{"title":"Editorial: Introducing the New Editors-in-Chief of Insect Systematics and Diversity and Sharing Their Vision","authors":"J. Bond, Hojun Song","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixac005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixac005","url":null,"abstract":"We, Drs. Hojun","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":"6 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49616269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lazzat Aibekova, B. Boudinot, R. Beutel, A. Richter, R. Keller, F. Hita-Garcia, E. Economo
Abstract The mesosoma is the power core of the ant, containing critical structural and muscular elements for the movement of the head, legs, and metasoma. It has been hypothesized that adaptation to ground locomotion and the loss of flight led to the substantial rearrangements in the mesosoma in worker ants and that it is likely the ant mesosoma has undergone functional modifications as ants diversified into different ecological and behavioral niches. Despite this importance, studies on the anatomy of the ant mesosoma are still scarce, and there is limited understanding of important variation of internal structures across the ant phylogeny. Recent advances in imaging techniques have made it possible to digitally dissect small insects, to document the anatomy efficiently and in detail, and to visualize these data in 3D. Here we document the mesosomal skeletomuscular system of workers of the red wood ant, Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761, and use it to establish a 3D atlas of mesosomal anatomy that will serve as reference work for further studies. We discuss and illustrate the configuration of the skeletomuscular components and the function of the muscles in interaction with the skeletal elements. This anatomical evaluation of a ‘generalized’ ant provides a template for future studies of the mesosoma across the radiation of Formicidae, with the ultimate objective of synthesizing structural, functional, and transformational information to understand the evolution of a crucial body region of ants.
{"title":"The Skeletomuscular System of the Mesosoma of Formica rufa Workers (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)","authors":"Lazzat Aibekova, B. Boudinot, R. Beutel, A. Richter, R. Keller, F. Hita-Garcia, E. Economo","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixac002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixac002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The mesosoma is the power core of the ant, containing critical structural and muscular elements for the movement of the head, legs, and metasoma. It has been hypothesized that adaptation to ground locomotion and the loss of flight led to the substantial rearrangements in the mesosoma in worker ants and that it is likely the ant mesosoma has undergone functional modifications as ants diversified into different ecological and behavioral niches. Despite this importance, studies on the anatomy of the ant mesosoma are still scarce, and there is limited understanding of important variation of internal structures across the ant phylogeny. Recent advances in imaging techniques have made it possible to digitally dissect small insects, to document the anatomy efficiently and in detail, and to visualize these data in 3D. Here we document the mesosomal skeletomuscular system of workers of the red wood ant, Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761, and use it to establish a 3D atlas of mesosomal anatomy that will serve as reference work for further studies. We discuss and illustrate the configuration of the skeletomuscular components and the function of the muscles in interaction with the skeletal elements. This anatomical evaluation of a ‘generalized’ ant provides a template for future studies of the mesosoma across the radiation of Formicidae, with the ultimate objective of synthesizing structural, functional, and transformational information to understand the evolution of a crucial body region of ants.","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":"6 1","pages":"1 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49375897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joan C. Hinojosa, J. Tóth, Yeray Monasterio, Luis Sánchez Mesa, Miguel G Muñoz Sariot, Ruth Escobés, R. Vilà
Abstract The Melitaea phoebe group is constituted by six species distributed throughout the Palearctic. One of the most widespread species is Melitaea ornata Christoph, 1893, present from France (Provence) to Central Asia. Recently, populations of M. ornata were discovered in a mountainous region of south-eastern Iberia, although doubts about their taxonomy existed. To clarify the taxonomic status of these populations and to revise the distribution of this taxon in Iberia, we have sequenced mitochondrial (COI barcode region) and nuclear (wg, RPS5, MDH, and EF-1α) markers, and analyzed the male genitalia for 72 Iberian individuals and for all the species of the M. phoebe group. This information was complemented with phenological and ecological data. Our results unveiled that the Iberian M. ornata-like taxon is in fact distributed through most of the Iberian Peninsula, except for the south-west and north-east. In contrast to the univoltine M. ornata, the Iberian taxon can be bivoltine in the wild. The Iberian taxon was retrieved to be related to M. ornata, but the differences in the genetic markers and genitalia were comparable to those found between species in the group. Based on the evidence here presented and according to species delimitation results, we propose to consider the Iberian taxon as a novel species, tentatively named Melitaea pseudornata Muñoz Sariot & Sánchez Mesa, 2019, stat. nov. Resum El grup Melitaea phoebe està format per sis espècies distribuïdes arreu del Paleàrtic. Una de les espècies més esteses és la Melitaea ornata Christoph, 1893, present des de França (Provença) fins a l'Àsia Central. Recentment, es descobriren poblacions de M. ornata en una regió muntanyosa del sud-est de la península Ibèrica, tot i que existien dubtes sobre la seva taxonomia. Amb l'objectiu d'esclarir l'estatus taxonòmic d'aquestes poblacions i revisar la distribució d'aquest tàxon a la península Ibèrica, hem seqüenciat els marcadors mitocondrials (regió del codi de barres del COI) i nuclears (wg, RPS5, MDH i EF-1α) i hem analitzat la genitàlia masculina de 72 individus ibèrics i de totes les espècies del grup de M. phoebe. Aquesta informació s'ha complementat amb dades fenològiques i ecològiques. Els nostres resultats revelaren que, de fet, el tàxon ibèric de tipus M. ornata es distribueix per bona part de la península Ibèrica llevat del sud-oest i el nord-est. A diferència de la M. ornata, que és univoltina, el tàxon ibèric pot ser bivoltí a la natura. El tàxon ibèric està relacionat amb M. ornata, però les diferències en els marcadors genètics i la genitàlia foren comparables a les trobades entre les diferents espècies del grup. Degut a aquestes diferències i segons els resultats de la delimitació d'espècies, proposem considerar el tàxon ibèric com a una espècie nova, provisionalment anomenada Melitaea pseudornata Muñoz Sariot & Sánchez Mesa, 2019, stat. nov.
摘要:鸟属(Melitaea phoebe)由分布在古北区的6个物种组成。最广泛分布的种之一是Melitaea ornata Christoph, 1893年，分布于法国(普罗旺斯)到中亚。最近，在伊比利亚东南部的一个山区发现了M. ornata种群，尽管对它们的分类存在怀疑。为了明确这些种群的分类地位和修正该分类群在伊比利亚的分布，我们对线粒体(COI条形码区)和核(wg、RPS5、MDH和EF-1α)标记进行了测序，并对72个伊比利亚个体和所有种类的M. phoebe群的雄性生殖器进行了分析。这一信息与物候和生态数据相辅相成。结果表明，除了西南部和东北部外，伊比利亚半岛的大部分地区都有类似M. ornata的类群分布。与单元化的M. ornata相比，伊比利亚分类群在野外可以是双元化的。伊比利亚分类群被检索为与M. ornata有亲缘关系，但遗传标记和生殖器的差异与该群体中物种之间的差异相当。基于本文提供的证据和物种划分结果，我们建议将伊比利亚分类群视为一个新种，暂定名为Melitaea pseudonata Muñoz Sariot & Sánchez Mesa, 2019, stat. 11 . Resum El group Melitaea phoebe est format per sis esp cies distribuïdes arreu del Paleàrtic。Una德莱斯especies mes埃斯蒂斯es la Melitaea这种Christoph, 1893,现在des德语言(Provenca)鳍l 'Asia中央。最近，我们在península ibrica发现了micornata在regió muntanyosa del sud-est de la ibrica的cocobriren poblions，并对现有的物种进行了分类。Amb l'objectiu d'esclarir l'estatus taxonòmic d'aquestes poblacions i revisar la distribució d'aquestes tàxon a la península ibrica, hem seqq enciat els marcadors mitocondrials (regió del codi de barres del COI) i nuclears (wg, RPS5, MDH i EF-1α) i hem分析la genitàlia masculina de 72个ibrics i de totes les espcies del组de M. phoebe。Aquesta informació s'ha互补ambades fenològiques i ecològiques。el nores结果揭示了不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的分布。奥纳塔先生的一个不同之处是，他的职业生涯一帆风顺，他的职业生涯一帆风顺，他的职业生涯一帆风顺。1 . tàxon国外可比性指数与国外可比性指数之间的关系，però国外可比性指数与国外可比性指数之间的关系，genitàlia国外可比性指数与国外可比性指数之间的关系。Degut a对不同阶段的研究结果提出了疑问delimitació d’es，建议考虑el tàxon ib和una esp，临时公告Melitaea pseudoornata Muñoz Sariot & Sánchez Mesa, 2019, stat. 11。
{"title":"Integrative Taxonomy Reveals a New Melitaea (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Species Widely Distributed in the Iberian Peninsula","authors":"Joan C. Hinojosa, J. Tóth, Yeray Monasterio, Luis Sánchez Mesa, Miguel G Muñoz Sariot, Ruth Escobés, R. Vilà","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixac004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixac004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Melitaea phoebe group is constituted by six species distributed throughout the Palearctic. One of the most widespread species is Melitaea ornata Christoph, 1893, present from France (Provence) to Central Asia. Recently, populations of M. ornata were discovered in a mountainous region of south-eastern Iberia, although doubts about their taxonomy existed. To clarify the taxonomic status of these populations and to revise the distribution of this taxon in Iberia, we have sequenced mitochondrial (COI barcode region) and nuclear (wg, RPS5, MDH, and EF-1α) markers, and analyzed the male genitalia for 72 Iberian individuals and for all the species of the M. phoebe group. This information was complemented with phenological and ecological data. Our results unveiled that the Iberian M. ornata-like taxon is in fact distributed through most of the Iberian Peninsula, except for the south-west and north-east. In contrast to the univoltine M. ornata, the Iberian taxon can be bivoltine in the wild. The Iberian taxon was retrieved to be related to M. ornata, but the differences in the genetic markers and genitalia were comparable to those found between species in the group. Based on the evidence here presented and according to species delimitation results, we propose to consider the Iberian taxon as a novel species, tentatively named Melitaea pseudornata Muñoz Sariot & Sánchez Mesa, 2019, stat. nov. Resum El grup Melitaea phoebe està format per sis espècies distribuïdes arreu del Paleàrtic. Una de les espècies més esteses és la Melitaea ornata Christoph, 1893, present des de França (Provença) fins a l'Àsia Central. Recentment, es descobriren poblacions de M. ornata en una regió muntanyosa del sud-est de la península Ibèrica, tot i que existien dubtes sobre la seva taxonomia. Amb l'objectiu d'esclarir l'estatus taxonòmic d'aquestes poblacions i revisar la distribució d'aquest tàxon a la península Ibèrica, hem seqüenciat els marcadors mitocondrials (regió del codi de barres del COI) i nuclears (wg, RPS5, MDH i EF-1α) i hem analitzat la genitàlia masculina de 72 individus ibèrics i de totes les espècies del grup de M. phoebe. Aquesta informació s'ha complementat amb dades fenològiques i ecològiques. Els nostres resultats revelaren que, de fet, el tàxon ibèric de tipus M. ornata es distribueix per bona part de la península Ibèrica llevat del sud-oest i el nord-est. A diferència de la M. ornata, que és univoltina, el tàxon ibèric pot ser bivoltí a la natura. El tàxon ibèric està relacionat amb M. ornata, però les diferències en els marcadors genètics i la genitàlia foren comparables a les trobades entre les diferents espècies del grup. Degut a aquestes diferències i segons els resultats de la delimitació d'espècies, proposem considerar el tàxon ibèric com a una espècie nova, provisionalment anomenada Melitaea pseudornata Muñoz Sariot & Sánchez Mesa, 2019, stat. nov.","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46433917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. A. McCulloch, L. Dutoit, D. Craw, Gracie C. Kroos, J. Waters
Abstract Range-restricted upland taxa are prone to population bottlenecks and thus typically have low genetic diversity, making them particularly vulnerable to environmental change. In this study, we used a combination of genotyping-by-sequencing (10,419 SNPs) and mitochondrial COI sequencing to test for population genetic structure within the narrow-range flightless sub-alpine stonefly Zelandoperla maungatuaensis Foster. This species is restricted to only a handful of upland streams along a 4 km stretch of the isolated Maungatua range in southeast New Zealand. We identified striking genetic structure across the narrow range of Z. maungatuaensis, with three deeply divergent allopatric lineages detected. These distinct lineages likely diverged in the early-mid Pleistocene, apparently persisting in separate microrefugia throughout subsequent glacial cycles. Our results illustrate how secondary flight loss can facilitate insect diversification across fine spatial scales, and demonstrate that intraspecific phylogenetic diversity cannot necessarily be predicted from range-size alone. Additional demographic analyses are required to better understand the conservation status of these divergent Z. maungatuaensis lineages, and to assess their potential susceptibility to climate change and other anthropogenic impacts.
{"title":"Genomics Reveals Exceptional Phylogenetic Diversity Within a Narrow-Range Flightless Insect","authors":"G. A. McCulloch, L. Dutoit, D. Craw, Gracie C. Kroos, J. Waters","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixac009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixac009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Range-restricted upland taxa are prone to population bottlenecks and thus typically have low genetic diversity, making them particularly vulnerable to environmental change. In this study, we used a combination of genotyping-by-sequencing (10,419 SNPs) and mitochondrial COI sequencing to test for population genetic structure within the narrow-range flightless sub-alpine stonefly Zelandoperla maungatuaensis Foster. This species is restricted to only a handful of upland streams along a 4 km stretch of the isolated Maungatua range in southeast New Zealand. We identified striking genetic structure across the narrow range of Z. maungatuaensis, with three deeply divergent allopatric lineages detected. These distinct lineages likely diverged in the early-mid Pleistocene, apparently persisting in separate microrefugia throughout subsequent glacial cycles. Our results illustrate how secondary flight loss can facilitate insect diversification across fine spatial scales, and demonstrate that intraspecific phylogenetic diversity cannot necessarily be predicted from range-size alone. Additional demographic analyses are required to better understand the conservation status of these divergent Z. maungatuaensis lineages, and to assess their potential susceptibility to climate change and other anthropogenic impacts.","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":"6 1","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41820811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The evolutionary history of fungus-farming ants has been the subject of multiple morphological, molecular phylogenetic, and phylogenomic studies. Due to its rarity, however, the phylogenetic position, natural history, and fungal associations of the monotypic genus Paramycetophylax Kusnezov have remained enigmatic. Here we report the first excavations of colonies of Paramycetophylax bruchi (Santschi) and describe its nest architecture and natural history. Utilizing specimens from these collections, we generated ultraconserved-element (UCE) data to determine the evolutionary position of Paramycetophylax within the fungus-farming ants and ribosomal ‘fungal barcoding’ ITS sequence data to identify the fungal cultivar. A maximum-likelihood phylogenomic analysis indicates that the genus Paramycetophylax is the sister group of the yeast-cultivating Cyphomyrmex rimosus group, an unexpected result that renders the genus Cyphomyrmex Mayr paraphyletic. A Bayesian divergence-dating analysis indicates that Paramycetophylax diverged from its sister group around 36 mya (30–42 mya, HPD) in the late Eocene-early Oligocene, a period of global cooling, expansion of grasslands, and large-scale extinction of tropical organisms. Bayesian analysis of the fungal cultivar ITS gene fragment indicates that P. bruchi practices lower agriculture and that the cultivar grown by P. bruchi belongs to the Clade 1 group of lower-attine fungi, a clade that, interestingly, also includes the C. rimosus-group yeast cultivars. Based on these results, we conclude that a better understanding of P. bruchi and its fungal cultivar, including whole-genome data, is critical for reconstructing the origin of yeast agriculture, a major transition in the evolution of fungus-farming ants.
{"title":"The Last Piece of the Puzzle? Phylogenetic Position and Natural History of the Monotypic Fungus-Farming Ant Genus Paramycetophylax (Formicidae: Attini)","authors":"P. E. Hanisch, J. Sosa‐Calvo, T. Schultz","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixab029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixab029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The evolutionary history of fungus-farming ants has been the subject of multiple morphological, molecular phylogenetic, and phylogenomic studies. Due to its rarity, however, the phylogenetic position, natural history, and fungal associations of the monotypic genus Paramycetophylax Kusnezov have remained enigmatic. Here we report the first excavations of colonies of Paramycetophylax bruchi (Santschi) and describe its nest architecture and natural history. Utilizing specimens from these collections, we generated ultraconserved-element (UCE) data to determine the evolutionary position of Paramycetophylax within the fungus-farming ants and ribosomal ‘fungal barcoding’ ITS sequence data to identify the fungal cultivar. A maximum-likelihood phylogenomic analysis indicates that the genus Paramycetophylax is the sister group of the yeast-cultivating Cyphomyrmex rimosus group, an unexpected result that renders the genus Cyphomyrmex Mayr paraphyletic. A Bayesian divergence-dating analysis indicates that Paramycetophylax diverged from its sister group around 36 mya (30–42 mya, HPD) in the late Eocene-early Oligocene, a period of global cooling, expansion of grasslands, and large-scale extinction of tropical organisms. Bayesian analysis of the fungal cultivar ITS gene fragment indicates that P. bruchi practices lower agriculture and that the cultivar grown by P. bruchi belongs to the Clade 1 group of lower-attine fungi, a clade that, interestingly, also includes the C. rimosus-group yeast cultivars. Based on these results, we conclude that a better understanding of P. bruchi and its fungal cultivar, including whole-genome data, is critical for reconstructing the origin of yeast agriculture, a major transition in the evolution of fungus-farming ants.","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49536332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Dorymyrmex Mayr 1866, the ‘pyramid ants’ or ‘cone ants’, are conspicuous inhabitants of arid landscapes across the Americas. Ranging from the Great Plains to Patagonia, they are concentrated north and south of the tropics in contrast to the latitudinal diversity gradient canon. Despite being frequently collected and ecologically important, Dorymyrmex ants exemplify the taxonomic neglect typical in the subfamily Dolichoderinae.The genus has never had the benefit of a global revision, and even the major lineages are still uncertain. This work characterizes the issues at hand and ushers 22 Dorymyrmex species into the world of modern-day phylogenomics: By targeting ultraconserved elements (UCEs) across the genome, I construct an alignment of 1,891 loci, infer phylogenies under maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches, and estimate divergence dates. Three major clades of Dorymyrmex emerge with maximal support, corresponding to former genera: Dorymyrmex sensu stricto, Araucomyrmex Gallardo 1919, and Conomyrma Forel 1913.The pyramicus group (‘Conomyrma’) shows a recent, rapid radiation with minimal morphological differentiation, reaffirming the difficulty of species delimitation in this widespread clade. Finally, I observe a general south-to-north pattern of dispersal, likely by way of savanna ‘stepping stones’ across the tropics during cooler, drier periods. Intercontinental dispersal occurred after the hypothetical Caribbean landspan in the Miocene, but before the Pleistocene or the completion of the Panamanian isthmus, suggesting dispersal by flight.This corroborates patterns observed in other arid-adapted amphitropical New World taxa. Characterizing the major Dorymyrmex species groups is an important first step towards stable taxonomic definitions—which underpin active studies in behavior, chemical ecology, and physiology. Graphical Abstract
摘要Dorymyrmex Mayr 1866，“金字塔蚁”或“锥蚁”，是美洲干旱地区的显著居民。从大平原到巴塔哥尼亚，它们集中在热带的北部和南部，与纬度多样性梯度标准形成鲜明对比。尽管Dorymyrmex蚂蚁经常被收集并且具有重要的生态意义，但它体现了Dolichoderinae亚科典型的分类学忽视。该属从未得到过全球修订的好处，甚至主要谱系也仍不确定。这项工作描述了当前的问题，并将22个Dorymyrmex物种引入现代系统发育学世界：通过靶向整个基因组的超保守元件（UCE），我构建了1891个基因座的比对，在最大似然和贝叶斯方法下推断系统发育，并估计分化日期。Dorymyrmex的三个主要分支得到了最大的支持，对应于以前的属：Dorymyrmex senso stricto、Araucomyrmex Gallardo 1919和Conomyrma Forel 1913。吡喃菌群（“Conomyrma”）显示出最近的快速辐射，形态分化最小，再次证明了在这个广泛分布的分支中物种划界的困难。最后，我观察到了一种普遍的南北扩散模式，在凉爽、干燥的时期，可能是通过热带草原的“垫脚石”传播的。洲际扩散发生在中新世假设的加勒比海陆盘之后，但在更新世或巴拿马地峡建成之前，这表明通过飞行进行扩散。这证实了在其他适应干旱的新大陆两栖类中观察到的模式。描述主要的Dorymyrmex物种群是迈向稳定分类学定义的重要第一步，这是行为、化学生态学和生理学积极研究的基础。图形摘要
{"title":"First Phylogenomic Assessment of the Amphitropical New World Ant Genus Dorymyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), a Longstanding Taxonomic Puzzle","authors":"Jill T. Oberski","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixab022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixab022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Dorymyrmex Mayr 1866, the ‘pyramid ants’ or ‘cone ants’, are conspicuous inhabitants of arid landscapes across the Americas. Ranging from the Great Plains to Patagonia, they are concentrated north and south of the tropics in contrast to the latitudinal diversity gradient canon. Despite being frequently collected and ecologically important, Dorymyrmex ants exemplify the taxonomic neglect typical in the subfamily Dolichoderinae.The genus has never had the benefit of a global revision, and even the major lineages are still uncertain. This work characterizes the issues at hand and ushers 22 Dorymyrmex species into the world of modern-day phylogenomics: By targeting ultraconserved elements (UCEs) across the genome, I construct an alignment of 1,891 loci, infer phylogenies under maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches, and estimate divergence dates. Three major clades of Dorymyrmex emerge with maximal support, corresponding to former genera: Dorymyrmex sensu stricto, Araucomyrmex Gallardo 1919, and Conomyrma Forel 1913.The pyramicus group (‘Conomyrma’) shows a recent, rapid radiation with minimal morphological differentiation, reaffirming the difficulty of species delimitation in this widespread clade. Finally, I observe a general south-to-north pattern of dispersal, likely by way of savanna ‘stepping stones’ across the tropics during cooler, drier periods. Intercontinental dispersal occurred after the hypothetical Caribbean landspan in the Miocene, but before the Pleistocene or the completion of the Panamanian isthmus, suggesting dispersal by flight.This corroborates patterns observed in other arid-adapted amphitropical New World taxa. Characterizing the major Dorymyrmex species groups is an important first step towards stable taxonomic definitions—which underpin active studies in behavior, chemical ecology, and physiology. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":"6 1","pages":"1 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45442883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Nakahara, Maryzender Rodríguez-Melgarejo, Kaylin Kleckner, Thalia CORAHUA-ESPINOZA, R. Tejeira, M. Espeland, M. Casagrande, E. Barbosa, J. See, Geoffrey Gallice, G. Lamas, K. Willmott
Abstract We here establish a new genus in the nymphalid butterfly subtribe Euptychiina, Cisandina Nakahara & Espeland, n. gen. to harbor five species hitherto placed within two polyphyletic genera, namely Magneuptychia Forster, 1964 and Euptychoides Forster, 1964. We compiled data from over 350 specimens in 17 public and private collections, as well as DNA sequence data for all relevant species, to revise the species-level classification of this new genus. According to our multi-locus molecular phylogeny estimated with the maximum likelihood approach, Cisandina lea n. comb., Cisandina philippa n. comb. & reinst. stat., Cisandina fida n. comb., Cisandina sanmarcos n. comb., and Cisandina trinitensis n. comb. are proposed as new taxonomic combinations, since these species are distantly related to the type species of Magneuptychia and Euptychoides and cannot reasonably be accommodated in any other genus. Lectotypes are designated for Papilio lea Cramer, 1777, Papilio junia Cramer, 1780, Euptychia philippa Butler, 1867, and Eupytchia fida Weymer, 1911. Two new species of Cisandina n. gen. are named and described herein, C. esmeralda Nakahara & Barbosa, n. sp. and C. castanya Lamas & Nakahara, n. sp., increasing the described species diversity of the genus to seven. The immature stages of C. castanya n. sp. and C. philippa n. comb. & reinst. stat. are documented along with their natural hostplants, representing the first two species of the genus with known life history information. We describe a new subspecies, Cisandina fida directa Nakahara & Willmott, n. ssp., based on a limited number of specimens from southern Ecuador and central Peru. We were unable to obtain genetic data for the nominate race of C. fida n. comb., and thus, this taxonomic hypothesis is currently based solely on phenotypic characters. Resumen Se establece un nuevo género de mariposas ninfálidas de la subtribu Euptychiina, Cisandina Nakahara & Espeland, n. gen. para albergar cinco especies previamente ubicadas dentro de dos géneros polifiléticos, Magneuptychia Forster, 1964 y Euptychoides Forster, 1964. Se recopiló datos de más de 350 especímenes de 17 colecciones públicas y privadas, así como datos de secuencias de ADN para todas las especies relevantes y así poder revisar la clasificación a nivel de especie de este nuevo género. De acuerdo con nuestra filogenia molecular multilocus, estimada con el enfoque de máxima verosimilitud, se propone como nuevas combinaciones taxonómicas a Cisandina lea n. comb., Cisandina philippa n. comb. & reinst. stat., Cisandina fida n. comb., Cisandina sanmarcos n. comb. y Cisandina trinitensis n. comb., ya que estas especies se relacionan lejanamente con las especies tipo de Magneuptychia y Euptychoides y no pueden acomodarse razonablemente en ningún otro género. Se designa lectotipos para Papilio lea Cramer, 1777, Papilio junia Cramer, 1780, Euptychia philippa Butler, 1867 y, Eupytchia fida Weymer, 1911. Adicionalmente se nombra y describe aquí d
{"title":"Systematic Revision of a New Butterfly Genus, Cisandina Nakahara & Espeland, n. gen., with Descriptions of Three New Taxa (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)","authors":"S. Nakahara, Maryzender Rodríguez-Melgarejo, Kaylin Kleckner, Thalia CORAHUA-ESPINOZA, R. Tejeira, M. Espeland, M. Casagrande, E. Barbosa, J. See, Geoffrey Gallice, G. Lamas, K. Willmott","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixab028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixab028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We here establish a new genus in the nymphalid butterfly subtribe Euptychiina, Cisandina Nakahara & Espeland, n. gen. to harbor five species hitherto placed within two polyphyletic genera, namely Magneuptychia Forster, 1964 and Euptychoides Forster, 1964. We compiled data from over 350 specimens in 17 public and private collections, as well as DNA sequence data for all relevant species, to revise the species-level classification of this new genus. According to our multi-locus molecular phylogeny estimated with the maximum likelihood approach, Cisandina lea n. comb., Cisandina philippa n. comb. & reinst. stat., Cisandina fida n. comb., Cisandina sanmarcos n. comb., and Cisandina trinitensis n. comb. are proposed as new taxonomic combinations, since these species are distantly related to the type species of Magneuptychia and Euptychoides and cannot reasonably be accommodated in any other genus. Lectotypes are designated for Papilio lea Cramer, 1777, Papilio junia Cramer, 1780, Euptychia philippa Butler, 1867, and Eupytchia fida Weymer, 1911. Two new species of Cisandina n. gen. are named and described herein, C. esmeralda Nakahara & Barbosa, n. sp. and C. castanya Lamas & Nakahara, n. sp., increasing the described species diversity of the genus to seven. The immature stages of C. castanya n. sp. and C. philippa n. comb. & reinst. stat. are documented along with their natural hostplants, representing the first two species of the genus with known life history information. We describe a new subspecies, Cisandina fida directa Nakahara & Willmott, n. ssp., based on a limited number of specimens from southern Ecuador and central Peru. We were unable to obtain genetic data for the nominate race of C. fida n. comb., and thus, this taxonomic hypothesis is currently based solely on phenotypic characters. Resumen Se establece un nuevo género de mariposas ninfálidas de la subtribu Euptychiina, Cisandina Nakahara & Espeland, n. gen. para albergar cinco especies previamente ubicadas dentro de dos géneros polifiléticos, Magneuptychia Forster, 1964 y Euptychoides Forster, 1964. Se recopiló datos de más de 350 especímenes de 17 colecciones públicas y privadas, así como datos de secuencias de ADN para todas las especies relevantes y así poder revisar la clasificación a nivel de especie de este nuevo género. De acuerdo con nuestra filogenia molecular multilocus, estimada con el enfoque de máxima verosimilitud, se propone como nuevas combinaciones taxonómicas a Cisandina lea n. comb., Cisandina philippa n. comb. & reinst. stat., Cisandina fida n. comb., Cisandina sanmarcos n. comb. y Cisandina trinitensis n. comb., ya que estas especies se relacionan lejanamente con las especies tipo de Magneuptychia y Euptychoides y no pueden acomodarse razonablemente en ningún otro género. Se designa lectotipos para Papilio lea Cramer, 1777, Papilio junia Cramer, 1780, Euptychia philippa Butler, 1867 y, Eupytchia fida Weymer, 1911. Adicionalmente se nombra y describe aquí d","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":"6 1","pages":"1 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41655256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jason L. Williams, Y. M. Zhang, J. LaPolla, T. Schultz, Andrea Lucky
Abstract The ant genus Nylanderia Emery has a cosmopolitan distribution and includes 150 extant described species and subspecies, with potentially hundreds more undescribed. Global taxonomic revision has long been stalled by strong intra- and interspecific morphological variation, limited numbers of diagnostic characters, and dependence on infrequently collected male specimens for species description and identification. Taxonomy is further complicated by Nylanderia being one of the most frequently intercepted ant genera at ports of entry worldwide, and at least 15 globetrotting species have widespread and expanding ranges, making species-level diagnoses difficult.Three species complexes (‘bourbonica complex’, ‘fulva complex’, and ‘guatemalensis complex’) include globetrotting species. To elucidate the phylogenetic positions of these three complexes and delimit species boundaries within each, we used target enrichment of ultraconserved elements (UCEs) from 165 specimens representing 98 Nylanderia morphospecies worldwide. We also phased the UCEs, effectively doubling sample size and increasing population-level sampling. After recovering strong support for the monophyly of each complex, we extracted COI barcodes and SNPs from the UCE data and tested within-complex morphospecies hypotheses using three molecular delimitation methods (SODA, bPTP, and STACEY). This comparison revealed that most methods tended to over-split taxa, but results from STACEY were most consistent with our morphospecies hypotheses. Using these results, we recommend species boundaries that are conservative and most congruent across all methods.This work emphasizes the importance of integrative taxonomy for invasive species management, as globetrotting occurs independently across at least nine different lineages across Nylanderia.
{"title":"Phylogenomic Delimitation of Morphologically Cryptic Species in Globetrotting Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Species Complexes","authors":"Jason L. Williams, Y. M. Zhang, J. LaPolla, T. Schultz, Andrea Lucky","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixab027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixab027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The ant genus Nylanderia Emery has a cosmopolitan distribution and includes 150 extant described species and subspecies, with potentially hundreds more undescribed. Global taxonomic revision has long been stalled by strong intra- and interspecific morphological variation, limited numbers of diagnostic characters, and dependence on infrequently collected male specimens for species description and identification. Taxonomy is further complicated by Nylanderia being one of the most frequently intercepted ant genera at ports of entry worldwide, and at least 15 globetrotting species have widespread and expanding ranges, making species-level diagnoses difficult.Three species complexes (‘bourbonica complex’, ‘fulva complex’, and ‘guatemalensis complex’) include globetrotting species. To elucidate the phylogenetic positions of these three complexes and delimit species boundaries within each, we used target enrichment of ultraconserved elements (UCEs) from 165 specimens representing 98 Nylanderia morphospecies worldwide. We also phased the UCEs, effectively doubling sample size and increasing population-level sampling. After recovering strong support for the monophyly of each complex, we extracted COI barcodes and SNPs from the UCE data and tested within-complex morphospecies hypotheses using three molecular delimitation methods (SODA, bPTP, and STACEY). This comparison revealed that most methods tended to over-split taxa, but results from STACEY were most consistent with our morphospecies hypotheses. Using these results, we recommend species boundaries that are conservative and most congruent across all methods.This work emphasizes the importance of integrative taxonomy for invasive species management, as globetrotting occurs independently across at least nine different lineages across Nylanderia.","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45526588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Whereas morphology remains a powerful tool for the diagnosis and description of short-tailed whip scorpions, or schizomids (Order Schizomida Petrunkevitch, 1945), especially when adults of both sexes are available, the systematics of some schizomid taxa is difficult to resolve due to a lack of characters in these morphologically conserved arachnids. Stenochrus portoricensis Chamberlin, 1922, defined on a single character of the female spermathecae, is the most widespread schizomid in the New World. Numerous records in the Neotropics, from the southern United States to Brazil, throughout the Caribbean, and further afield, including the Galapagos Islands and Europe, raise the question as to whether S. portoricensis is indeed a single widespread species or a complex of multiple species with conserved morphology? The present study uses a multilocus dataset and the broadest geographical sample currently available to address the phylogeography of S. portoricensis with molecular divergence dating and ancestral area reconstruction of all currently known species of Stenochrus Chamberlin, 1922. Analyses recovered S. portoricensis as paraphyletic. Two species previously synonymized are revalidated and transferred to Stenochrus. Population structure analyses recovered the remaining samples of S. portoricensis as a single monophyletic species with low genetic divergence and comprising two subclades. Ancestral area reconstruction suggests a Mesoamerican origin for Stenochrus, which contains a widespread species, recently introduced to multiple localities. Introductions to Europe and the Caribbean occurred from a single clade in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, within which genetic divergence is minimal, confirming the hypothesis of multiple independent introductions with successful colonization facilitated by parthenogenetic reproduction.
{"title":"World Travelers: Parthenogenesis and Ecological Tolerance Enable Multiple Colonization Events by the Widespread Short-Tailed Whipscorpion, Stenochrus portoricensis (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae)","authors":"Rodrigo Monjaraz-Ruedas, O. Francke, L. Prendini","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixab032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixab032","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Whereas morphology remains a powerful tool for the diagnosis and description of short-tailed whip scorpions, or schizomids (Order Schizomida Petrunkevitch, 1945), especially when adults of both sexes are available, the systematics of some schizomid taxa is difficult to resolve due to a lack of characters in these morphologically conserved arachnids. Stenochrus portoricensis Chamberlin, 1922, defined on a single character of the female spermathecae, is the most widespread schizomid in the New World. Numerous records in the Neotropics, from the southern United States to Brazil, throughout the Caribbean, and further afield, including the Galapagos Islands and Europe, raise the question as to whether S. portoricensis is indeed a single widespread species or a complex of multiple species with conserved morphology? The present study uses a multilocus dataset and the broadest geographical sample currently available to address the phylogeography of S. portoricensis with molecular divergence dating and ancestral area reconstruction of all currently known species of Stenochrus Chamberlin, 1922. Analyses recovered S. portoricensis as paraphyletic. Two species previously synonymized are revalidated and transferred to Stenochrus. Population structure analyses recovered the remaining samples of S. portoricensis as a single monophyletic species with low genetic divergence and comprising two subclades. Ancestral area reconstruction suggests a Mesoamerican origin for Stenochrus, which contains a widespread species, recently introduced to multiple localities. Introductions to Europe and the Caribbean occurred from a single clade in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, within which genetic divergence is minimal, confirming the hypothesis of multiple independent introductions with successful colonization facilitated by parthenogenetic reproduction.","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45738346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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