Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad3369
Xuerou Weng, Jinxin Zhu, Dagang Wang, Ming Zhong, Ming Luo, Yiwen Mei, Guoping Tang
Spatiotemporal variation in rainfall erosivity resulting from changes in rainfall characteristics due to climate change has implications for soil erosion in developing countries. To promote soil and water conservation planning, it is essential to understand past and future changes in rainfall erosivity and their implications on a national scale. In this study, we present an approach that uses a Bayesian model averaging (BMA) method to merge multiple regional climate models (RCMs), thereby improving the reliability of climate-induced rainfall erosivity projections. Our multi-climate model and multi-emission scenario approach utilize five RCMs and two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) scenarios for the baseline period (1986–2005) and future periods (2071–2090) to characterize the spatiotemporal projection of rainfall erosivity and assess variations in China. Our results indicate that the two models outperform other models in reproducing the spatial distribution and annual cycle of rainfall erosivity in China. Moreover, we found an increasing trend in the annual rainfall erosivity from the baseline climate up to the RCMs for all models, with an average change in erosivity of approximately 10.9% and 14.6% under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. Our BMA results showed an increase in the absolute value of rainfall erosivity by 463.3 and 677.0 MJ·mm·hm−2·h−1, respectively, in the South China red soil region and the Southwest China karst region under the RCP8.5 scenario. This increase indicates that climate warming will significantly enhance the potential erosion capacity of rainfall in these regions. Additionally, our study revealed that the Southwest China karst region and the Northwest China Loess Plateau region are more sensitive to radiation forcing. To mitigate the risk of soil erosion caused by climate change, it is necessary to consider changes in rainfall erosivity, local soil conditions, vegetation coverage, and other factors in different regions and take appropriate soil and water conservation measures.
{"title":"Assessing rainfall erosivity changes over China through a Bayesian averaged ensemble of high-resolution climate models","authors":"Xuerou Weng, Jinxin Zhu, Dagang Wang, Ming Zhong, Ming Luo, Yiwen Mei, Guoping Tang","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad3369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad3369","url":null,"abstract":"Spatiotemporal variation in rainfall erosivity resulting from changes in rainfall characteristics due to climate change has implications for soil erosion in developing countries. To promote soil and water conservation planning, it is essential to understand past and future changes in rainfall erosivity and their implications on a national scale. In this study, we present an approach that uses a Bayesian model averaging (BMA) method to merge multiple regional climate models (RCMs), thereby improving the reliability of climate-induced rainfall erosivity projections. Our multi-climate model and multi-emission scenario approach utilize five RCMs and two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) scenarios for the baseline period (1986–2005) and future periods (2071–2090) to characterize the spatiotemporal projection of rainfall erosivity and assess variations in China. Our results indicate that the two models outperform other models in reproducing the spatial distribution and annual cycle of rainfall erosivity in China. Moreover, we found an increasing trend in the annual rainfall erosivity from the baseline climate up to the RCMs for all models, with an average change in erosivity of approximately 10.9% and 14.6% under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. Our BMA results showed an increase in the absolute value of rainfall erosivity by 463.3 and 677.0 MJ·mm·hm<sup>−2</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, in the South China red soil region and the Southwest China karst region under the RCP8.5 scenario. This increase indicates that climate warming will significantly enhance the potential erosion capacity of rainfall in these regions. Additionally, our study revealed that the Southwest China karst region and the Northwest China Loess Plateau region are more sensitive to radiation forcing. To mitigate the risk of soil erosion caused by climate change, it is necessary to consider changes in rainfall erosivity, local soil conditions, vegetation coverage, and other factors in different regions and take appropriate soil and water conservation measures.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140311023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad2a8c
Yijiao Li, Zhina Jiang, Yao Yao, Minghu Ding, Lei Zhang
This study investigates the Arctic sea ice concentration trend during 1979–2021 and explores why the autumn Arctic sea ice loss is accelerated after 2002 and its trend declining center shifts from the Chukchi Sea to the Barents-Kara-Laptev Seas. Attribution analysis reveals that the enhanced summer sea ice concentration negative trend in large part explains the autumn sea ice concentration accelerating reduction, whereas it is the trend center shift of increased downward longwave radiation that accounts for mostly of the autumn sea ice concentration decline center shift. Further analysis suggests the downward longwave radiation trend is closely related to large-scale atmospheric circulation changes. A tendency towards a dipole structure with an anticyclonic circulation over Greenland and the Arctic Ocean and a cyclonic circulation over Barents-Kara Seas enhances (suppresses) the downward longwave radiation over Western (Eastern) Arctic by warming and moistening (cooling and drying) the lower troposphere during 1979–2001. In comparison, a tendency towards a stronger Ural anticyclone combined with positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation pattern significantly promotes the increase of downward longwave radiation over Barents-Kara-Laptev Seas during 2002–2021. Our results set new insights into the Arctic sea ice variability and deepen our understanding of the climate change.
{"title":"Two distinct declining trend of autumn Arctic sea ice concentration before and after 2002","authors":"Yijiao Li, Zhina Jiang, Yao Yao, Minghu Ding, Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad2a8c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad2a8c","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the Arctic sea ice concentration trend during 1979–2021 and explores why the autumn Arctic sea ice loss is accelerated after 2002 and its trend declining center shifts from the Chukchi Sea to the Barents-Kara-Laptev Seas. Attribution analysis reveals that the enhanced summer sea ice concentration negative trend in large part explains the autumn sea ice concentration accelerating reduction, whereas it is the trend center shift of increased downward longwave radiation that accounts for mostly of the autumn sea ice concentration decline center shift. Further analysis suggests the downward longwave radiation trend is closely related to large-scale atmospheric circulation changes. A tendency towards a dipole structure with an anticyclonic circulation over Greenland and the Arctic Ocean and a cyclonic circulation over Barents-Kara Seas enhances (suppresses) the downward longwave radiation over Western (Eastern) Arctic by warming and moistening (cooling and drying) the lower troposphere during 1979–2001. In comparison, a tendency towards a stronger Ural anticyclone combined with positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation pattern significantly promotes the increase of downward longwave radiation over Barents-Kara-Laptev Seas during 2002–2021. Our results set new insights into the Arctic sea ice variability and deepen our understanding of the climate change.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140310939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In response to increasing ecological and environmental challenges in arid areas, it is of great significance to investigate the ecosystem service value (ESV), accompanying the changes in ecological sensitivity for the protection of ecologically vulnerable areas. Our analysis seeks to elucidate the ESV and ecological sensitivity changes in the middle and lower reaches of the Shiyang River to determine the trends and influencing factors of ESV under changing land use patterns. The key findings include: (1) From 1995 to 2020, the ESV in the study area witnessed fluctuations, culminating in an overall decline of 1.249 × 108 yuan. (2) In 2020, sensitivity coefficients (CSs) for ESV were as follows: 0.4335 for grassland, 0.2586 for farmland, and 0.1170 for unused land within the study area. Furthermore, coefficients of improved cross-sensitivity (CICSs) for the reciprocal transformation of farmland, grassland, and unused land were 1.10, 1.18, and 1.54, respectively, indicating the pivotal role of the three land types in driving ESV fluctuations.
{"title":"Assessing the value and sensitivity of ecosystem services based on land use in the middle and lower reaches of the Shiyang River","authors":"Hu Tao, Guanglu Hu, Yalun Fan, Yuanru Bai, Peng Liu, Chengqian Zhou","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad2f15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad2f15","url":null,"abstract":"In response to increasing ecological and environmental challenges in arid areas, it is of great significance to investigate the ecosystem service value (ESV), accompanying the changes in ecological sensitivity for the protection of ecologically vulnerable areas. Our analysis seeks to elucidate the ESV and ecological sensitivity changes in the middle and lower reaches of the Shiyang River to determine the trends and influencing factors of ESV under changing land use patterns. The key findings include: (1) From 1995 to 2020, the ESV in the study area witnessed fluctuations, culminating in an overall decline of 1.249 × 108 yuan. (2) In 2020, sensitivity coefficients (CSs) for ESV were as follows: 0.4335 for grassland, 0.2586 for farmland, and 0.1170 for unused land within the study area. Furthermore, coefficients of improved cross-sensitivity (CICSs) for the reciprocal transformation of farmland, grassland, and unused land were 1.10, 1.18, and 1.54, respectively, indicating the pivotal role of the three land types in driving ESV fluctuations.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140310944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad2a93
Slade Laszewski, Shenyue Jia, Jessica Viner, Wesley Ho, Brian Hoover, Seung Hee Kim, Menas C Kafatos
In California (CA), the wildland-urban interface (WUI) faces escalating challenges due to surging population and real estate development. This study evaluates communities along CA’s WUI that have witnessed substantial population growth from 2010 to 2021, utilizing demographic data and the 2020 WUI boundaries by the University of Wisconsin-Madison SILVIS Lab. Employing the Mann-Kendall test, we analyze yearly population trends for each census tract along the CA WUI and assess their significance. House ownership, affordability, and wildfire risk are examined as potential drivers of this demographic shift. Our findings indicate that 12.7% of CA’s total population now resides in census tracts with significant population increases over the past decade, labeled as ‘high-growth tracts.’ The Bay Area and Southern California, encompassing 76% of all high-growth tracts in CA, witnessed the most substantial population increase along the WUI. Notably, Riverside County stands out with 29.2% of its residents (approximately 717,000 residents) located in high-growth tracts, exemplifying a significant population surge within CA’s WUI. Our analysis identifies a significant relationship between population increase in the WUI, house ownership, and affordability, where lower-priced homes come at the expense of heightened wildfire risk. However, the impact of house affordability on population growth within the WUI varies by region, playing a more prominent role in explaining population proportions in Southern California’s WUI, while in the universally low-affordability Bay Area, other motivations may drive residents to live within the WUI. Given the rapid growth and insufficient consideration of wildfire risk in the WUI, policymakers must take prompt action, ensuring adequate infrastructure and resources as more individuals relocate to areas with heightened wildfire risk.
{"title":"Yearly population data at census tract level revealed that more people are now living in highly fire-prone zones in California, USA","authors":"Slade Laszewski, Shenyue Jia, Jessica Viner, Wesley Ho, Brian Hoover, Seung Hee Kim, Menas C Kafatos","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad2a93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad2a93","url":null,"abstract":"In California (CA), the wildland-urban interface (WUI) faces escalating challenges due to surging population and real estate development. This study evaluates communities along CA’s WUI that have witnessed substantial population growth from 2010 to 2021, utilizing demographic data and the 2020 WUI boundaries by the University of Wisconsin-Madison SILVIS Lab. Employing the Mann-Kendall test, we analyze yearly population trends for each census tract along the CA WUI and assess their significance. House ownership, affordability, and wildfire risk are examined as potential drivers of this demographic shift. Our findings indicate that 12.7% of CA’s total population now resides in census tracts with significant population increases over the past decade, labeled as ‘high-growth tracts.’ The Bay Area and Southern California, encompassing 76% of all high-growth tracts in CA, witnessed the most substantial population increase along the WUI. Notably, Riverside County stands out with 29.2% of its residents (approximately 717,000 residents) located in high-growth tracts, exemplifying a significant population surge within CA’s WUI. Our analysis identifies a significant relationship between population increase in the WUI, house ownership, and affordability, where lower-priced homes come at the expense of heightened wildfire risk. However, the impact of house affordability on population growth within the WUI varies by region, playing a more prominent role in explaining population proportions in Southern California’s WUI, while in the universally low-affordability Bay Area, other motivations may drive residents to live within the WUI. Given the rapid growth and insufficient consideration of wildfire risk in the WUI, policymakers must take prompt action, ensuring adequate infrastructure and resources as more individuals relocate to areas with heightened wildfire risk.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140310937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad27f9
Changchen Ha, Yang Chen, Shumin Dong
This article explores key pathways to improve the Chinese people’s ecological literacy (ecoliteracy) in ecolinguistics, and uses the framework of harmonious discourse analysis (HDA) to show how those pathways work. First, by reviewing HDA and ecoliteracy, we clarified the feasibility of their combined study. Then, a questionnaire was conducted among the inhabitants of one of China’s most ecologically advanced cities, and the key pathways to improving ecoliteracy were determined. The results showed that there were eight factors that were considered to encourage the people to be more ecoliterate, falling into the categories of education, participation in activities, and documents and publicity. We also reviewed a variety of cases and demonstrated the significance of these pathways for ecoliteracy using the framework of HDA. We found that an ecoliterate individual can guide ecological practice better by following the general assumption of human-orientedness and the principles of conscience, proximity, and regulation. These results provide new ways for ecologists and linguists to explore ecological issues, not only broadening the linguistic pathways of ecoliteracy, but also enriching the content of HDA.
{"title":"Key pathways toward developing more ecoliterate individuals: a harmonious discourse analysis perspective","authors":"Changchen Ha, Yang Chen, Shumin Dong","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad27f9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad27f9","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores key pathways to improve the Chinese people’s ecological literacy (ecoliteracy) in ecolinguistics, and uses the framework of harmonious discourse analysis (HDA) to show how those pathways work. First, by reviewing HDA and ecoliteracy, we clarified the feasibility of their combined study. Then, a questionnaire was conducted among the inhabitants of one of China’s most ecologically advanced cities, and the key pathways to improving ecoliteracy were determined. The results showed that there were eight factors that were considered to encourage the people to be more ecoliterate, falling into the categories of education, participation in activities, and documents and publicity. We also reviewed a variety of cases and demonstrated the significance of these pathways for ecoliteracy using the framework of HDA. We found that an ecoliterate individual can guide ecological practice better by following the general assumption of human-orientedness and the principles of conscience, proximity, and regulation. These results provide new ways for ecologists and linguists to explore ecological issues, not only broadening the linguistic pathways of ecoliteracy, but also enriching the content of HDA.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140310942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad2e44
Anna Boser
Machine learning has revolutionized environmental sciences by estimating scarce environmental data, such as air quality, land cover type, wildlife population counts, and disease risk. However, current methods for validating these models often ignore the spatial or temporal structure commonly found in environmental data, leading to inaccurate evaluations of model quality. This paper outlines the problems that can arise from such validation methods and describes how to avoid erroneous assumptions about training data structure. In an example on air quality estimation, we show that a poor model with an r2 of 0.09 can falsely appear to achieve an r2 value of 0.73 by failing to account for Simpson’s paradox. This same model’s r2 can further inflate to 0.82 when improperly splitting data. To ensure high-quality synthetic data for research in environmental science, justice, and health, researchers must use validation procedures that reflect the structure of their training data.
{"title":"Validating spatio-temporal environmental machine learning models: Simpson’s paradox and data splits","authors":"Anna Boser","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad2e44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad2e44","url":null,"abstract":"Machine learning has revolutionized environmental sciences by estimating scarce environmental data, such as air quality, land cover type, wildlife population counts, and disease risk. However, current methods for validating these models often ignore the spatial or temporal structure commonly found in environmental data, leading to inaccurate evaluations of model quality. This paper outlines the problems that can arise from such validation methods and describes how to avoid erroneous assumptions about training data structure. In an example on air quality estimation, we show that a poor model with an <italic toggle=\"yes\">r</italic>\u0000<sup>2</sup> of 0.09 can falsely appear to achieve an <italic toggle=\"yes\">r</italic>\u0000<sup>2</sup> value of 0.73 by failing to account for Simpson’s paradox. This same model’s <italic toggle=\"yes\">r</italic>\u0000<sup>2</sup> can further inflate to 0.82 when improperly splitting data. To ensure high-quality synthetic data for research in environmental science, justice, and health, researchers must use validation procedures that reflect the structure of their training data.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140310941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad2c65
Songze Hao, Ke Zhang, Xiaohui Zhao, Jin Huang, Qingrui Zhao, Chengyu Wang, Hongpei Zhang, Xiaodan Wang, Binguo Zheng
Environmental regulation tools are one of the conventional means for pollution control in various countries. For large-scale urbanization regions, reasonable pre-allocation of pollutant emission amount for each area is an effective regulation to improve air quality. Treating pollutant emission quota as a resource element, a comprehensive input-output model has been established based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, to evaluate the rationality of pollutant emission allocation and provide adjustment scheme, thus developing an environmental regulation tool. The index system includes factors of economy, environment, energy consumption, demographic and land-use as input indicators, regional GDP and environmental air quality index as output indicators. The regulation tool is applied to the current air pollutant emission management in Henan Province, China. The results show that 7 cities need to further adjust the allocation scheme, among which, Anyang, Xinxiang, Nanyang and Shangqiu are suggested to reduce the emission allocation quotas; Puyang and Zhumadian are suggested to increase the emission allocation quotas; Pingdingshan shall seek optimization paths through collaborative improvement. Further, to verify the effectiveness of the tool, by joint using Random Forest Regression (RFR), a DEA efficiency reassessment is conducted on the obtained new allocation scheme of Nanyang City. The results show that the efficiency of the new allocation scheme has reached optimal. This study provides a practical and effective regulation tool for regional management of pollutant emission, to balance economic growth and environmental protection.
环境监管手段是各国控制污染的常规手段之一。对于大规模城市化地区，合理预分配各地区污染物排放总量是改善空气质量的有效调控手段。将污染物排放配额作为一种资源要素，基于数据包络分析（DEA）方法，建立综合投入产出模型，评价污染物排放分配的合理性并提供调整方案，从而开发环境调控工具。该指标体系以经济、环境、能耗、人口和土地利用等要素为输入指标，以地区 GDP 和环境空气质量指数为输出指标。该调节工具被应用于中国河南省目前的大气污染物排放管理。结果表明，7 个城市需要进一步调整分配方案，其中安阳、新乡、南阳和商丘建议减少排放分配配额；濮阳和驻马店建议增加排放分配配额；平顶山应通过协同改进寻求优化路径。此外，为了验证该工具的有效性，通过联合使用随机森林回归（RFR），对得到的南阳市新分配方案进行了 DEA 效率再评估。结果表明，新分配方案的效率达到最优。本研究为污染物排放的区域管理提供了一个实用有效的调节工具，以平衡经济增长与环境保护之间的关系。
{"title":"An innovative environmental regulation tool for regional air pollution based on DEA-RFR","authors":"Songze Hao, Ke Zhang, Xiaohui Zhao, Jin Huang, Qingrui Zhao, Chengyu Wang, Hongpei Zhang, Xiaodan Wang, Binguo Zheng","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad2c65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad2c65","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental regulation tools are one of the conventional means for pollution control in various countries. For large-scale urbanization regions, reasonable pre-allocation of pollutant emission amount for each area is an effective regulation to improve air quality. Treating pollutant emission quota as a resource element, a comprehensive input-output model has been established based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, to evaluate the rationality of pollutant emission allocation and provide adjustment scheme, thus developing an environmental regulation tool. The index system includes factors of economy, environment, energy consumption, demographic and land-use as input indicators, regional GDP and environmental air quality index as output indicators. The regulation tool is applied to the current air pollutant emission management in Henan Province, China. The results show that 7 cities need to further adjust the allocation scheme, among which, Anyang, Xinxiang, Nanyang and Shangqiu are suggested to reduce the emission allocation quotas; Puyang and Zhumadian are suggested to increase the emission allocation quotas; Pingdingshan shall seek optimization paths through collaborative improvement. Further, to verify the effectiveness of the tool, by joint using Random Forest Regression (RFR), a DEA efficiency reassessment is conducted on the obtained new allocation scheme of Nanyang City. The results show that the efficiency of the new allocation scheme has reached optimal. This study provides a practical and effective regulation tool for regional management of pollutant emission, to balance economic growth and environmental protection.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140311242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad2d77
Christopher S Malley, Jenniffer I Pedraza, Luisa González, Maria del Carmen Cabeza, Mauricio Gaitan, John H Melo, Silvia Ulloa, Johan C I Kuylenstierna, Seraphine Haeussling, Elsa N Lefèvre
Limiting global temperature increases to below 1.5 °C requires reductions in Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCPs), like methane, black carbon, and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which is rarely reflected in targets within Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Colombia’s 2020 NDC is explored as a case study for how Governments can integrate SLCP mitigation targets into climate change commitments. Methane and HFC mitigation contribute approximately 9% of Colombia’s GHG reduction commitment, and a separate target is included to reduce black carbon emissions by 40% by 2030 compared to 2014 levels. These targets are shown to be ambitious, due to the inclusion of a new black carbon target, realistic due to the identification of mitigation measures to achieve them, and additional to CO2 mitigation. Analysis of the planning process establishing these targets emphasises the importance of long-term planning to obtain agreement between coordinating institutions and implementing institutions on the utility of SLCP targets, and capacity-building within national institutions.
{"title":"Development of ambitious and realistic targets to reduce short-lived climate pollutant emissions in nationally determined contributions: case study for Colombia","authors":"Christopher S Malley, Jenniffer I Pedraza, Luisa González, Maria del Carmen Cabeza, Mauricio Gaitan, John H Melo, Silvia Ulloa, Johan C I Kuylenstierna, Seraphine Haeussling, Elsa N Lefèvre","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad2d77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad2d77","url":null,"abstract":"Limiting global temperature increases to below 1.5 °C requires reductions in Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCPs), like methane, black carbon, and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which is rarely reflected in targets within Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Colombia’s 2020 NDC is explored as a case study for how Governments can integrate SLCP mitigation targets into climate change commitments. Methane and HFC mitigation contribute approximately 9% of Colombia’s GHG reduction commitment, and a separate target is included to reduce black carbon emissions by 40% by 2030 compared to 2014 levels. These targets are shown to be <italic toggle=\"yes\">ambitious</italic>, due to the inclusion of a new black carbon target, <italic toggle=\"yes\">realistic</italic> due to the identification of mitigation measures to achieve them, and <italic toggle=\"yes\">additional</italic> to CO<sub>2</sub> mitigation. Analysis of the planning process establishing these targets emphasises the importance of long-term planning to obtain agreement between coordinating institutions and implementing institutions on the utility of SLCP targets, and capacity-building within national institutions.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140311575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad2bb7
Jiahui Hu, Michael Wachendorf, Willis Gwenzi, Ben Joseph, Kathrin Stenchly, Korbinian Kaetzl
Interest in biochar as an additive to enhance anaerobic digestion (AD) has grown in the context of biomass cascading use and the 2050 net-zero goal. However, few studies have investigated the effects of biochar on AD from a biochar production perspective, including biomass feedstocks and pyrolysis temperatures. To valorise biomass and better understand the mechanisms and environmental implications of using biochar in AD, this study investigated the effects of distinct biochar types on AD under acid stress-induced process inhibition using batch tests. The results demonstrated that biochar can mitigate acid stress and enhance the methane production rate. The kinetic rate constant of methane production is positively related to the buffer capacity of the tested biochars (R2 = 0.88). The choice of feedstocks is a crucial factor (P = 0.003), particularly the best-performing biochars derived from raw grass silage. In contrast, the pyrolysis temperature effect was less significant (P = 0.18). Furthermore, the analysis of biochar indicates that the alkali (K) and alkaline earth (Ca, Mg) metals contained in biochar may be one of the important factors contributing to buffer capacity (R2 = 0.82 to 0.86). Hence, buffer capacity is a crucial quality criteria when evaluating biochar for AD applications. Raw grass silage biochars are promising for acid stress mitigation due to their high buffer capacity, while carbon-rich woody biochars have high CO2 sequestration potential. A compromise between mitigating acid stress and sequestering carbon is the use of pre-treated grass biochar. Overall, the use of biochar-enriched digestate offers a potential way to close material loops and complete the biomass-to-biochar value chain.
{"title":"Improving acid-stressed anaerobic digestion processes with biochar - towards a combined biomass and carbon management system","authors":"Jiahui Hu, Michael Wachendorf, Willis Gwenzi, Ben Joseph, Kathrin Stenchly, Korbinian Kaetzl","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad2bb7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad2bb7","url":null,"abstract":"Interest in biochar as an additive to enhance anaerobic digestion (AD) has grown in the context of biomass cascading use and the 2050 net-zero goal. However, few studies have investigated the effects of biochar on AD from a biochar production perspective, including biomass feedstocks and pyrolysis temperatures. To valorise biomass and better understand the mechanisms and environmental implications of using biochar in AD, this study investigated the effects of distinct biochar types on AD under acid stress-induced process inhibition using batch tests. The results demonstrated that biochar can mitigate acid stress and enhance the methane production rate. The kinetic rate constant of methane production is positively related to the buffer capacity of the tested biochars (<italic toggle=\"yes\">R</italic>\u0000<sup>2</sup> = 0.88). The choice of feedstocks is a crucial factor (<italic toggle=\"yes\">P</italic> = 0.003), particularly the best-performing biochars derived from raw grass silage. In contrast, the pyrolysis temperature effect was less significant (<italic toggle=\"yes\">P</italic> = 0.18). Furthermore, the analysis of biochar indicates that the alkali (K) and alkaline earth (Ca, Mg) metals contained in biochar may be one of the important factors contributing to buffer capacity (<italic toggle=\"yes\">R</italic>\u0000<sup>2</sup> = 0.82 to 0.86). Hence, buffer capacity is a crucial quality criteria when evaluating biochar for AD applications. Raw grass silage biochars are promising for acid stress mitigation due to their high buffer capacity, while carbon-rich woody biochars have high CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration potential. A compromise between mitigating acid stress and sequestering carbon is the use of pre-treated grass biochar. Overall, the use of biochar-enriched digestate offers a potential way to close material loops and complete the biomass-to-biochar value chain.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140311025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad2d00
Hadeel Albsoul, Dat Tien Doan, Ali GhaffarianHoseini
This paper examines the significant increase in construction waste (CW) due to urbanisation and population growth in New Zealand and worldwide. The aim is to estimate CW using available data in New Zealand and identify relevant indicators to employ estimation methods. Various methods and models for estimating CW at the urban level and from building activities are reviewed. According to the best available data, the paper uses the per-capita multiplier and waste generation rate methods to estimate CW in New Zealand. New Zealand’s per-capita multiplier for CW is 943.46 kg/per capita. The waste generation method using the floor area indicator is applied at residential and non-residential building levels. The estimated CW in 2021 was 531,109 tonnes for residential and non-residential buildings using the floor area indicator. The findings reveal a positive relationship between residential building activity and population growth, with Auckland generating the highest rate of CW. Because of the limitations of the available data and estimation methods, the paper highlights the need for standardised data collection systems and outreach programs to improve CW estimation practices. Further research is recommended to enhance waste reduction strategies and identify high-waste-generating materials and methods. It is vital to have accurate CW estimations to support project waste management plans and sustainable construction practices and to inform waste management policies and regulations at the regional or national level.
{"title":"Estimating construction waste in New Zealand: a focus on urban areas, residential and non-residential building activities","authors":"Hadeel Albsoul, Dat Tien Doan, Ali GhaffarianHoseini","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad2d00","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad2d00","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the significant increase in construction waste (CW) due to urbanisation and population growth in New Zealand and worldwide. The aim is to estimate CW using available data in New Zealand and identify relevant indicators to employ estimation methods. Various methods and models for estimating CW at the urban level and from building activities are reviewed. According to the best available data, the paper uses the per-capita multiplier and waste generation rate methods to estimate CW in New Zealand. New Zealand’s per-capita multiplier for CW is 943.46 kg/per capita. The waste generation method using the floor area indicator is applied at residential and non-residential building levels. The estimated CW in 2021 was 531,109 tonnes for residential and non-residential buildings using the floor area indicator. The findings reveal a positive relationship between residential building activity and population growth, with Auckland generating the highest rate of CW. Because of the limitations of the available data and estimation methods, the paper highlights the need for standardised data collection systems and outreach programs to improve CW estimation practices. Further research is recommended to enhance waste reduction strategies and identify high-waste-generating materials and methods. It is vital to have accurate CW estimations to support project waste management plans and sustainable construction practices and to inform waste management policies and regulations at the regional or national level.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140311414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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