Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1662081
C. Ramírez, K. Till, Grant Beasley, Pierosario Giuliano, C. Leduc, N. Dalton-Barron, J. Weakley, B. Jones
ABSTRACT Objective: To examine the effects of international competition on sleep patterns of elite youth team-sport athletes from two national squads compared to a baseline period. Methods: Fifty elite male youth rugby players from two squads were assessed two weeks before (HOME) and throughout two match-day cycles (matchday−1, matchday, matchday+1) of an international competition (COMP). Players were selected to represent their nation during the Six Nations Festival and completed daily self-reported sleep diaries before and during a competitive period. Linear mixed models were used to examine differences between HOME and COMP, and within camp days. Effect sizes±90% confidence intervals (ES±90%CI) were calculated to quantify the magnitude of pairwise differences. Results: Participants spent more time in bed (34.6±13.9 min; ES=0.26±0.19), slept for longer (35.4±12.7 min; ES=0.30±0.19), and woke up later (36.5±9.5 min; ES=0.41±0.20) in COMP compared to HOME, but maintained their regular bedtime (−1.8±11.2 min; ES=0.02±0.19), sleep onset latency (4.1±3.2 min; ES=0.17±0.25) and rating of sleep quality (0.30±0.17; ES=0.17±0.19). Conclusions: Elite youth team-sport athletes sleep for longer during a competition camp compared to home resulting from a delay in wake-up times. This highlights the opportunity for implementing interventions to improve sleep patterns in international-level team sport athletes in their daily environment.
{"title":"Sleep patterns of elite youth team-sport athletes prior to and during international competition","authors":"C. Ramírez, K. Till, Grant Beasley, Pierosario Giuliano, C. Leduc, N. Dalton-Barron, J. Weakley, B. Jones","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1662081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1662081","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective: To examine the effects of international competition on sleep patterns of elite youth team-sport athletes from two national squads compared to a baseline period. Methods: Fifty elite male youth rugby players from two squads were assessed two weeks before (HOME) and throughout two match-day cycles (matchday−1, matchday, matchday+1) of an international competition (COMP). Players were selected to represent their nation during the Six Nations Festival and completed daily self-reported sleep diaries before and during a competitive period. Linear mixed models were used to examine differences between HOME and COMP, and within camp days. Effect sizes±90% confidence intervals (ES±90%CI) were calculated to quantify the magnitude of pairwise differences. Results: Participants spent more time in bed (34.6±13.9 min; ES=0.26±0.19), slept for longer (35.4±12.7 min; ES=0.30±0.19), and woke up later (36.5±9.5 min; ES=0.41±0.20) in COMP compared to HOME, but maintained their regular bedtime (−1.8±11.2 min; ES=0.02±0.19), sleep onset latency (4.1±3.2 min; ES=0.17±0.25) and rating of sleep quality (0.30±0.17; ES=0.17±0.19). Conclusions: Elite youth team-sport athletes sleep for longer during a competition camp compared to home resulting from a delay in wake-up times. This highlights the opportunity for implementing interventions to improve sleep patterns in international-level team sport athletes in their daily environment.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1662081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60129580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1634832
Misia Gervis, H. Pickford, T. Hau, M. Fruth
ABSTRACT Objectives: Athletes regularly suffer psychologically as a consequence of long-term injury. However, to date, there has been no investigation into the psychological protocols implemented to support long-term injured professional footballers. Methods: An online questionnaire was developed to identify the current rehabilitation practices in English football. Seventy-five heads of medical departments responded to the survey from first teams and academies across the English Leagues. Results: Medical staff recognised that there were clinical mental health problems, namely anxiety and depression affecting long-term injured players. It was acknowledged that there was a need for psychological support for long-term injured players. However, findings revealed most clubs had limited access to psychological practitioners and physiotherapy staff were almost entirely responsible for providing psychological support throughout rehabilitation. Conclusion: Clubs responded overwhelmingly that they wanted to be able to access psychological support for long-term injured players.
{"title":"A review of the psychological support mechanisms available for long-term injured footballers in the UK throughout their rehabilitation","authors":"Misia Gervis, H. Pickford, T. Hau, M. Fruth","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1634832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1634832","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objectives: Athletes regularly suffer psychologically as a consequence of long-term injury. However, to date, there has been no investigation into the psychological protocols implemented to support long-term injured professional footballers. Methods: An online questionnaire was developed to identify the current rehabilitation practices in English football. Seventy-five heads of medical departments responded to the survey from first teams and academies across the English Leagues. Results: Medical staff recognised that there were clinical mental health problems, namely anxiety and depression affecting long-term injured players. It was acknowledged that there was a need for psychological support for long-term injured players. However, findings revealed most clubs had limited access to psychological practitioners and physiotherapy staff were almost entirely responsible for providing psychological support throughout rehabilitation. Conclusion: Clubs responded overwhelmingly that they wanted to be able to access psychological support for long-term injured players.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1634832","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44622225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1650197
J. O’Brien-Smith, K. Bennett, J. Fransen, M. Smith
ABSTRACT Objectives: Little is known about the key performance characteristics of female players throughout adolescence, and how they compares to male players. The aim of this study was to compare performance assessments for male and female youth soccer players aged 9-18 years. Methods: Anthropometry, physical fitness, motor competence, dribbling performance and decision-making were assessed in 77 female and 182 male athletes from three developmental stages (sampling stage: 9-11y; specialisation stage: 12-14y; and investment stage: 15-18y). Results: MANOVA revealed significant interaction effects for age and sex on anthropometry, motor competence & physical fitness (p<0.001, η2p=0.131-0.216), while only main effects of sex and age were revealed for decision-making and dribbling (p<0.001, η2p=0.053-0.250). Females had better mean scores for most variables in the sampling stage, whereas males in the investment stage outperformed the females. Greater performance scores for decision-making and dribbling were evident for males at all ages. These results reveal that male and female soccer players’ generic performance-related characteristics differ very little at a young age, whereas performance in soccer-specific assessments do. Conclusions: Hence, this study argues that in order to maximise the size of talent pools in soccer and increase skill development, young male and female players could train and play together until the end of the sampling stage (~12y).
{"title":"Same or different? A comparison of anthropometry, physical fitness and perceptual motor characteristics in male and female youth soccer players","authors":"J. O’Brien-Smith, K. Bennett, J. Fransen, M. Smith","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1650197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1650197","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objectives: Little is known about the key performance characteristics of female players throughout adolescence, and how they compares to male players. The aim of this study was to compare performance assessments for male and female youth soccer players aged 9-18 years. Methods: Anthropometry, physical fitness, motor competence, dribbling performance and decision-making were assessed in 77 female and 182 male athletes from three developmental stages (sampling stage: 9-11y; specialisation stage: 12-14y; and investment stage: 15-18y). Results: MANOVA revealed significant interaction effects for age and sex on anthropometry, motor competence & physical fitness (p<0.001, η2p=0.131-0.216), while only main effects of sex and age were revealed for decision-making and dribbling (p<0.001, η2p=0.053-0.250). Females had better mean scores for most variables in the sampling stage, whereas males in the investment stage outperformed the females. Greater performance scores for decision-making and dribbling were evident for males at all ages. These results reveal that male and female soccer players’ generic performance-related characteristics differ very little at a young age, whereas performance in soccer-specific assessments do. Conclusions: Hence, this study argues that in order to maximise the size of talent pools in soccer and increase skill development, young male and female players could train and play together until the end of the sampling stage (~12y).","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1650197","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43880872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1633470
S. Hendricks, Steve den Hollander, M. Lambert
ABSTRACT Purpose: To determine how players’ attitudes towards injury prevention and performance in the tackle can be influenced by coaching and learning resources.Methods: A questionnaire assessed (i) the attitudes of rugby players (N=164) towards injury prevention and performance, and (ii) reported tackle coaching behaviours and learning resources.Results: Time spent emphasising proper technique to prevent injuries was associated with how important players rated injury prevention χ2=(df 16, N=159) 29.13, p=0.023, Cramer’s V=0.21, moderate). Identifying a problem and providing verbal instruction and demonstration were associated with performance, while verbal instruction was associated with how important players rated injury prevention during tackle training (individual χ2=(df 16, N=156) 30.41, p=0.016, Cramer’s V=0.22, moderate; team χ2=(df 16, N=156) 34.05, p=0.005, Cramer’s V=0.23, moderate).Conclusion: The time coaches spent emphasising proper technique for injury prevention and performance was positively associated with how important players rated the tackle training objective. Verbal instruction was the only coaching method associated with how important players rated injury prevention. Training books, training videos and coaching clinics have the most influence on players’ attitude towards injury prevention and performance in the tackle. Coaches and rugby injury prevention programmes can apply these findings to optimise safe and effective tackle training.
{"title":"Coaching behaviours and learning resources; influence on rugby players’ attitudes towards injury prevention and performance in the tackle","authors":"S. Hendricks, Steve den Hollander, M. Lambert","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1633470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1633470","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose: To determine how players’ attitudes towards injury prevention and performance in the tackle can be influenced by coaching and learning resources.Methods: A questionnaire assessed (i) the attitudes of rugby players (N=164) towards injury prevention and performance, and (ii) reported tackle coaching behaviours and learning resources.Results: Time spent emphasising proper technique to prevent injuries was associated with how important players rated injury prevention χ2=(df 16, N=159) 29.13, p=0.023, Cramer’s V=0.21, moderate). Identifying a problem and providing verbal instruction and demonstration were associated with performance, while verbal instruction was associated with how important players rated injury prevention during tackle training (individual χ2=(df 16, N=156) 30.41, p=0.016, Cramer’s V=0.22, moderate; team χ2=(df 16, N=156) 34.05, p=0.005, Cramer’s V=0.23, moderate).Conclusion: The time coaches spent emphasising proper technique for injury prevention and performance was positively associated with how important players rated the tackle training objective. Verbal instruction was the only coaching method associated with how important players rated injury prevention. Training books, training videos and coaching clinics have the most influence on players’ attitude towards injury prevention and performance in the tackle. Coaches and rugby injury prevention programmes can apply these findings to optimise safe and effective tackle training.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1633470","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48107639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1651934
David M. Kelly, A. Strudwick, G. Atkinson, B. Drust, W. Gregson
ABSTRACT Objective: To examine training and match loads undertaken by soccer players competing in the English Premier League. Methods: Using a retrospective design, external (GPS) and internal training loads (sessions ratings of perceived exertion [sRPE-TL]) were examined in 26 players across the competition phase of the 2012–2013 English Premier League season. Within-subject linear mixed-models estimated the mean effects (95% confidence interval [CI]) for load data across 6-week mesocycles and 1-week microcycles. Results: Daily sRPE-TL (95% CI range, 15 to 111 AU) and total distance (95% CI range, 179 to 949 AU) were higher during the early stages (mesocycle 1 and 2) of the competition period. Overall, high-speed activity was similar between mesocycles. Across the training week, load was greater on match day and lower pre match-day (G-1) vs. all other days, respectively (p < 0.001). sRPE-TL (~70–90 AU per day) and total distance (~700–800 m per day) progressively declined over the 3 days before a match (p < 0.001). High-speed distance was greater 3 days (G-3) before a game vs. G-1 (95% CI, 140 to 336 m) while very high-speed distance was greater on G-3 and G-2 than G-1 (95% CI range, 8 to 62 m; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Periodisation of in-season training load is mainly evident across the weekly microcycle reflecting the recovery and preparation for matches.
{"title":"Quantification of training and match-load distribution across a season in elite English Premier League soccer players","authors":"David M. Kelly, A. Strudwick, G. Atkinson, B. Drust, W. Gregson","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1651934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1651934","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective: To examine training and match loads undertaken by soccer players competing in the English Premier League. Methods: Using a retrospective design, external (GPS) and internal training loads (sessions ratings of perceived exertion [sRPE-TL]) were examined in 26 players across the competition phase of the 2012–2013 English Premier League season. Within-subject linear mixed-models estimated the mean effects (95% confidence interval [CI]) for load data across 6-week mesocycles and 1-week microcycles. Results: Daily sRPE-TL (95% CI range, 15 to 111 AU) and total distance (95% CI range, 179 to 949 AU) were higher during the early stages (mesocycle 1 and 2) of the competition period. Overall, high-speed activity was similar between mesocycles. Across the training week, load was greater on match day and lower pre match-day (G-1) vs. all other days, respectively (p < 0.001). sRPE-TL (~70–90 AU per day) and total distance (~700–800 m per day) progressively declined over the 3 days before a match (p < 0.001). High-speed distance was greater 3 days (G-3) before a game vs. G-1 (95% CI, 140 to 336 m) while very high-speed distance was greater on G-3 and G-2 than G-1 (95% CI range, 8 to 62 m; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Periodisation of in-season training load is mainly evident across the weekly microcycle reflecting the recovery and preparation for matches.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1651934","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44015933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1595113
Eileen Gleeson, S. Kelly
ABSTRACT Purpose: Decision-making research in soccer is dominated by a methodological dichotomy between experimental research approaches and ecological research approaches. The aim of this paper is to expand the methodological discussion on decision-making in soccer by demonstrating the utility of a phenomenological analysis of decision-making. This paper responds to calls for future research on decision-making to address the lack of studies which include the athlete’s perspective and adds to the growing body of sporting literature which examines the athlete’s subjective or lived experience of their sporting domain as a means to explore a specific aspect of sporting performance.Methods: To analyse the live decision-making moment in elite soccer we utilised self-confrontational interviews, which involved the combination of audio-visual data and a phenomenological elicitation interview as a means to elucidate the expert player’s pre-reflexive experiences during the decision-making moment. An expert sample included senior international female soccer players (n = 10).Results / Conclusion: Findings highlight the capacity of a phenomenological methodology to capture the complex interaction between the simultaneous processes underpinning the decision-making moment, to enhance current research methodologies of decision-making and to contribute to future research perspectives on decision-making.
{"title":"Phenomenal decision-making in elite soccer: making the unseen seen","authors":"Eileen Gleeson, S. Kelly","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1595113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1595113","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose: Decision-making research in soccer is dominated by a methodological dichotomy between experimental research approaches and ecological research approaches. The aim of this paper is to expand the methodological discussion on decision-making in soccer by demonstrating the utility of a phenomenological analysis of decision-making. This paper responds to calls for future research on decision-making to address the lack of studies which include the athlete’s perspective and adds to the growing body of sporting literature which examines the athlete’s subjective or lived experience of their sporting domain as a means to explore a specific aspect of sporting performance.Methods: To analyse the live decision-making moment in elite soccer we utilised self-confrontational interviews, which involved the combination of audio-visual data and a phenomenological elicitation interview as a means to elucidate the expert player’s pre-reflexive experiences during the decision-making moment. An expert sample included senior international female soccer players (n = 10).Results / Conclusion: Findings highlight the capacity of a phenomenological methodology to capture the complex interaction between the simultaneous processes underpinning the decision-making moment, to enhance current research methodologies of decision-making and to contribute to future research perspectives on decision-making.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1595113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43545353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1662937
Shariman Ismadi Ismail, H. Nunome
ABSTRACT This study investigated the efficacy of ball-possession in futsal with other key performance indicators from the 2016 FIFA Futsal World Cup. Typical key variables and hybrid variables (defensive ball-possession, offensive ball-possession and total ball-possession index) were analysed from 40 matches to distinguish between winning and losing of a single match, and to differentiate between the top (semi-finalist) and bottom (finished last in group stage) teams in the tournament. Binary logistic regression model was used to distinguish among the key performance indicators and to predict the probability of winning and success. The results revealed that teams that won matches and the top teams were found to have a significantly higher total number of attempt of shot (p < 0.01) and total ball-possession index (p < 0.01) than their counter-pairs. Although ball-possession (percentage-wise) did not demonstrate its efficacy solely on the match outcomes, hybrid ball-possession variables, particularly the total ball-possession index, succeeded in significantly discriminating (p < 0.01) between win and loss in a single futsal match as well as between successful and unsuccessful teams. The applicability of hybrid ball-possession variables to predict matches and tournament outcomes likely reinforces the importance of ball-possession strategy in futsal. Binary logistic regression model also demonstrated its reliability in outcome prediction.
{"title":"The key performance indicators that discriminate winning and losing, and successful and unsuccessful teams during 2016 FIFA Futsal World Cup","authors":"Shariman Ismadi Ismail, H. Nunome","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1662937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1662937","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study investigated the efficacy of ball-possession in futsal with other key performance indicators from the 2016 FIFA Futsal World Cup. Typical key variables and hybrid variables (defensive ball-possession, offensive ball-possession and total ball-possession index) were analysed from 40 matches to distinguish between winning and losing of a single match, and to differentiate between the top (semi-finalist) and bottom (finished last in group stage) teams in the tournament. Binary logistic regression model was used to distinguish among the key performance indicators and to predict the probability of winning and success. The results revealed that teams that won matches and the top teams were found to have a significantly higher total number of attempt of shot (p < 0.01) and total ball-possession index (p < 0.01) than their counter-pairs. Although ball-possession (percentage-wise) did not demonstrate its efficacy solely on the match outcomes, hybrid ball-possession variables, particularly the total ball-possession index, succeeded in significantly discriminating (p < 0.01) between win and loss in a single futsal match as well as between successful and unsuccessful teams. The applicability of hybrid ball-possession variables to predict matches and tournament outcomes likely reinforces the importance of ball-possession strategy in futsal. Binary logistic regression model also demonstrated its reliability in outcome prediction.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1662937","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47271645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1641212
Samuel Ryan, T. Kempton, F. Impellizzeri, A. Coutts
ABSTRACT Australian football (AF) is a high-intensity field-based sport with regular collisions and intense physical demands such as jumping, tackling and jostling, resulting in neuromuscular fatigue and soreness, combined with external stressors (i.e., sponsorship, education, family). These can influence an athlete’s fatigue and recovery status, requiring an individualised approach to monitoring to optimise training readiness. Optimal readiness would reflect a condition where an athlete has no impairment of physical performance, no mental fatigue or excessive psychological distress. A theoretical framework exists for athlete monitoring that includes the quantification of training load and understanding individual ability to tolerate the training demands imposed by coaches. However, while this approach is thought to ultimately determine the readiness of a player for training and competition, it has not been tested empirically. The purpose of this review is to describe the theoretical basis that underpins athlete monitoring systems, and to provide an overview of their contribution to decision-making processes in planning and delivery of training in professional AF players. This review can assist coaches and scientists to gain a better understanding of commonly used monitoring measures and how the information derived from these sources is applied in a professional AF environment.
{"title":"Training monitoring in professional Australian football: theoretical basis and recommendations for coaches and scientists","authors":"Samuel Ryan, T. Kempton, F. Impellizzeri, A. Coutts","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1641212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1641212","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Australian football (AF) is a high-intensity field-based sport with regular collisions and intense physical demands such as jumping, tackling and jostling, resulting in neuromuscular fatigue and soreness, combined with external stressors (i.e., sponsorship, education, family). These can influence an athlete’s fatigue and recovery status, requiring an individualised approach to monitoring to optimise training readiness. Optimal readiness would reflect a condition where an athlete has no impairment of physical performance, no mental fatigue or excessive psychological distress. A theoretical framework exists for athlete monitoring that includes the quantification of training load and understanding individual ability to tolerate the training demands imposed by coaches. However, while this approach is thought to ultimately determine the readiness of a player for training and competition, it has not been tested empirically. The purpose of this review is to describe the theoretical basis that underpins athlete monitoring systems, and to provide an overview of their contribution to decision-making processes in planning and delivery of training in professional AF players. This review can assist coaches and scientists to gain a better understanding of commonly used monitoring measures and how the information derived from these sources is applied in a professional AF environment.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1641212","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48208905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1628351
M. Faherty, M. Varnell, J. Csonka, K. Salesi, S. Gómez, T. Sell
ABSTRACT Purpose: Establishing sex-specific musculoskeletal characteristics promotes specific and effective injury prevention. The purpose was to identify sex differences in musculoskeletal characteristics in soccer athletes.Methods: 80 collegiate male and female soccer athletes participated. Flexibility included: weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion mobility (DFM), active ankle dorsiflexion (ADF), active knee extension (AKE), and passive hip flexion (PHF). Strength tests included: ankle dorsiflexion/inversion/eversion, knee flexion/extension, hip abduction/adduction/internal/external rotation. LE dynamic postural stability (DPS) was assessed with an accelerometer. DPS was expressed as the Dynamic Postural Stability Index composite (DPSIC) and component scores in the anterior/posterior (APSI), medial/lateral (MLSI), and vertical (VSI) directions. If normally distributed, differences were calculated using a Student’s T-test; if non-normal, a Mann–Whitney U test was utilized.Results: Flexibility tests yielded significant differences for AKE (Dominant:p = 0.008, Non-Dominant:p = 0.040) and PHF (Dominant:p < 0.000,Non-Dominant:p = 0.001). Strength tests yielded significant differences for non-dominant hip internal rotation (p = 0.002). Dynamic postural stability tests yielded significant differences for DPSIC (p = 0.0160) and APSI (p = 0.014).Conclusion: These results implicate that flexibility and DPS may be better linked to sex than strength, suggesting that they may sex-specific musculoskeletal characteristics for the purpose of effective injury prevention.
{"title":"Sex differences in lower extremity musculoskeletal and neuromuscular characteristics in intercollegiate soccer athletes","authors":"M. Faherty, M. Varnell, J. Csonka, K. Salesi, S. Gómez, T. Sell","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1628351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1628351","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose: Establishing sex-specific musculoskeletal characteristics promotes specific and effective injury prevention. The purpose was to identify sex differences in musculoskeletal characteristics in soccer athletes.Methods: 80 collegiate male and female soccer athletes participated. Flexibility included: weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion mobility (DFM), active ankle dorsiflexion (ADF), active knee extension (AKE), and passive hip flexion (PHF). Strength tests included: ankle dorsiflexion/inversion/eversion, knee flexion/extension, hip abduction/adduction/internal/external rotation. LE dynamic postural stability (DPS) was assessed with an accelerometer. DPS was expressed as the Dynamic Postural Stability Index composite (DPSIC) and component scores in the anterior/posterior (APSI), medial/lateral (MLSI), and vertical (VSI) directions. If normally distributed, differences were calculated using a Student’s T-test; if non-normal, a Mann–Whitney U test was utilized.Results: Flexibility tests yielded significant differences for AKE (Dominant:p = 0.008, Non-Dominant:p = 0.040) and PHF (Dominant:p < 0.000,Non-Dominant:p = 0.001). Strength tests yielded significant differences for non-dominant hip internal rotation (p = 0.002). Dynamic postural stability tests yielded significant differences for DPSIC (p = 0.0160) and APSI (p = 0.014).Conclusion: These results implicate that flexibility and DPS may be better linked to sex than strength, suggesting that they may sex-specific musculoskeletal characteristics for the purpose of effective injury prevention.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1628351","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49241061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-23DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1705996
M. Whalan, R. Lovell, J. Sampson
ABSTRACT Objective To determine the prevalence and impact of non-time loss injuries in semi-professional football. Methods 218 players completed the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre (OSTRC) Questionnaire on Health Problems weekly during the 2016 season (35 weeks), recording the prevalence and impact of time loss (TL) and non-time loss (non-TL) injuries. TL injury and exposure were also collected by a third party as per the Football Consensus statement. The relative risk (RR) of a TL injury within 7 days of a self-reported non-TL injury was determined, with associated predictive power calculated. Results The risk of TL injury was 3.6 to 6.9 × higher when preceded by ‘minor’ and ‘moderate’ non-TL complaints, respectively, and good predictive power (22.0–41.8%) was observed (AUC range = 0.73 to 0.83). Compliant responders (80% of completed OSTRC questionnaires) showed a mean self-reported weekly injury prevalence (TL and non-TL combined) of 33% (95% CI – 31.4% to 34.6%) with 28% (CI – 26.4% to 29.6%) attributed to non-TL injury. Conclusion Over a quarter of players on average, report a physical complaint each week that does not prevent them from participating in training or match play. A non-TL injury was shown to be useful in identifying individual players at an increased risk of a TL injury.
{"title":"Do Niggles Matter? - Increased injury risk following physical complaints in football (soccer)","authors":"M. Whalan, R. Lovell, J. Sampson","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1705996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1705996","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective To determine the prevalence and impact of non-time loss injuries in semi-professional football. Methods 218 players completed the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre (OSTRC) Questionnaire on Health Problems weekly during the 2016 season (35 weeks), recording the prevalence and impact of time loss (TL) and non-time loss (non-TL) injuries. TL injury and exposure were also collected by a third party as per the Football Consensus statement. The relative risk (RR) of a TL injury within 7 days of a self-reported non-TL injury was determined, with associated predictive power calculated. Results The risk of TL injury was 3.6 to 6.9 × higher when preceded by ‘minor’ and ‘moderate’ non-TL complaints, respectively, and good predictive power (22.0–41.8%) was observed (AUC range = 0.73 to 0.83). Compliant responders (80% of completed OSTRC questionnaires) showed a mean self-reported weekly injury prevalence (TL and non-TL combined) of 33% (95% CI – 31.4% to 34.6%) with 28% (CI – 26.4% to 29.6%) attributed to non-TL injury. Conclusion Over a quarter of players on average, report a physical complaint each week that does not prevent them from participating in training or match play. A non-TL injury was shown to be useful in identifying individual players at an increased risk of a TL injury.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1705996","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47705275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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