Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad6cab
Hao Yuan, Yonglin Chen, Yunping Zhang, Lei Ming, Yuntao Xie
The urban heat island (UHI) environment is closely related to the daily life of residents, and the impact of UHI is further expanding in the era of rapid urbanization, which is particularly obvious in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). To explore the connection between UHI and urban expansion, this study takes GBA as the study area, based on Google Earth Engine platform and Landsat satellite data. The urban-rural temperature difference method was used to analyze the heat island zoning in the GBA from 2000 to 2020, and the direction and type of urban expansion in the GBA were investigated by standard deviation ellipse and LEI, to explore the link between the type of urban expansion and the heat island region through geospatial analysis methods. The results of the study show that: (1) The proportion of the area of strong and extreme heat islands in the GBA was 37.64% in 2000; 38.61% in 2005; 47.07% in 2010; 55.76% in 2015; and finally 59.69% in 2020. The proportion of the area of heat island regions in the period from 2000 to 2020 showed an overall increasing trend, with the largest increase in heat island regions in the period from 2015 to 2020. (2) The intensity of urban expansion in the GBA is 32% in both 2000–2005 and 2005–2010, which is significantly higher than the 9% in 2010–2015, and then increases to 24 per cent in 2015–2020. The speed of movement of urban centroids decreases in 2000–2015 and increases in 2015–2020. The direction of urban expansion in the first 5 years is dominated by the northeast, and the direction of urban expansion in the latter 15 years is generally dominated by the southwest, and the type of urban expansion is dominated by the fringe type, with the enclave type of expansion accounting for a smaller proportion. (3) Pearson correlation analysis further confirms that there is a significant positive correlation between urban sprawl and the urban heat island effect, with a correlation coefficient of 0.78 and a p-value of 0.041. There is a high degree of spatial consistency between the distribution of built-up urban areas and the distribution of heat island areas in GBA, and the direction of the evolution of the urban heat island areas is the same as the direction of the evolution of the built-up urban areas in general, and the thermal response of the marginal expansion to the ground surface temperature is stronger than that of enclave expansion. The thermal response to the surface temperature is stronger than that of the enclave type of expansion.
{"title":"Urban sprawl and thermal response in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, 2000–2020","authors":"Hao Yuan, Yonglin Chen, Yunping Zhang, Lei Ming, Yuntao Xie","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad6cab","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad6cab","url":null,"abstract":"The urban heat island (UHI) environment is closely related to the daily life of residents, and the impact of UHI is further expanding in the era of rapid urbanization, which is particularly obvious in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). To explore the connection between UHI and urban expansion, this study takes GBA as the study area, based on Google Earth Engine platform and Landsat satellite data. The urban-rural temperature difference method was used to analyze the heat island zoning in the GBA from 2000 to 2020, and the direction and type of urban expansion in the GBA were investigated by standard deviation ellipse and LEI, to explore the link between the type of urban expansion and the heat island region through geospatial analysis methods. The results of the study show that: (1) The proportion of the area of strong and extreme heat islands in the GBA was 37.64% in 2000; 38.61% in 2005; 47.07% in 2010; 55.76% in 2015; and finally 59.69% in 2020. The proportion of the area of heat island regions in the period from 2000 to 2020 showed an overall increasing trend, with the largest increase in heat island regions in the period from 2015 to 2020. (2) The intensity of urban expansion in the GBA is 32% in both 2000–2005 and 2005–2010, which is significantly higher than the 9% in 2010–2015, and then increases to 24 per cent in 2015–2020. The speed of movement of urban centroids decreases in 2000–2015 and increases in 2015–2020. The direction of urban expansion in the first 5 years is dominated by the northeast, and the direction of urban expansion in the latter 15 years is generally dominated by the southwest, and the type of urban expansion is dominated by the fringe type, with the enclave type of expansion accounting for a smaller proportion. (3) Pearson correlation analysis further confirms that there is a significant positive correlation between urban sprawl and the urban heat island effect, with a correlation coefficient of 0.78 and a p-value of 0.041. There is a high degree of spatial consistency between the distribution of built-up urban areas and the distribution of heat island areas in GBA, and the direction of the evolution of the urban heat island areas is the same as the direction of the evolution of the built-up urban areas in general, and the thermal response of the marginal expansion to the ground surface temperature is stronger than that of enclave expansion. The thermal response to the surface temperature is stronger than that of the enclave type of expansion.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad6e4c
Guochuan Peng, Fengtai Zhang, Xingyu Yang, Dalai Ma, Hongmei Tan
Tourism ecological security is an important indicator of the sustainable development of tourist destinations. Considering the complete embodiment of human social factors, the DPSIRM-SBM Model is cited and improved. Taking tourism ecological security of the Yangtze River Economic Belt as the research object, the characteristics of temporal and spatial evolution and its influencing mechanism are analyzed, aiming at making a scientific, comprehensive and systematic evaluation. It is found that the tourism ecological security of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is between sensitive and general security levels; Formed a spatial pattern with strong two ends and weak middle; The security advantages at the junction of provincial administrative regions are obvious; Regional differences first increase and then decrease, which accords with the theory of unbalanced growth;In terms of spatial agglomeration, the main type in YREB as a whole shifted from an initial downstream high-value agglomeration to a midstream low-value agglomeration; Sustainable tourism is affected by comprehensive factors, economic growth is not the main driving force, the construction of ecological civilization is very important.
{"title":"Spatial and temporal evolution and drive mechanism of tourism ecological security based on DPSIRM-SBM model","authors":"Guochuan Peng, Fengtai Zhang, Xingyu Yang, Dalai Ma, Hongmei Tan","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad6e4c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad6e4c","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism ecological security is an important indicator of the sustainable development of tourist destinations. Considering the complete embodiment of human social factors, the DPSIRM-SBM Model is cited and improved. Taking tourism ecological security of the Yangtze River Economic Belt as the research object, the characteristics of temporal and spatial evolution and its influencing mechanism are analyzed, aiming at making a scientific, comprehensive and systematic evaluation. It is found that the tourism ecological security of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is between sensitive and general security levels; Formed a spatial pattern with strong two ends and weak middle; The security advantages at the junction of provincial administrative regions are obvious; Regional differences first increase and then decrease, which accords with the theory of unbalanced growth;In terms of spatial agglomeration, the main type in YREB as a whole shifted from an initial downstream high-value agglomeration to a midstream low-value agglomeration; Sustainable tourism is affected by comprehensive factors, economic growth is not the main driving force, the construction of ecological civilization is very important.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad6bf6
Jie Liu, Jia Tian, Jingjing Wu, Xuejuan Feng, Zishuo Li, Yingxuan Wang, Qian Ya
The Yellow River Basin (YRB) plays a pivotal role in the water resources management of its region, significantly influenced by the interplay between climate change and human activities, particularly in its upper and middle reaches (UMRYR). This study aims to elucidate the evolving patterns and determinants of runoff within the UMRYR, a matter of considerable importance for the basin’s water resource management, strategy, and distribution. Utilizing the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, this research accessed comprehensive datasets including precipitation, drought index, and terrace area, among others, to examine their effects on runoff variations at five gauge stations across the YRB. Terrace data was extracted from Landsat imagery via the Random Forest Model, while annual runoff figures from 1990 to 2020 were sourced from the Sediment Bulletin of China River. Employing the Mann-Kendall test, we assessed the temporal changes in runoff over three decades. In addition, runoff drivers were analyzed by stepwise regression and redundancy analysis, leading to the construction of a multiple linear regression model. The accuracy of predicting annual runoff using the multiple linear model was verified through cross-validation and comparison with the ARIMA time series model. Our findings reveal the efficacy of the random forest algorithm in classifying terraces, achieving an accuracy rate exceeding 0.8. The period from 1990 to 2020 saw a general increase in annual runoff across the five gauging stations in the UMRYR, albeit with variations in the pattern, particularly at the Tangnaihai gauge station which presented the most complex changes. Crucially, three main drivers—summer precipitation (SP), terrace area (TR), and drought index (DI)—were identified as significant predictors in the regression models. The multiple linear regression model outperformed the ARIMA model in forecasting accuracy, underlining the significance of integrating these drivers into runoff prediction models for the UMRYR.
{"title":"Driving factors and trend prediction for annual runoff in the upper and middle reaches of the yellow river from 1990 to 2020","authors":"Jie Liu, Jia Tian, Jingjing Wu, Xuejuan Feng, Zishuo Li, Yingxuan Wang, Qian Ya","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad6bf6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad6bf6","url":null,"abstract":"The Yellow River Basin (YRB) plays a pivotal role in the water resources management of its region, significantly influenced by the interplay between climate change and human activities, particularly in its upper and middle reaches (UMRYR). This study aims to elucidate the evolving patterns and determinants of runoff within the UMRYR, a matter of considerable importance for the basin’s water resource management, strategy, and distribution. Utilizing the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, this research accessed comprehensive datasets including precipitation, drought index, and terrace area, among others, to examine their effects on runoff variations at five gauge stations across the YRB. Terrace data was extracted from Landsat imagery via the Random Forest Model, while annual runoff figures from 1990 to 2020 were sourced from the Sediment Bulletin of China River. Employing the Mann-Kendall test, we assessed the temporal changes in runoff over three decades. In addition, runoff drivers were analyzed by stepwise regression and redundancy analysis, leading to the construction of a multiple linear regression model. The accuracy of predicting annual runoff using the multiple linear model was verified through cross-validation and comparison with the ARIMA time series model. Our findings reveal the efficacy of the random forest algorithm in classifying terraces, achieving an accuracy rate exceeding 0.8. The period from 1990 to 2020 saw a general increase in annual runoff across the five gauging stations in the UMRYR, albeit with variations in the pattern, particularly at the Tangnaihai gauge station which presented the most complex changes. Crucially, three main drivers—summer precipitation (SP), terrace area (TR), and drought index (DI)—were identified as significant predictors in the regression models. The multiple linear regression model outperformed the ARIMA model in forecasting accuracy, underlining the significance of integrating these drivers into runoff prediction models for the UMRYR.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-21DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad6caa
0000-0001-5482-3289Tarunamulia1tarunamulia@brin.go.id, Muhammad Ilman, Jesmond Sammut, Mudian Paena, Basir1, Kamariah1, Imam Taukhid, Ruzkiah Asaf, Admi Athirah, Akmal1, Mohammad Syaichudin
The widespread degradation of mangroves has been attributed to their conversion into other land uses and purposes, most notably their destruction to construct extensive brackishwater aquaculture ponds. This study investigated the relationship between environmental factors and management alternatives for an integrated mangrove-aquaculture system in Derawan Island District, Berau Regency, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The study collected a total of 56 soil and water samples from around 50 ha to assess environmental limiting factors for integrated mangrove-brackishwater aquaculture management. The measured soil quality variables included field pH (pHF), pH of hydrogen peroxide extract (pHFOX), peroxide oxidizable sulfur (SPOS), pyrite (FeS2), organic matter (OM), nitrogen-total (N-TOT), iron (Fe), and aluminum (Al). Water quality variables included salinity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), different forms of nitrogen (NH3–ammonia, NO3–nitrate, and NO2–nitrite), phosphate (PO4), Fe, and total organic matter (TOM). The study employed a hydrological restoration approach to suggest a mangrove-friendly aquaculture pond design and layout. The study generally showed that Acid Sulfate Soils (ASS) significantly restricted the existing mixed-mangrove aquaculture pond management by negatively impacting water quality. This study highlights that, given the characteristics of ASS-affected aquaculture ponds, reducing pond size for shrimp culture (mangrove-to-pond ratio of 80% and 20%) will simplify managing ASS environmental limiting factors through cost-effective remediation techniques and a Balanced Fertilization Strategy (BFS). The reduced shrimp pond size will also provide direct opportunities for mangrove restoration and allow effective hydrological restoration. The economic benefit of the proposed pond design and management model focuses on diversifying production units which include shrimp aquaculture ponds, milkfish or tilapia culture in the peripheral canals of the mangrove compartment, juvenile shrimp production, and periodic harvest from the primary pond canal. The study findings are particularly applicable to ponds that have already been built in ASS to improve productivity in addition to supporting the mangrove rehabilitation program. Converting mangrove and ASS-affected land is not advisable for constructing new aquaculture ponds.
红树林普遍退化的原因是红树林被转化为其他土地用途和目的，其中最明显的是红树林被破坏以建造大面积的咸水养殖池塘。本研究调查了印度尼西亚东加里曼丹省 Berau 县 Derawan 岛区红树林-水产养殖综合系统的环境因素与管理替代方案之间的关系。该研究在约 50 公顷的土地上共采集了 56 份土壤和水样本，以评估红树林-沼泽水产养殖综合管理的环境限制因素。测量的土壤质量变量包括田间 pH 值（pHF）、过氧化氢提取物 pH 值（pHFOX）、过氧化物可氧化硫（SPOS）、黄铁矿（FeS2）、有机质（OM）、氮总量（N-TOT）、铁（Fe）和铝（Al）。水质变量包括盐度、温度、pH 值、溶解氧 (DO)、不同形式的氮（NH3-氨氮、NO3-硝酸盐和 NO2-亚硝酸盐）、磷酸盐 (PO4)、铁和总有机物 (TOM)。研究采用了水文修复方法，提出了红树林友好型水产养殖池塘的设计和布局建议。研究普遍表明，酸性硫酸盐土壤（ASS）对水质有负面影响，严重制约了现有的混合红树林水产养殖池塘管理。这项研究强调，鉴于受 ASS 影响的水产养殖池塘的特点，缩小对虾养殖池塘的面积（红树林与池塘的比例分别为 80% 和 20%）将简化对 ASS 环境限制因素的管理，方法是采用成本效益高的修复技术和平衡施肥策略（BFS）。缩小养虾池面积还将为红树林恢复提供直接机会，并实现有效的水文恢复。建议的池塘设计和管理模式的经济效益侧重于生产单位的多样化，包括对虾养殖池塘、红树林区外围水渠中的遮目鱼或罗非鱼养殖、幼虾生产以及主池塘水渠的定期收获。研究结果尤其适用于已在 ASS 建造的池塘，除了支持红树林恢复计划外，还能提高生产率。受红树林和 ASS 影响的土地不宜用于建造新的水产养殖池塘。
{"title":"Impact of soil and water quality on the sustainable management of mangrove-compatible brackishwater aquaculture practices in Indonesia","authors":"0000-0001-5482-3289Tarunamulia1tarunamulia@brin.go.id, Muhammad Ilman, Jesmond Sammut, Mudian Paena, Basir1, Kamariah1, Imam Taukhid, Ruzkiah Asaf, Admi Athirah, Akmal1, Mohammad Syaichudin","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad6caa","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad6caa","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread degradation of mangroves has been attributed to their conversion into other land uses and purposes, most notably their destruction to construct extensive brackishwater aquaculture ponds. This study investigated the relationship between environmental factors and management alternatives for an integrated mangrove-aquaculture system in Derawan Island District, Berau Regency, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The study collected a total of 56 soil and water samples from around 50 ha to assess environmental limiting factors for integrated mangrove-brackishwater aquaculture management. The measured soil quality variables included field pH (pH<sub>F</sub>), pH of hydrogen peroxide extract (pH<sub>FOX</sub>), peroxide oxidizable sulfur (S<sub>POS</sub>), pyrite (FeS<sub>2</sub>), organic matter (OM), nitrogen-total (N-<sub>TOT</sub>), iron (Fe), and aluminum (Al). Water quality variables included salinity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), different forms of nitrogen (NH<sub>3</sub>–ammonia, NO<sub>3</sub>–nitrate, and NO<sub>2</sub>–nitrite), phosphate (PO<sub>4</sub>), Fe, and total organic matter (TOM). The study employed a hydrological restoration approach to suggest a mangrove-friendly aquaculture pond design and layout. The study generally showed that Acid Sulfate Soils (ASS) significantly restricted the existing mixed-mangrove aquaculture pond management by negatively impacting water quality. This study highlights that, given the characteristics of ASS-affected aquaculture ponds, reducing pond size for shrimp culture (mangrove-to-pond ratio of 80% and 20%) will simplify managing ASS environmental limiting factors through cost-effective remediation techniques and a Balanced Fertilization Strategy (BFS). The reduced shrimp pond size will also provide direct opportunities for mangrove restoration and allow effective hydrological restoration. The economic benefit of the proposed pond design and management model focuses on diversifying production units which include shrimp aquaculture ponds, milkfish or tilapia culture in the peripheral canals of the mangrove compartment, juvenile shrimp production, and periodic harvest from the primary pond canal. The study findings are particularly applicable to ponds that have already been built in ASS to improve productivity in addition to supporting the mangrove rehabilitation program. Converting mangrove and ASS-affected land is not advisable for constructing new aquaculture ponds.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"271 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-21DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad6b04
Panpan Li, Fei Zheng, Xiagnhui Fang, Jin-Yi Yu
The mature phases of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events exhibit a distinct tendency to peak towards the end of the calendar year, a phenomenon commonly referred to as ENSO phase locking. This phase locking is a fundamental property of the ENSO. The observed characteristics of phase locking are intricately tied to the seasonality of ENSO-related Sea Surface Temperature (SST) growth rate. In this study, notable observational evidence is presented: the strength of phase locking of El Niño weakened, and the phase locking advanced to peak at an earlier time during the period 2001 to 2022 compared to 1982 to 2000. The advancement of El Niño Phase Locking is explored by analyzing the contributions of different oceanic feedbacks to the El Niño phenomenon. Specifically, our findings highlight the significant role of nonlinear advective dynamic heating (NDH), which is influenced by the decrease in equatorial pacific surface zonal current anomaly and the equatorial pacific surface zonal gradient of sea SST anomaly. This investigation enhances our understanding of the evolving dynamics of El Niño phase locking, shedding light on the intricate interplay of oceanic feedbacks in influencing this fundamental aspect of ENSO behavior.
{"title":"The advance of El Niño phase locking from period 1982–2000 to 2001–2022","authors":"Panpan Li, Fei Zheng, Xiagnhui Fang, Jin-Yi Yu","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad6b04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad6b04","url":null,"abstract":"The mature phases of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events exhibit a distinct tendency to peak towards the end of the calendar year, a phenomenon commonly referred to as ENSO phase locking. This phase locking is a fundamental property of the ENSO. The observed characteristics of phase locking are intricately tied to the seasonality of ENSO-related Sea Surface Temperature (SST) growth rate. In this study, notable observational evidence is presented: the strength of phase locking of El Niño weakened, and the phase locking advanced to peak at an earlier time during the period 2001 to 2022 compared to 1982 to 2000. The advancement of El Niño Phase Locking is explored by analyzing the contributions of different oceanic feedbacks to the El Niño phenomenon. Specifically, our findings highlight the significant role of nonlinear advective dynamic heating (NDH), which is influenced by the decrease in equatorial pacific surface zonal current anomaly and the equatorial pacific surface zonal gradient of sea SST anomaly. This investigation enhances our understanding of the evolving dynamics of El Niño phase locking, shedding light on the intricate interplay of oceanic feedbacks in influencing this fundamental aspect of ENSO behavior.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies have demonstrated that ambient temperature was associated with transport accidents; however, little is known about the temporal change and spatial heterogeneity of this association. This study investigated the temporal change and spatial variation in the association between temperature and transport accident mortality in Japan using daily time-series data from 1972 to 2019. First, we used time-stratified case-crossover analyses with a distributed lag nonlinear model to estimate the risks of transport accident mortality with temperature in 47 prefectures in Japan. We then pooled the estimates to obtain the risk at the country level through multivariate meta-analysis. In addition, we divided the whole time period into five sub-periods to explore temporal changes in the association and fitted the mixed-effects meta-regression to identify climatic, demographic, and socioeconomic factors that may explain the spatial heterogeneity. We found that temperature was positively associated with transport accident mortality, with a percent change (PC) of 1.47% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10%, 1.85%) increase in transport accident mortality per 1 °C increase in daily mean temperature. The risk of transport accident mortality associated with temperature has decreased from 1972 [PC = 2.14% (95% CI: 1.51%, 2.77%)] to 2000 [PC = 0.89% (95% CI: 0.21%, 1.57%)] but increased slightly from 2001 [PC = 1.13% (95% CI: 0.47%, 1.48%)] to 2019 [PC = 1.60% (95% CI: 0.73%, 2.48%)]. The association between temperature and transport accident mortality was larger in relatively less developed prefectures, as explained by demographic and socioeconomic factors (e.g., total population, proportion of older people and females, and number of general hospitals). Our findings may help to better understand the association between high temperature and transport accident mortality and underlying potential mechanisms, which can provide implications for public health policies to reduce the mortality burden from transport accidents in the future.
{"title":"Temporal change and spatial heterogeneity of the association between ambient temperature and transport accident mortality in Japan from 1972 to 2019: a nationwide time-stratified case-crossover study","authors":"Rui Pan, Yeonseung Chung, Kisung Sim, Masahiro Hashizume, Yasushi Honda, Whanhee Lee, Yoonhee Kim","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad6b03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad6b03","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have demonstrated that ambient temperature was associated with transport accidents; however, little is known about the temporal change and spatial heterogeneity of this association. This study investigated the temporal change and spatial variation in the association between temperature and transport accident mortality in Japan using daily time-series data from 1972 to 2019. First, we used time-stratified case-crossover analyses with a distributed lag nonlinear model to estimate the risks of transport accident mortality with temperature in 47 prefectures in Japan. We then pooled the estimates to obtain the risk at the country level through multivariate meta-analysis. In addition, we divided the whole time period into five sub-periods to explore temporal changes in the association and fitted the mixed-effects meta-regression to identify climatic, demographic, and socioeconomic factors that may explain the spatial heterogeneity. We found that temperature was positively associated with transport accident mortality, with a percent change (PC) of 1.47% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10%, 1.85%) increase in transport accident mortality per 1 °C increase in daily mean temperature. The risk of transport accident mortality associated with temperature has decreased from 1972 [PC = 2.14% (95% CI: 1.51%, 2.77%)] to 2000 [PC = 0.89% (95% CI: 0.21%, 1.57%)] but increased slightly from 2001 [PC = 1.13% (95% CI: 0.47%, 1.48%)] to 2019 [PC = 1.60% (95% CI: 0.73%, 2.48%)]. The association between temperature and transport accident mortality was larger in relatively less developed prefectures, as explained by demographic and socioeconomic factors (e.g., total population, proportion of older people and females, and number of general hospitals). Our findings may help to better understand the association between high temperature and transport accident mortality and underlying potential mechanisms, which can provide implications for public health policies to reduce the mortality burden from transport accidents in the future.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"271 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-19DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad6bf7
Baoxu Chen, Hongyan Cui, Fangli Qiao, Ziqun Zhang, Xiaohui Sun, Chang Gao, Yang Song
An extreme cold event outbreaks in Eastern China (EC) in December 16–22, 2023. Its maximum intensity (−8.30 °C) and duration (7 days) are in the second place in December during 1980–2023. In Early Stage (December 6–10), surface air temperature (SAT) anomalies reach the highest at 6.77 °C, exceeding mean value by two standard deviations. The variation of SAT anomalies (differences of SAT anomalies between the last day and the first day for a given period) is 0.60 °C. In Development Stage (December 11–15), SAT anomalies begin to decline but remain positive. In Outbreak Stage (December 16–22), the variation of SAT anomalies reaches a minimum of −3.17 °C, reflecting the cooling of EC. From December 1, cold air gradually gathers in Siberia under the influence of Arctic high moving southward. Cold air is locked in Siberia due to negative anomalies of geopotiential height (GH) and the westerlies anomalies between 40°–50°N. On December 11, these negative GH anomalies begin to move southeastward, and the westerlies anomalies weaken to a easterlies. From December 16–22, EC experiences an extreme cold event due to the southward of Arctic high and the eastward of Ural and Okhotsk high. On the basis of the zonal wind index (ZI) phase changes from negative to positive and the jet stream moves southeastward, the strong (weak) jet stream is spotted to block (promote) the southward of cold air. Linear regression shows that negative Arctic Oscillation (AO) conducts to the concentration of cold air in Siberia. Positive Siberia High (SH) pushes cold air to EC. SAT anomalies decrease by 2.29 °C in EC with the increase of 1 unit for SH. In empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, EOF1 (28.07%) is characterized by warm Arctic and cold Siberia (WA-CS), which reflects the effect of SH on the occurrence of extreme cold events.
{"title":"Causes of the extreme cold event in December 2023 on Eastern China","authors":"Baoxu Chen, Hongyan Cui, Fangli Qiao, Ziqun Zhang, Xiaohui Sun, Chang Gao, Yang Song","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad6bf7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad6bf7","url":null,"abstract":"An extreme cold event outbreaks in Eastern China (EC) in December 16–22, 2023. Its maximum intensity (−8.30 °C) and duration (7 days) are in the second place in December during 1980–2023. In Early Stage (December 6–10), surface air temperature (SAT) anomalies reach the highest at 6.77 °C, exceeding mean value by two standard deviations. The variation of SAT anomalies (differences of SAT anomalies between the last day and the first day for a given period) is 0.60 °C. In Development Stage (December 11–15), SAT anomalies begin to decline but remain positive. In Outbreak Stage (December 16–22), the variation of SAT anomalies reaches a minimum of −3.17 °C, reflecting the cooling of EC. From December 1, cold air gradually gathers in Siberia under the influence of Arctic high moving southward. Cold air is locked in Siberia due to negative anomalies of geopotiential height (GH) and the westerlies anomalies between 40°–50°N. On December 11, these negative GH anomalies begin to move southeastward, and the westerlies anomalies weaken to a easterlies. From December 16–22, EC experiences an extreme cold event due to the southward of Arctic high and the eastward of Ural and Okhotsk high. On the basis of the zonal wind index (ZI) phase changes from negative to positive and the jet stream moves southeastward, the strong (weak) jet stream is spotted to block (promote) the southward of cold air. Linear regression shows that negative Arctic Oscillation (AO) conducts to the concentration of cold air in Siberia. Positive Siberia High (SH) pushes cold air to EC. SAT anomalies decrease by 2.29 °C in EC with the increase of 1 unit for SH. In empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, EOF1 (28.07%) is characterized by warm Arctic and cold Siberia (WA-CS), which reflects the effect of SH on the occurrence of extreme cold events.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-15DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad6b05
Bin Guo, Chao Chen, Yanmei Pang, Yu Luo
Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) refers to the portion of net primary productivity (NPP) that is available for carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems after subtracting photosynthetic carbon consumed by heterotrophic respiration. The amount of the NEP reflects the size of carbon sinks/sources in terrestrial ecosystems, holding great significance for the research of climate change and global carbon cycle. In this study, the NEP of the Zoige grassland wetland ecological function zone (ZGW) on the eastern slope of the Tibetan Plateau from 2001 to 2020 is estimated by using the improved Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach model for NPP and a statistical model for soil heterotrophic respiration, based on the meteorological data, vegetation data and socioeconomic data. Additionally, the spatio-temporal variations of the NEP are analyzed, and the influences of natural factors and anthropogenic activities on the NEP are investigated. The results indicate that the ZGW overall plays a role as a carbon sink, and the carbon sink area accounts for approximately 99.3% of the whole ZGW. The annual average NEP in the study area is 447.9 g·m−2, showing a gradual increase at a rate of 5.0 g·m−2·a−1, although the increasing trend is not significant. The carbon sink capacity increased in 93.5% of the ZGW, remained relatively stable in 5.9% of the ZGW, and decreased and significantly decreased in 0.6% of the ZGW. Climate warming and humidifying promote the enhancement of carbon sink capacity in the ecosystem of the ZGW, and precipitation is the dominant climatic factor influencing NEP variations. Natural factors are the determinants of NEP variations, while anthropogenic activities play a secondary role. The implementation of ecological restoration and management projects in the areas along the Yellow River, around the main roads and the core area of wetlands, as well as the continuation of green and coordinated development policies of orderly developing grassland resources, is conducive to enhancing vegetation carbon sink capacity of the ZGW.
{"title":"Characteristics and influencing factors of carbon source/sink variations in the Zoige grassland wetland ecological function zone on the eastern slope of the Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Bin Guo, Chao Chen, Yanmei Pang, Yu Luo","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad6b05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad6b05","url":null,"abstract":"Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) refers to the portion of net primary productivity (NPP) that is available for carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems after subtracting photosynthetic carbon consumed by heterotrophic respiration. The amount of the NEP reflects the size of carbon sinks/sources in terrestrial ecosystems, holding great significance for the research of climate change and global carbon cycle. In this study, the NEP of the Zoige grassland wetland ecological function zone (ZGW) on the eastern slope of the Tibetan Plateau from 2001 to 2020 is estimated by using the improved Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach model for NPP and a statistical model for soil heterotrophic respiration, based on the meteorological data, vegetation data and socioeconomic data. Additionally, the spatio-temporal variations of the NEP are analyzed, and the influences of natural factors and anthropogenic activities on the NEP are investigated. The results indicate that the ZGW overall plays a role as a carbon sink, and the carbon sink area accounts for approximately 99.3% of the whole ZGW. The annual average NEP in the study area is 447.9 g·m<sup>−2</sup>, showing a gradual increase at a rate of 5.0 g·m<sup>−2</sup>·a<sup>−1</sup>, although the increasing trend is not significant. The carbon sink capacity increased in 93.5% of the ZGW, remained relatively stable in 5.9% of the ZGW, and decreased and significantly decreased in 0.6% of the ZGW. Climate warming and humidifying promote the enhancement of carbon sink capacity in the ecosystem of the ZGW, and precipitation is the dominant climatic factor influencing NEP variations. Natural factors are the determinants of NEP variations, while anthropogenic activities play a secondary role. The implementation of ecological restoration and management projects in the areas along the Yellow River, around the main roads and the core area of wetlands, as well as the continuation of green and coordinated development policies of orderly developing grassland resources, is conducive to enhancing vegetation carbon sink capacity of the ZGW.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-13DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad6b06
M Avkopashvili, I Avkopashvili, G Avkopashvili, A E Ayo-Bali
Globally, prioritizing short-term economic gains from mineral extraction has led to a critical dilemma: a planet rich in resources struggles with environmental degradation and a diminishing ability to sustain future generations. Open-pit mining exemplifies this paradox, causing significant environmental damage. In Georgia, this extractive industry presents environmental problems. Despite these known consequences, the long-term impacts of mining activities remain understudied. This study addressed this gap by analyzing the effects of open-pit mining on terrain morphology, and water dynamics in the Kazreti region over a 50-year period (1970–2020) and vegetation health over 35-year period (1987–2022). By integrating water quality assessment, spatial analysis and remote sensing, we revealed the significant human-induced changes to the region’s ecosystem. Spatial analysis results suggested that over 156.7 million cubic meters of bedrock have been fragmented by mining in southern East Georgia, with 125.5 million cubic meters deposited in valleys. Consequently, discernible shifts in the trajectories of water flow were observed based on the hydrological model. Additionally, a comparative analysis of NDVI and EVI values revealed a decline in vegetation health near mining zones, while remote forest areas remained stable. June typically showed healthier vegetation due to cooler temperatures and optimal growing conditions, while August presented lower vegetation health due to increased heat stress. Water quality revealed significant loadings of Cu (58–1855 μg l−1), Zn (54–2582 μg l−1), Mn (1–2167 μg l−1), and Cd (0.1–4.5 μg l−1), in local river systems, which are higher than the Georgian official guideline values (Cu - 1000, Zn - 1000, Mn—100, Cd—1 μg l−1). This study highlighted the need for a broader long-term monitoring strategy to assess the migration of these contaminants within the food web and the consequent socio-economic impact.
{"title":"50 years of mining-induced environmental changes: topography, hydrology, and vegetation health in Kazreti, Georgia","authors":"M Avkopashvili, I Avkopashvili, G Avkopashvili, A E Ayo-Bali","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad6b06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad6b06","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, prioritizing short-term economic gains from mineral extraction has led to a critical dilemma: a planet rich in resources struggles with environmental degradation and a diminishing ability to sustain future generations. Open-pit mining exemplifies this paradox, causing significant environmental damage. In Georgia, this extractive industry presents environmental problems. Despite these known consequences, the long-term impacts of mining activities remain understudied. This study addressed this gap by analyzing the effects of open-pit mining on terrain morphology, and water dynamics in the Kazreti region over a 50-year period (1970–2020) and vegetation health over 35-year period (1987–2022). By integrating water quality assessment, spatial analysis and remote sensing, we revealed the significant human-induced changes to the region’s ecosystem. Spatial analysis results suggested that over 156.7 million cubic meters of bedrock have been fragmented by mining in southern East Georgia, with 125.5 million cubic meters deposited in valleys. Consequently, discernible shifts in the trajectories of water flow were observed based on the hydrological model. Additionally, a comparative analysis of NDVI and EVI values revealed a decline in vegetation health near mining zones, while remote forest areas remained stable. June typically showed healthier vegetation due to cooler temperatures and optimal growing conditions, while August presented lower vegetation health due to increased heat stress. Water quality revealed significant loadings of Cu (58–1855 μg l<sup>−1</sup>), Zn (54–2582 μg l<sup>−1</sup>), Mn (1–2167 μg l<sup>−1</sup>), and Cd (0.1–4.5 μg l<sup>−1</sup>), in local river systems, which are higher than the Georgian official guideline values (Cu - 1000, Zn - 1000, Mn—100, Cd—1 μg l<sup>−1</sup>). This study highlighted the need for a broader long-term monitoring strategy to assess the migration of these contaminants within the food web and the consequent socio-economic impact.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate-induced extreme weather events and conflicts are jointly contributing to disruptions in agricultural supply chains and destabilizing global food trade. Since the literature has identified that variations in climatic conditions hamper farming and animal raising, it is necessary to explore the consequences of climate change on crop and livestock exports in order to implement policies that mitigate the exposure and enhance exports. In this context, this study aims to examine the confluence of climate change and conflicts—internal and external—on agricultural and livestock exports in Somalia during 1985–2017. The evidence from the cointegration analysis verified the presence of a consistent long-run cointegration between the variables. The empirical results of the ARDL approach indicate that average rainfall enhances agricultural and livestock exports in Somalia in the short-run and long-run, while mean temperature particularly hampers agricultural exports in the long-run. Despite livestock production was found to be statistically insignificant, crop production positively contributes to agricultural exports. In addition, increases in rural population enhance both export categories in the short-run and long-run. A striking finding from the study indicates that internal and external conflicts decrease crop and animal exports in the long-run, although the coefficients of external conflicts were statistically insignificant. The long-run findings were validated using the FMOLS cointegration approach. Moreover, the causality findings demonstrate a unidirectional causality from agricultural exports to precipitation, temperature fluctuations, and internal conflicts. Furthermore, the study shows that agricultural labor Granger causes farm and livestock exports. To this end, this study recommends policymakers promote product diversification, foster sustainable land management practices, facilitate market access, and invest in resilient farming systems.
{"title":"Examining the confluence of climate change and conflicts on agricultural and livestock exports in Somalia","authors":"Abdikafi Hassan Abdi, Abdisalan Aden Mohamed, Mohamed Okash Sugow and Dhaqane Roble Halane","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad5cce","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad5cce","url":null,"abstract":"Climate-induced extreme weather events and conflicts are jointly contributing to disruptions in agricultural supply chains and destabilizing global food trade. Since the literature has identified that variations in climatic conditions hamper farming and animal raising, it is necessary to explore the consequences of climate change on crop and livestock exports in order to implement policies that mitigate the exposure and enhance exports. In this context, this study aims to examine the confluence of climate change and conflicts—internal and external—on agricultural and livestock exports in Somalia during 1985–2017. The evidence from the cointegration analysis verified the presence of a consistent long-run cointegration between the variables. The empirical results of the ARDL approach indicate that average rainfall enhances agricultural and livestock exports in Somalia in the short-run and long-run, while mean temperature particularly hampers agricultural exports in the long-run. Despite livestock production was found to be statistically insignificant, crop production positively contributes to agricultural exports. In addition, increases in rural population enhance both export categories in the short-run and long-run. A striking finding from the study indicates that internal and external conflicts decrease crop and animal exports in the long-run, although the coefficients of external conflicts were statistically insignificant. The long-run findings were validated using the FMOLS cointegration approach. Moreover, the causality findings demonstrate a unidirectional causality from agricultural exports to precipitation, temperature fluctuations, and internal conflicts. Furthermore, the study shows that agricultural labor Granger causes farm and livestock exports. To this end, this study recommends policymakers promote product diversification, foster sustainable land management practices, facilitate market access, and invest in resilient farming systems.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141776346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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