floods were influenced by their residence municipality (Kanvinvira and Mulongwe) and lifestyle (living at the host site or reintegrating into the community). During and after floods, disaster victims received assistance from the government and stakeholders (churches, civil society, and non-governmental organizations) to mitigate flood effects, but they were unable to restore the lives of hundreds of flood victims. The study’s findings suggest that provincial and local disaster management authorities, as well as stakeholders, should invest in preventive and sustainable flood risk management. Public awareness of flood prevention and mitigation should be increased through capacity-building training, preparedness, and sensitization. Finally, effective adaptation practices are required to reduce future potential damage.
{"title":"Urban anthropization: community vulnerability and resilience to flood hazards in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo","authors":"Gilbert Mubalama Mugisho, Davier Pierre Swedi, Pamphile Matabaro Enock, Marc Irenge Kalembu, Fabrice Nfuamba Lukeba, Stany Vwima Ngezirabona","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad23f3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad23f3","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of the 2020 floods in Uvira were exacerbated by urban anthropization and climate change. Floods are causing severe human, material, economic, and environmental losses as well as affecting socioeconomic and ecological systems beyond the affected community’s ability. The purpose of this study was to analyze land use changes in Uvira from 1995 to 2021 and to assess the vulnerability and effectiveness of the community’s resilience strategies in response to both the impact of flooding and the risk of future flooding. Data were collected from victims in the municipalities of Kanvinvira and Mulongwe in the city of Uvira, which were severely impacted by the 2020 floods. This study used a mixed approach that combined the spatial analysis of land use and land change with the anthropization of community perceptions of vulnerability and flood mitigation measures. Spatial analysis revealed that anthropogenic land use increased by 4.73% per year between 1995 and 2021. In comparison to the initial surface covered in 1995, this has increased the surface occupied by human activities by 127.7%. Gender, education, and pre-flood professional activity of the household head, combined with pre-flood house construction quality, property ownership, degree of house damage, and family member death, explained households’ resettlement capacity. The Mann–Whitney U test results revealed that households’ vulnerability and resilience to 2020 floods were influenced by their residence municipality (Kanvinvira and Mulongwe) and lifestyle (living at the host site or reintegrating into the community). During and after floods, disaster victims received assistance from the government and stakeholders (churches, civil society, and non-governmental organizations) to mitigate flood effects, but they were unable to restore the lives of hundreds of flood victims. The study’s findings suggest that provincial and local disaster management authorities, as well as stakeholders, should invest in preventive and sustainable flood risk management. Public awareness of flood prevention and mitigation should be increased through capacity-building training, preparedness, and sensitization. Finally, effective adaptation practices are required to reduce future potential damage.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"7 12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139755088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad23f2
Tra Mai Ngo, Van Hung Hoang, Huu Tap Van, Hang Nguyen Thi Thuy, Hong Khuat Thi, Nghiem Thi Ha Lien, Nguyen Trong Nghia, Phan Thi Thanh Hang, Vu Duc Toan, Trinh Thi Tham, Nguyen Thi Hoa
This study examines the fly ash from Soc Son municipal waste power plant (SMPP) and suggests ways to repurpose it to reduce its environmental impact. Fly ash from the Soc Son waste power plant has a gray color, spherical particles with a 5–103 μm diameter, and a high carbon and heavy metal content. Bermorite crystals can absorb and release heavy metals, making monitoring secondary pollutants during incineration crucial. The EDX analysis of fly ash from the Soc Son waste power plant revealed that it was predominantly contaminated with metal elements, with the highest percentage of calcium. The EDX was able to detect heavy metals in incinerator fly ash. The concentration of Zn in the fly ash exceeded QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT standards, indicating the high amounts of some elements that may be hazardous to the environment and human health. Using the SEM/EDX and XRF, the fly ash from the Soc Son landfill power plant was analyzed and discovered that it exceeds permissible limits for dangerous heavy elements. The most common inorganic elements are Ca, followed by Zn, Pb, Cd, and Ag. Fly ash is classed as hazardous waste due to its high concentration of heavy metals, which results from the combustion of municipal solid waste that has not been separated. Vietnam fights municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash production. Some nations stabilize fly ash to remove harmful components and use it in buildings. Stabilized fly ash makes unfired construction bricks and cement manufacturing components and combining fly ash with inorganic trash protects the environment.
{"title":"Insights into the composition and properties of fly ash emissions from a municipal solid waste power plant","authors":"Tra Mai Ngo, Van Hung Hoang, Huu Tap Van, Hang Nguyen Thi Thuy, Hong Khuat Thi, Nghiem Thi Ha Lien, Nguyen Trong Nghia, Phan Thi Thanh Hang, Vu Duc Toan, Trinh Thi Tham, Nguyen Thi Hoa","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad23f2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad23f2","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the fly ash from Soc Son municipal waste power plant (SMPP) and suggests ways to repurpose it to reduce its environmental impact. Fly ash from the Soc Son waste power plant has a gray color, spherical particles with a 5–103 <italic toggle=\"yes\">μ</italic>m diameter, and a high carbon and heavy metal content. Bermorite crystals can absorb and release heavy metals, making monitoring secondary pollutants during incineration crucial. The EDX analysis of fly ash from the Soc Son waste power plant revealed that it was predominantly contaminated with metal elements, with the highest percentage of calcium. The EDX was able to detect heavy metals in incinerator fly ash. The concentration of Zn in the fly ash exceeded QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT standards, indicating the high amounts of some elements that may be hazardous to the environment and human health. Using the SEM/EDX and XRF, the fly ash from the Soc Son landfill power plant was analyzed and discovered that it exceeds permissible limits for dangerous heavy elements. The most common inorganic elements are Ca, followed by Zn, Pb, Cd, and Ag. Fly ash is classed as hazardous waste due to its high concentration of heavy metals, which results from the combustion of municipal solid waste that has not been separated. Vietnam fights municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash production. Some nations stabilize fly ash to remove harmful components and use it in buildings. Stabilized fly ash makes unfired construction bricks and cement manufacturing components and combining fly ash with inorganic trash protects the environment.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139755164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad23f0
Ephias Mugari, Nthaduleni S Nethengwe, Anesu Dion Gumbo
Forest products contribute immensely to rural livelihoods and household income. However, their contribution to climate change adaptation in semi-arid areas, and the limited ecosystem management capacities of rural communities are poorly examined. We examined the influence and challenges of cash income derived from forest products on livelihoods and climate change adaptation using data from 130 household surveys, 20 participatory mapping exercises, several in-depth interviews, and field observations in the Limpopo Basin of Botswana. Households derived livelihoods and/or income from Mopane caterpillars, firewood, timber, palm plants, wild fruits, thatch, medicinal plants, natural dyes, natural pastures, and game meat. Mopane caterpillars, firewood, and other forest products featured in the top ten sources of household income and contributed weighted monthly income of BWP 1,647.27 ± 1,519.04, BWP 1,110.02 ± 1,980.05, and BWP 780.56 ± 1,360.32, respectively (US$1 ≈ BWP13.4). A higher proportion of households (62.3%) were in the low-income category, earning income below BWP5,000/month. Income derived from Mopane caterpillars and firewood made a significant difference between low-income and high-income households (p = 0.006). Generally, higher proportions of high-income households adopted climate change adaptation measures than proportions in the low-income category, indicating the influence of cash income on household adaptations. However, significant differences were only observed in cropland expansion, purchasing of supplementary livestock feed, drilling boreholes/wells, and use of drip irrigation (p < 0.05). We discuss the potential threats, such as the unsustainable harvesting of forest products, caused by an increasing need for cash incomes and the interconnectedness with distant urban markets. Such threats add to the institutional and biophysical challenges, further limiting prospects for effective adaptation in the Limpopo Basin of Botswana. We call on the government to capacitate and strengthen traditional authorities—as custodians of local resources—in the regulation, management, and conservation of forest products to make them more sustainable adaptation options.
{"title":"The utilization and contribution of timber and non-timber forest products to livelihoods under a changing climate in the Limpopo River Basin","authors":"Ephias Mugari, Nthaduleni S Nethengwe, Anesu Dion Gumbo","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad23f0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad23f0","url":null,"abstract":"Forest products contribute immensely to rural livelihoods and household income. However, their contribution to climate change adaptation in semi-arid areas, and the limited ecosystem management capacities of rural communities are poorly examined. We examined the influence and challenges of cash income derived from forest products on livelihoods and climate change adaptation using data from 130 household surveys, 20 participatory mapping exercises, several in-depth interviews, and field observations in the Limpopo Basin of Botswana. Households derived livelihoods and/or income from Mopane caterpillars, firewood, timber, palm plants, wild fruits, thatch, medicinal plants, natural dyes, natural pastures, and game meat. Mopane caterpillars, firewood, and other forest products featured in the top ten sources of household income and contributed weighted monthly income of BWP 1,647.27 ± 1,519.04, BWP 1,110.02 ± 1,980.05, and BWP 780.56 ± 1,360.32, respectively (US$1 ≈ BWP13.4). A higher proportion of households (62.3%) were in the low-income category, earning income below BWP5,000/month. Income derived from Mopane caterpillars and firewood made a significant difference between low-income and high-income households (p = 0.006). Generally, higher proportions of high-income households adopted climate change adaptation measures than proportions in the low-income category, indicating the influence of cash income on household adaptations. However, significant differences were only observed in cropland expansion, purchasing of supplementary livestock feed, drilling boreholes/wells, and use of drip irrigation (p < 0.05). We discuss the potential threats, such as the unsustainable harvesting of forest products, caused by an increasing need for cash incomes and the interconnectedness with distant urban markets. Such threats add to the institutional and biophysical challenges, further limiting prospects for effective adaptation in the Limpopo Basin of Botswana. We call on the government to capacitate and strengthen traditional authorities—as custodians of local resources—in the regulation, management, and conservation of forest products to make them more sustainable adaptation options.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139755101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad1b67
Stefan Daume
Extreme weather events linked to climate change are becoming more frequent. The online public discourse on and during these events, especially on social media, attracts misinformation that can undermine short-term emergency responses, but can also be aimed at influencing long-term public perceptions of climate change. This contribution reviews existing research on online misinformation with the aim to understand the types, origins, and potential impacts of misinformation during extreme weather events like storms, floods, and wildfires. The screening of 289 publications reveals that there is scarce body of only 13 studies addressing this question. Relevant studies exploring online misinformation during extreme weather events rarely document misinformation immediately relevant for emergency responses and only recently link this to the discussion about climate change. The reviewed research provides however insights to derive a framework that can guide future research into this topic. Specifically, that misinformation in social media during environmental emergencies 1) cuts across domains and merges different areas of public interest, 2) cuts across temporal and geographical scales, and 3) needs to be studied as part of an interconnected online media landscape. Misinformation differs between emergency event types, can undermine the debate about climate change in diverse ways, appeal to completely different audiences and thus will likely require different responses and countermeasures. Structured research with comparable methodologies is urgently needed.
{"title":"Online misinformation during extreme weather emergencies: short-term information hazard or long-term influence on climate change perceptions?","authors":"Stefan Daume","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad1b67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad1b67","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Extreme weather events linked to climate change are becoming more frequent. The online public discourse on and during these events, especially on social media, attracts misinformation that can undermine short-term emergency responses, but can also be aimed at influencing long-term public perceptions of climate change. This contribution reviews existing research on online misinformation with the aim to understand the types, origins, and potential impacts of misinformation during extreme weather events like storms, floods, and wildfires. The screening of 289 publications reveals that there is scarce body of only 13 studies addressing this question. Relevant studies exploring online misinformation during extreme weather events rarely document misinformation immediately relevant for emergency responses and only recently link this to the discussion about climate change. The reviewed research provides however insights to derive a framework that can guide future research into this topic. Specifically, that misinformation in social media during environmental emergencies 1) cuts across domains and merges different areas of public interest, 2) cuts across temporal and geographical scales, and 3) needs to be studied as part of an interconnected online media landscape. Misinformation differs between emergency event types, can undermine the debate about climate change in diverse ways, appeal to completely different audiences and thus will likely require different responses and countermeasures. Structured research with comparable methodologies is urgently needed.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"2 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139381242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad1b65
Erin Untereiner, S. Toboso-Chavero, Ana Vázquez Fariñas, Cristina Madrid‐López, Gara Villalba, Xavier Gabarrell Durany
With the latest IPCC report, dramatic global climate action must be taken immediately to limit global warming to 1.5 oC, or face more frequent and extreme weather events with catastrophic implications. Cities must invest in climate resilience development; however, government policies are only effective if they are supported by the society in which they serve. As such, this study aims to characterize the social perception of climate resilience development, in particular the implementation of sustainable urban rooftop strategies, to support policy makers and enable individual action. This was accomplished through the analysis of 1,100 answered surveys in Cerdanyola del Vallès (Spain), to assess one’s willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to implement (WTI) rooftop strategies according to: 1. socio-demographical characteristics; 2. social perceptions and beliefs; and 3. surrounding land use and land cover, and vulnerabilities identified through temperature and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) maps. The results of this study found age played a significant role in predictability, with 18-39-year-olds being the most willing to pay and implement the various rooftop scenarios. However, our results uncovered societal inequality as those 85+ were the second group most interested in rooftop agriculture but the most financially restricted. Belief in the viability of rooftop strategies increased respondents WTP and WTI while having access to ones’ rooftop increased willingness to partake in rooftop food cultivation and enhance rooftop greenery. A new finding presented by this study is the quantifiable impact that urban greenery plays on increasing survey respondents WTP and WTI.
{"title":"Predicting willingness to pay and implement different rooftop strategies to characterize social perception of climate change mitigation and adaptation.","authors":"Erin Untereiner, S. Toboso-Chavero, Ana Vázquez Fariñas, Cristina Madrid‐López, Gara Villalba, Xavier Gabarrell Durany","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad1b65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad1b65","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 With the latest IPCC report, dramatic global climate action must be taken immediately to limit global warming to 1.5 oC, or face more frequent and extreme weather events with catastrophic implications. Cities must invest in climate resilience development; however, government policies are only effective if they are supported by the society in which they serve. As such, this study aims to characterize the social perception of climate resilience development, in particular the implementation of sustainable urban rooftop strategies, to support policy makers and enable individual action. This was accomplished through the analysis of 1,100 answered surveys in Cerdanyola del Vallès (Spain), to assess one’s willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to implement (WTI) rooftop strategies according to: 1. socio-demographical characteristics; 2. social perceptions and beliefs; and 3. surrounding land use and land cover, and vulnerabilities identified through temperature and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) maps. The results of this study found age played a significant role in predictability, with 18-39-year-olds being the most willing to pay and implement the various rooftop scenarios. However, our results uncovered societal inequality as those 85+ were the second group most interested in rooftop agriculture but the most financially restricted. Belief in the viability of rooftop strategies increased respondents WTP and WTI while having access to ones’ rooftop increased willingness to partake in rooftop food cultivation and enhance rooftop greenery. A new finding presented by this study is the quantifiable impact that urban greenery plays on increasing survey respondents WTP and WTI.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139381372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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