Pub Date : 2019-05-05DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1617433
Efthymios Kyprianou, Lorenzo Lolli, H. Haddad, V. Di Salvo, M. Varley, Alberto Méndez Villanueva, W. Gregson, M. Weston
ABSTRACT Purpose: Using elite youth soccer players’ maximal sprinting speeds collected from a criterion and non-criterion measure, we demonstrate how expert practitioner opinion can be used to determine measurement validity. Methods: Expert soccer practitioners (n = 50) from around the world were surveyed on issues relating to the measurement of maximal sprinting speed and 12 elite youth soccer players performed two maximal 40 m sprints, measured by 10-Hz GPS units (non-criterion) and a 100-Hz Laser (criterion). Setting statistical equivalence bounds as practitioner opinion of the practically acceptable amount of measurement error for maximal sprinting speed, we assessed agreement between GPS and Laser. Results: Survey respondents reported a combination of methods for deriving maximal sprinting speed (tests, training, match) but most did not assess system validity. Median value of the practically acceptable amount of measurement error for maximal sprinting speed was 0.20 m/s. Maximal sprinting speed was 8.79 ± 0.33 m/s (Laser) and 8.75 ± 0.32 m/s (GPS), and the mean difference was 0.04 (90% confidence interval −0.03 to 0.11) m/s. Using the median acceptable amount of measurement error, we set our lower and upper equivalence bounds to −0.10 m/s and +0.10 m/s, respectively. Equivalence testing showed Laser and GPS as likely equivalent measures (probability 93.7%). Conclusion: Using expert-informed equivalence thresholds represents a novel way to assess validity in sports performance research.
{"title":"A novel approach to assessing validity in sports performance research: integrating expert practitioner opinion into the statistical analysis","authors":"Efthymios Kyprianou, Lorenzo Lolli, H. Haddad, V. Di Salvo, M. Varley, Alberto Méndez Villanueva, W. Gregson, M. Weston","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1617433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1617433","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose: Using elite youth soccer players’ maximal sprinting speeds collected from a criterion and non-criterion measure, we demonstrate how expert practitioner opinion can be used to determine measurement validity. Methods: Expert soccer practitioners (n = 50) from around the world were surveyed on issues relating to the measurement of maximal sprinting speed and 12 elite youth soccer players performed two maximal 40 m sprints, measured by 10-Hz GPS units (non-criterion) and a 100-Hz Laser (criterion). Setting statistical equivalence bounds as practitioner opinion of the practically acceptable amount of measurement error for maximal sprinting speed, we assessed agreement between GPS and Laser. Results: Survey respondents reported a combination of methods for deriving maximal sprinting speed (tests, training, match) but most did not assess system validity. Median value of the practically acceptable amount of measurement error for maximal sprinting speed was 0.20 m/s. Maximal sprinting speed was 8.79 ± 0.33 m/s (Laser) and 8.75 ± 0.32 m/s (GPS), and the mean difference was 0.04 (90% confidence interval −0.03 to 0.11) m/s. Using the median acceptable amount of measurement error, we set our lower and upper equivalence bounds to −0.10 m/s and +0.10 m/s, respectively. Equivalence testing showed Laser and GPS as likely equivalent measures (probability 93.7%). Conclusion: Using expert-informed equivalence thresholds represents a novel way to assess validity in sports performance research.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"3 1","pages":"333 - 338"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2019-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1617433","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47990238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-28DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1609069
O. Höner, Johannes Raabe, Dennis Murr, Daniel Leyhr
ABSTRACT Introduction: While research has provided valuable information about talent predictors, there is a gap regarding female soccer. This study analyzed the prognostic relevance of motor tests for players’ future selection level in female soccer and assessed the role of sex as a moderator variable. Methods: Within the German talent promotion program, N = 499 U12 girls participated in motor diagnostics (sprint, agility, dribbling, ball control, shooting). Five years later, 14.2% of them made the youth national team (NT), 18.8% the regional association team (RA), and 66.9% were not further selected (NS). The tests’ predictive validity for achieving one of these levels was analyzed using ANOVAs with post-hoc tests and logistic regressions. Subsequently, results were compared to data from previous research with N = 22,843 male U12 players. Results: Girls’ performances in the motor diagnostics significantly discriminated between all three selection levels. Future NT players outperformed NS (d = 1.04) and RA players (d = 0.55), who, in turn, performed better than NS players (d = 0.47). Exception for dribbling, the motor tests demonstrated predictive validity independent of sex. Discussion: Although diagnostics are not sensitive enough to determine individual decisions for talent selection, they provide objective information to supplement coaches’ work.
{"title":"Prognostic relevance of motor tests in elite girls’ soccer: a five-year prospective cohort study within the German talent promotion program","authors":"O. Höner, Johannes Raabe, Dennis Murr, Daniel Leyhr","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1609069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1609069","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction: While research has provided valuable information about talent predictors, there is a gap regarding female soccer. This study analyzed the prognostic relevance of motor tests for players’ future selection level in female soccer and assessed the role of sex as a moderator variable. Methods: Within the German talent promotion program, N = 499 U12 girls participated in motor diagnostics (sprint, agility, dribbling, ball control, shooting). Five years later, 14.2% of them made the youth national team (NT), 18.8% the regional association team (RA), and 66.9% were not further selected (NS). The tests’ predictive validity for achieving one of these levels was analyzed using ANOVAs with post-hoc tests and logistic regressions. Subsequently, results were compared to data from previous research with N = 22,843 male U12 players. Results: Girls’ performances in the motor diagnostics significantly discriminated between all three selection levels. Future NT players outperformed NS (d = 1.04) and RA players (d = 0.55), who, in turn, performed better than NS players (d = 0.47). Exception for dribbling, the motor tests demonstrated predictive validity independent of sex. Discussion: Although diagnostics are not sensitive enough to determine individual decisions for talent selection, they provide objective information to supplement coaches’ work.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"3 1","pages":"287 - 296"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2019-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1609069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43171478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-27DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1609694
Jay H. Williams, Sarah Hoffman, Daniel J. Jaskowak, David P. Tegarden
ABSTRACT Purpose: In U.S. collegiate soccer, matches that end drawn after 90-min of regulation time (RT) proceed to two 10-min extra time (ET) periods. This study quantified the physical demands and heart rate (HR) responses of playing ET matches in women’s collegiate soccer matches and compared performances during ET to those of RT. Methods: 25 female collegiate players (age = 18-22y) played 10 ET and 11 RT matches. Total and high-intensity distances, energy expended and HR were determined using GPS, accelerometry and HR monitoring. Players were categorized a full-time (FULL) or part-time (PART) players based on the minutes played during RT. Results: For both groups, physical performance measures showed only small changes over the course of the match and were generally maintained during both ET periods. During ET, performances of FULL players were similar to PART players. Also, performances of FULL during the RT portion of ET matches were similar to those during RT of competitive non-ET matches. Conclusions: These results suggest that female collegiate players maintain physical performance through RT and during an extra 20 min of ET. The ET periodscan increase total match workload by 20–25%. This increase should be considered when addressing short- and long-term periodization strategies.
{"title":"Physical demands and physiological responses of extra time matches in collegiate women’s soccer","authors":"Jay H. Williams, Sarah Hoffman, Daniel J. Jaskowak, David P. Tegarden","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1609694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1609694","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose: In U.S. collegiate soccer, matches that end drawn after 90-min of regulation time (RT) proceed to two 10-min extra time (ET) periods. This study quantified the physical demands and heart rate (HR) responses of playing ET matches in women’s collegiate soccer matches and compared performances during ET to those of RT. Methods: 25 female collegiate players (age = 18-22y) played 10 ET and 11 RT matches. Total and high-intensity distances, energy expended and HR were determined using GPS, accelerometry and HR monitoring. Players were categorized a full-time (FULL) or part-time (PART) players based on the minutes played during RT. Results: For both groups, physical performance measures showed only small changes over the course of the match and were generally maintained during both ET periods. During ET, performances of FULL players were similar to PART players. Also, performances of FULL during the RT portion of ET matches were similar to those during RT of competitive non-ET matches. Conclusions: These results suggest that female collegiate players maintain physical performance through RT and during an extra 20 min of ET. The ET periodscan increase total match workload by 20–25%. This increase should be considered when addressing short- and long-term periodization strategies.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"3 1","pages":"307 - 312"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2019-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1609694","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46267909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-27DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1609070
Mitchell J. Henderson, J. Fransen, J. J. McGrath, Simon K. Harries, Nick Poulos, A. Coutts
ABSTRACT Purpose: To examine the independent influence of a range of situational factors on physical and technical match performance during international rugby sevens matches. Methods: Data was collected from 20 professional rugby sevens players from one team across one competitive season. Activity profiles were measured using wearable microtechnology devices, and technical performance measures were collected using match video analysis. A principal components analysis was conducted to reduce the dimensionality of the physical and technical match performance variables into single index values incorporating each variable’s distinct information. Linear mixed models were then constructed to examine the collective influence of external contextual factors on physical and technical index scores. Results: Increased points conceded, a winning match outcome, and more favourable weather all had positive impacts on the Physical Performance Factor, with all other situational factors examined not contributing to a significantly better model fit. Technical Performance Factor values were shown to increase with longer match involvement durations and decrease when playing against higher ranked opponents. Conclusions: These findings show that winning the match, conceding more points, and more favourable weather conditions are associated with increased physical performance; whilst technical performance improved with longer playing durations and playing lower ranked opponents.
{"title":"Situational factors affecting rugby sevens match performance","authors":"Mitchell J. Henderson, J. Fransen, J. J. McGrath, Simon K. Harries, Nick Poulos, A. Coutts","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1609070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1609070","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose: To examine the independent influence of a range of situational factors on physical and technical match performance during international rugby sevens matches. Methods: Data was collected from 20 professional rugby sevens players from one team across one competitive season. Activity profiles were measured using wearable microtechnology devices, and technical performance measures were collected using match video analysis. A principal components analysis was conducted to reduce the dimensionality of the physical and technical match performance variables into single index values incorporating each variable’s distinct information. Linear mixed models were then constructed to examine the collective influence of external contextual factors on physical and technical index scores. Results: Increased points conceded, a winning match outcome, and more favourable weather all had positive impacts on the Physical Performance Factor, with all other situational factors examined not contributing to a significantly better model fit. Technical Performance Factor values were shown to increase with longer match involvement durations and decrease when playing against higher ranked opponents. Conclusions: These findings show that winning the match, conceding more points, and more favourable weather conditions are associated with increased physical performance; whilst technical performance improved with longer playing durations and playing lower ranked opponents.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"3 1","pages":"275 - 280"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2019-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1609070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42131430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-25DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1609071
M. Wright, Alison L Innerd
ABSTRACT We aimed to evaluate short- and long-term yo-yo intermittent recovery test, level 1 (YYIRL1) performance in girls football players. Mixed-linear modelling was used to determine within-season changes in YYIRL1 performance and between- and within-player variation over four years, at four time points (July, September, December and May) in 86 players (459 observations), mean age 13 ± standard deviation 1.8 years, 0.9 ± 1.5 years from peak height velocity. Twenty-three players, tested over three consecutive years were retained for further analysis. Magnitude-based inferences were used to quantify annual change in performance on a group and individual level. Within-player correlations were used to determine the association between YYIRL1 and maturation. ‘Very likely’ small (14, ±90% confidence interval 8.1–20%) improvements were observed between July and September and ‘possibly’ trivial (5.5, 0.41–11%) differences between September and May. Within-player variation throughout the in-season period, representing the typical error of the estimate was 23%, 22–25% and between-player, 38, 33–44%. We observed ‘most likely’ moderate improvements (32, 17–49%) over three years that were moderately associated with changes in maturation (r = 0.46, 0.13 to 0.70). A minimum change of ≥44% is required to detect ‘likely’ improvements in YYIRL1 performance on an individual basis.
{"title":"Application and interpretation of the yo-yo intermittent recovery test to the long-term physical development of girls association football players","authors":"M. Wright, Alison L Innerd","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1609071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1609071","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We aimed to evaluate short- and long-term yo-yo intermittent recovery test, level 1 (YYIRL1) performance in girls football players. Mixed-linear modelling was used to determine within-season changes in YYIRL1 performance and between- and within-player variation over four years, at four time points (July, September, December and May) in 86 players (459 observations), mean age 13 ± standard deviation 1.8 years, 0.9 ± 1.5 years from peak height velocity. Twenty-three players, tested over three consecutive years were retained for further analysis. Magnitude-based inferences were used to quantify annual change in performance on a group and individual level. Within-player correlations were used to determine the association between YYIRL1 and maturation. ‘Very likely’ small (14, ±90% confidence interval 8.1–20%) improvements were observed between July and September and ‘possibly’ trivial (5.5, 0.41–11%) differences between September and May. Within-player variation throughout the in-season period, representing the typical error of the estimate was 23%, 22–25% and between-player, 38, 33–44%. We observed ‘most likely’ moderate improvements (32, 17–49%) over three years that were moderately associated with changes in maturation (r = 0.46, 0.13 to 0.70). A minimum change of ≥44% is required to detect ‘likely’ improvements in YYIRL1 performance on an individual basis.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"3 1","pages":"297 - 306"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1609071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45477868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-24DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1609068
L. Oppici, D. Panchuk, F. Serpiello, D. Farrow
ABSTRACT Both anecdotal and research evidence suggests that futsal could be a key developmental activity for soccer. Futsal task constraints (e.g., equipment and playing area) have been argued to promote the acquisition of perceptual–motor skills that positively transfer to soccer and, in turn, improve performance in soccer. However, a lack of empirical evidence in support of this argument limits current understanding. In this commentary, we discuss three studies that provide empirical support for the benefits of practising the passing skill with futsal task constraints to enhance performance in soccer. Practising futsal for more than 1000 h and learning the passing skill with the futsal ball promoted the development of a higher standard of passing relative to practising with soccer constraints. Futsal task constraints promoted players’ education of attention towards information specifying affordances and functional adaptability of the passing skill. These results should encourage national soccer federations and coaches to strongly consider the systematic introduction of futsal in the early stages of soccer development programmes to promote talent development. Future research should examine the optimal balance of soccer and futsal practice, and the timing of specialisation to soccer, adopting the underpinning principles of representative learning design.
{"title":"Futsal task constraints promote the development of soccer passing skill: evidence and implications for talent development research and practice","authors":"L. Oppici, D. Panchuk, F. Serpiello, D. Farrow","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1609068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1609068","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Both anecdotal and research evidence suggests that futsal could be a key developmental activity for soccer. Futsal task constraints (e.g., equipment and playing area) have been argued to promote the acquisition of perceptual–motor skills that positively transfer to soccer and, in turn, improve performance in soccer. However, a lack of empirical evidence in support of this argument limits current understanding. In this commentary, we discuss three studies that provide empirical support for the benefits of practising the passing skill with futsal task constraints to enhance performance in soccer. Practising futsal for more than 1000 h and learning the passing skill with the futsal ball promoted the development of a higher standard of passing relative to practising with soccer constraints. Futsal task constraints promoted players’ education of attention towards information specifying affordances and functional adaptability of the passing skill. These results should encourage national soccer federations and coaches to strongly consider the systematic introduction of futsal in the early stages of soccer development programmes to promote talent development. Future research should examine the optimal balance of soccer and futsal practice, and the timing of specialisation to soccer, adopting the underpinning principles of representative learning design.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"3 1","pages":"259 - 262"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1609068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49469157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-03DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1603659
F. Impellizzeri, A. McCall, T. Meyer
Sport science research like any other field suffers from what has been called ‘questionable research practice’, a likely consequence of the ‘publish or perish’ culture, that is, the pressure in academia to produce scientific articles (John et al. 2012). A more recent reason that is specific to the field of football research may also be attributable to the growing number of practitioners from team sports publishing scientific articles although they may not have had the appropriate training in research methodology to the level required for robust science. John et al. (2012) reported a series of bad practices that were admitted by a sample of 2155 academic psychologists relating to their research field:
{"title":"Registered reports coming soon: our contribution to better science in football research","authors":"F. Impellizzeri, A. McCall, T. Meyer","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1603659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1603659","url":null,"abstract":"Sport science research like any other field suffers from what has been called ‘questionable research practice’, a likely consequence of the ‘publish or perish’ culture, that is, the pressure in academia to produce scientific articles (John et al. 2012). A more recent reason that is specific to the field of football research may also be attributable to the growing number of practitioners from team sports publishing scientific articles although they may not have had the appropriate training in research methodology to the level required for robust science. John et al. (2012) reported a series of bad practices that were admitted by a sample of 2155 academic psychologists relating to their research field:","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"3 1","pages":"87 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1603659","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46337788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-03DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2018.1489140
Georgia M. Black, T. Gabbett, R. Johnston, M. Cole, G. Naughton, B. Dawson
ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the relationship between technical involvements and (1) winning margins, (2) losing margins and (3) ladder position in the national Australian Football League Women’s competition (AFLW). Methods: The first season of AFLW technical data were analysed. All matches (n = 26) were separated into winning and losing subsets and score margins were recorded. To investigate the influence of technical involvements on overall performance, final ladder position was also recorded. Results: Uncontested possessions and the ratio between the number of times the ball was inside the attacking 50-m zone (inside 50s) and goals scored, were identified as the biggest predictors of match outcomes in the AFLW. Larger winning margins were associated with reduced marks “inside 50” and a lower inside 50: goals scored ratio. Kicks and contested marks demonstrated significant relationships with final ladder position, with these involvements decreasing as the ladder position moved closer to eight. Conclusions: Team game plans should promote the importance of finding space and completing a number of passes in the attacking 50-m zone to allow closer shots on goal. Further to this, coaches may need to draft players who are able to “win” marking contests to improve ladder position in the future seasons..
{"title":"A skill profile of the national women’s Australian football league (AFLW)","authors":"Georgia M. Black, T. Gabbett, R. Johnston, M. Cole, G. Naughton, B. Dawson","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2018.1489140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2018.1489140","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the relationship between technical involvements and (1) winning margins, (2) losing margins and (3) ladder position in the national Australian Football League Women’s competition (AFLW). Methods: The first season of AFLW technical data were analysed. All matches (n = 26) were separated into winning and losing subsets and score margins were recorded. To investigate the influence of technical involvements on overall performance, final ladder position was also recorded. Results: Uncontested possessions and the ratio between the number of times the ball was inside the attacking 50-m zone (inside 50s) and goals scored, were identified as the biggest predictors of match outcomes in the AFLW. Larger winning margins were associated with reduced marks “inside 50” and a lower inside 50: goals scored ratio. Kicks and contested marks demonstrated significant relationships with final ladder position, with these involvements decreasing as the ladder position moved closer to eight. Conclusions: Team game plans should promote the importance of finding space and completing a number of passes in the attacking 50-m zone to allow closer shots on goal. Further to this, coaches may need to draft players who are able to “win” marking contests to improve ladder position in the future seasons..","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"3 1","pages":"138 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2018.1489140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48221853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-28DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1598621
Jordan C Troester, Jason G. Jasmin, R. Duffield
ABSTRACT Purpose: This study investigated responses of single-leg balance and landing and countermovement jump (CMJ) following rugby union training and the specific components of training load associated with test decrement. Methods: Twenty-seven professional rugby union players performed CMJ, single-leg balance and landing tests on a 1000 Hz force plate at the beginning and end of training days. Training load was described by session RPE, Banister’s TRIMP, GPS total distance, high-speed running distance (>5.5 m s−1), relative speed and body load. Results: CMJ eccentric rate of force development (EccRFD) demonstrated moderate impairment post-training (ES ± 90%CL = −0.79 ± 0.29, MBI = almost certainly). CMJ height (−0.21 ± 0.16, possible), concentric impulse (ConIMP) (−0.35 ± 0.17, likely) and single-leg balance sway velocity on the non-dominant leg (0.30 ± 0.26, possible) were also impaired. Regression analyses identified the strongest relationship between sRPE and impaired ConIMP (r = −0.68 ± 21, β = −0.68) whilst other load measures explained 27–50% of the variance in balance and CMJ changes. Conclusions: CMJ variables representing altered movement strategy (EccRFD and IMP) may be useful for assessing acute neuromuscular fatigue in rugby union, though single-leg balance sway velocity may be an alternative when maximal tests are impractical.
{"title":"The influence of training load on postural control and countermovement jump responses in rugby union","authors":"Jordan C Troester, Jason G. Jasmin, R. Duffield","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1598621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1598621","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose: This study investigated responses of single-leg balance and landing and countermovement jump (CMJ) following rugby union training and the specific components of training load associated with test decrement. Methods: Twenty-seven professional rugby union players performed CMJ, single-leg balance and landing tests on a 1000 Hz force plate at the beginning and end of training days. Training load was described by session RPE, Banister’s TRIMP, GPS total distance, high-speed running distance (>5.5 m s−1), relative speed and body load. Results: CMJ eccentric rate of force development (EccRFD) demonstrated moderate impairment post-training (ES ± 90%CL = −0.79 ± 0.29, MBI = almost certainly). CMJ height (−0.21 ± 0.16, possible), concentric impulse (ConIMP) (−0.35 ± 0.17, likely) and single-leg balance sway velocity on the non-dominant leg (0.30 ± 0.26, possible) were also impaired. Regression analyses identified the strongest relationship between sRPE and impaired ConIMP (r = −0.68 ± 21, β = −0.68) whilst other load measures explained 27–50% of the variance in balance and CMJ changes. Conclusions: CMJ variables representing altered movement strategy (EccRFD and IMP) may be useful for assessing acute neuromuscular fatigue in rugby union, though single-leg balance sway velocity may be an alternative when maximal tests are impractical.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"3 1","pages":"320 - 325"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1598621","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48233302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-22DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1595111
Danielle Ireland, B. Dawson, P. Peeling, L. Lester, J. Heasman, B. Rogalski
ABSTRACT Objectives: To examine the frequency of task-constraints between game-scenario training drills and competition games for all disposals, by considering, temporal, distance, pressure and related situational factors. Methods: The skill patterns of elite-level Australian football players (n = 33) were compared relative to playing environment (training/games), disposal type (handballs/kicks), and further categorised by ‘state of play’ factors. Results: Game measures relating to high-intensity pressure applied to the ball-carrier and receiving players were significantly under-represented during training, particularly for kicks (all p < 0.001). Physical pressure acts such as tackling were more frequent in games (p < 0.001). Further, kicks executed in 0-1 s also occurred more frequently in games compared to training (p < 0.001). For handballs, most (8/9) constraint frequencies were higher at training than in games (p < 0.03–0.001). Conclusion: It is likely that for training to more closely resemble games, ball-disposals (especially kicking) must be produced under highly contested conditions and executed within minimal time. These findings may enhance current training practices in the Australian football league, as well as assist in the development and prescription of innovative training drills to better prepare players for the specific game demands they experience.
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