Yanghui Cao, C. Dietrich, J. Kits, D. A. Dmitriev, R. Richter, J. Eyres, Jeremy R. Dettman, Ye Xu, Min Huang
Phylogenomic analyses of datasets comprising 665 anchored loci and 234 species representing all recognized tribes and regional faunas of the leafhopper subfamily Typhlocybinae yielded well-resolved phylogenies for this group, largely robust to differences in analytical approach. The results support the 5 currently recognized tribes as monophyletic: Alebrini, Empoascini, Typhlocybini, Dikraneurini, and Erythroneurini, but the previously recognized tribes Zyginellini and Eupterygini are polyphyletic. A new tribe Beameranini is described based on the morphologically aberrant Neotropical genus Beamerana Young. Morphological characters traditionally used to recognize tribes are mostly stable but nearly all exhibit some homoplasy, with similar reductions and consolidations of some hind wing veins having occurred in independent lineages. Divergence time estimates indicate that the currently recognized tribes all arose during the mid- to late Cretaceous with some early splits between New and Old World lineages occur during the late Cretaceous, but most modern genera arising during the Paleogene and multiple transcontinental dispersal events also occur in the Paleogene.
{"title":"Phylogenomics of microleafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae): morphological evolution, divergence times, and biogeography","authors":"Yanghui Cao, C. Dietrich, J. Kits, D. A. Dmitriev, R. Richter, J. Eyres, Jeremy R. Dettman, Ye Xu, Min Huang","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixad010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixad010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Phylogenomic analyses of datasets comprising 665 anchored loci and 234 species representing all recognized tribes and regional faunas of the leafhopper subfamily Typhlocybinae yielded well-resolved phylogenies for this group, largely robust to differences in analytical approach. The results support the 5 currently recognized tribes as monophyletic: Alebrini, Empoascini, Typhlocybini, Dikraneurini, and Erythroneurini, but the previously recognized tribes Zyginellini and Eupterygini are polyphyletic. A new tribe Beameranini is described based on the morphologically aberrant Neotropical genus Beamerana Young. Morphological characters traditionally used to recognize tribes are mostly stable but nearly all exhibit some homoplasy, with similar reductions and consolidations of some hind wing veins having occurred in independent lineages. Divergence time estimates indicate that the currently recognized tribes all arose during the mid- to late Cretaceous with some early splits between New and Old World lineages occur during the late Cretaceous, but most modern genera arising during the Paleogene and multiple transcontinental dispersal events also occur in the Paleogene.","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47786695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Felipe V. Freitas, M. Branstetter, Vinícius H Franceschini-Santos, A. Dorchin, Karen W. Wright, M. López-Uribe, T. Griswold, F. A. Silveira, E. A. Almeida
Long-horned bees (Apidae, Eucerini) are found in different biomes worldwide and include some important crop pollinators. In the Western Hemisphere, Eucerini received extensive taxonomic study during the twentieth century, resulting in several revisions of its genera. In contrast, progress on eucerine phylogenetic research and the genus-level classification has been slow, primarily due to the relatively homogeneous external morphology within the tribe and the rarity of many of its species in collections. Here, we present a comprehensive phylogenetic study of Eucerini based on ultraconserved elements, including 153 species from nearly all genera and subgenera and from all biogeographic regions where they occur. Many of these specimens are from museums and were collected as far back as 1909. We discuss the challenges of working with specimens with highly degraded DNA, present insights into improving phylogenetic results for both species-tree and concatenation approaches, and present a new pipeline for UCE curation (Curation of UltraconseRved Elements—CURE). Our results show the existence of seven main lineages in Eucerini and most of the genera and subgenera to be reciprocally monophyletic. Using a comprehensive and up-to-date phylogenetic framework, we: (1) propose taxonomic changes, including a new subtribal classification and reorganized generic and subgeneric limits; (2) estimate divergence times; and (3) conduct a detailed exploration of historical biogeography of long-horned bees. We find that eucerine lineages expanded their range onto most continents only after their initial diversification in southern South America during the Eocene.
{"title":"UCE phylogenomics, biogeography, and classification of long-horned bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Eucerini), with insights on using specimens with extremely degraded DNA","authors":"Felipe V. Freitas, M. Branstetter, Vinícius H Franceschini-Santos, A. Dorchin, Karen W. Wright, M. López-Uribe, T. Griswold, F. A. Silveira, E. A. Almeida","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixad012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixad012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Long-horned bees (Apidae, Eucerini) are found in different biomes worldwide and include some important crop pollinators. In the Western Hemisphere, Eucerini received extensive taxonomic study during the twentieth century, resulting in several revisions of its genera. In contrast, progress on eucerine phylogenetic research and the genus-level classification has been slow, primarily due to the relatively homogeneous external morphology within the tribe and the rarity of many of its species in collections. Here, we present a comprehensive phylogenetic study of Eucerini based on ultraconserved elements, including 153 species from nearly all genera and subgenera and from all biogeographic regions where they occur. Many of these specimens are from museums and were collected as far back as 1909. We discuss the challenges of working with specimens with highly degraded DNA, present insights into improving phylogenetic results for both species-tree and concatenation approaches, and present a new pipeline for UCE curation (Curation of UltraconseRved Elements—CURE). Our results show the existence of seven main lineages in Eucerini and most of the genera and subgenera to be reciprocally monophyletic. Using a comprehensive and up-to-date phylogenetic framework, we: (1) propose taxonomic changes, including a new subtribal classification and reorganized generic and subgeneric limits; (2) estimate divergence times; and (3) conduct a detailed exploration of historical biogeography of long-horned bees. We find that eucerine lineages expanded their range onto most continents only after their initial diversification in southern South America during the Eocene.","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44437027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract We analyze the relationships of the click beetles (Elateridae) Paulusiella Löbl, 2007, and Analestesa Leach, 1824 (=Cebriognathus Chobaut, 1899). Both are incapable of jumping, with soft-bodied habitus caused by the incomplete sclerotization of the cuticle during the metamorphosis and unknown females. Their phylogenetic positions have been an uncertain issue. We use mitochondrial genomes and nuclear genes to test their current placement in Cebrionini (=Cebriognathini) and Elaterinae incertae sedis, respectively. We recover Paulusiella as a sister to Hemiops Laporte, 1838 (Hemiopinae) and Analestesa as one of the serially splitting branches in Cardiophorinae, both with robust support. Paulusiellini trib. nov. is proposed for Paulusiella in Hemiopinae due to high morphological disparity. Analestesa is transferred to Cardiophorinae, and Cebriognathini Paulus, 1981, an earlier synonym of Elaterinae: Cebrionini, is a synonym of Cardiophorinae Candèze, 1859. The click beetles affected by ontogenetic modifications converge to similar forms. As a result, their phylogenetic position cannot be reliably inferred by morphological analyses and needs to be validated by molecular data. Paulusiella and Analestesa represent two additional cases of the shift to incomplete sclerotization in elaterids raising the total number to 6. The present transfers of extant taxa between subfamilies call for a cautious interpretation of morphology in other soft-bodied groups, including the taxa described from amber deposits.
{"title":"Ontogenetic modifications produce similar phenotypes in distantly related click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae)","authors":"Dominik Kusy, Michal Motyka, Ladislav Bocak","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixad017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixad017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We analyze the relationships of the click beetles (Elateridae) Paulusiella Löbl, 2007, and Analestesa Leach, 1824 (=Cebriognathus Chobaut, 1899). Both are incapable of jumping, with soft-bodied habitus caused by the incomplete sclerotization of the cuticle during the metamorphosis and unknown females. Their phylogenetic positions have been an uncertain issue. We use mitochondrial genomes and nuclear genes to test their current placement in Cebrionini (=Cebriognathini) and Elaterinae incertae sedis, respectively. We recover Paulusiella as a sister to Hemiops Laporte, 1838 (Hemiopinae) and Analestesa as one of the serially splitting branches in Cardiophorinae, both with robust support. Paulusiellini trib. nov. is proposed for Paulusiella in Hemiopinae due to high morphological disparity. Analestesa is transferred to Cardiophorinae, and Cebriognathini Paulus, 1981, an earlier synonym of Elaterinae: Cebrionini, is a synonym of Cardiophorinae Candèze, 1859. The click beetles affected by ontogenetic modifications converge to similar forms. As a result, their phylogenetic position cannot be reliably inferred by morphological analyses and needs to be validated by molecular data. Paulusiella and Analestesa represent two additional cases of the shift to incomplete sclerotization in elaterids raising the total number to 6. The present transfers of extant taxa between subfamilies call for a cautious interpretation of morphology in other soft-bodied groups, including the taxa described from amber deposits.","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135762293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yong-Chao Su, Yi-Fan Chiu, Natapot Warrit, G. Otis, D. Smith
We examine phylogenetic relationships among species and populations of Asian cavity-nesting honeybees, emphasizing detection of potential unrecognized species in the geographically widespread Apis cerana Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Apidae). We carried out a phylogenetic analysis of genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using BEASTv1.8.4 and IQ-TREE 2. Our samples cover the largest geographic area and number of populations of Asian cavity-nesting honey bees sampled to date. We used STRUCTURE, Bayes Factor Delimitation, and discriminant analysis of principal components to infer probable species among populations of cavity-nesting honeybees currently recognized as Apis cerana. Our results support 4 species within A. cerana: the yellow “plains” honeybee of India and Sri Lanka; the lineage inhabiting the oceanic Philippine islands; the Sundaland lineage found in Indonesia, Malaysia, and parts of southeast Asia; and a Mainland lineage, which we provisionally consider A. cerana in a narrow sense.
{"title":"Phylogeography and species delimitation of the Asian cavity-nesting honeybees","authors":"Yong-Chao Su, Yi-Fan Chiu, Natapot Warrit, G. Otis, D. Smith","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixad015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixad015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We examine phylogenetic relationships among species and populations of Asian cavity-nesting honeybees, emphasizing detection of potential unrecognized species in the geographically widespread Apis cerana Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Apidae). We carried out a phylogenetic analysis of genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using BEASTv1.8.4 and IQ-TREE 2. Our samples cover the largest geographic area and number of populations of Asian cavity-nesting honey bees sampled to date. We used STRUCTURE, Bayes Factor Delimitation, and discriminant analysis of principal components to infer probable species among populations of cavity-nesting honeybees currently recognized as Apis cerana. Our results support 4 species within A. cerana: the yellow “plains” honeybee of India and Sri Lanka; the lineage inhabiting the oceanic Philippine islands; the Sundaland lineage found in Indonesia, Malaysia, and parts of southeast Asia; and a Mainland lineage, which we provisionally consider A. cerana in a narrow sense.","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61455920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Havill, Tonya D. Bittner, J. Andersen, Nicholas J. Dietschler, J. Elkinton, S. Gaimari, Brian P. Griffin, Deanna Zembrzuski, M. Whitmore
Sympatric host-associated genetic differentiation is a prominent pattern that could lead to speciation. In insects, there are numerous examples of host-associated differentiation among herbivores that prefer different plants, and parasitoids that prefer different hosts, but few examples for specialist predators. We developed new microsatellite loci for two species of silver fly, Leucotaraxis argenticollis (Zetterstedt) and L. piniperda (Malloch) (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), being evaluated as biological control agents for the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), in eastern North America where it is a nonnative pest. We obtained DNA from specimens of both fly species feeding on native A. tsugae in western North America, as well as on other western and eastern adelgid species. We performed population genetic analyses using the new loci and DNA barcode sequences. Our results confirmed east–west allopatric divergence and uncovered nested genetic differentiation associated with different adelgid prey species and their host plants in western North America for both species of silver flies. For both species, there is also evidence for a longer history of diversification in the west, with ancestral specialization of feeding on pine adelgids, which was retained after range expansion to the east. More recently, divergence to feeding on new adelgid prey species occurred in the west. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that host-alternating life cycles in Adelgidae may provide temporary escape from specialist predators. We discuss the implications for biological control efficacy and potential for lineage hybridization as western flies are released in the east to control A. tsugae.
{"title":"Prey-associated genetic differentiation in two species of silver fly (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), Leucotaraxis argenticollis and L. piniperda","authors":"N. Havill, Tonya D. Bittner, J. Andersen, Nicholas J. Dietschler, J. Elkinton, S. Gaimari, Brian P. Griffin, Deanna Zembrzuski, M. Whitmore","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixad007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixad007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Sympatric host-associated genetic differentiation is a prominent pattern that could lead to speciation. In insects, there are numerous examples of host-associated differentiation among herbivores that prefer different plants, and parasitoids that prefer different hosts, but few examples for specialist predators. We developed new microsatellite loci for two species of silver fly, Leucotaraxis argenticollis (Zetterstedt) and L. piniperda (Malloch) (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), being evaluated as biological control agents for the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), in eastern North America where it is a nonnative pest. We obtained DNA from specimens of both fly species feeding on native A. tsugae in western North America, as well as on other western and eastern adelgid species. We performed population genetic analyses using the new loci and DNA barcode sequences. Our results confirmed east–west allopatric divergence and uncovered nested genetic differentiation associated with different adelgid prey species and their host plants in western North America for both species of silver flies. For both species, there is also evidence for a longer history of diversification in the west, with ancestral specialization of feeding on pine adelgids, which was retained after range expansion to the east. More recently, divergence to feeding on new adelgid prey species occurred in the west. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that host-alternating life cycles in Adelgidae may provide temporary escape from specialist predators. We discuss the implications for biological control efficacy and potential for lineage hybridization as western flies are released in the east to control A. tsugae.","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48010405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reviewers for <i>Insect Systematics and Diversity</i> (November 2021–October 2022)","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixad001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixad001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":"246 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134992644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spiders of the genus Troglohyphantes (Araneae: Linyphiidae) exemplify one of the largest subterranean adaptive radiation across European mountain ranges, counting over 130 species and representing about one fifth of total species richness of cave spiders in Europe. Despite the emerging potential of Troglohyphantes as a biogeographical model, no attempt has been made to reconstruct the geological events underlying the current distribution patterns of the genus. By coupling traditional taxonomy with target gene sequence data and comparative functional trait analyses, we describe a new species of Troglohyphantes, the first reported from the island of Corsica (France). The species is characterized by a high level of subterranean adaptation and distinct morphological affinities with geographically distant congenerics. By means of time-stamped phylogenies, we tested contrasting hypotheses about the origin of the new species. The most parsimonious explanation suggests that the species diverged from an ancestral group of species originating in the Adriatic plate in the lower Miocene (~19 Ma), colonizing Corsica from the east. In the absence of relevant fossil records, the well-known geochronology of Corsica and the Western Mediterranean basin can be used in future studies to reconstruct the biogeography of the whole genus and for inferring the timeline of its diversification.
{"title":"A relict subterranean spider (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Troglohyphantes) reveals a unique component of the biogeography of Corsica","authors":"M. Isaia, S. Mammola, M. Arnedo","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixad008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixad008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Spiders of the genus Troglohyphantes (Araneae: Linyphiidae) exemplify one of the largest subterranean adaptive radiation across European mountain ranges, counting over 130 species and representing about one fifth of total species richness of cave spiders in Europe. Despite the emerging potential of Troglohyphantes as a biogeographical model, no attempt has been made to reconstruct the geological events underlying the current distribution patterns of the genus. By coupling traditional taxonomy with target gene sequence data and comparative functional trait analyses, we describe a new species of Troglohyphantes, the first reported from the island of Corsica (France). The species is characterized by a high level of subterranean adaptation and distinct morphological affinities with geographically distant congenerics. By means of time-stamped phylogenies, we tested contrasting hypotheses about the origin of the new species. The most parsimonious explanation suggests that the species diverged from an ancestral group of species originating in the Adriatic plate in the lower Miocene (~19 Ma), colonizing Corsica from the east. In the absence of relevant fossil records, the well-known geochronology of Corsica and the Western Mediterranean basin can be used in future studies to reconstruct the biogeography of the whole genus and for inferring the timeline of its diversification.","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42362045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aaron M. Goodman, Ethan Tolman, R. Uche-Dike, J. Abbott, Jesse W. Breinholt, S. Bybee, P. Frandsen, J. Gosnell, R. Guralnick, V. Kalkman, M. Kohli, Judicael Fomekong Lontchi, Pungki Lupiyaningdyah, Lacie G Newton, J. Ware
The use of gDNAs isolated from museum specimens for high throughput sequencing, especially targeted sequencing in the context of phylogenetics, is a common practice. Yet, little understanding has been focused on comparing the quality of DNA and results of sequencing museum DNAs. Dragonflies and damselflies are ubiquitous in freshwater ecosystems and are commonly collected and preserved insects in museum collections hence their use in this study. However, the history of odonate preservation across time and museums has resulted in wide variability in the success of viable DNA extraction, necessitating an assessment of their usefulness in genetic studies. Using Anchored Hybrid Enrichment probes, we sequenced DNA from samples at 2 museums, 48 from the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) in NYC, USA and 46 from the Naturalis Biodiversity Center (RMNH) in Leiden, Netherlands ranging from global collection localities and across a 120-year time span. We recovered at least 4 loci out of an >1,000 locus probe set for all samples, with the average capture being ~385 loci (539 loci on average when a clade of ambiguous taxa omitted). Neither specimen age nor size was a good predictor of locus capture, but recapture rates differed significantly between museums. Samples from the AMNH had lower overall locus capture than the RMNH, perhaps due to differences in specimen storage over time.
{"title":"Assessment of targeted enrichment locus capture across time and museums using odonate specimens","authors":"Aaron M. Goodman, Ethan Tolman, R. Uche-Dike, J. Abbott, Jesse W. Breinholt, S. Bybee, P. Frandsen, J. Gosnell, R. Guralnick, V. Kalkman, M. Kohli, Judicael Fomekong Lontchi, Pungki Lupiyaningdyah, Lacie G Newton, J. Ware","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixad011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixad011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The use of gDNAs isolated from museum specimens for high throughput sequencing, especially targeted sequencing in the context of phylogenetics, is a common practice. Yet, little understanding has been focused on comparing the quality of DNA and results of sequencing museum DNAs. Dragonflies and damselflies are ubiquitous in freshwater ecosystems and are commonly collected and preserved insects in museum collections hence their use in this study. However, the history of odonate preservation across time and museums has resulted in wide variability in the success of viable DNA extraction, necessitating an assessment of their usefulness in genetic studies. Using Anchored Hybrid Enrichment probes, we sequenced DNA from samples at 2 museums, 48 from the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) in NYC, USA and 46 from the Naturalis Biodiversity Center (RMNH) in Leiden, Netherlands ranging from global collection localities and across a 120-year time span. We recovered at least 4 loci out of an >1,000 locus probe set for all samples, with the average capture being ~385 loci (539 loci on average when a clade of ambiguous taxa omitted). Neither specimen age nor size was a good predictor of locus capture, but recapture rates differed significantly between museums. Samples from the AMNH had lower overall locus capture than the RMNH, perhaps due to differences in specimen storage over time.","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47906127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melissa S Sisson, Matthew J Flom, Janna L Crossley, Rebecca Simmons
The tribe Noctuini is comprised over 520 species; many are economically important species that impact human agriculture. Despite their diversity and relevance, relationships of Noctuini have been difficult to resolve. There have been extensive morphological revisions of some of these taxa (e.g., Agrotis Ochsenheimer, Euxoa Hübner); however, there are no studies that focus exclusively on the phylogenetic relationships of the Noctuini. Currently, Noctuini are separated into 2 subtribes, Agrotina and Noctuina. In this study, we tested previous classification schemes with 2 analyses. The total evidence analysis utilized 3 loci for 3 outgroup taxa and 54 noctuine species. Using museum specimens, we collected data from cytochrome oxidase I (COI), Dopa Decarboxylase (DDC), and Elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α) to generate a dataset of 1,378 base pairs (bp) for a total evidence approach. We also used previously published COI sequences for 626 species, resulting in a matrix of 690 bp, termed “the barcode analysis.” We used both Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian approaches for the total evidence analysis, and ML for the barcode analysis. In both sets of results, we found equivocal support for monophyletic Agrotina and Noctuina. We found strong support for smaller, well-described genera (e.g., Spaelotis), but poor support for large genera such as Euxoa, Feltia Walker, and Agrotis. It is likely that a combination of limited taxon/gene sampling, limited gene choice, and the rapid evolution of these species resulted in a lack of phylogenetic resolution in the total evidence topologies. Based on these results, we recommend increased taxon sampling and inclusion of loci that target these rapidly evolving lineages to achieve a better understanding of the phylogeny of Noctuini and its genera.
Noctuini部落由520多个物种组成;许多是影响人类农业的重要经济物种。尽管它们的多样性和相关性，夜之夜的关系一直难以解决。对其中一些分类群(如Agrotis Ochsenheimer, Euxoa h bner)进行了广泛的形态修改;然而，目前还没有专门研究Noctuini的系统发育关系。目前，夜莺被分为2个亚族，Agrotina和Noctuina。在本研究中，我们用2个分析测试了以前的分类方案。总证据分析利用3个位点对3个外群分类群和54个夜景种进行分析。利用博物馆标本，我们收集了细胞色素氧化酶I (COI)、多巴脱羧酶(DDC)和延伸因子1-α (EF1-α)的数据，生成了1378个碱基对(bp)的数据集。我们还使用了先前发表的626个物种的COI序列，得到了一个690 bp的矩阵，称为“条形码分析”。我们使用最大似然和贝叶斯方法进行总证据分析，并使用ML进行条形码分析。在这两组结果中，我们发现对单系草属和夜菇属的模棱两可的支持。我们发现对较小的、描述良好的属(如Spaelotis)的支持度很高，但对大型属(如Euxoa、Feltia Walker和Agrotis)的支持度很低。这可能是由于有限的分类群/基因采样、有限的基因选择和这些物种的快速进化的结合，导致在总证据拓扑结构中缺乏系统发育分辨率。基于这些结果，我们建议增加分类群采样，并纳入针对这些快速进化谱系的基因座，以更好地了解Noctuini及其属的系统发育。
{"title":"A molecular phylogeny of Noctuini (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Noctuinae)","authors":"Melissa S Sisson, Matthew J Flom, Janna L Crossley, Rebecca Simmons","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixad009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixad009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The tribe Noctuini is comprised over 520 species; many are economically important species that impact human agriculture. Despite their diversity and relevance, relationships of Noctuini have been difficult to resolve. There have been extensive morphological revisions of some of these taxa (e.g., Agrotis Ochsenheimer, Euxoa Hübner); however, there are no studies that focus exclusively on the phylogenetic relationships of the Noctuini. Currently, Noctuini are separated into 2 subtribes, Agrotina and Noctuina. In this study, we tested previous classification schemes with 2 analyses. The total evidence analysis utilized 3 loci for 3 outgroup taxa and 54 noctuine species. Using museum specimens, we collected data from cytochrome oxidase I (COI), Dopa Decarboxylase (DDC), and Elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α) to generate a dataset of 1,378 base pairs (bp) for a total evidence approach. We also used previously published COI sequences for 626 species, resulting in a matrix of 690 bp, termed “the barcode analysis.” We used both Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian approaches for the total evidence analysis, and ML for the barcode analysis. In both sets of results, we found equivocal support for monophyletic Agrotina and Noctuina. We found strong support for smaller, well-described genera (e.g., Spaelotis), but poor support for large genera such as Euxoa, Feltia Walker, and Agrotis. It is likely that a combination of limited taxon/gene sampling, limited gene choice, and the rapid evolution of these species resulted in a lack of phylogenetic resolution in the total evidence topologies. Based on these results, we recommend increased taxon sampling and inclusion of loci that target these rapidly evolving lineages to achieve a better understanding of the phylogeny of Noctuini and its genera.","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44274368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sandoval-Arango, M. Branstetter, Carolina F. Cardoso, M. López-Uribe
Coloration is an important phenotypic trait for taxonomic studies and has been widely used for identifying insect species and populations. However, coloration can be a poor diagnostic character for insect species that exhibit high polymorphism in this trait, which can lead to over-splitting of taxonomic units. In orchid bees, color variation has been interpreted by different taxonomists as either polymorphism associated with Müllerian mimicry complexes or diagnostic traits for species identification. Despite this uncertainty, integrative approaches that incorporate multiple independent datasets to test the validity of hair coloration as a character that identifies independent evolutionary units have not been used. Here, we use phylogenomic data from Ultraconserved Elements (UCEs) to explore whether color phenotypes in the widespread orchid bee species complexes Eulaema meriana and Eulaema bombiformis (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini) correspond to independent lineages or polymorphic trait variation within species. We find that lineages within both species are structured according to geography and that color morphs are generally unassociated with evolutionarily independent groups except for populations located in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. We conclude that there is compelling evidence that E. atleticana and E. niveofasciata are subspecies of E. meriana and E. bombiformis, respectively, and not different species as previously suggested. Therefore, we recognize Eulaema meriana atleticana comb. n. and Eulaema bombiformis niveofasciata comb. n. and discuss their morphological characteristics. We make recommendations on the use of color traits for orchid bee taxonomy and discuss the significance of subspecies as evolutionary units relevant for conservation efforts.
{"title":"Phylogenomics reveals within species diversification but incongruence with color phenotypes in widespread orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini)","authors":"S. Sandoval-Arango, M. Branstetter, Carolina F. Cardoso, M. López-Uribe","doi":"10.1093/isd/ixad005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixad005","url":null,"abstract":"Coloration is an important phenotypic trait for taxonomic studies and has been widely used for identifying insect species and populations. However, coloration can be a poor diagnostic character for insect species that exhibit high polymorphism in this trait, which can lead to over-splitting of taxonomic units. In orchid bees, color variation has been interpreted by different taxonomists as either polymorphism associated with Müllerian mimicry complexes or diagnostic traits for species identification. Despite this uncertainty, integrative approaches that incorporate multiple independent datasets to test the validity of hair coloration as a character that identifies independent evolutionary units have not been used. Here, we use phylogenomic data from Ultraconserved Elements (UCEs) to explore whether color phenotypes in the widespread orchid bee species complexes Eulaema meriana and Eulaema bombiformis (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini) correspond to independent lineages or polymorphic trait variation within species. We find that lineages within both species are structured according to geography and that color morphs are generally unassociated with evolutionarily independent groups except for populations located in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. We conclude that there is compelling evidence that E. atleticana and E. niveofasciata are subspecies of E. meriana and E. bombiformis, respectively, and not different species as previously suggested. Therefore, we recognize Eulaema meriana atleticana comb. n. and Eulaema bombiformis niveofasciata comb. n. and discuss their morphological characteristics. We make recommendations on the use of color traits for orchid bee taxonomy and discuss the significance of subspecies as evolutionary units relevant for conservation efforts.","PeriodicalId":48498,"journal":{"name":"Insect Systematics and Diversity","volume":"7 1","pages":"1 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46382022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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