The potential impacts of climate change on violent conflict are high on the agenda of scholars and policy makers. This article reviews existing literature to clarify the relationship between climate change and conflict risk, focusing on the roles of temperature and precipitation. While some debate remains, substantial evidence shows that climate change increases conflict risk under specific conditions. We examine four key pathways through which climate affects conflict: (i) economic shocks, (ii), agricultural decline, (iii) natural resources competition, and (iv) migration. Key gaps include limited long-term data, insufficient integrated studies, and the inadequate understanding of causal mechanisms, necessitating transdisciplinary research that addresses social vulnerability and underlying pathways.
{"title":"The impacts of climate change on violent conflict risk: a review of causal pathways.","authors":"Xiaolan Xie, Mengmeng Hao, Fangyu Ding, Jürgen Scheffran, Tobias Ide, Jean-François Maystadt, Yushu Qian, Qian Wang, Shuai Chen, Jiajie Wu, Kai Sun, Tian Ma, Dong Jiang","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad8a21","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad8a21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The potential impacts of climate change on violent conflict are high on the agenda of scholars and policy makers. This article reviews existing literature to clarify the relationship between climate change and conflict risk, focusing on the roles of temperature and precipitation. While some debate remains, substantial evidence shows that climate change increases conflict risk under specific conditions. We examine four key pathways through which climate affects conflict: (i) economic shocks, (ii), agricultural decline, (iii) natural resources competition, and (iv) migration. Key gaps include limited long-term data, insufficient integrated studies, and the inadequate understanding of causal mechanisms, necessitating transdisciplinary research that addresses social vulnerability and underlying pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"6 11","pages":"112002"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11555642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad7700
Shah Bano, Asam Shad, Haifa A Alqhtani, May Bin-Jumah, Naif G Altoom and Ahmed A Allam
UV/Cl is a cost-effective process and is often used in municipal water treatment plants as well as in industrial applications. UV/Cl method is found highly effective in degrading contaminants, including pathogens, The conventional methods for water treatment have been proven inefficient for the complete elimination of pollutants and generate harmful by-products in the environment. This study evaluated the efficacy of three different treatment methods, chlorination alone, UV photolysis, and UV/Cl, for the degradation of sulfonamides (SAs) in water. The results highlighted that UV/Cl treatment was an efficient method for enhancing the degradation of sulfisoxazole (SFX), sulfadimethoxine (SAT), and sulfaguanidine (SG), with substrates degrading in 5, 6.5, and 4 min. The study also investigated the reactive species generated in the UV/Cl system and found that ·OH was the species responsible for the elimination of SFX. Additionally, the study explored the intermediate products generated during the degradation of SFX under the UV/Cl system, identifying VI distinct degradation pathways. The presence of ·OH radicals significantly enhanced the degradation of SFX, while some chlorine species also contributed to the degradation. The study predicted the toxicity of degradation products from the UV/Cl system using the ECOSAR (Ecological Structure Activity Relationships) program and found that the final degradation products of SFX were non-toxic, but concerns were raised about acute toxicity.
{"title":"Deciphering the degradation of sulfonamides by UV/chlorination in aqueous solution: kinetics, reaction pathways, and toxicological evolution","authors":"Shah Bano, Asam Shad, Haifa A Alqhtani, May Bin-Jumah, Naif G Altoom and Ahmed A Allam","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad7700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad7700","url":null,"abstract":"UV/Cl is a cost-effective process and is often used in municipal water treatment plants as well as in industrial applications. UV/Cl method is found highly effective in degrading contaminants, including pathogens, The conventional methods for water treatment have been proven inefficient for the complete elimination of pollutants and generate harmful by-products in the environment. This study evaluated the efficacy of three different treatment methods, chlorination alone, UV photolysis, and UV/Cl, for the degradation of sulfonamides (SAs) in water. The results highlighted that UV/Cl treatment was an efficient method for enhancing the degradation of sulfisoxazole (SFX), sulfadimethoxine (SAT), and sulfaguanidine (SG), with substrates degrading in 5, 6.5, and 4 min. The study also investigated the reactive species generated in the UV/Cl system and found that ·OH was the species responsible for the elimination of SFX. Additionally, the study explored the intermediate products generated during the degradation of SFX under the UV/Cl system, identifying VI distinct degradation pathways. The presence of ·OH radicals significantly enhanced the degradation of SFX, while some chlorine species also contributed to the degradation. The study predicted the toxicity of degradation products from the UV/Cl system using the ECOSAR (Ecological Structure Activity Relationships) program and found that the final degradation products of SFX were non-toxic, but concerns were raised about acute toxicity.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad6cac
Su-Jung Lee, Joon-Ho Lee and Kuk Jin Kim
This study investigates the atmospheric interactions between two closely located typhoons in 2019. Typhoons in the Western Pacific significantly impact Eastern and Southeastern Asian countries, leading to various damages. As global warming is expected to increase typhoon intensity, accurate track forecasting becomes crucial for coastal disaster management. Despite the existing knowledge about the influence of typhoon activities on the atmospheric background, limited research addresses the atmospheric response between two typhoons. The study focuses on the cases of LEKIMA and KROSA, occurring simultaneously in 2019, and utilizes the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for simulations. The experimental setup involves comparing two scenarios: one with both typhoons and one with LEKIMA removed. Results reveal LEKIMA-induced distinctive atmospheric responses, including the closure of the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) boundary and the formulation of a wave train, influencing KROSA’s stagnation. The absence of LEKIMA allows KROSA to move more freely along the steering flow. Furthermore, the study highlights the potential of atmospheric models for understanding typhoon effects at regional to mesoscale levels. A comprehensive analysis of similar cases could enhance typhoon predictions, contributing to better damage mitigation strategies.
{"title":"Effect of atmospheric response induced by preceding typhoon on movement of subsequent typhoon over Northwestern Pacific","authors":"Su-Jung Lee, Joon-Ho Lee and Kuk Jin Kim","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad6cac","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad6cac","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the atmospheric interactions between two closely located typhoons in 2019. Typhoons in the Western Pacific significantly impact Eastern and Southeastern Asian countries, leading to various damages. As global warming is expected to increase typhoon intensity, accurate track forecasting becomes crucial for coastal disaster management. Despite the existing knowledge about the influence of typhoon activities on the atmospheric background, limited research addresses the atmospheric response between two typhoons. The study focuses on the cases of LEKIMA and KROSA, occurring simultaneously in 2019, and utilizes the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for simulations. The experimental setup involves comparing two scenarios: one with both typhoons and one with LEKIMA removed. Results reveal LEKIMA-induced distinctive atmospheric responses, including the closure of the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) boundary and the formulation of a wave train, influencing KROSA’s stagnation. The absence of LEKIMA allows KROSA to move more freely along the steering flow. Furthermore, the study highlights the potential of atmospheric models for understanding typhoon effects at regional to mesoscale levels. A comprehensive analysis of similar cases could enhance typhoon predictions, contributing to better damage mitigation strategies.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad76ff
Alicia C Cavanaugh, Honor R Bixby, Saeesh Mangwani, Samuel Agyei-Mensah, Cynthia Azochiman Awuni, Jill C Baumgartner, George Owusu and Brian E Robinson
Local social and ecological contexts influence the experience of poverty and inequality in a number of ways that include shaping livelihood opportunities and determining the available infrastructure, services and environmental resources, as well as people’s capacity to use them. The metrics used to define poverty and inequality function to guide local and international development policy but how these interact with the local ecological contexts is not well explored. We use a social-ecological systems (SES) lens to empirically examine how context relates to various measures of human well-being at a national scale in Ghana. Using a novel dataset constructed from the 100% Ghanian Census, we examine poverty and inequality at a fine population level across and within multiple dimensions of well-being. First, we describe how well-being varies within different Ghanian SES contexts. Second, we ask whether monetary consumption acts a good indicator for well-being across these contexts. Third, we examine measures of inequality in various metrics across SES types. We find consumption distributions differ across SES types and are markedly distinct from regional distributions based on political boundaries. Rates of improved well-being are positively correlated with consumption levels in all SES types, but correlations are weaker in less-developed contexts like, rangelands and wildlands. Finally, while consumption inequality is quite consistent across SES types, inequality in other measures of living standards (housing, water, sanitation, etc) increases dramatically in SES types as population density and infrastructural development decreases. We advocate that SES types should be recognized as distinct contexts in which actions to mitigate poverty and inequality should better incorporate the challenges unique to each.
当地的社会和生态环境以多种方式影响着人们对贫困和不平等的体验，包括塑造生计机会，决定可用的基础设施、服务和环境资源，以及人们使用这些资源的能力。用于定义贫困和不平等的指标具有指导地方和国际发展政策的作用，但这些指标如何与当地生态环境相互作用却没有得到很好的探讨。我们从社会生态系统（SES）的角度出发，在加纳全国范围内实证研究了环境与人类福祉的各种衡量标准之间的关系。我们利用从加纳 100% 人口普查中构建的新数据集，从人口的细微层面研究了多个福祉维度之间的贫困和不平等问题。首先，我们描述了加纳不同社会经济地位背景下的福祉差异。其次，我们询问在这些背景下，货币消费是否是衡量幸福感的良好指标。第三，我们研究了不同社会经济地位类型的各种不平等指标。我们发现不同社会经济地位类型的消费分布各不相同，并且与基于政治边界的地区分布明显不同。在所有社会经济地位类型中，福利改善率与消费水平呈正相关，但在牧场和荒地等欠发达地区，相关性较弱。最后，虽然消费不平等在不同的社会经济地位类型中相当一致，但随着人口密度和基础设施发展水平的降低，其他生活水平衡量指标（住房、水、卫生设施等）的不平等在社会经济地位类型中急剧增加。我们主张，应将 SES 类型视为不同的环境，在这些环境中，减轻贫困和不平等的行动应更好地考虑到每种环境所面临的独特挑战。
{"title":"From consumption to context: assessing poverty and inequality across diverse socio-ecological systems in Ghana","authors":"Alicia C Cavanaugh, Honor R Bixby, Saeesh Mangwani, Samuel Agyei-Mensah, Cynthia Azochiman Awuni, Jill C Baumgartner, George Owusu and Brian E Robinson","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad76ff","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad76ff","url":null,"abstract":"Local social and ecological contexts influence the experience of poverty and inequality in a number of ways that include shaping livelihood opportunities and determining the available infrastructure, services and environmental resources, as well as people’s capacity to use them. The metrics used to define poverty and inequality function to guide local and international development policy but how these interact with the local ecological contexts is not well explored. We use a social-ecological systems (SES) lens to empirically examine how context relates to various measures of human well-being at a national scale in Ghana. Using a novel dataset constructed from the 100% Ghanian Census, we examine poverty and inequality at a fine population level across and within multiple dimensions of well-being. First, we describe how well-being varies within different Ghanian SES contexts. Second, we ask whether monetary consumption acts a good indicator for well-being across these contexts. Third, we examine measures of inequality in various metrics across SES types. We find consumption distributions differ across SES types and are markedly distinct from regional distributions based on political boundaries. Rates of improved well-being are positively correlated with consumption levels in all SES types, but correlations are weaker in less-developed contexts like, rangelands and wildlands. Finally, while consumption inequality is quite consistent across SES types, inequality in other measures of living standards (housing, water, sanitation, etc) increases dramatically in SES types as population density and infrastructural development decreases. We advocate that SES types should be recognized as distinct contexts in which actions to mitigate poverty and inequality should better incorporate the challenges unique to each.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad75ea
Yaru Peng, Wei Hu and Xi-Zhi Niu
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in aqueous environment attracted prodigious attention due to the deleterious effects and environmental persistence. Many studies suggested that adsorption is an economical and efficient method to remove PFAS and a variety of adsorbents were developed. However, few adsorbents were conveniently applicable in real wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) or drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). This review discusses the gap between laboratory results of PFAS removal by adsorbents and the realistic efficiency in water treatment. First, the overall performance of PFAS removal by conventional WWTPs and DWTPs was discussed. Second, PFAS removal efficiencies by different units along the treatment trains of DWTPs were compared and summarized. Third, benchtop results for the efficiency of different adsorbents including activated carbon, ion exchange resin, minerals, and metal–organic frameworks were reviewed. These studies collectively concluded that dissolved organic matter in water is the most consequential component influencing the absorptive removal of PFAS; PFAS removal efficacy was discounted in water enriched in organic matter due to competitive absorption. To obtain application implications, research on novel adsorbents of high selectivity is suggested to couple with realistic demonstration. As the battle with ‘forever chemicals’ escalates, this is a timely and insightful review to help future research efforts bridge the gaps between laboratory performance and realistic removal of PFAS applying adsorbents.
{"title":"Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances removal in water and wastewater treatment plants: overall efficiency and performance of adsorption","authors":"Yaru Peng, Wei Hu and Xi-Zhi Niu","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad75ea","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad75ea","url":null,"abstract":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in aqueous environment attracted prodigious attention due to the deleterious effects and environmental persistence. Many studies suggested that adsorption is an economical and efficient method to remove PFAS and a variety of adsorbents were developed. However, few adsorbents were conveniently applicable in real wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) or drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). This review discusses the gap between laboratory results of PFAS removal by adsorbents and the realistic efficiency in water treatment. First, the overall performance of PFAS removal by conventional WWTPs and DWTPs was discussed. Second, PFAS removal efficiencies by different units along the treatment trains of DWTPs were compared and summarized. Third, benchtop results for the efficiency of different adsorbents including activated carbon, ion exchange resin, minerals, and metal–organic frameworks were reviewed. These studies collectively concluded that dissolved organic matter in water is the most consequential component influencing the absorptive removal of PFAS; PFAS removal efficacy was discounted in water enriched in organic matter due to competitive absorption. To obtain application implications, research on novel adsorbents of high selectivity is suggested to couple with realistic demonstration. As the battle with ‘forever chemicals’ escalates, this is a timely and insightful review to help future research efforts bridge the gaps between laboratory performance and realistic removal of PFAS applying adsorbents.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad7351
Derrick K Danso and Christina M Patricola
In this study, we investigated whether and how the storm surge induced by Hurricane Katrina could change if it occurs in a future warmer climate, and the sensitivity of the changes to atmospheric forcing resolution. Climate model simulations of Hurricane Katrina at 27 km, 4.5 km, and 3 km resolutions were used to drive storm surge simulations in historical and future climates using the ADvanced CIRCulation (ADCIRC) model. We found that peak surge height increased significantly in the future with all forcing resolutions. However, the future projection is 22% greater in the 3 km forcing, typical of regional climate models, compared to the 27 km forcing, typical of state-of-the-art global climate models. Additionally, the spatial extent of the future change is highly sensitive to forcing resolution, extending most broadly under the 27 km forcing. Furthermore, we found that storm surge duration decreases in the future with all forcing resolutions due to increasing TC translation speed and decreasing ocean lifetime. However, the future change in the surge duration is sensitive to the forcing resolution, decreasing by 31% in the 27 km forcing and 6% in the 3 km forcing.
{"title":"Future projections of storm surge in Hurricane Katrina and sensitivity to meteorological forcing resolution","authors":"Derrick K Danso and Christina M Patricola","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad7351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad7351","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we investigated whether and how the storm surge induced by Hurricane Katrina could change if it occurs in a future warmer climate, and the sensitivity of the changes to atmospheric forcing resolution. Climate model simulations of Hurricane Katrina at 27 km, 4.5 km, and 3 km resolutions were used to drive storm surge simulations in historical and future climates using the ADvanced CIRCulation (ADCIRC) model. We found that peak surge height increased significantly in the future with all forcing resolutions. However, the future projection is 22% greater in the 3 km forcing, typical of regional climate models, compared to the 27 km forcing, typical of state-of-the-art global climate models. Additionally, the spatial extent of the future change is highly sensitive to forcing resolution, extending most broadly under the 27 km forcing. Furthermore, we found that storm surge duration decreases in the future with all forcing resolutions due to increasing TC translation speed and decreasing ocean lifetime. However, the future change in the surge duration is sensitive to the forcing resolution, decreasing by 31% in the 27 km forcing and 6% in the 3 km forcing.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad6ee5
John C Platt, Marc L Shapiro, Zebediah Engberg, Kevin McCloskey, Scott Geraedts, Tharun Sankar, Marc E J Stettler, Roger Teoh, Ulrich Schumann, Susanne Rohs, Erica Brand and Christopher Van Arsdale
Previous work has shown that while the net effect of aircraft condensation trails (contrails) on the climate is warming, the exact magnitude of the energy forcing per meter of contrail remains uncertain. In this paper, we explore the skill of a Lagrangian contrail model (CoCiP) in identifying flight segments with high contrail energy forcing. We find that skill is greater than climatological predictions alone, even accounting for uncertainty in weather fields and model parameters. We estimate the uncertainty due to humidity by using the ensemble ERA5 weather reanalysis from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) as Monte Carlo inputs to CoCiP. We unbias and correct under-dispersion on the ERA5 humidity data by forcing a match to the distribution of in situ humidity measurements taken at cruising altitude. We take CoCiP energy forcing estimates calculated using one of the ensemble members as a proxy for ground truth, and report the skill of CoCiP in identifying segments with large positive proxy energy forcing. We further estimate the uncertainty due to model parameters in CoCiP by performing Monte Carlo simulations with CoCiP model parameters drawn from uncertainty distributions consistent with the literature. When CoCiP outputs are averaged over seasons to form climatological predictions, the skill in predicting the proxy is 44%, while the skill of per-flight CoCiP outputs is 84%. If these results carry over to the true (unknown) contrail EF, they indicate that per-flight energy forcing predictions can reduce the number of potential contrail avoidance route adjustments by 2x, hence reducing both the cost and fuel impact of contrail avoidance.
{"title":"The effect of uncertainty in humidity and model parameters on the prediction of contrail energy forcing","authors":"John C Platt, Marc L Shapiro, Zebediah Engberg, Kevin McCloskey, Scott Geraedts, Tharun Sankar, Marc E J Stettler, Roger Teoh, Ulrich Schumann, Susanne Rohs, Erica Brand and Christopher Van Arsdale","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad6ee5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad6ee5","url":null,"abstract":"Previous work has shown that while the net effect of aircraft condensation trails (contrails) on the climate is warming, the exact magnitude of the energy forcing per meter of contrail remains uncertain. In this paper, we explore the skill of a Lagrangian contrail model (CoCiP) in identifying flight segments with high contrail energy forcing. We find that skill is greater than climatological predictions alone, even accounting for uncertainty in weather fields and model parameters. We estimate the uncertainty due to humidity by using the ensemble ERA5 weather reanalysis from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) as Monte Carlo inputs to CoCiP. We unbias and correct under-dispersion on the ERA5 humidity data by forcing a match to the distribution of in situ humidity measurements taken at cruising altitude. We take CoCiP energy forcing estimates calculated using one of the ensemble members as a proxy for ground truth, and report the skill of CoCiP in identifying segments with large positive proxy energy forcing. We further estimate the uncertainty due to model parameters in CoCiP by performing Monte Carlo simulations with CoCiP model parameters drawn from uncertainty distributions consistent with the literature. When CoCiP outputs are averaged over seasons to form climatological predictions, the skill in predicting the proxy is 44%, while the skill of per-flight CoCiP outputs is 84%. If these results carry over to the true (unknown) contrail EF, they indicate that per-flight energy forcing predictions can reduce the number of potential contrail avoidance route adjustments by 2x, hence reducing both the cost and fuel impact of contrail avoidance.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-15DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad6f75
Emily Nabong and Aaron Opdyke
The escalating impact of climate change necessitates innovative strategies to enhance public understanding and action. This research delves into the potential of serious games as transformative tools for climate change education and adaptation. Despite their rising popularity, serious games face challenges in effectively conveying complex climate science concepts and achieving desired learning outcomes. This study builds upon existing frameworks to propose tailored guidelines for designing serious games focused on climate change adaptation. We anchor our guidelines on the Design, Play, Experience (DPE) framework to scaffold strategies to create more effective serious games for climate change adaptation. We propose 11 elements that should be considered between player engagement and design when creating serious games. Through iterative playtesting and community involvement, we underscore the significance of reflecting on language, comprehension, timing, and social dynamics. This work bridges the gap between scientific knowledge and actionable insights in the development of serious games to equip decision-makers and communities with the tools to combat the multifaceted challenges posed by climate change.
{"title":"Designing serious games to advance climate change adaptation","authors":"Emily Nabong and Aaron Opdyke","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad6f75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad6f75","url":null,"abstract":"The escalating impact of climate change necessitates innovative strategies to enhance public understanding and action. This research delves into the potential of serious games as transformative tools for climate change education and adaptation. Despite their rising popularity, serious games face challenges in effectively conveying complex climate science concepts and achieving desired learning outcomes. This study builds upon existing frameworks to propose tailored guidelines for designing serious games focused on climate change adaptation. We anchor our guidelines on the Design, Play, Experience (DPE) framework to scaffold strategies to create more effective serious games for climate change adaptation. We propose 11 elements that should be considered between player engagement and design when creating serious games. Through iterative playtesting and community involvement, we underscore the significance of reflecting on language, comprehension, timing, and social dynamics. This work bridges the gap between scientific knowledge and actionable insights in the development of serious games to equip decision-makers and communities with the tools to combat the multifaceted challenges posed by climate change.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad7701
Saeid Aminjafari, Ian A Brown and Fernando Jaramillo
Monitoring lake water level fluctuations is critical for managing water resources, predicting the impacts of climatic change, and preserving ecosystem services lakes provide. However, traditional gauging stations are insufficient to monitor all lakes worldwide due to the large number of existing lakes, the challenges of installation and maintenance, and the remote locations of some. Although satellite altimetry is an alternative for measuring water levels, it cannot monitor small lakes effectively. This study evaluates the potential of Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (D-InSAR) for tracking minor water level changes in small lakes, a method more typically used in wetland studies. We investigate two Swedish lakes using Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-1B data from 2019, generating six-day interferograms and filtering out those with in situ water level changes exceeding one phase cycle. Our results show that D-InSAR can detect small water level changes with Lin’s correlations up to 0.63 and 0.89 and RMSE values of approximately 9 and 4 mm, respectively. These results evidence the potential of future L-band SAR missions with larger wavelengths, such as the NASA-ISRO SAR (NISAR) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), to track water level changes in lakes and aid water tracking missions such as the SWOT (Surface Water and Ocean Topography).
{"title":"Evaluating D-InSAR performance to detect small water level fluctuations in two small lakes in Sweden","authors":"Saeid Aminjafari, Ian A Brown and Fernando Jaramillo","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad7701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad7701","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring lake water level fluctuations is critical for managing water resources, predicting the impacts of climatic change, and preserving ecosystem services lakes provide. However, traditional gauging stations are insufficient to monitor all lakes worldwide due to the large number of existing lakes, the challenges of installation and maintenance, and the remote locations of some. Although satellite altimetry is an alternative for measuring water levels, it cannot monitor small lakes effectively. This study evaluates the potential of Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (D-InSAR) for tracking minor water level changes in small lakes, a method more typically used in wetland studies. We investigate two Swedish lakes using Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-1B data from 2019, generating six-day interferograms and filtering out those with in situ water level changes exceeding one phase cycle. Our results show that D-InSAR can detect small water level changes with Lin’s correlations up to 0.63 and 0.89 and RMSE values of approximately 9 and 4 mm, respectively. These results evidence the potential of future L-band SAR missions with larger wavelengths, such as the NASA-ISRO SAR (NISAR) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), to track water level changes in lakes and aid water tracking missions such as the SWOT (Surface Water and Ocean Topography).","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad75ee
Jerome Faure, Lauriane Mouysset, Fabrice Allier, Axel Decourtye and Sabrina Gaba
There is limited knowledge on why farmers adopt pollinator-supporting practices, which is crucial to stimulate their adoption. The dependence of farmers on pollination may influence their perception of pollinators and their willingness to adopt these practices. We addressed why farmers adopt pollinator-supporting practices using a 2011 survey conducted within a cereal plain in western France, where farmers were moderately dependent on pollination for crops like oilseed rape and sunflower. We assessed the factors influencing the adoption of practices to promote pollination, including pollination dependence. We found no effect for pollination dependence. Conversely, we found that farm size, pesticide use, advisory services and the perception of costs decreased the willingness to adopt, while older farmers were more incline to adopt. We also evaluated perceptions related to pollinators: more than 85% of farmers considered bees important for crop production and recognized pesticides as a major cause of decline. We found no effect of pollination dependence on farmers’ perceptions. Compared to similar studies over the past decade, we found similarities, particularly regarding pollinator-related perceptions. Finally, we compared the willingness to adopt in 2011 with the actual adoption in 2024, showing that there has been little change. This raises questions on the pathways to promote the adoption of pollinator-supporting practices to ensure for the future of pollinator conservation.
{"title":"How pollinator dependence may mediate farmer adoption of pollinator supporting practices and perceptions: a case study from western France","authors":"Jerome Faure, Lauriane Mouysset, Fabrice Allier, Axel Decourtye and Sabrina Gaba","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad75ee","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad75ee","url":null,"abstract":"There is limited knowledge on why farmers adopt pollinator-supporting practices, which is crucial to stimulate their adoption. The dependence of farmers on pollination may influence their perception of pollinators and their willingness to adopt these practices. We addressed why farmers adopt pollinator-supporting practices using a 2011 survey conducted within a cereal plain in western France, where farmers were moderately dependent on pollination for crops like oilseed rape and sunflower. We assessed the factors influencing the adoption of practices to promote pollination, including pollination dependence. We found no effect for pollination dependence. Conversely, we found that farm size, pesticide use, advisory services and the perception of costs decreased the willingness to adopt, while older farmers were more incline to adopt. We also evaluated perceptions related to pollinators: more than 85% of farmers considered bees important for crop production and recognized pesticides as a major cause of decline. We found no effect of pollination dependence on farmers’ perceptions. Compared to similar studies over the past decade, we found similarities, particularly regarding pollinator-related perceptions. Finally, we compared the willingness to adopt in 2011 with the actual adoption in 2024, showing that there has been little change. This raises questions on the pathways to promote the adoption of pollinator-supporting practices to ensure for the future of pollinator conservation.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"203 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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