Michael C. Orr, M. Branstetter, J. Straka, Feng Yuan, R. Leijs, Dan Zhang, Qingsong Zhou, C. Zhu
Abstract Despite recent advances in phylogenomics, the early evolution of the largest bee family, Apidae, remains uncertain, hindering efforts to understand the history of Apidae and establish a robust comparative framework. Confirming the position of Anthophorinae—a diverse, globally distributed lineage of apid bees—has been particularly problematic, with the subfamily recovered in various conflicting positions, including as sister to all other Apidae or to the cleptoparasitic Nomadinae. We aimed to resolve relationships in Apidae and Anthophorinae by combining dense taxon sampling, with rigorous phylogenomic analysis of a dataset consisting of ultraconserved elements (UCEs) acquired from multiple sources, including low-coverage genomes. Across a diverse set of analyses, including both concatenation and species tree approaches, and numerous permutations designed to account for systematic biases, Anthophorinae was consistently recovered as the sister group to all remaining Apidae, with Nomadinae sister to (Apinae, [Xylocopinae, Eucerinae]). However, several alternative support metrics (concordance factors, quartet sampling, and gene genealogy interrogation) indicate that this result should be treated with caution. Within Anthophorinae, all genera were recovered as monophyletic, following synonymization of Varthemapistra with Habrophorula. Our results demonstrate the value of dense taxon sampling in bee phylogenomics research and how implementing diverse analytical strategies is important for fully evaluating results at difficult nodes.
{"title":"Phylogenomic Interrogation Revives an Overlooked Hypothesis for the Early Evolution of the Bee Family Apidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea), With a Focus on the Subfamily Anthophorinae","authors":"Michael C. Orr, M. Branstetter, J. Straka, Feng Yuan, R. Leijs, Dan Zhang, Qingsong Zhou, C. Zhu","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixac022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixac022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Despite recent advances in phylogenomics, the early evolution of the largest bee family, Apidae, remains uncertain, hindering efforts to understand the history of Apidae and establish a robust comparative framework. Confirming the position of Anthophorinae—a diverse, globally distributed lineage of apid bees—has been particularly problematic, with the subfamily recovered in various conflicting positions, including as sister to all other Apidae or to the cleptoparasitic Nomadinae. We aimed to resolve relationships in Apidae and Anthophorinae by combining dense taxon sampling, with rigorous phylogenomic analysis of a dataset consisting of ultraconserved elements (UCEs) acquired from multiple sources, including low-coverage genomes. Across a diverse set of analyses, including both concatenation and species tree approaches, and numerous permutations designed to account for systematic biases, Anthophorinae was consistently recovered as the sister group to all remaining Apidae, with Nomadinae sister to (Apinae, [Xylocopinae, Eucerinae]). However, several alternative support metrics (concordance factors, quartet sampling, and gene genealogy interrogation) indicate that this result should be treated with caution. Within Anthophorinae, all genera were recovered as monophyletic, following synonymization of Varthemapistra with Habrophorula. Our results demonstrate the value of dense taxon sampling in bee phylogenomics research and how implementing diverse analytical strategies is important for fully evaluating results at difficult nodes.","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47652277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Pseudocryptic species, those that are difficult to diagnose using traditional taxonomic methods, are serious impediments for recognizing the introduction of non-native species. Rapid identification of species facilitates a rapid response to newly introduced species which can lessen their damaging effects. This situation is acute for known pest species such as xyleborine ambrosia beetles which are difficult to identify given minute morphological, often variable, diagnostic characters. These beetles have been introduced into non-native temperate regions and have caused economic and ecological havoc. In this study, we produced DNA-based phylogenies using four genes for individuals of Cyclorhipidion bodoanum (Reitter, 1913), C. distinguendum (Eggers, 1930), and C. pelliculosum (Eichhoff, 1878) sampled from their introduced and native Asian ranges and as well as other Cyclorhipidion species. In addition, we review subtle morphological characters for diagnostic potential for these similar species. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis produced well-resolved and supported phylogeny that provided evidence for multiple introductions of C. bodoanum and C. distinguendum into the United States and the occurrence of pseudocryptic species. The ambrosia beetles Cyclorhipidion tenuigraphum (Schedl, 1953) and C. nemesis Smith & Cognato, sp. nov. are reported in North America for the first time. We find that the pattern of elytral interstrial setae is an unrealized source for the identification of Cyclorhipidion species. This study resulted in the recognition of six species adventive to the United States with the revised status of C. californicum (Wood, 1975). All species known from North American are diagnosed, illustrated and a key is provided.
{"title":"New Non-native Pseudocryptic Cyclorhipidion Species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini) Found in the United States as Revealed in a Multigene Phylogeny","authors":"Sarah M. Smith, A. Cognato","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixac014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixac014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pseudocryptic species, those that are difficult to diagnose using traditional taxonomic methods, are serious impediments for recognizing the introduction of non-native species. Rapid identification of species facilitates a rapid response to newly introduced species which can lessen their damaging effects. This situation is acute for known pest species such as xyleborine ambrosia beetles which are difficult to identify given minute morphological, often variable, diagnostic characters. These beetles have been introduced into non-native temperate regions and have caused economic and ecological havoc. In this study, we produced DNA-based phylogenies using four genes for individuals of Cyclorhipidion bodoanum (Reitter, 1913), C. distinguendum (Eggers, 1930), and C. pelliculosum (Eichhoff, 1878) sampled from their introduced and native Asian ranges and as well as other Cyclorhipidion species. In addition, we review subtle morphological characters for diagnostic potential for these similar species. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis produced well-resolved and supported phylogeny that provided evidence for multiple introductions of C. bodoanum and C. distinguendum into the United States and the occurrence of pseudocryptic species. The ambrosia beetles Cyclorhipidion tenuigraphum (Schedl, 1953) and C. nemesis Smith & Cognato, sp. nov. are reported in North America for the first time. We find that the pattern of elytral interstrial setae is an unrealized source for the identification of Cyclorhipidion species. This study resulted in the recognition of six species adventive to the United States with the revised status of C. californicum (Wood, 1975). All species known from North American are diagnosed, illustrated and a key is provided.","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49211690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The antlion genus Gatzara Navás, 1915 is one of the major lineages of the subfamily Dendroleontinae Banks, 1899 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from Asia, but has a complex systematic background. Here we present a comprehensive systematic revision and mitochondrial phylogenomic analysis to clarify the identity of this genus, and to unravel its evolutionary history. Combining morphological and molecular evidence, we found that the species currently placed in Gatzara belong to two clades, and most of the Gatzara species are considered to be affiliated to the genus Nepsalus Navás, 1912. The dated phylogeny with ancestral area reconstruction indicates that the common ancestor of Gatzara and Nepsalus might have been widely distributed in East Asia and these two genera may have diverged during the late Miocene. The speciation of most Nepsalus species that are allopatric in distribution might have been driven by a series of vicariance events related to the rise of the Himalayas and the formation of the major islands of East Asia during the late Miocene and Pliocene. A new species, namely Nepsalus chikuni sp. n., is described from Tibet. New taxonomic changes include the six new combinations: Nepsalus caelestis (Krivokhatsky, 1997) comb. n., Nepsalus decorillus (Yang, 1997) comb. n., Nepsalus decorosus (Yang, 1988) comb. n., Nepsalus insolitus (Walker, 1860) comb. n., Nepsalus jezoensis (Okamoto, 1910) comb. n., and Nepsalus petrophilus (Miller & Stange in Miller et al., 1999) comb. n.
Gatzara Navás蚁属，1915年，是Dendroleonae Banks亚科的主要谱系之一，1899年，来自亚洲，但有着复杂的系统背景。在这里，我们提出了一个全面的系统修订和线粒体系统发育分析，以澄清该属的身份，并揭示其进化史。结合形态学和分子证据，我们发现目前位于Gatzara的物种属于两个分支，大多数Gatzara物种被认为隶属于Nepsalus Navás属，1912年。祖先区重建的年代系统发育表明，Gatzara和Nepsalus的共同祖先可能在东亚广泛分布，这两个属可能在中新世晚期分化。大多数分布在异地的尼泊尔属物种的物种形成可能是由一系列与喜马拉雅山脉的崛起和中新世晚期和上新世东亚主要岛屿的形成有关的替代事件驱动的。报道了一个来自西藏的新种，即基孔猪笼草。新的分类学变化包括六个新组合：卡氏猪笼草（Krivokhatsky，1997）梳。n.，Nepsalus decollus（杨，1997）梳。n.，南方猪笼草（Yang，1988）梳。n.，《日蚀猪笼草》（Walker，1860）科姆。n.，日本猪笼草（冈本，1910）梳。n.，和岩猪笼草（Miller和Stange in Miller et al.，1999）梳。n
{"title":"Unveiling the Evolutionary History of a Puzzling Antlion Genus Gatzara Navás (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae) Based on Systematic Revision, Molecular Phylogenetics, and Biogeographic Inference","authors":"Yuchen Zheng, F. Hayashi, B. Price, Xingyue Liu","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixac007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixac007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The antlion genus Gatzara Navás, 1915 is one of the major lineages of the subfamily Dendroleontinae Banks, 1899 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from Asia, but has a complex systematic background. Here we present a comprehensive systematic revision and mitochondrial phylogenomic analysis to clarify the identity of this genus, and to unravel its evolutionary history. Combining morphological and molecular evidence, we found that the species currently placed in Gatzara belong to two clades, and most of the Gatzara species are considered to be affiliated to the genus Nepsalus Navás, 1912. The dated phylogeny with ancestral area reconstruction indicates that the common ancestor of Gatzara and Nepsalus might have been widely distributed in East Asia and these two genera may have diverged during the late Miocene. The speciation of most Nepsalus species that are allopatric in distribution might have been driven by a series of vicariance events related to the rise of the Himalayas and the formation of the major islands of East Asia during the late Miocene and Pliocene. A new species, namely Nepsalus chikuni sp. n., is described from Tibet. New taxonomic changes include the six new combinations: Nepsalus caelestis (Krivokhatsky, 1997) comb. n., Nepsalus decorillus (Yang, 1997) comb. n., Nepsalus decorosus (Yang, 1988) comb. n., Nepsalus insolitus (Walker, 1860) comb. n., Nepsalus jezoensis (Okamoto, 1910) comb. n., and Nepsalus petrophilus (Miller & Stange in Miller et al., 1999) comb. n.","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43523821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Leptolycini are a group of Lycidae endemic to the West Indies. Leptolycini adult females have been hypothesized to be extreme paedomorphic (i.e., larviform), however, females and larvae of the group are currently unknown. Here we provide the first association of adult male and immature life stages from the Puerto Rico using DNA barcoding, also collections-based associations and descriptions of immature Leptolycini and the first description of a paedomorphic female from the Virgin Islands. To carry out these life-stage associations we prepared an in-depth review of the Leptolycini fauna of the Puerto Rican bank (Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands). Several new taxa and taxonomic arrangements are proposed: Cessator crypticusnew species, Cessator tortolensisnew species, Cessator obrienorumnew species; Dracolycus chupacabranew genus and species, Dracolycus marshallinew species; Leptolycus falsoheterocornisnew species, and Leptolycus viensisnew species. Nanolycus gnomus Kazantsev is moved to Cessator gnomus (Kazantsev) new combination, rendering Nanolycus Kazantsev a new junior synonym of Cessator Kazantsev. The subgenus Baholycus Bocak is a new junior synonym of Leptolycus Leng and Mutchler. Leptolycus heterocornis var. flavicollis Leng and Mutchler is elevated to Leptolycus flavicollis Leng and Mutchler new status; Leptolycus (Leptolycus) albicauda Kazantsev is a new junior synonym of Leptolycus flavicollis Leng and Mutchler. An updated key to the adults and immature forms of Leptolycini from the Puerto Rican bank and a discussion on the importance of scientific collections in biodiversity studies is also provided.
leppolycini是西印度群岛特有的一组Lycidae。有假说认为，leppolycini成年雌虫为极童形(即幼虫)，然而，该群体的雌虫和幼虫目前尚不清楚。在此，我们首次利用DNA条形码技术将波多黎各的成年雄性和未成熟的生命阶段联系起来，也首次对未成熟的leppolycini进行了基于收集的联系和描述，并首次对来自维尔京群岛的幼童型雌性进行了描述。为了进行这些生命阶段的关联，我们对波多黎各河岸(波多黎各和维尔京群岛)的leppolycini动物群进行了深入的审查。提出了几个新的分类群和分类安排:隐翅蝉属新种，翅翅蝉属新种，翅翅蝉属新种;chupacabranew属和种，marshallineew种;假异角细缕蝇为新种，维也纳细缕蝇为新种。Nanolycus gnomus Kazantsev被移到Cessator gnomus (Kazantsev)的新组合中，使Nanolycus Kazantsev成为Cessator Kazantsev的新初级同义词。Bocak (Baholycus Bocak)亚属是Leptolycus Leng和Mutchler的新低级同义种。异角细螺旋体(lepolycus flavicollis Leng and Mutchler)提升为黄细螺旋体(lepolycus Leng and Mutchler)的新地位;Leptolycus (Leptolycus)到访albicauda新初级同义词Leptolycus flavicollis愣,Mutchler。此外，本文还提供了一份来自波多黎各河岸的leppolycini成虫和未成熟虫的最新关键资料，并讨论了科学收藏在生物多样性研究中的重要性。
{"title":"Lessons From a Museum's Cabinet: DNA Barcoding and Collections-Based Life Stage Associations Reveals a Hidden Diversity in the Puerto Rican Bank Paedomorphic Lycidae (Coleoptera: Elateroidea: Leptolycini)","authors":"Vinicius S. Ferreira, M. Ivie","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixac006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixac006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Leptolycini are a group of Lycidae endemic to the West Indies. Leptolycini adult females have been hypothesized to be extreme paedomorphic (i.e., larviform), however, females and larvae of the group are currently unknown. Here we provide the first association of adult male and immature life stages from the Puerto Rico using DNA barcoding, also collections-based associations and descriptions of immature Leptolycini and the first description of a paedomorphic female from the Virgin Islands. To carry out these life-stage associations we prepared an in-depth review of the Leptolycini fauna of the Puerto Rican bank (Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands). Several new taxa and taxonomic arrangements are proposed: Cessator crypticusnew species, Cessator tortolensisnew species, Cessator obrienorumnew species; Dracolycus chupacabranew genus and species, Dracolycus marshallinew species; Leptolycus falsoheterocornisnew species, and Leptolycus viensisnew species. Nanolycus gnomus Kazantsev is moved to Cessator gnomus (Kazantsev) new combination, rendering Nanolycus Kazantsev a new junior synonym of Cessator Kazantsev. The subgenus Baholycus Bocak is a new junior synonym of Leptolycus Leng and Mutchler. Leptolycus heterocornis var. flavicollis Leng and Mutchler is elevated to Leptolycus flavicollis Leng and Mutchler new status; Leptolycus (Leptolycus) albicauda Kazantsev is a new junior synonym of Leptolycus flavicollis Leng and Mutchler. An updated key to the adults and immature forms of Leptolycini from the Puerto Rican bank and a discussion on the importance of scientific collections in biodiversity studies is also provided.","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46352645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clayton R. Traylor, M. Caterino, M. Ulyshen, M. Ferro, Joseph V. McHugh
Abstract The southern Appalachian Mountains were intensively logged during the early 1900s, leaving little remaining old-growth forest. Much of the region is now second-growth forest, which may not be suitable to specialist saproxylic species. Moreover, if suitable habitat exists, poorly dispersing species may not be able to colonize it. To investigate this, we assessed the distribution and old-growth dependency of two low-mobility saproxylic beetles in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Using both field surveys and community science data, we found Megalodacne heros (Say 1823) (Coleoptera: Erotylidae) to be limited to lower elevations regardless of disturbance history, while Phellopsis obcordata (Kirby 1837) (Coleoptera: Zopheridae) was restricted to inside or near old-growth forests. Although trees were generally smaller in second-growth, we detected no habitat limitation for P. obcordata: fungal hosts were present in second-growth areas and the beetle was present on trees as small as 11 cm in diameter. This suggests its distribution is shaped by its low dispersal capability and need for temporal continuity of deadwood habitat, therefore qualifying it as an indicator species. For P. obcordata, old-growth acted as refugia during landscape-wide, anthropogenic disturbances in the early 1900s, though we can draw no conclusions about M. heros from our dataset. The difference in sensitivity to human disturbance displayed between species may be linked to their relative dispersal abilities: P. obcordata is entirely flightless while M. heros is capable of some flight. This study highlights the value of using saproxylic invertebrates with limited dispersal ability for assessing impacts from anthropogenic forest disturbances.
{"title":"Assessing the Old-Growth Dependency of Two Saproxylic Beetle Species in the Southern Appalachian Mountains","authors":"Clayton R. Traylor, M. Caterino, M. Ulyshen, M. Ferro, Joseph V. McHugh","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixac012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixac012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The southern Appalachian Mountains were intensively logged during the early 1900s, leaving little remaining old-growth forest. Much of the region is now second-growth forest, which may not be suitable to specialist saproxylic species. Moreover, if suitable habitat exists, poorly dispersing species may not be able to colonize it. To investigate this, we assessed the distribution and old-growth dependency of two low-mobility saproxylic beetles in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Using both field surveys and community science data, we found Megalodacne heros (Say 1823) (Coleoptera: Erotylidae) to be limited to lower elevations regardless of disturbance history, while Phellopsis obcordata (Kirby 1837) (Coleoptera: Zopheridae) was restricted to inside or near old-growth forests. Although trees were generally smaller in second-growth, we detected no habitat limitation for P. obcordata: fungal hosts were present in second-growth areas and the beetle was present on trees as small as 11 cm in diameter. This suggests its distribution is shaped by its low dispersal capability and need for temporal continuity of deadwood habitat, therefore qualifying it as an indicator species. For P. obcordata, old-growth acted as refugia during landscape-wide, anthropogenic disturbances in the early 1900s, though we can draw no conclusions about M. heros from our dataset. The difference in sensitivity to human disturbance displayed between species may be linked to their relative dispersal abilities: P. obcordata is entirely flightless while M. heros is capable of some flight. This study highlights the value of using saproxylic invertebrates with limited dispersal ability for assessing impacts from anthropogenic forest disturbances.","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41727254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erik Tihelka, M. Jäch, Robin Kundrata, Yan‐Da Li, M. Engel, J. Lozano-Fernandez, Diying Huang, Chen-yang Cai
With some 3,700 described species, Dryopoidea are a moderately diverse superfamily of beetles whose position within basal Polyphaga has been historically difficult to elucidate. Members of most extant dryopoid families are set apart from the majority of other polyphagans by their association with aquatic habitats, but little is known about the origin of these derived life habits and the phylogeny of the superfamily. Here we describe Mastigocoleidae Tihelka, Jäch, Kundrata & Cai fam. nov., a new family of Mesozoic dryopoids represented by fossils from the Cretaceous Yixian Formation in northeastern China (undescribed species; ~125 Ma), Crato Formation in northeastern Brazil (Mastigocoleus rhinoceros Tihelka & Cai gen. et sp. nov.; ~113 Ma), and amber from northern Myanmar (Mastigocoleus resinicola Tihelka & Cai gen. et sp. nov. and Cretaceocoleus saetosus Tihelka, Kundrata & Cai gen. et sp. nov.; ~99 Ma). Integrating the findings of recent molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses, we recover Mastigocoleidae as an early-diverging dryopoid clade sister to the families Lutrochidae and Dryopidae, or less likely as a group of putative stem-dryopoids. Mastigocoleidae are most distinctly separated from all other dryopoid families by their whip-like antennae, with 11 antennomeres, reaching to the pronotal base, and with the scape broadest and longest, a short pedicel, and antennomeres II–XI more or less distinctively gradually tapering toward the apex. Mastigocoleidae indicate that the last common ancestor of Dryopoidea was likely terrestrial in the adult stage, and document character acquisitions associated with a specialization for aquatic life.
{"title":"Mastigocoleidae fam. nov., a New Mesozoic Beetle Family and the Early Evolution of Dryopoidea (Coleoptera)","authors":"Erik Tihelka, M. Jäch, Robin Kundrata, Yan‐Da Li, M. Engel, J. Lozano-Fernandez, Diying Huang, Chen-yang Cai","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixac011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixac011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 With some 3,700 described species, Dryopoidea are a moderately diverse superfamily of beetles whose position within basal Polyphaga has been historically difficult to elucidate. Members of most extant dryopoid families are set apart from the majority of other polyphagans by their association with aquatic habitats, but little is known about the origin of these derived life habits and the phylogeny of the superfamily. Here we describe Mastigocoleidae Tihelka, Jäch, Kundrata & Cai fam. nov., a new family of Mesozoic dryopoids represented by fossils from the Cretaceous Yixian Formation in northeastern China (undescribed species; ~125 Ma), Crato Formation in northeastern Brazil (Mastigocoleus rhinoceros Tihelka & Cai gen. et sp. nov.; ~113 Ma), and amber from northern Myanmar (Mastigocoleus resinicola Tihelka & Cai gen. et sp. nov. and Cretaceocoleus saetosus Tihelka, Kundrata & Cai gen. et sp. nov.; ~99 Ma). Integrating the findings of recent molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses, we recover Mastigocoleidae as an early-diverging dryopoid clade sister to the families Lutrochidae and Dryopidae, or less likely as a group of putative stem-dryopoids. Mastigocoleidae are most distinctly separated from all other dryopoid families by their whip-like antennae, with 11 antennomeres, reaching to the pronotal base, and with the scape broadest and longest, a short pedicel, and antennomeres II–XI more or less distinctively gradually tapering toward the apex. Mastigocoleidae indicate that the last common ancestor of Dryopoidea was likely terrestrial in the adult stage, and document character acquisitions associated with a specialization for aquatic life.","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45062473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We review the species of Megaselia similar to Megaselia sulphurizona Borgmeier. A close examination of M. sulphurizona indicates that its current concept includes at least 16 species, 15 of which— Megaselia albizona, Megaselia borealizona, Megaselia colombizona, Megaselia cryptizona, Megaselia danizona, Megaselia guanizona, Megaselia marizona, Megaselia nivizona, Megaselia oklizona, Megaselia paulizona, Megaselia reductizona, Megaselia solizona, Megaselia tropizona, Megaselia wendizona, and Megaselia winnizona are described as new, based primarily on molecular data. The identity of the holotype of the species M. sulphurizona is clarified through wing vein morphometrics. Two of the new species, M. albizona and M. cryptizona, are the 47th and 48th new species of phorid fly described from the BioSCAN project, an urban biodiversity study in Los Angeles, California, U.S.
{"title":"Sixteen in One: White-Belted Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae) From the New World Challenge Species Concepts","authors":"B. Brown, Emily A. Hartop, Maria A. Wong","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixac008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixac008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We review the species of Megaselia similar to Megaselia sulphurizona Borgmeier. A close examination of M. sulphurizona indicates that its current concept includes at least 16 species, 15 of which— Megaselia albizona, Megaselia borealizona, Megaselia colombizona, Megaselia cryptizona, Megaselia danizona, Megaselia guanizona, Megaselia marizona, Megaselia nivizona, Megaselia oklizona, Megaselia paulizona, Megaselia reductizona, Megaselia solizona, Megaselia tropizona, Megaselia wendizona, and Megaselia winnizona are described as new, based primarily on molecular data. The identity of the holotype of the species M. sulphurizona is clarified through wing vein morphometrics. Two of the new species, M. albizona and M. cryptizona, are the 47th and 48th new species of phorid fly described from the BioSCAN project, an urban biodiversity study in Los Angeles, California, U.S.","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47726853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial: Introducing the New Editors-in-Chief of Insect Systematics and Diversity and Sharing Their Vision","authors":"J. Bond, Hojun Song","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixac005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixac005","url":null,"abstract":"We, Drs. Hojun","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49616269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joan C. Hinojosa, J. Tóth, Yeray Monasterio, Luis Sánchez Mesa, Miguel G Muñoz Sariot, Ruth Escobés, R. Vilà
Abstract The Melitaea phoebe group is constituted by six species distributed throughout the Palearctic. One of the most widespread species is Melitaea ornata Christoph, 1893, present from France (Provence) to Central Asia. Recently, populations of M. ornata were discovered in a mountainous region of south-eastern Iberia, although doubts about their taxonomy existed. To clarify the taxonomic status of these populations and to revise the distribution of this taxon in Iberia, we have sequenced mitochondrial (COI barcode region) and nuclear (wg, RPS5, MDH, and EF-1α) markers, and analyzed the male genitalia for 72 Iberian individuals and for all the species of the M. phoebe group. This information was complemented with phenological and ecological data. Our results unveiled that the Iberian M. ornata-like taxon is in fact distributed through most of the Iberian Peninsula, except for the south-west and north-east. In contrast to the univoltine M. ornata, the Iberian taxon can be bivoltine in the wild. The Iberian taxon was retrieved to be related to M. ornata, but the differences in the genetic markers and genitalia were comparable to those found between species in the group. Based on the evidence here presented and according to species delimitation results, we propose to consider the Iberian taxon as a novel species, tentatively named Melitaea pseudornata Muñoz Sariot & Sánchez Mesa, 2019, stat. nov. Resum El grup Melitaea phoebe està format per sis espècies distribuïdes arreu del Paleàrtic. Una de les espècies més esteses és la Melitaea ornata Christoph, 1893, present des de França (Provença) fins a l'Àsia Central. Recentment, es descobriren poblacions de M. ornata en una regió muntanyosa del sud-est de la península Ibèrica, tot i que existien dubtes sobre la seva taxonomia. Amb l'objectiu d'esclarir l'estatus taxonòmic d'aquestes poblacions i revisar la distribució d'aquest tàxon a la península Ibèrica, hem seqüenciat els marcadors mitocondrials (regió del codi de barres del COI) i nuclears (wg, RPS5, MDH i EF-1α) i hem analitzat la genitàlia masculina de 72 individus ibèrics i de totes les espècies del grup de M. phoebe. Aquesta informació s'ha complementat amb dades fenològiques i ecològiques. Els nostres resultats revelaren que, de fet, el tàxon ibèric de tipus M. ornata es distribueix per bona part de la península Ibèrica llevat del sud-oest i el nord-est. A diferència de la M. ornata, que és univoltina, el tàxon ibèric pot ser bivoltí a la natura. El tàxon ibèric està relacionat amb M. ornata, però les diferències en els marcadors genètics i la genitàlia foren comparables a les trobades entre les diferents espècies del grup. Degut a aquestes diferències i segons els resultats de la delimitació d'espècies, proposem considerar el tàxon ibèric com a una espècie nova, provisionalment anomenada Melitaea pseudornata Muñoz Sariot & Sánchez Mesa, 2019, stat. nov.
摘要:鸟属(Melitaea phoebe)由分布在古北区的6个物种组成。最广泛分布的种之一是Melitaea ornata Christoph, 1893年，分布于法国(普罗旺斯)到中亚。最近，在伊比利亚东南部的一个山区发现了M. ornata种群，尽管对它们的分类存在怀疑。为了明确这些种群的分类地位和修正该分类群在伊比利亚的分布，我们对线粒体(COI条形码区)和核(wg、RPS5、MDH和EF-1α)标记进行了测序，并对72个伊比利亚个体和所有种类的M. phoebe群的雄性生殖器进行了分析。这一信息与物候和生态数据相辅相成。结果表明，除了西南部和东北部外，伊比利亚半岛的大部分地区都有类似M. ornata的类群分布。与单元化的M. ornata相比，伊比利亚分类群在野外可以是双元化的。伊比利亚分类群被检索为与M. ornata有亲缘关系，但遗传标记和生殖器的差异与该群体中物种之间的差异相当。基于本文提供的证据和物种划分结果，我们建议将伊比利亚分类群视为一个新种，暂定名为Melitaea pseudonata Muñoz Sariot & Sánchez Mesa, 2019, stat. 11 . Resum El group Melitaea phoebe est format per sis esp cies distribuïdes arreu del Paleàrtic。Una德莱斯especies mes埃斯蒂斯es la Melitaea这种Christoph, 1893,现在des德语言(Provenca)鳍l 'Asia中央。最近，我们在península ibrica发现了micornata在regió muntanyosa del sud-est de la ibrica的cocobriren poblions，并对现有的物种进行了分类。Amb l'objectiu d'esclarir l'estatus taxonòmic d'aquestes poblacions i revisar la distribució d'aquestes tàxon a la península ibrica, hem seqq enciat els marcadors mitocondrials (regió del codi de barres del COI) i nuclears (wg, RPS5, MDH i EF-1α) i hem分析la genitàlia masculina de 72个ibrics i de totes les espcies del组de M. phoebe。Aquesta informació s'ha互补ambades fenològiques i ecològiques。el nores结果揭示了不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的分布。奥纳塔先生的一个不同之处是，他的职业生涯一帆风顺，他的职业生涯一帆风顺，他的职业生涯一帆风顺。1 . tàxon国外可比性指数与国外可比性指数之间的关系，però国外可比性指数与国外可比性指数之间的关系，genitàlia国外可比性指数与国外可比性指数之间的关系。Degut a对不同阶段的研究结果提出了疑问delimitació d’es，建议考虑el tàxon ib和una esp，临时公告Melitaea pseudoornata Muñoz Sariot & Sánchez Mesa, 2019, stat. 11。
{"title":"Integrative Taxonomy Reveals a New Melitaea (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Species Widely Distributed in the Iberian Peninsula","authors":"Joan C. Hinojosa, J. Tóth, Yeray Monasterio, Luis Sánchez Mesa, Miguel G Muñoz Sariot, Ruth Escobés, R. Vilà","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixac004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixac004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Melitaea phoebe group is constituted by six species distributed throughout the Palearctic. One of the most widespread species is Melitaea ornata Christoph, 1893, present from France (Provence) to Central Asia. Recently, populations of M. ornata were discovered in a mountainous region of south-eastern Iberia, although doubts about their taxonomy existed. To clarify the taxonomic status of these populations and to revise the distribution of this taxon in Iberia, we have sequenced mitochondrial (COI barcode region) and nuclear (wg, RPS5, MDH, and EF-1α) markers, and analyzed the male genitalia for 72 Iberian individuals and for all the species of the M. phoebe group. This information was complemented with phenological and ecological data. Our results unveiled that the Iberian M. ornata-like taxon is in fact distributed through most of the Iberian Peninsula, except for the south-west and north-east. In contrast to the univoltine M. ornata, the Iberian taxon can be bivoltine in the wild. The Iberian taxon was retrieved to be related to M. ornata, but the differences in the genetic markers and genitalia were comparable to those found between species in the group. Based on the evidence here presented and according to species delimitation results, we propose to consider the Iberian taxon as a novel species, tentatively named Melitaea pseudornata Muñoz Sariot & Sánchez Mesa, 2019, stat. nov. Resum El grup Melitaea phoebe està format per sis espècies distribuïdes arreu del Paleàrtic. Una de les espècies més esteses és la Melitaea ornata Christoph, 1893, present des de França (Provença) fins a l'Àsia Central. Recentment, es descobriren poblacions de M. ornata en una regió muntanyosa del sud-est de la península Ibèrica, tot i que existien dubtes sobre la seva taxonomia. Amb l'objectiu d'esclarir l'estatus taxonòmic d'aquestes poblacions i revisar la distribució d'aquest tàxon a la península Ibèrica, hem seqüenciat els marcadors mitocondrials (regió del codi de barres del COI) i nuclears (wg, RPS5, MDH i EF-1α) i hem analitzat la genitàlia masculina de 72 individus ibèrics i de totes les espècies del grup de M. phoebe. Aquesta informació s'ha complementat amb dades fenològiques i ecològiques. Els nostres resultats revelaren que, de fet, el tàxon ibèric de tipus M. ornata es distribueix per bona part de la península Ibèrica llevat del sud-oest i el nord-est. A diferència de la M. ornata, que és univoltina, el tàxon ibèric pot ser bivoltí a la natura. El tàxon ibèric està relacionat amb M. ornata, però les diferències en els marcadors genètics i la genitàlia foren comparables a les trobades entre les diferents espècies del grup. Degut a aquestes diferències i segons els resultats de la delimitació d'espècies, proposem considerar el tàxon ibèric com a una espècie nova, provisionalment anomenada Melitaea pseudornata Muñoz Sariot & Sánchez Mesa, 2019, stat. nov.","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46433917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lazzat Aibekova, B. Boudinot, R. Beutel, A. Richter, R. Keller, F. Hita-Garcia, E. Economo
Abstract The mesosoma is the power core of the ant, containing critical structural and muscular elements for the movement of the head, legs, and metasoma. It has been hypothesized that adaptation to ground locomotion and the loss of flight led to the substantial rearrangements in the mesosoma in worker ants and that it is likely the ant mesosoma has undergone functional modifications as ants diversified into different ecological and behavioral niches. Despite this importance, studies on the anatomy of the ant mesosoma are still scarce, and there is limited understanding of important variation of internal structures across the ant phylogeny. Recent advances in imaging techniques have made it possible to digitally dissect small insects, to document the anatomy efficiently and in detail, and to visualize these data in 3D. Here we document the mesosomal skeletomuscular system of workers of the red wood ant, Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761, and use it to establish a 3D atlas of mesosomal anatomy that will serve as reference work for further studies. We discuss and illustrate the configuration of the skeletomuscular components and the function of the muscles in interaction with the skeletal elements. This anatomical evaluation of a ‘generalized’ ant provides a template for future studies of the mesosoma across the radiation of Formicidae, with the ultimate objective of synthesizing structural, functional, and transformational information to understand the evolution of a crucial body region of ants.
{"title":"The Skeletomuscular System of the Mesosoma of Formica rufa Workers (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)","authors":"Lazzat Aibekova, B. Boudinot, R. Beutel, A. Richter, R. Keller, F. Hita-Garcia, E. Economo","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixac002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixac002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The mesosoma is the power core of the ant, containing critical structural and muscular elements for the movement of the head, legs, and metasoma. It has been hypothesized that adaptation to ground locomotion and the loss of flight led to the substantial rearrangements in the mesosoma in worker ants and that it is likely the ant mesosoma has undergone functional modifications as ants diversified into different ecological and behavioral niches. Despite this importance, studies on the anatomy of the ant mesosoma are still scarce, and there is limited understanding of important variation of internal structures across the ant phylogeny. Recent advances in imaging techniques have made it possible to digitally dissect small insects, to document the anatomy efficiently and in detail, and to visualize these data in 3D. Here we document the mesosomal skeletomuscular system of workers of the red wood ant, Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761, and use it to establish a 3D atlas of mesosomal anatomy that will serve as reference work for further studies. We discuss and illustrate the configuration of the skeletomuscular components and the function of the muscles in interaction with the skeletal elements. This anatomical evaluation of a ‘generalized’ ant provides a template for future studies of the mesosoma across the radiation of Formicidae, with the ultimate objective of synthesizing structural, functional, and transformational information to understand the evolution of a crucial body region of ants.","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49375897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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