Pub Date : 2020-05-25DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2020.1769174
Thomas B. McGuckian, Adam Beavan, J. Mayer, Daniel Chalkley, G. Pepping
ABSTRACT Purpose: The visual exploratory actions (i.e., scanning head movements) used by football players to perceive their surrounding environment have recently gained interest. While this has resulted in important findings relating to visual exploration during natural match-play, often the study designs lacked the experimental control of laboratory-based experimental settings. We aimed to investigate whether visual exploratory action is associated with passing performance for high-level U13 and U23 players in a controlled skill assessment setting. Methods: Fourteen U13 and 13 U23 football players from a Bundesliga club completed a standardised 32-trial sequence in the Footbonaut. Exploratory head movements were recorded with a head-worn inertial sensor, from which the count, frequency and excursion of head movements were extracted before and during ball possession. Ball reception and disposal were coded for each trial, and performance was operationalised as the time taken to complete each trial. Results: Across all players, visual exploratory action was associated with passing performance. The variables that best explained faster performance were 1) a higher number of head turns before receiving the ball, 2) a lower number of head turns when in possession of the ball, and 3) being an U23 player. However, different combinations of variables explained performance for U13 and U23 players. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate the value of scanning before receiving the ball to prospectively control passing actions in the Footbonaut. Future research should investigate the shared and contrasting characteristics of scanning actions, as they are observed by players in skill assessment tasks such as the Footbonaut, during training and during match-play.
{"title":"The association between visual exploration and passing performance in high-level U13 and U23 football players","authors":"Thomas B. McGuckian, Adam Beavan, J. Mayer, Daniel Chalkley, G. Pepping","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2020.1769174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2020.1769174","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose: The visual exploratory actions (i.e., scanning head movements) used by football players to perceive their surrounding environment have recently gained interest. While this has resulted in important findings relating to visual exploration during natural match-play, often the study designs lacked the experimental control of laboratory-based experimental settings. We aimed to investigate whether visual exploratory action is associated with passing performance for high-level U13 and U23 players in a controlled skill assessment setting. Methods: Fourteen U13 and 13 U23 football players from a Bundesliga club completed a standardised 32-trial sequence in the Footbonaut. Exploratory head movements were recorded with a head-worn inertial sensor, from which the count, frequency and excursion of head movements were extracted before and during ball possession. Ball reception and disposal were coded for each trial, and performance was operationalised as the time taken to complete each trial. Results: Across all players, visual exploratory action was associated with passing performance. The variables that best explained faster performance were 1) a higher number of head turns before receiving the ball, 2) a lower number of head turns when in possession of the ball, and 3) being an U23 player. However, different combinations of variables explained performance for U13 and U23 players. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate the value of scanning before receiving the ball to prospectively control passing actions in the Footbonaut. Future research should investigate the shared and contrasting characteristics of scanning actions, as they are observed by players in skill assessment tasks such as the Footbonaut, during training and during match-play.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"4 1","pages":"278 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2020.1769174","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47414086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-13DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2020.1758759
M. Lastella, Luiz Escobar, G. Lovell, A. Scanlan, E. Ellison, L. McGowan, J. Guy
ABSTRACT Objectives Despite the increasing popularity of beach soccer, few studies have examined goal scoring strategies during match-play. The aims of this study were to examine the different types of goals scored during an international tournament and determine what type of goals were associated with team performance. Methods Twelve national teams were analysed across 52 matches in all phases of the 2018 European Beach Soccer League tournament. Observational data collection was conducted through video analysis of all 422 goals scored throughout the tournament. Results Chi-square analyses revealed a significant difference in the type of goals scored x 2 (72) = 102, p =0.01. Further, the amount of goals scored from a set-play were significantly higher than all other goal-scoring strategies (p = 0.001). The amount of goals scored from goalkeeper-line defence were significantly lower than all other goal-scoring strategies (p = 0.001). The percentage of goalkeeper-line goals was significantly related to total tournament points [F(2, 10) = 7.242, p = 0.023, R 2 = 0.42]. Conclusions These data indicate that teams employing the goalkeeper-line strategy, where the goalkeeper plays outfield to serve as a numerical advantage, was associated with increases in scoring opportunities and team performance.
{"title":"An exploration of goal scoring strategies in an elite beach soccer tournament","authors":"M. Lastella, Luiz Escobar, G. Lovell, A. Scanlan, E. Ellison, L. McGowan, J. Guy","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2020.1758759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2020.1758759","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objectives Despite the increasing popularity of beach soccer, few studies have examined goal scoring strategies during match-play. The aims of this study were to examine the different types of goals scored during an international tournament and determine what type of goals were associated with team performance. Methods Twelve national teams were analysed across 52 matches in all phases of the 2018 European Beach Soccer League tournament. Observational data collection was conducted through video analysis of all 422 goals scored throughout the tournament. Results Chi-square analyses revealed a significant difference in the type of goals scored x 2 (72) = 102, p =0.01. Further, the amount of goals scored from a set-play were significantly higher than all other goal-scoring strategies (p = 0.001). The amount of goals scored from goalkeeper-line defence were significantly lower than all other goal-scoring strategies (p = 0.001). The percentage of goalkeeper-line goals was significantly related to total tournament points [F(2, 10) = 7.242, p = 0.023, R 2 = 0.42]. Conclusions These data indicate that teams employing the goalkeeper-line strategy, where the goalkeeper plays outfield to serve as a numerical advantage, was associated with increases in scoring opportunities and team performance.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"4 1","pages":"192 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2020.1758759","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47714618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2020.1758338
Nathan Bonney, J. Berry, K. Ball, P. Larkin
ABSTRACT Introduction: This study investigated if the technical and physical match performance outcomes can be replicated in a 5v6 small-sided game (SSG). Methods: Sixteen youth Australian Football (AF) players (mean ± SD; age 16.5 ± 1.0 years, height 179.1 ± 8.0 cm, weight 69.5 ± 9.5 kg) were randomly recruited. Participants were assessed in the SSG during the week prior to the assessed match play. The technical variables assessed were kicking proficiency, number of kicks executed and the amount of time each player had with the ball before kick execution (i.e., under 2s, 2-4s, over 4s). The physical variables assessed were odometer, meters travelled per minute, maximum velocity and percentage of high intensity running. Results: The results suggest kicking proficiency, the number of kicks executed, meters travelled per minute and percentage of high intensity running were all higher in the SSG than during match play. Furthermore, the SSG had less technical variability in comparison to match play. During match play, players had less time affordance to execute a kick and achieved higher maximum running velocities than during the SSG. Conclusion: This research provides coaches with greater insights into the technical and physical performance demands of match play.
{"title":"Can match play kicking and physical performance outcomes be replicated in an Australian football small-sided game?","authors":"Nathan Bonney, J. Berry, K. Ball, P. Larkin","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2020.1758338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2020.1758338","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction: This study investigated if the technical and physical match performance outcomes can be replicated in a 5v6 small-sided game (SSG). Methods: Sixteen youth Australian Football (AF) players (mean ± SD; age 16.5 ± 1.0 years, height 179.1 ± 8.0 cm, weight 69.5 ± 9.5 kg) were randomly recruited. Participants were assessed in the SSG during the week prior to the assessed match play. The technical variables assessed were kicking proficiency, number of kicks executed and the amount of time each player had with the ball before kick execution (i.e., under 2s, 2-4s, over 4s). The physical variables assessed were odometer, meters travelled per minute, maximum velocity and percentage of high intensity running. Results: The results suggest kicking proficiency, the number of kicks executed, meters travelled per minute and percentage of high intensity running were all higher in the SSG than during match play. Furthermore, the SSG had less technical variability in comparison to match play. During match play, players had less time affordance to execute a kick and achieved higher maximum running velocities than during the SSG. Conclusion: This research provides coaches with greater insights into the technical and physical performance demands of match play.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"4 1","pages":"314 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2020.1758338","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45184179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-24DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2020.1761558
V. Sabou, Christopher J. Rush, Liam Mason, G. Dupont, J. Louis
ABSTRACT Objective: To examine the effects of training intensity and environmental condition on the hydration status of Elite football players. Methods: Eleven elite football players completed three training sessions of varying intensity in cool (12°C) and warm (23°C) environments. Training demands was measured by Global Positioning System, sweat rate and sweat sodium concentration were measured using dermal patches and body mass change. Results: Warm condition increased sweat rate (0.9 ± 0.3 vs 1.7 ± 0.3 L.h-1, P<0.001), fluid intake (0.7 ± 0.1 vs 1.5 ± 0.2 L, P<0.001), total sodium loss (1405 ± 340 vs 2946 ± 958 mg, P<0.001) and total sweat loss (1.4 ± 0.5 vs 2.5 ± 0.4 L, P<0.001) compared to cool. Training intensity increased sweat sodium concentration (16.1 ± 6.6 vs 54.6 ± 22.2 mmol.L-1, P<0.001) and sodium loss (779 ± 231 vs 1405 ± 340 mg) in both environmental conditions. Total sweat loss and sodium loss were positively correlated with total distance covered (r=0.48, P=0.005 and r=0.4, P=0.023, respectively), meanwhile sodium loss was also positively correlated with the total number of high-intensity efforts (r=0.35, P=0.045). Conclusions: The results show that training load and environmental condition have a major impact on the hydration status of elite football players, hence hydration strategies should be developed accordingly.
摘要目的:探讨训练强度和环境条件对优秀足球运动员水合状态的影响。方法:11名优秀足球运动员在凉爽(12°C)和温暖(23°C)的环境中完成了三次不同强度的训练。用全球定位系统测量训练需求，用皮肤贴片和体重变化测量出汗率和汗液钠浓度。结果:与低温相比，温暖条件下出汗率(0.9±0.3 vs 1.7±0.3 L - h-1, P<0.001)、液体摄入量(0.7±0.1 vs 1.5±0.2 L, P<0.001)、总钠流失(1405±340 vs 2946±958 mg, P<0.001)和总汗流失(1.4±0.5 vs 2.5±0.4 L, P<0.001)增加。训练强度增加汗液钠浓度(16.1±6.6 vs 54.6±22.2 mmol)。L-1, P<0.001)和钠损失(779±231 vs 1405±340 mg)。总排汗量和钠量损失与总跑距离呈正相关(r=0.48, P=0.005和r=0.4, P=0.023)，同时钠量损失与总高强度努力次数呈正相关(r=0.35, P=0.045)。结论:结果表明，训练负荷和环境条件对优秀足球运动员的水化状态有重要影响，因此应制定相应的水化策略。
{"title":"Effects of training intensity and environmental condition on the hydration status of elite football players","authors":"V. Sabou, Christopher J. Rush, Liam Mason, G. Dupont, J. Louis","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2020.1761558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2020.1761558","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective: To examine the effects of training intensity and environmental condition on the hydration status of Elite football players. Methods: Eleven elite football players completed three training sessions of varying intensity in cool (12°C) and warm (23°C) environments. Training demands was measured by Global Positioning System, sweat rate and sweat sodium concentration were measured using dermal patches and body mass change. Results: Warm condition increased sweat rate (0.9 ± 0.3 vs 1.7 ± 0.3 L.h-1, P<0.001), fluid intake (0.7 ± 0.1 vs 1.5 ± 0.2 L, P<0.001), total sodium loss (1405 ± 340 vs 2946 ± 958 mg, P<0.001) and total sweat loss (1.4 ± 0.5 vs 2.5 ± 0.4 L, P<0.001) compared to cool. Training intensity increased sweat sodium concentration (16.1 ± 6.6 vs 54.6 ± 22.2 mmol.L-1, P<0.001) and sodium loss (779 ± 231 vs 1405 ± 340 mg) in both environmental conditions. Total sweat loss and sodium loss were positively correlated with total distance covered (r=0.48, P=0.005 and r=0.4, P=0.023, respectively), meanwhile sodium loss was also positively correlated with the total number of high-intensity efforts (r=0.35, P=0.045). Conclusions: The results show that training load and environmental condition have a major impact on the hydration status of elite football players, hence hydration strategies should be developed accordingly.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"4 1","pages":"329 - 337"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2020.1761558","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42808181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-20DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2020.1755051
André Roca, Paul R. Ford
ABSTRACT We examined the practice activities employed by 53 youth football coaches working in youth academy professional top-division clubs from England, Germany, Portugal, and Spain. This is the first study to explore the microstructure of coach-led practice in elite youth football across multiple countries. A total of 83 practice sessions from under-12 to under-16 age groups was collected in situ. Sessions were analysed for the proportion of time in ‘non-active decision-making’ (e.g., unopposed technical or tactical skills practices, fitness training) and ‘active decision-making’ activities (e.g., small-sided games, skills practice with opposition), with the latter deemed superior for the transfer of game intelligence skill to match play. More time was spent in active decision-making (M = 62%) compared to non-active decision-making activities (M = 20%) and transitioning between activities (M = 17%). Players from Portugal and Spain spent a higher amount of time in active decision-making activities compared to English and German players, whereas, English players spent more time in unopposed technical-based drills and German players in improving fitness aspects of the game without the ball. Findings extend previous research assessing coach-led youth football practice in single countries by demonstrating differences in training activities between countries in Europe.
{"title":"Decision-making practice during coaching sessions in elite youth football across European countries","authors":"André Roca, Paul R. Ford","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2020.1755051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2020.1755051","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We examined the practice activities employed by 53 youth football coaches working in youth academy professional top-division clubs from England, Germany, Portugal, and Spain. This is the first study to explore the microstructure of coach-led practice in elite youth football across multiple countries. A total of 83 practice sessions from under-12 to under-16 age groups was collected in situ. Sessions were analysed for the proportion of time in ‘non-active decision-making’ (e.g., unopposed technical or tactical skills practices, fitness training) and ‘active decision-making’ activities (e.g., small-sided games, skills practice with opposition), with the latter deemed superior for the transfer of game intelligence skill to match play. More time was spent in active decision-making (M = 62%) compared to non-active decision-making activities (M = 20%) and transitioning between activities (M = 17%). Players from Portugal and Spain spent a higher amount of time in active decision-making activities compared to English and German players, whereas, English players spent more time in unopposed technical-based drills and German players in improving fitness aspects of the game without the ball. Findings extend previous research assessing coach-led youth football practice in single countries by demonstrating differences in training activities between countries in Europe.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"4 1","pages":"263 - 268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2020.1755051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43841974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-17DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2020.1752930
V. Rago, Rodrigo Abreu, F. Vasconcellos, V. Teixeira, A. Rebelo, P. Figueiredo, J. Brito
ABSTRACT This study examined the physical and technical demands of the 2010, 2014 and 2018 men’s FIFA World Cups with special reference on extra time. Data were collected from 69 FIFA’s open-access match reports (n= 3,238 individual players’ observations) and scaled by individual playing exposure. Players covered less total distance (TD) from the 1st half to the extra time period (r=0.17–0.27; P<0.05). Moreover, the number of sprints decreased from the 1st half to the extra time (r=0.13–0.25; P<0.01). However, substitutes who started on or came in on the match throughout the 2nd half covered higher TD in the extra time compared to the 2nd half (r=0.11–0.43; P<0.01), and compared to starters during the 2nd half and extra time (r=0.11–0.36; P<0.05). Additionally, substitutes who started on, or came in throughout the extra time covered higher TD and performed more sprints compared to starters during the extra time r=0.12–0.23; P<0.05). Generally, no meaningful differences were observed in successful shots and dribbles between periods of the match and between starting status (P>0.05). The occurrence of extra time appeared to be detrimental to the work rate during the match, which can be counteracted by substitute players.
{"title":"Physical and technical demands of the extra time: a multiple FIFA World Cups’ analysis","authors":"V. Rago, Rodrigo Abreu, F. Vasconcellos, V. Teixeira, A. Rebelo, P. Figueiredo, J. Brito","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2020.1752930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2020.1752930","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examined the physical and technical demands of the 2010, 2014 and 2018 men’s FIFA World Cups with special reference on extra time. Data were collected from 69 FIFA’s open-access match reports (n= 3,238 individual players’ observations) and scaled by individual playing exposure. Players covered less total distance (TD) from the 1st half to the extra time period (r=0.17–0.27; P<0.05). Moreover, the number of sprints decreased from the 1st half to the extra time (r=0.13–0.25; P<0.01). However, substitutes who started on or came in on the match throughout the 2nd half covered higher TD in the extra time compared to the 2nd half (r=0.11–0.43; P<0.01), and compared to starters during the 2nd half and extra time (r=0.11–0.36; P<0.05). Additionally, substitutes who started on, or came in throughout the extra time covered higher TD and performed more sprints compared to starters during the extra time r=0.12–0.23; P<0.05). Generally, no meaningful differences were observed in successful shots and dribbles between periods of the match and between starting status (P>0.05). The occurrence of extra time appeared to be detrimental to the work rate during the match, which can be counteracted by substitute players.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"4 1","pages":"171 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2020.1752930","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46309125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-13DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2020.1752929
S. Jenner, B. Devlin, A. Forsyth, R. Belski
ABSTRACT Nutrition education in professional sport may improve athletes’ nutrition knowledge (NK), self-efficacy and food choices. Understanding athletes’ NK can inform development of tailored nutrition education programs. To enhance health and performance, athletes’ dietary intakes must meet their energy and nutritional needs and NK has been identified as a modifiable determinant of dietary intake. This study aimed to assess the NK of Australian football league women’s (AFLW) athletes to provide recommendations for possible dietetic intervention. AFLW athletes (n = 26) were recruited from one Victorian football club. NK was assessed using the validated online Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire. AFLW athletes scored ‘average’ overall NK (score: 45.1 ± 12.5, mean accuracy: 50.6 ± 14%). Athletes demonstrated better knowledge in alcohol (5.6 ± 1.9, mean accuracy: 70 ± 23%), macronutrients (18.2 ± 5.0, mean accuracy: 60 ± 17%) and weight management subsections (7.3 ± 2.2, mean accuracy: 57 ± 17%). Athletes performed poorly in the supplements subsection (3.2 ± 2.0, mean accuracy: 23 ± 14%). This study assessed the NK of AFLW athletes and found athletes had average NK, with room for improvement particularly regarding supplement knowledge. Future research should assess the efficacy of online and group education to improve athletes’ NK and dietary intake.
{"title":"Assessing the nutrition knowledge of professional female Australian football (AFLW) athletes","authors":"S. Jenner, B. Devlin, A. Forsyth, R. Belski","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2020.1752929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2020.1752929","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nutrition education in professional sport may improve athletes’ nutrition knowledge (NK), self-efficacy and food choices. Understanding athletes’ NK can inform development of tailored nutrition education programs. To enhance health and performance, athletes’ dietary intakes must meet their energy and nutritional needs and NK has been identified as a modifiable determinant of dietary intake. This study aimed to assess the NK of Australian football league women’s (AFLW) athletes to provide recommendations for possible dietetic intervention. AFLW athletes (n = 26) were recruited from one Victorian football club. NK was assessed using the validated online Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire. AFLW athletes scored ‘average’ overall NK (score: 45.1 ± 12.5, mean accuracy: 50.6 ± 14%). Athletes demonstrated better knowledge in alcohol (5.6 ± 1.9, mean accuracy: 70 ± 23%), macronutrients (18.2 ± 5.0, mean accuracy: 60 ± 17%) and weight management subsections (7.3 ± 2.2, mean accuracy: 57 ± 17%). Athletes performed poorly in the supplements subsection (3.2 ± 2.0, mean accuracy: 23 ± 14%). This study assessed the NK of AFLW athletes and found athletes had average NK, with room for improvement particularly regarding supplement knowledge. Future research should assess the efficacy of online and group education to improve athletes’ NK and dietary intake.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"4 1","pages":"240 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2020.1752929","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42005873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-09DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2020.1754449
A. Kittel, P. Larkin, Nathan Elsworthy, R. Lindsay, M. Spittle
ABSTRACT Video-based training is a commonly used method to develop decision-making in athletes and officials. This method typically uses match broadcast footage, yet technological advancements have made 360° Virtual Reality (360°VR) a possible effective tool to investigate. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of both 360°VR and match broadcast footage on improving decision-making. Amateur Australian football umpires (N= 32) participated in a randomised control trial. Participants completed a 5-week training intervention in either a 360°VR, match broadcast or control group. Decision-making was assessed at pre-training, 1-week post-training and 4-week retention points using reliable and valid 360°VR and match broadcast decision-making tests. Participants completed a short questionnaire detailing their perceptions of psychological fidelity, enjoyment, relevance, concentration and effort for each video mode. The 360°VR performed significantly better (p < 0.05) than the control group in the 360°VR retention test. No groups statistically improved over the intervention. Remaining pairwise comparisons for this test and the match broadcast test were not significantly different. 360°VR was rated significantly higher (p < 0.05) than match broadcast footage for psychological fidelity, enjoyment and relevance. 360°VR appears to be a beneficial training tool compared to a control, with stronger engagement from the participants than previously used match broadcast footage.
{"title":"Effectiveness of 360° virtual reality and match broadcast video to improve decision-making skill","authors":"A. Kittel, P. Larkin, Nathan Elsworthy, R. Lindsay, M. Spittle","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2020.1754449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2020.1754449","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Video-based training is a commonly used method to develop decision-making in athletes and officials. This method typically uses match broadcast footage, yet technological advancements have made 360° Virtual Reality (360°VR) a possible effective tool to investigate. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of both 360°VR and match broadcast footage on improving decision-making. Amateur Australian football umpires (N= 32) participated in a randomised control trial. Participants completed a 5-week training intervention in either a 360°VR, match broadcast or control group. Decision-making was assessed at pre-training, 1-week post-training and 4-week retention points using reliable and valid 360°VR and match broadcast decision-making tests. Participants completed a short questionnaire detailing their perceptions of psychological fidelity, enjoyment, relevance, concentration and effort for each video mode. The 360°VR performed significantly better (p < 0.05) than the control group in the 360°VR retention test. No groups statistically improved over the intervention. Remaining pairwise comparisons for this test and the match broadcast test were not significantly different. 360°VR was rated significantly higher (p < 0.05) than match broadcast footage for psychological fidelity, enjoyment and relevance. 360°VR appears to be a beneficial training tool compared to a control, with stronger engagement from the participants than previously used match broadcast footage.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"4 1","pages":"255 - 262"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2020.1754449","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42282951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-04DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2020.1751871
Felipe Xavier de Lima-E-Silva, Gabriel dos Santos Oliveira, T. M. Medeiros, M. P. Dornelles, J. B. Ribeiro-Alvares, B. Baroni
ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify the hamstring flexibility, strength, and fascicle length of football (soccer) players with and without history of hamstring strain injury (HSI) in the prior season. Eighty male football players (45 from senior category and 35 from under-20 category) were included in this case–control trial: 20 with history of unilateral HSI in the prior season, and 60 free of HSI in the prior season. Passive straight-leg raise (PSLR) test, isokinetic dynamometry, and biceps femoris long head (BFLH) ultrasonography were performed at preseason to identify risk factors for HSI. No significant differences were found between injured and uninjured limbs of the previously injured players for any outcome (p > 0.05; trivial effect sizes). Uninjured players had higher values than both injured and uninjured limbs of previously injured players for hamstring-to-quadriceps (H/Q) conventional and functional ratios (p < 0.05; medium effect sizes), as well as BFLH fascicle length (p < 0.05; small to medium effect sizes). Football players that had sustained unilateral HSI in the prior season demonstrated lower H/Q strength ratios and shorter BFLH fascicles in both limbs compared to uninjured players.
{"title":"Flexibility, strength, and fascicle length of football players with and without history of hamstring strain injury in the prior season","authors":"Felipe Xavier de Lima-E-Silva, Gabriel dos Santos Oliveira, T. M. Medeiros, M. P. Dornelles, J. B. Ribeiro-Alvares, B. Baroni","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2020.1751871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2020.1751871","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify the hamstring flexibility, strength, and fascicle length of football (soccer) players with and without history of hamstring strain injury (HSI) in the prior season. Eighty male football players (45 from senior category and 35 from under-20 category) were included in this case–control trial: 20 with history of unilateral HSI in the prior season, and 60 free of HSI in the prior season. Passive straight-leg raise (PSLR) test, isokinetic dynamometry, and biceps femoris long head (BFLH) ultrasonography were performed at preseason to identify risk factors for HSI. No significant differences were found between injured and uninjured limbs of the previously injured players for any outcome (p > 0.05; trivial effect sizes). Uninjured players had higher values than both injured and uninjured limbs of previously injured players for hamstring-to-quadriceps (H/Q) conventional and functional ratios (p < 0.05; medium effect sizes), as well as BFLH fascicle length (p < 0.05; small to medium effect sizes). Football players that had sustained unilateral HSI in the prior season demonstrated lower H/Q strength ratios and shorter BFLH fascicles in both limbs compared to uninjured players.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"4 1","pages":"322 - 328"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2020.1751871","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41925402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1677936
Y. Meckel, A. Eliakim, D. Nemet, Nir Levin, S. Ben-Zaken
ABSTRACT Objectives: Soccer is a complex sport in which players are required to perform variety of aerobic and anaerobic activities. The purpose of the study was to explore aerobic (PPARD CC) and anaerobic (ACTN3 RR) performance-related genotype frequencies among young soccer players and compare to those of sprinters/jumpers (S/J), long distance runners (LDR) and controls. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from buccal epithelial cells of 170 national level athletes (60 soccer players, 51 S/J, 59 LDR) and 51 non-athletic controls . Genotypes were determined using Taqman allelic discrimination assay. Results: Soccer players had non-significant lower frequency (15%) of the PPARD 294CC genotype compared to LDR (19%), but higher compared to S/J (10%). ACTN3 R577X genotype and allele frequencies of soccer players (28%) were not significantly different from those of S/J (39%)and LDR athletes (20%). Conclusions: Soccer players do not have a noticeable or clear genotype tendency compared to S/J and LDR. This may suggest that soccer players rely more on diverse physiological qualities as well as other factors that are required in the game, rather than on a single physiological attribute. It should be also noticed that the different physiological demands for diverse positional roles in soccer may contribute to the results’ heterogeneity.
{"title":"PPARD CC and ACTN3 RR genotype prevalence among elite soccer players","authors":"Y. Meckel, A. Eliakim, D. Nemet, Nir Levin, S. Ben-Zaken","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1677936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1677936","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objectives: Soccer is a complex sport in which players are required to perform variety of aerobic and anaerobic activities. The purpose of the study was to explore aerobic (PPARD CC) and anaerobic (ACTN3 RR) performance-related genotype frequencies among young soccer players and compare to those of sprinters/jumpers (S/J), long distance runners (LDR) and controls. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from buccal epithelial cells of 170 national level athletes (60 soccer players, 51 S/J, 59 LDR) and 51 non-athletic controls . Genotypes were determined using Taqman allelic discrimination assay. Results: Soccer players had non-significant lower frequency (15%) of the PPARD 294CC genotype compared to LDR (19%), but higher compared to S/J (10%). ACTN3 R577X genotype and allele frequencies of soccer players (28%) were not significantly different from those of S/J (39%)and LDR athletes (20%). Conclusions: Soccer players do not have a noticeable or clear genotype tendency compared to S/J and LDR. This may suggest that soccer players rely more on diverse physiological qualities as well as other factors that are required in the game, rather than on a single physiological attribute. It should be also noticed that the different physiological demands for diverse positional roles in soccer may contribute to the results’ heterogeneity.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"4 1","pages":"156 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1677936","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44331237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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