{"title":"Correction to: Webs of intrigue: museum genomics elucidate relationships of the marronoid spider clade (Araneae)","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixae018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixae018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141696306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Comparisons of mitogenomes are widely used for species identification and to explore the phylogenetic relationship among insect taxa. Batracomorphus is the third most diverse and widely distributed genus in the Cicadellidae (Hemiptera). However, there have been no analyses of genome structure and phylogenetic relationships within the genus. To compensate for the paucity of genomic information in this genus, we sequenced novel complete mitochondrial genomes of 11 Batracomorphus species and combined these with 23 previously sequenced mitochondrial genomes to perform structural comparisons and phylogenomic studies. Our results reveal generally conserved mitogenome organization, with one case of tRNA gene rearrangement, with trnI-trnQ reversed to trnQ-trnI when compared with the ancestral arrangement. Analysis of the ratio of nonsynonymous (Ka) to synonymous substitutions (Ks) showed ATP8 is the fastest and COI is the slowest evolving gene. ND2 and ND6 have highly variable nucleotide diversity, whereas COI and ND1 exhibit the lowest diversity. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences grouped Batracomorphus species into a clade within the subfamily Iassinae. Within Batracomorphus, 3 clades were reconstructed consistent with the observed gene rearrangement, indicating that such rearrangements can serve as reliable molecular markers supporting phylogenetic hypotheses. These clades also correspond to clusters of species recovered by morphometric analysis of aedeagal shape, suggesting that characters of the male genitalia traditionally used for species delimitation are phylogenetically informative. Molecular divergence time estimates indicate that most speciation events within Batracomorphus occurred between the Paleogene and Neogene. This study provides insight into the population genetics, molecular biology, phylogeny, and morphological evolution of the leafhopper subfamily Iassinae and its largest genus, Batracomorphus.
{"title":"Exploring the mitogenomes of Batracomorphus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae): new insights from structural diversity and phylogenomic analyses","authors":"Yulin Hu, Christopher H. Dietrich, Wu Dai","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixae013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixae013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Comparisons of mitogenomes are widely used for species identification and to explore the phylogenetic relationship among insect taxa. Batracomorphus is the third most diverse and widely distributed genus in the Cicadellidae (Hemiptera). However, there have been no analyses of genome structure and phylogenetic relationships within the genus. To compensate for the paucity of genomic information in this genus, we sequenced novel complete mitochondrial genomes of 11 Batracomorphus species and combined these with 23 previously sequenced mitochondrial genomes to perform structural comparisons and phylogenomic studies. Our results reveal generally conserved mitogenome organization, with one case of tRNA gene rearrangement, with trnI-trnQ reversed to trnQ-trnI when compared with the ancestral arrangement. Analysis of the ratio of nonsynonymous (Ka) to synonymous substitutions (Ks) showed ATP8 is the fastest and COI is the slowest evolving gene. ND2 and ND6 have highly variable nucleotide diversity, whereas COI and ND1 exhibit the lowest diversity. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences grouped Batracomorphus species into a clade within the subfamily Iassinae. Within Batracomorphus, 3 clades were reconstructed consistent with the observed gene rearrangement, indicating that such rearrangements can serve as reliable molecular markers supporting phylogenetic hypotheses. These clades also correspond to clusters of species recovered by morphometric analysis of aedeagal shape, suggesting that characters of the male genitalia traditionally used for species delimitation are phylogenetically informative. Molecular divergence time estimates indicate that most speciation events within Batracomorphus occurred between the Paleogene and Neogene. This study provides insight into the population genetics, molecular biology, phylogeny, and morphological evolution of the leafhopper subfamily Iassinae and its largest genus, Batracomorphus.","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141707982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jia Jin Marc Chang, Michael J Raupach, Lanna Cheng, J. Damgaard, Watcharapong Hongjamrassilp, Yin Cheong Aden Ip, Matthew Hui-Chieh Ng, Wan Wen Rochelle Chan, Ismael Kunning, Bryna Jia Ying Liang, D. Maggioni, Ralph R. Mana, H. Mishra, Maxine A. D. Mowe, Benjamin J. Wainwright, Jonathan L Whitney, K. Wolfe, Darren C. J. Yeo, Danwei Huang
Gerromorpha Popov, 1971 is a fascinating and diverse insect lineage that evolved about 200 Mya to spend their entire life cycle on the air–water interface and have since colonized all types of aquatic habitats. The subfamily Halobatinae Bianchi, 1896 is particularly interesting because some species have adapted to life on the open ocean—a habitat where insects are very rarely found. Several attempts have been made to reconstruct the phylogenetic hypotheses of this subfamily, but the use of a few partial gene sequences recovered only a handful of well-supported relationships, thus limiting evolutionary inferences. Fortunately, the emergence of high-throughput sequencing technologies has enabled the recovery of more genetic markers for phylogenetic inference. We applied genome skimming to obtain mitochondrial and nuclear genes from low-coverage whole-genome sequencing of 85 specimens for reconstructing a well-supported phylogeny, with particular emphasis on Halobatinae. Our study confirmed that Metrocorini Matsuda, 1960, is paraphyletic, whereas Esakia Lundblad, 1933, and Ventidius Distant, 1910, are more closely related to Halobatini Bianchi, 1896, than Metrocoris Mayr, 1865, and Eurymetra Esaki, 1926. We also found that Ventidius is paraphyletic and in need of a taxonomic revision. Ancestral state reconstruction suggests that Halobatinae evolved progressively from limnic to coastal habitats, eventually attaining a marine lifestyle, especially in the genus Halobates Eschscholtz, 1822, where the oceanic lifestyle evolved thrice. Our results demonstrate that genome skimming is a powerful and straightforward approach to recover genetic loci for robust phylogenetic analysis in non-model insects.
{"title":"Skimming the skaters: genome skimming improves phylogenetic resolution of Halobatinae (Hemiptera: Gerridae)","authors":"Jia Jin Marc Chang, Michael J Raupach, Lanna Cheng, J. Damgaard, Watcharapong Hongjamrassilp, Yin Cheong Aden Ip, Matthew Hui-Chieh Ng, Wan Wen Rochelle Chan, Ismael Kunning, Bryna Jia Ying Liang, D. Maggioni, Ralph R. Mana, H. Mishra, Maxine A. D. Mowe, Benjamin J. Wainwright, Jonathan L Whitney, K. Wolfe, Darren C. J. Yeo, Danwei Huang","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixae015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixae015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Gerromorpha Popov, 1971 is a fascinating and diverse insect lineage that evolved about 200 Mya to spend their entire life cycle on the air–water interface and have since colonized all types of aquatic habitats. The subfamily Halobatinae Bianchi, 1896 is particularly interesting because some species have adapted to life on the open ocean—a habitat where insects are very rarely found. Several attempts have been made to reconstruct the phylogenetic hypotheses of this subfamily, but the use of a few partial gene sequences recovered only a handful of well-supported relationships, thus limiting evolutionary inferences. Fortunately, the emergence of high-throughput sequencing technologies has enabled the recovery of more genetic markers for phylogenetic inference. We applied genome skimming to obtain mitochondrial and nuclear genes from low-coverage whole-genome sequencing of 85 specimens for reconstructing a well-supported phylogeny, with particular emphasis on Halobatinae. Our study confirmed that Metrocorini Matsuda, 1960, is paraphyletic, whereas Esakia Lundblad, 1933, and Ventidius Distant, 1910, are more closely related to Halobatini Bianchi, 1896, than Metrocoris Mayr, 1865, and Eurymetra Esaki, 1926. We also found that Ventidius is paraphyletic and in need of a taxonomic revision. Ancestral state reconstruction suggests that Halobatinae evolved progressively from limnic to coastal habitats, eventually attaining a marine lifestyle, especially in the genus Halobates Eschscholtz, 1822, where the oceanic lifestyle evolved thrice. Our results demonstrate that genome skimming is a powerful and straightforward approach to recover genetic loci for robust phylogenetic analysis in non-model insects.","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141845399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erin Taylor Kelly, J. Whittall, P. Poolprasert, Janice S Edgerly
Polyneopteran insects have relatively large genomes compared to holometabolous insects, which appear constrained by a threshold of 2 pg/1C DNA. This threshold may be due to costly complex development and higher energy demands. Genome sizes (GSs) are particularly bulky in various species of Orthoptera, reaching sizes up to 18.64 pg/1C DNA, however, recent analyses comparing insect GSs neglected the order Embioptera (webspinners). Our access to fresh specimens of 12 species from 6 of the 13 named taxonomic families provided a chance to determine if embiopterans also support bulky genomes. Flow cytometry results revealed that embiopteran GSs ranged from 2.41 to 7.56 pg/1C, similar to other polyneopterans. Based on previous studies reporting correlations with GS, we tested for correlations between GS and body length using independent contrasts. The ancestral state of the root was estimated at 4.57 pg/1C. A positive relationship was detected whereby larger-bodied webspinners displayed larger genomes, with female Antipaluria urichi (Saussure) (Clothodidae) having the largest genome at 7.56 pg/1C. This GS is approximately 3 times larger than the previously reported embiopteran GS of pg = 2.66 for a male Oligotoma saundersii (Westwood) (Oligotomidae). GS showed no consistent patterns of phylogenetic signal for Embioptera. The underlying causes for large genomes are briefly reviewed.
{"title":"Twelve more bulky genomes in the Polyneoptera: characterizing the Order Embioptera","authors":"Erin Taylor Kelly, J. Whittall, P. Poolprasert, Janice S Edgerly","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixae010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixae010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Polyneopteran insects have relatively large genomes compared to holometabolous insects, which appear constrained by a threshold of 2 pg/1C DNA. This threshold may be due to costly complex development and higher energy demands. Genome sizes (GSs) are particularly bulky in various species of Orthoptera, reaching sizes up to 18.64 pg/1C DNA, however, recent analyses comparing insect GSs neglected the order Embioptera (webspinners). Our access to fresh specimens of 12 species from 6 of the 13 named taxonomic families provided a chance to determine if embiopterans also support bulky genomes. Flow cytometry results revealed that embiopteran GSs ranged from 2.41 to 7.56 pg/1C, similar to other polyneopterans. Based on previous studies reporting correlations with GS, we tested for correlations between GS and body length using independent contrasts. The ancestral state of the root was estimated at 4.57 pg/1C. A positive relationship was detected whereby larger-bodied webspinners displayed larger genomes, with female Antipaluria urichi (Saussure) (Clothodidae) having the largest genome at 7.56 pg/1C. This GS is approximately 3 times larger than the previously reported embiopteran GS of pg = 2.66 for a male Oligotoma saundersii (Westwood) (Oligotomidae). GS showed no consistent patterns of phylogenetic signal for Embioptera. The underlying causes for large genomes are briefly reviewed.","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141023709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stanislav Kolenčík, O. Sychra, Kevin P. Johnson, J. Weckstein, Mohamed F Sallam, Julie M Allen
Myrsidea Waterston, 1915 (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) is the most diverse genus of avian chewing lice. Myrsidea has a global distribution, is thought to be highly host-specific, and parasitizes mostly passerine birds. However, the rate of taxonomic studies describing new species is relatively low, and it is thought that much of the diversity of Myrsidea is yet to be discovered. This low rate of taxonomic description for this genus, and many others, may be related to the time-consuming nature of morphological species description and a lack of expertise in louse taxonomy. Furthermore, most of the taxonomic revisions and reviews have focused on specific host families, and no comprehensive review of the morphology and molecular work of Myrsidea has been completed in the last 20 years. Here, we review the taxonomy and systematics of Myrsidea to (i) describe this chewing louse genus and its biological importance; (ii) describe current problems with its taxonomy; (iii) simplify and summarize morphological descriptions; (iv) summarize molecular data; and (v) provide a comprehensive checklist of the Myrsidea species, with all publications and localities of occurrence included. Together, we hope that this information will provide researchers with a single source of information on the genus Myrsidea, making it easier for work to proceed on its taxonomy, systematics, ecology, and evolution. Importantly, our work highlights important gaps in our knowledge of Myrsidea, providing guideposts on where future work on Myrsidea is needed.
{"title":"The parasitic louse genus Myrsidea (Amblycera: Menoponidae): a comprehensive review and world checklist","authors":"Stanislav Kolenčík, O. Sychra, Kevin P. Johnson, J. Weckstein, Mohamed F Sallam, Julie M Allen","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixae007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixae007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Myrsidea Waterston, 1915 (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) is the most diverse genus of avian chewing lice. Myrsidea has a global distribution, is thought to be highly host-specific, and parasitizes mostly passerine birds. However, the rate of taxonomic studies describing new species is relatively low, and it is thought that much of the diversity of Myrsidea is yet to be discovered. This low rate of taxonomic description for this genus, and many others, may be related to the time-consuming nature of morphological species description and a lack of expertise in louse taxonomy. Furthermore, most of the taxonomic revisions and reviews have focused on specific host families, and no comprehensive review of the morphology and molecular work of Myrsidea has been completed in the last 20 years. Here, we review the taxonomy and systematics of Myrsidea to (i) describe this chewing louse genus and its biological importance; (ii) describe current problems with its taxonomy; (iii) simplify and summarize morphological descriptions; (iv) summarize molecular data; and (v) provide a comprehensive checklist of the Myrsidea species, with all publications and localities of occurrence included. Together, we hope that this information will provide researchers with a single source of information on the genus Myrsidea, making it easier for work to proceed on its taxonomy, systematics, ecology, and evolution. Importantly, our work highlights important gaps in our knowledge of Myrsidea, providing guideposts on where future work on Myrsidea is needed.","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141043688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to: UCE phylogenomics, biogeography, and classification of long-horned bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Eucerini), with insights on using specimens with extremely degraded DNA","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixae005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixae005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140399522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erika L. Garcia, Quincy G Hansen, Paula E. Cushing
Morphology has long been used to classify and identify living organisms. However, taxonomic descriptions are often limited to qualitative descriptions of size and shape, making identification difficult due to the subjective language used to describe complex shapes. Additionally, for some taxa, there are few reliable qualitative characters available for delimitation that have yet to be tested objectively in a phylogenetic context. Solifugae is one such example. The order, Solifugae, is recognized from the other arachnid orders by the possession of large, powerful jaws or chelicerae. Male cheliceral morphology is the leading diagnostic character system in solifuge systematics and is the basis for much of solifuge current taxonomy. Female chelicerae, on the other hand, are reportedly deeply conserved and much of the species identification is based on female operculum morphology. To elucidate patterns of chelicerae and opercula trait evolution within the solifuge family, Eremobatidae, we used a 2-dimenstional morphological analysis using an Elliptical Fourier approach for closed outlines, in addition to an analysis of traditionally used measures in a phylogenetic context. Using ancestral state reconstruction and ultra-conserved elements, we assessed the taxonomic utility of female cheliceral and opercular morphology, and we evaluated which male morphological characters reflect shared, derived ancestry. Investigation into ubiquitously used character sets, in addition to newly proposed characters herein, illustrates the complex evolution of traits with high levels of convergence. Our results provide taxonomic insight into future, higher level taxonomic revisions of Eremobatidae.
{"title":"Camel spider trait evolution demonstrates repeated patterns of convergence (Arachnida: Solifugae: Eremobatidae)","authors":"Erika L. Garcia, Quincy G Hansen, Paula E. Cushing","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixae002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixae002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Morphology has long been used to classify and identify living organisms. However, taxonomic descriptions are often limited to qualitative descriptions of size and shape, making identification difficult due to the subjective language used to describe complex shapes. Additionally, for some taxa, there are few reliable qualitative characters available for delimitation that have yet to be tested objectively in a phylogenetic context. Solifugae is one such example. The order, Solifugae, is recognized from the other arachnid orders by the possession of large, powerful jaws or chelicerae. Male cheliceral morphology is the leading diagnostic character system in solifuge systematics and is the basis for much of solifuge current taxonomy. Female chelicerae, on the other hand, are reportedly deeply conserved and much of the species identification is based on female operculum morphology. To elucidate patterns of chelicerae and opercula trait evolution within the solifuge family, Eremobatidae, we used a 2-dimenstional morphological analysis using an Elliptical Fourier approach for closed outlines, in addition to an analysis of traditionally used measures in a phylogenetic context. Using ancestral state reconstruction and ultra-conserved elements, we assessed the taxonomic utility of female cheliceral and opercular morphology, and we evaluated which male morphological characters reflect shared, derived ancestry. Investigation into ubiquitously used character sets, in addition to newly proposed characters herein, illustrates the complex evolution of traits with high levels of convergence. Our results provide taxonomic insight into future, higher level taxonomic revisions of Eremobatidae.","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140516617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reviewers for Insect Systematics and Diversity (November 2022–October 2023)","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixad025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixad025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139392317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kathryn A Sullivan, Erika M Tucker, N. J. Dowdy, Julie M Allen, Vijay Barve, James H Boone, Sarah E Bush, Neal L Evenhuis, Michael Hastriter, Jessica E Light, Teresa Mayfield-Meyer, Barry M OConnor, J. Poelen, Gabor R Racz, Katja C. Seltmann, J. Zaspel
Classification of the biological diversity on Earth is foundational to all areas of research within the natural sciences. Reliable biological nomenclatural and taxonomic systems facilitate efficient access to information about organisms and their names over time. However, broadly sharing, accessing, delivering, and updating these resources remains a persistent problem. This barrier has been acknowledged by the biodiversity data sharing community, yet concrete efforts to standardize and continually update taxonomic names in a sustainable way remain limited. High diversity groups such as arthropods are especially challenging as available specimen data per number of species is substantially lower than vertebrate or plant groups. The Terrestrial Parasite Tracker Thematic Collections Network project developed a workflow for gathering expert-verified taxonomic names across all available sources, aligning those sources, and publishing a single resource that provides a model for future endeavors to standardize digital specimen identification data. The process involved gathering expert-verified nomenclature lists representing the full taxonomic scope of terrestrial arthropod parasites, documenting issues experienced, and finding potential solutions for reconciliation of taxonomic resources against large data publishers. Although discordance between our expert resources and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility are relatively low, the impact across all taxa affects thousands of names that correspond to hundreds of thousands of specimen records. Here, we demonstrate a mechanism for the delivery and continued maintenance of these taxonomic resources, while highlighting the current state of taxon name curation for biodiversity data sharing.
{"title":"Building a community-based taxonomic resource for digitization of parasites and their hosts","authors":"Kathryn A Sullivan, Erika M Tucker, N. J. Dowdy, Julie M Allen, Vijay Barve, James H Boone, Sarah E Bush, Neal L Evenhuis, Michael Hastriter, Jessica E Light, Teresa Mayfield-Meyer, Barry M OConnor, J. Poelen, Gabor R Racz, Katja C. Seltmann, J. Zaspel","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixad023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixad023","url":null,"abstract":"Classification of the biological diversity on Earth is foundational to all areas of research within the natural sciences. Reliable biological nomenclatural and taxonomic systems facilitate efficient access to information about organisms and their names over time. However, broadly sharing, accessing, delivering, and updating these resources remains a persistent problem. This barrier has been acknowledged by the biodiversity data sharing community, yet concrete efforts to standardize and continually update taxonomic names in a sustainable way remain limited. High diversity groups such as arthropods are especially challenging as available specimen data per number of species is substantially lower than vertebrate or plant groups. The Terrestrial Parasite Tracker Thematic Collections Network project developed a workflow for gathering expert-verified taxonomic names across all available sources, aligning those sources, and publishing a single resource that provides a model for future endeavors to standardize digital specimen identification data. The process involved gathering expert-verified nomenclature lists representing the full taxonomic scope of terrestrial arthropod parasites, documenting issues experienced, and finding potential solutions for reconciliation of taxonomic resources against large data publishers. Although discordance between our expert resources and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility are relatively low, the impact across all taxa affects thousands of names that correspond to hundreds of thousands of specimen records. Here, we demonstrate a mechanism for the delivery and continued maintenance of these taxonomic resources, while highlighting the current state of taxon name curation for biodiversity data sharing.","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139294825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vladislav Ivanov, Gergin Blagoev, Samuel Danflous, Peter Gajdoš, Toke Thomas Høye, Kyung Min Lee, Yuri Marusik, Cecilie Lohse Mielec, Christoph Muster, Julien Pétillon, Jörg Spelda, Marko Mutanen
Abstract Holarctic species offer great opportunities to study biogeography, phylogenetics, taxonomy, and local adaptation. Species that are considered conspecific between the Palearctic and the Nearctic realms are often split into 2 or more species when denser sampling and molecular markers are applied. Similar in complexity but at a finer geographical scale are species groups having Arctic-Alpine distributions where lineages have complicated demographic histories due to glacial dynamics. In both cases, allopatric speciation might not result in fast differentiation of morphological characters if environmental conditions in isolated areas are similar and the main driver of variability is genetic drift. Here, we study the Holarctic Pardosa hyperborea (Thorell, 1872) and its closest European relatives to assess their taxonomic status and patterns of genetic variability. Based on DNA barcodes and genomic data from double-digest restriction site associated sequencing, we propose that the North American populations should be regarded as a distinct species (P. luteola Emerton,1894, stat. resurr.), possibly consisting of several independent lineages. With the help of D-statistics, population genetic simulations and phylogenetic networks analysis, we demonstrate historical introgression among European species of the group and a likely explanation for shared DNA barcodes among allopatric and fully differentiated species. Our study exposes a promising model for studying speciation processes and demographic history in parallel on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean and demonstrates the usefulness of genomic tools in elucidating the taxonomy and biogeography of taxa across broad geographic scales.
{"title":"Across mountains and ocean: species delimitation and historical connectivity in Holarctic and Arctic-Alpine wolf spiders (Lycosidae, <i>Pardosa</i>)","authors":"Vladislav Ivanov, Gergin Blagoev, Samuel Danflous, Peter Gajdoš, Toke Thomas Høye, Kyung Min Lee, Yuri Marusik, Cecilie Lohse Mielec, Christoph Muster, Julien Pétillon, Jörg Spelda, Marko Mutanen","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixad018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixad018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Holarctic species offer great opportunities to study biogeography, phylogenetics, taxonomy, and local adaptation. Species that are considered conspecific between the Palearctic and the Nearctic realms are often split into 2 or more species when denser sampling and molecular markers are applied. Similar in complexity but at a finer geographical scale are species groups having Arctic-Alpine distributions where lineages have complicated demographic histories due to glacial dynamics. In both cases, allopatric speciation might not result in fast differentiation of morphological characters if environmental conditions in isolated areas are similar and the main driver of variability is genetic drift. Here, we study the Holarctic Pardosa hyperborea (Thorell, 1872) and its closest European relatives to assess their taxonomic status and patterns of genetic variability. Based on DNA barcodes and genomic data from double-digest restriction site associated sequencing, we propose that the North American populations should be regarded as a distinct species (P. luteola Emerton,1894, stat. resurr.), possibly consisting of several independent lineages. With the help of D-statistics, population genetic simulations and phylogenetic networks analysis, we demonstrate historical introgression among European species of the group and a likely explanation for shared DNA barcodes among allopatric and fully differentiated species. Our study exposes a promising model for studying speciation processes and demographic history in parallel on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean and demonstrates the usefulness of genomic tools in elucidating the taxonomy and biogeography of taxa across broad geographic scales.","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135254876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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